Hamon, 100 years of cooling - International District Energy Association

Transcription

Hamon, 100 years of cooling
Seawater
to Seawater
Moving to
Moving
Towers
Cooling Towers
Cooling
Why sea water?
•
When water is an issue
(no fresh water available)Î
Need other sources:
sea water when project close
to the sea or TSE
•
Advantages of seawater :
• Practically no limitation in
volume of water required
• Cheap water
References
•
Hamon has started building sea water cooling towers in 1973
•
References exist in chemical, petrochemical, refinery fields as
well as in combined-cycle, fossile, nuclear power plants :
•
Petrochemical
Jubail Saudi Arabia
84587 m³/hr
•
Refinery
Exxon Singapore
14082m³/hr
References
•
Fossile power plant
Crystal River USA
67229 m³/hr
•
Combined cycle power
plant
Tarragona Spain
48300 m³/hr
•
Nuclear power plant
Doel Belgium
183240 m³/hr
References
Bank Pakong Power Plant
largest cell sea water cooling tower ever built
Flow
426 600 (6 x 71100) m³/h
N°Cells
72 (6*12)
Size each
16 x 16 m
Total Height
10.6 m
References
Air conditioning
Jeddah Airport : 26 concrete cells induced draft cooling towers
In operation since 1981
25 300 m³/hr (38 000 TR)
Hamon sea water C.T.
Cumulated flow in m³/hr
Sea water cooling tower references
3 000 000
Cumulated flow (m³/h)
2 500 000
2 000 000
1 500 000
1 000 000
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500 000
Year
0
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Seawater or not seawater
Air conditioning
Jeddah Airport
Sand storm protected
Seawater or not seawater
Rehabilitation only in 2008, scope
Replacement of the internals : Asbestos Cement pipes,
Asbestos Cement Drift eliminators, Splash grids
by PVC pipes, PVC drift eliminators, PVC packing
Previous configuration : all internals were suspended to
concrete beams located at upper level.
New configuration : concrete beams have been removed and
replaced entirely by a brand new FRP Structure.
Sea water or not sea water
Dubai Airport : 33 FRP cells induced draft cooling towers,
64 000m3/hr ~ 94 000 TR
Material
Structure and all
components material
must be adapted to sea
water, in particular to
prevent corrosion.
FRP and wood well
adapted
Fan stack : FRP
Fan Stack hardware : SS316
Components Materials
Drift eliminators waves: PVC
Spacers : PP (No hardware)
Water distribution:
- Laterals : PVC
- Sprayer / adaptor : PP / PVC
- Header : FRP
- Sleeve : FRP
Structure hardware and
Anchors bolts: Adapted steel
Fill:
- Film : PVC
- Splashing grid : PP
Cladding fixation : SS316 or aluminium
Selection of an anti-fouling film
Cleanflow Plus fill
* Material : PVC
* Laid on beams
* No steel part
* Sinusoidal Vertical flute
* Light corrugation
* High thermal performance
Recommended for Sea Water
Selection of an anti-fouling film
Cleanflow fill
* Material : PVC
* Laid on beams
* No steel part
* Vertical flute
* Light corrugation
Recommended for lower
quality Sea Water
Splash FILL
Grids hanging
to
Steel Wires
For Sea Water:
Grids in Polypropylene
Wires in adapted steel
Cooldrop fill
Q= 35 000 m3/h
WB= 30.0 °C
CW= 34.0 °C
HW= 44.0 °C
Thermal comparison :
Cooling tower design
Salinity
Plan area
Fan deck height
Pumping height
Total fan power
Make up water
Film
gr/l 52
m²
2156
m
11.8
m
9.4
kW 1785
m³/h 3835
Splash
75
2487 (+16%)
14.8 (+25%)
11.9 (+26%)
2086 (+17%)
1473 (-62%)
Total cost
%
125.2 (+25%)
100
• Disadvantages
• Titanium tubes or highly corrosion resistant
material in the condenser/chiller
• Investment costs for make up and blow down :
small pumping station, inlet and discharge
• Advantages
• No water consumption
• Feasability of seawater intake / discharge location
• Landclaiming
• Approval from ministries / municipalities
• Direct seawater cooling in the process vs.
Plate heat exchanger / RO for make-up
• Titanium or other corrosion resistant material:
availability and soaring price
• TSE source still not available:
plants to be constructed – quality to be determined
• Seawater technology still being questioned
in DCP
• Only DCP plant with sea water under construction:
Bahrain Bay
• Why?
Comparison
Design point : 35000 m3/h ; 10°C range
Comparison on a fixed cooling tower size
Sea water
Fresh W.
45 gr/l
70 gr/l
0 gr/l
Tower plan area 2912
2912
2912
%
100
100
100
Total absorbed power 1356
1798
2037
%
100
133
150
Investment Price %
100
111
115
Total cost %
100
115
121
Total capitalized price %
100
115
121
m2
kW
Saving water:
Drift eliminators at air outlet
Most advanced technology :
• Double layer of drift eliminators
45 mm at the bottom
25 mm at the top
Typical guarantee drift losses
= 0.0005 %
Acceptable pressure drop
Saving water:
To guarantee the above
Drift eliminators must
•
be clean, in good state, without
apparent deformation
•
cover the whole air outlet surface,
particular care at the edges, around
columns, corners…
•
hamon supervision recommended
during installation
Saving water:
Single layer
Double layer
Cristal river site
Cristal river lab
Te
st
On
S
Richards Bay
Rasiom F.W.
Cominco
ite
Jacksonville Unit 2
Jacksonville Unit 1
Atlantic city
0.0000
0.0002
0.0004
0.0006
Measured Drift LOsses (% Water flow)
0.0008
0.0010
Saving water:
Drift eliminators at air inlet
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Waves: PP45
PVC with PP spacers
* 2 collecting surfaces
* low pressure drop
* No steel part
NO detectable Blow-Out (water
losses) even when the fans are
stopped.
Alternate: Fresh water with a Saving water design
• Base idea: avoid
evaporation of part of the
water during the cooling
process, using dry bundles.
• Wet-dry cooling tower
• Hamon technology from
1977. Almost 1 million m³/h
cooling water references.
What is the best technology for water
conservation?
•
•
•
•
Sea water cooling tower ?
TSE water cooling tower ?
Fresh water with water saving design ?
The answer is economical and depends mainly on the source
availablity and cost of water.
• Your opinion?

Hamon, 100 years of cooling - International District Energy Association

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