The coins of the Danish kings of Ireland : Hiberno

Transcription

IL'
^^-J^'li'tHI •^.'^.'^^Mt lÂiii^t-^^,'L*'i
HIBERNO-DANISH
By
BERNARD ROTH.
COINS.
Tit /r.jcjn
STACK
The
[Reprinted from
British Numismatic Journal, Vol. VI.
1910.]
THE COINS OF THE DANISH KINGS OF
IRELAND.
HIBERNO-DANISII SERIES.
Bv Bernard Roth, F.S.A.
HARLES HALIDAY'
" It
so
:—
says
must surprise those who examine the history of Ireland that
little
known
appears
respecting the
Scandinavians who under the
social
common name
position
of
those
of
Ostmen
of
or
Danes, occupied our principal seaports from the ninth to the twelfth
century, and that even local historians are silent respecting the civil
and religious institution.s, the works and monumental remains of a
who
people,
not only inhabited and ruled over Dublin for more than
if not the founders of the city, were
three hundred years, but who,
unquestionably the cause of
only
is
there
no
its
metropolitan supremacy
Irish record of a
'
ccntur)-, but before that period there
now
the city
manifest that
.
.
.
because
it
II.
made Dublin
was the principal
.
not
.
no record that the place where
is
stands was a place of any importance
Henry
.
City of Dublin' before the ninth
...
it
is
the metropolis of his royalty
city of the
Ostmen he had con-
quered, and over whose subjugated territories he did claim to exercise
The Ostmen who founded the Kingdom of
regal privileges
.
.
.
852 [held a] high position among surrounding nations,
and so far from being a mere band of pirates who only constructed a
fortress as a receptacle for plunder, and who left no monuments which
Dublin
in A.D.
could indicate that either religion or legislation existed among them
were colonists, who settled in the land they invaded, and
.
.
.
.
Pagan and barbarian
their civil
as they were, their religion
institutions not less perfect
and
human freedom, than the religion,
civili.scd Romans who invaded Britain
with
T/ie
in 1038,
and who
is
less idolatrous
more consonant
and laws of those
Anlaf Cuaran, King
who endowed Christ
their laws
institutions
of Dublin, was succeeded by his son
Church, Dublin,
was
.
.
.
Sihtric,
generally described as Sihtric III."
Scandinavian Kingdom of Dublin, 2nd Edition, Dublin and London, 1884.
a
1685290
ANMa
—
The Coins of
2
The above
extract
is
the
Danish Kings of Ireland.
sufficient to
show
an able writer, but, unfortunately, there
Scandinavian coinage of Ireland
Haliday was
the 300 pages of his interesting
Althouofh the earliest reference to the Hiberno- Danish coinage
book.
is
in
Charles
that
not a single reference to the
is
De
Ware's
gi\-en in
Hibernis
et Antiqiiitatibiis ejus Disqjtisittones
published in 1654 [see coin No. 218 in this paper],
Danish coins are described
Britannia published
coinage
is
found
in the
and several Hiberno-
Second Edition of William Camden's
in 1722, the first serious
attempt to describe this
Simon's Essay on Irish Coins.
in
Dublin, merchant, F.R.S., published
An
James Simon of
Essay towards a Historical
Account of Irish Coins in 1 749 at Dublin, which was reprinted by
anonymous editors in iSiowith the addition of a Supplement "begun
by the late ingenious Îr. Snelling and completed and published in
London after his death in the year 1767."
Less than 10 of the
180 pages of print
in this quarto
volume, are devoted to a description
of the coins of the Danish kings of Dublin,
by
'i)']
coins on Plates
Snelling's
first
I
and
II,
illustrated
6 coins on Plate VII, 12 coins on
additional plate, 24 coins
on the Editors' additional
These are
etc.
plate, viz.,
on Duane's plate and 9 coins
88 coins altogether.
coins figured only differ in the legends,
and
]\Iany of the
others, again, are either
purely English or Danish so that scarcely 50 different varieties of the
Hiberno-Danish
series are given.
haphazard sequence which renders
men.
In addition,
earlier
works, thus
many
The
it
coins are described in the most
difficult to
find
any given
speci-
of the figures are copies of illustrations in
coins Xos. 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 in my first plate are
taken from Sir James Ware [see above] and Xos. 18, 19, 20 and 21 from
"The
same plate are taken from Camden's last edition." Simon writes,
The pieces Xos. 12, 22, 23, 24, Plate I, and Xos. 31, 32, 33, 36 and ^-j,
the
"
II, and Xos. 162, 163, 164, 165, 166 and 167, Plate VIII, I have
by me, but must own that the letters are so defaced or so unusual that I
am not able to find out what they are, nor what prince they belong to
and the letters appear to have been mostly strokes like so many
etc., I presume that the inscriptions on these coins were written in
that occult manner called Ogham Crabh by the Irish Antiquarians
(Ware's Antiq., 1704, pp. 19, 20). From the armed head on Xo. 31,
Plate
:
I
I
I
I,
—
—
The Coins of
tlic
3
should assign it to Brian-Boruma, wiio, as he was a great warrior,
I
might very properlj- be represented in armour on his coins."
Snelling
in
his
Supplement
Simon which has
to
three
plates,
writes
"Since the publication of Mr. Simon's work on the monies of the
of Ireland which was in the year 1749, several coins of that
country have occurred to us, not mentioned by that ingenious author,
therefore highly probable were never seen by him, these we have put
together in two plates, to which are joined another of Mr. Duane's of
their most ancient coins
Of this ancient sort are also those in
our first plate from Nos. i to 1 1 inclusive, many of which have strait
strokes instead of letters and those few which have had letters are
obliterated the only observation we shall make on them, is the barbarous
and rude manner in which they have attempted to copy the Saxon and
English coins of that age,"
Kingdom
.
.
.
:
And
he proceeds to give c.vamples of Hiberno-Danish coins which are
more or
less imitations of coins of
William
I.
and William
II.
I
quote
again from Snelling's supplement
"If we except the pieces of Sihtric and a few more, none of these
ancient coins which have inscriptions on them, are
many
although there are
formed, yet no word
name
to
is
now
understood,
and the letters distinct, but badly
be made from them that will help us to the
very
fair
of King, mone}'er or place of mintage."
In the explanation of the Editors' additional plate to
Simon, we
find—
" It
has been asserted by an elegant writer
(J.
Pinkerton) that
rude strokes round them,
too ignorant to be capable of reading or
these ancient coins found in
Ireland, with
were fabricated by men
forming letters. No. 8 §tg n4H« rt|iiitiKi|»t4«
f«<« iH|( however, shows
his mistake, for the artist who graved lliis coin could form letters
perfectly well, though round one side, he has put nothing but rude strokes
on the obverse the letters are very legible, and are IHFRZREX probably
^
i
—
—
Ifarus or Ivarus
the reverse has the cross as usual, but surrounded by
:
crooked strokes
;
be a coin of Ivar,
has yet occurred
Sihtric
Later on,
and Ivar
it
will
workmanship is rather neat
is certainly one of the earliest
time
the
for that
it
inscribed coins that
in
the Irish series.
Ware
:
if this
dates the arrival of Anlaf,
in Ireland, \.V>. 853."
be seen that this coin
is
derived from one of
a
2
A/l,.
—
—
The Coins of the Danish Kings of Ire/and.
4
^thelred
who
II.,
only began
to
some 126 years
reign in a,d. 979,
after the elate quoted.
The
only other important work on the Hiberno-Danish coinage
by John Lindsay,
A
to
and was published
in
1839 at Cork.
of the Coinage of Ireland from the Invasion of the
In his preface we read
the Reign of George IV.
It is entitled
Danes
barrister-at-law,
is
Vieza
"The Hiberno-Danish
closer investigation
however, seem to
[coins],
than they have
require a
far
and the large
hitlierto received,
hoards of them discovered during the last 20 years may naturally be
supposed to facilitate such investigation the subject is, however, still
;
one of extreme difficulty, requiring the deepest attention to those coins,
and the closest comparison of them with the contemporary ones of
England and Denmark and Norway, together with such a knowledge
of the names, order of succession, and dates of the reigns of the
Hiberno-Danish princes, as the confused and often contradictory
records of those times have handed down to us."
Lindsay devotes 25 of the 143 pages of his book to the HibernoDanish series, and he illustrates it by 72 figures in Plates I, II and III,
with an additional 67 figures in the Supplement, Plates
Although some attempt
V.
the supposed
whom
same
II,
III
and
to classify the coins according to
Hiberno-Danish kings,
chronology of the various
to
he attributes them, many of the figures are repetitions of the
varieties,
would be
The
made
is
I,
with slight differences only in the legends, so that
difficult
following
classification
to
it
separate 60 really different types in his plates.
extracts
some
give
will
idea
of
his
method
of
:
" We
shall begin with the Hiberno-Danish, as having every
appearance of being the most ancient which class of these coins was
first minted is a matter by no means easy to ascertain.
Those with
;
most
intelligible legends, for the
Ifars,
by
who have borne
these
names
former
and
appropriating their coins renders
them exceedingly
difficult
;
bear the names of Sihtric and
part,
far the great portion the
the
nor will
;
the
it
but the number of princes
consequent
difficulty
of
chronological arrangement of
be possible for
us,
in
any
way through the obscurity of this subject without
investigation of the names and succession of the Hiberno-
degree, to see our
a close
Danish princes
for
which purpose a
table, carefully
compiled from the
The Coins of
the
Danish Kings of /re/and.
most authentic materials, which the scanty and
contradictory annals of these times afford,
is
The
succession of the Danish Kings of Dublin
A.D.
Anlaf
I.
...
Ifarsl.
...
Ostenus
Godfred
I.
Sihtric
„
...
I....
II.
Regnald 1.
Godfred II.
Anlaf II....
Blacar
Godfred III.
Anlaf II I.
Godfred IV.
Anlaf IV.
Regnald II.
Gluniarand
Sihtric III.
Ifars II.
...
many
instances
here presented to the
reader.
'
in
5
—
Tlie Coins
•6
"
[sic]
An
;
of the Danish Kings of Ireland.
examination of the rude and imperfect legends on the Danish
much
coins will enable us, without
Anlaf, Sihtric, Ifars and Regnald
;
difficulty, to trace
the
names of
but there being several princes of
each of these names, not onl}- in Dublin but even Waterford and
Limerick, it becomes a matter of extreme difficulty to appropriate
The first Danish prince of Dublin was Anlaf, but as I
have no coins which appear likely to belong to him, I shall proceed to
notice certain coins which I am strongly inclined to think belong to his
brother Ifars or Imar I., who was at first King of Limerick, but at the
death of his brother Anlaf in 870, King of the Danes of all Ireland.
The coins bearing the name of IFARZ or IHFRZ, published by Simon
No. 34, Duane No. 34 ^M.ftiftiti%]ni%U<it\diM\Hkf ^"d the Editors to
Simon's Plate No. 8 (mUttJitt f^^1^'"^**1iW have been generally
assigned to this prince, but their extreme resemblance to the coins of
Sihtric III., who began to reign in 989, renders it nearly certain that
they do not belong to him but to Ifars II., who expelled Sihtric [III.]
from Dublin in 993, and was himself expelled by Sihtric in the
following year. The coins, however, which appear to be likely to have
them
4^
/Ijl^
.
.
.
been struck by the
first
Ifars
.
.
.
are
now
given in Plate
Nos.
I,
work [see coins Nos. 165, 166 and 167, Plate VII]
would
seem
to bear on each side of the head the characters
they
and
2 of the
IIWIH turned
towards the head
;
.
I
.
i
.
IVIF or
the remainder of the legend bears the
the latter part occurs on many HibernoNND, also repeated
Danish coins and is supposed to stand for Normannorum Dyflin or
Normanorum Dominus the characters IIM/IF would seem to stand for
IMAR or IMFAR, or if the word be read IMC for IMAR LVNVNC, but I
confess I would, on this evidence, have hardly ventured to assign these
coins to Imar, had I not discovered on a numerous class of AngloSaxon skeattas a similar legend and a similar type."
letters
;
;
.
Any
numismatist
who
will
take the trouble to compare these two
series of coins will recognise the absurdity of Lindsay's attributions.
He
then proceeds to assign with just as
cabinet of the
Dean
reason " one coin in the
of St. Patrick's" to Anlaf IV., a.d. 962, although
he admits " the possibility of
Coming
little
its
to Sihtric III., a.d. 989,
being struck by Anlaf V.,
a.d. 1029."
Lindsay says
"They present only four different types. The_^rjr/, and the most
common, bears on the obverse the king's head with Irish helmet \^
reverse, a long double cross, generally with a pellet in
^
By
" Irish helmet "
line representing the hair.
is
each angle
apparently meant the coiffure with pellets at the end of each
—
;
The Coins of the Danish Kings of Ireland.
some of
7
type bear legends, rude and sometimes almost unintelli-
this
gible,
while others have them perfect.
King
of Dublin
are
found on
the
The
prince's
obverse
name and
title
as
the reverse bears the
;
moneyer's name and place of mintage, generally DYFLI but on some
we find LVNI, RINI, EGMI, lERN, and probably the names of some other
places not intelligible to us.
The well executed coins of this type
usually weigh from 21 to 23 grains [see coins No. 35, etc., Plate II]
the ruder ones onlj- from 10 to 18 grains; a few of this latter
;
description bear, in two angles of the cross and .sometimes only in one,
some
a rude figure supposed bj-
to be a hand, but this figure, although
common on Hibcrno-Uanish
very
coins,
is
very seldom found on the
coins of Sihtric [III.]."
It is
a remarkable fact that amongst the
Danish coins which
I
have examined,
I
many hundreds of Hibernohave never come across
a single specimen with one or two so-called hands on the reverse,
which had
at
approaching
the
same time a
on the obverse.
it
definite
This
is
SIHTRC legend or anything
confirmed by Lindsay's
list
of
coins of Sihtric III. with one or two hands on the reverse, of which he
gives nine readings on his Table 4
commencing with
;
n or /w and not one with
1,
applies to the coins of Sihtric III. in
"
The
each of the nine obverse legends
or z.
This equally
second type of this King has his head bare with a .sceptre
:
double cross with the letters CRVX in the
The coins are neatly executed but the legends in general rude
and on the
angles.
reverse, a short
;
the most perfect bearing the legend ZITIR. DIFL
being contracted as
9,
s
Simons work
Plate
I].
.
.
.
MEORVM.,
the last
word
we find on English coins of Ethelred [see coin No.
The third type of this prince bears the King's
head with a perfect helmet reverse a long double cross with a hand in
one quarter. Of this t\pe
have never seen a specimen and the only
one published is, I believe, that given in Ledwich' No. 7. There is a
possibility that this coin may behjng to Sihtric IV.
The fourth type
bears the King's head with a sort of cap, reverse a small cross like that
on the coin of Edward the Martyr and some of those of Ethelred.
This type is also extremely rare, specimens are published in Simon, No.
26, and Ledwich', Nos. 11 and 12 [see coin No. i, Plate I]."
:
I
Lindsay goes on
'
A/ttupiities
pp. 21 1-227.
to
attribute, without
the slightest justification,
of Ireland, by Edward Ledwich, LL.D., 2nd Edition, Dublin, 1804,
—
—
The Coins of
8
Danish Kings
the
of Ire/and.
various coins with illegible or unintelligible legends to Ifars
Anlaf
v., 1029,
and
Sihtric IV., 1034.
To Anlaf
II.,
993,
VI. he gives two coins
which are really Danish of King Svend Estridsen [see coins Nos. 239
He refers as follows to the coins bearing the
and 240, Plate X].
names of Ethelred and Cnut with Dublin
as the place of mintage
:
Various conjectures have been offered as to how these coins came
no evidence however appears of these Kings
in Ireland
having possessed any part of Ireland, or of their having received any
tribute from it, a circumstance particularly improbable during the reign
"
to
be minted
;
The supposition that part of the contributions levied by
Danes miglit have been sent to Dublin and there minted by
moneyers of Ethelred, is more probable, but has still nothing more than
of Ethelred.
the
conjecture to support
whilst the probability of this supposition
is
weakened by the coins of Cnut bearing the name of Dublin,
which the same reasoning could not possibly be applied."
to
it
;
greatly
Professor Otto Alcenius of Helsinorfors Universitv, Finland, in his
interesting
monograph, On Four Finds of Anglo-Saxon Coins
same question as follows
land, 1894-1897, discusses this
"
The English
in
Fin-
:
some
coins are usually accompanied by
Irish coins
the legend on the
(King of Dublin 989-1029). The
reverse has either the name of a mint-master and an Irish town
(usually:
F/ERMIN MO DYFLI) or is copied without or with slight
alteration from English coins, with the names of English mint-masters
and English towns. The usual explanation that King Sihtric struck
coins in some ten English towns widely separated does not seem
acceptable
on the other hand, it seems likely that in Ireland, the
common English coins were copied, only altering the name of the King
and leaving the reverse unaltered. We can explain in the same waj-,
those coins which, with the name of Ethelred or Canute, have the legend
F/EREMIN MO DYFLI or something similar on the reverse as neither of
these Kings could have had mint-masters in Ireland, which did not
belong to England at that time. The obverse of the English coin has
English type (usually Ethelred), but
entirely of
obverse has
name
the
SIHTRIC,
—
;
;
been kept unaltered, but the inscription on the reverse has been altered
Irish mint-master.
Hildebrand attributed these coins to the
English series
amongst these coins of Sihtric (found in
by the
....
Finland) there
new
is
one which has not been found
mint-master's name, and a
concerned
;
it
new name
has on the reverse /ELFSTAI
in
Sweden, and
it
has a
of a town as far as Ireland
MQQ TOCA
;
as
is
we know that
—
The Coins of
Danish Kinos of Ireland.
the
9
we looked up Hildeand found Xo. 3836 with almost exactly the same
inscription
the only difference being that the names were correctly
given viz. /ELFSTAN who was mint-master at TOTA, that is the English
town TOTAN/ES now Totness."
this
specimen
brand's
is
copied from lithclred's coinage,
bool<
:
Lin'dsay's
book concludes with an account of some of the
hoards of coins discovered
in
principal
Ireland within the then last few years,
from which the following extracts are taken
:
"
In 1833 a parcel of Ilibcrno-Danish coins were found near
Limerick, the number, I was informed, was about 107 or 108, six of them
viz., Plate II, Nos. 37,38, 39,40 and
and
supplement
Plate
II,
[see coins Nos. 151, 152 and 153,
No.
42
47,
Plate VII], and I believe the greater part of the parcel were similar.
1837 in the spring of this year, a large hoard of silver coins was dug
up at Dumbrody Abbey, County Wexford they consisted of between
1,000 and 1,100 Anglo-Saxon coins, mostly of the Confessor, but includbesides the
ing three or four of Ilarthacnut and several of Harold I.
Anglo-Saxon, the hoard consisted of from 200 to 300 Hibcrno-Danish
are given in the plates of this work,
:
;
;
coins of the iith century of various types, but mostly of the
Irish one.
.
.
also noticed the
able to ascertain
common
In addition to the discoveries just mentioned,
.
following, the date or particulars of which
a large parcel of coins of Sihtric III.
:
I
I
have
was not
and the
Irish
imitations of the coins of Ethelred, were found a few years since [before
1839] at Clondalkin, County Dublin: they were of that class which
bears the word CRVX in the angles of a short double cross on the
reverse
:
most of the varieties of this hoard will be found
work few of these coins were known until
III of this
;
in Plates
I
and
this discovery
Coins Nos. 9 to 15, Plate I]. In Donough Henry Parish, County
Tyrone, was found in a bag, a small chalice full of silver coins of the
Danish Princes, many of which are now in the collection of R. C.
[see
Ankettel, Esq."
From
will
be easily
authors
I
in
summary of the labours of Simon and Lindsay it
understood how practically impossible it is to follow these
this short
their classification
coins.
have grave doubts whether the beautifully executed and apparently
earliest issued
coins which have been attributed
belong to that King
is
and attribution of Hiberno- Danish
:
there
is
to
scarcely any proof at
Sihtric III., really
all
:
all
we can say
that well executed silver pennies which are almost facsimiles of the
—
The Coins of
lO
^thelred
coins of
name
of SIHTRIC
Sihtric III. in
that
it
;
II.,
who
reigned between a.d. 979 and 1016, bear the
that a King Sihtric, who has been dubbed
and
modern
possible he
is
times, reigned in
may have employed
these coins.
Hibcrno-Danish
iii,
DubHn from 989
coins,
to 1029,
English moneyers
Dr. Aquilla Smith,
to issue
Hand on
vol.
the
in
in
The
his article,
and
Dublin
Hunmu
published in xh^ Numismatic Chronicle,
Series III, 1S83, wrote
"
The workmanship
of Sihtric's coins
the intelligible legends on
them
is
superior to
all
others,
and
furnish the only complete evidence of
money in Dublin by a Hiberno-Danish King
Not one of the coins represented in the accompanying plate (ten coins
with the symbol hand) can be appropriated with certainty or even probability to any person or place of mintage, nor can its place in the
Sihtric III. King of Dublin
chronological series be fixed with precision.
coins
are known with certainty.^
whose
only
King
A.D. 9S9 to 1029 is the
the coinage of
The
arrangement of
HibernoDanish coins after his time must be the consideration of the varieties
and analogies of types, when legends are unintelligible and when
chief guide for the chronological
all
straight
lines are substituted for letters."
'&'
we
same stage of uncertainty, perhaps
more so than twenty-eight years ago when Dr. Aquilla Smith wrote his
I
paper.
regret that
We
can
are
only
still
say
at the
that
Hiberno-Danish coins are based on
more or less servile imitations of the English series from the reign of
^thelred II. to that of William II., a period of 121 years, and of the
Danish series during the later portion of this period.
of nearly every variety I
I have given in the plates an illustration
have been fortunate enough to examine, and of which I have obtained
casts, and the classification has been based as far as possible on the
^thelred II. began
different types of yEthelred II. and his successors,
his reign in a.d. 979, was deposed a.d. 1013, restored a.d. 1014, and
died A.D. 1016.
The 243
varieties
have been grouped
for
convenience
of reference into 53 classes.
In the following
list
the numbers of the coins correspond with those
of the plates so that the references need not be repeated.
'
I
do not accept
this statement.
HIBERNO-DANISH COINS.
Plate
I.
The Coins of
Class
Type
of
Series, vol.
No.
ii,
Obverse.
I.
the head,
II.
— Bust
4.
Museum
to
\
I.
Catalogue,
Anglo-Saxon
diademed with two tassels behind
between two circles 4. SIHTRLRE-I-DYFLH.
left,
;
Around, inscription between two
cross pattee.
COLBRANDMOOH.
\
Type A.
Hildcbrund,
I,
— Small
to 8 of Plate
i
British
.\rouiid, inscription
Reverse.
circles;
Type
Coins
i.
^thelred
the
Weight,
17-5
In
grs.
the
author's
cabinet.
Compare with Simon.
Plate
A
my
second specimen
in
specimen
in the British
Museum
Obverse.—^ SIHTRLRE+DYFLNMO
Reverse.—^ /ELFRE'LNMGDYFLiN
'362.
363.
364.
365.
366.
379.
;
reads
Weight, 20-4
:
grs.
381.
in his
:
Obverse.—i- /EZiELUED RE+ ANGN
Reverse.—^ /ELFEL\A MO DYFELI
Obverse.—i- /EDELUED UE-h ANGN
AVwr.>-^.— 4- /ELFELN MO DIIFLIINE
Obverse.—h EOELRMD R^-f ANC
Reverse.—i- /ELEELU MO DYFLIMCD
Obverse.—i- EOELRMD RE-I- ANG
Reverse.—^ /ELEELU MO DYFLIMO
Obverse.—i- EDELRERD EX ANGI
Reverse.—i- /ELEELU MO DYFLIMO
Obverse.—i- /E£)ELÊO RE-J- ANGN
Reverse.—{ MDREMIN MO DIFLN
380. Obverse.
'
12.
Anglo-Saxon Coins, Stockholm, 1881, the
similar Hiberno-Danish coins
Hildebrand gives
followinsf
and
WeiLjht, 16 grs.
:
third
11
collection has the following legend
Obverse.—^ SIHTRCRE-l-DYFLIM.
Reverse.—^ OGDOANOLVNDR
A
and Ledwich,
II, 26,
—
I-
/EOELRED
RE-1-
ANGN
Reverse.—T NDERIIIN MO DYFL
Obverse.—i- /EOELUEO RE4- ANGM
Reverse.—i- NDREMIN MO DIFLN
The number
of each coin in Hildebrand
is
given for convenience of reference.
The Coins of
12
382.
2.
3.
4.
Oîr/w.—-1- /EOELRED REX AN
Reverse.—^ RINBVLF M-0 DYF
C/'t'^;-J£'.— + /EHITRC RE-f DYFLM
/?^w;-,sr.— + /ELEFELN MO DYFLIM
Obverse.— ^'>\\\^'iVC RE-1- DYEL
Reverse.— ^ /^l-'f'E.UA MO OYFELI
Obverse.— ^ SIHTC RE+ DYFL
iC^Z'tTJ^.—-1-
5.
6.
the
MO DYFELH
/ELFELN
DYFLNR
i^îw^^.—-J-/ELFELNMO DYFLIMO
<9^z'^rj^.— + SIHTRC RE-I- DYFLNR
C;/7ZW-i-£'.—{ SIHTRC RE4-
/e^rrjr.—-f /ELFELN
9.
ieîîTJf.—-f
/ELIELM
14. (9^z^^rj^.—f SIHTRC
25.
26.
27.
63.
MO DYFLNM
RE+ DIFLMN
Reverse.—i- F/ENIREMIN MO DYFLI
6'^:w-i-^.—f S1HTRLRE+ DYFLNM
i?^zww.—fF/EREMIN MO DYFLI
Ci^Z'^v-J^.— 4- SIHTRCRE 4- DYFLNMI
Reverse.—^ F/EREMIN MO DYFLIN
CZrwi-^.—-^ SIHTRLRE-^
F/EREMIN
C(5'c'',v^-^.—1-
SIHTRC RE-f DIFLMNIO
(9(î't';-Jt\—f
68.
70.
71.
75.
MO DYFLN
SIHTRLRE4-
i?fw«f.—f IIDREMIN
67.
DYFLMNIO
MO DYFLM
i?fwnv^.--l-
i^«rm'.— + FIERMIN
66.
MO DYFLNMO
Oi^zw-J^.— 4- SIHTRCRE-I- DYFLI
DYFLNMO
MO DYFLN
Obverse.—i- SIHTRLRE4-DYFL0
Reverse.—i- NDREMIGLN MO DYFLI
Obverse.—h SIHTRLRE-J-DYFLM
Reverse.—i- NDREMINMOYFLIN
(9^w«^.— 4- SIHTRCRE-i- DYFLMI
Reverse.—i- NDREMIOELNM DYFLIO
Obverse.—^^\V\lViZ.UE-h DYFLNM
Reverse.—^ NDREN MODYFLGIS
Obverse.—i- 1>\V\lUUiE-h DYFLHM
OSGOT M20E0RENV
DYFLM
^ZMIUZUE-^
Obverse.—
fl,,-i,erse.—i-
77.
Re've?-se.—^
80.
81.
PVLSIGEMO LEGILES
Obverse.—i-^WMWLUE-i- DYFLNMO
Reverse.—i- DGDOAN OLVNDI
C/;w;-J£'.— 4-
MHTRLRE+ DYFLHM
Reverse.—i-riGViOMi OLVNDR
3
The Coins of
S3.
84.
CS5.
88.
96.
No.
British
Although
Museum
var.
by straight
1
Obverse.—-^ SIHTRCRE4-DYFLNM
Reverse.—i- DGDOANOLVNDRIH
Obverse.—i- SIHTRLRE-f DYFLNMO
Reverse.—i- DGDOANO LVN DYFLI
Obverse.—i- SIHTRL RE4- DYFLNM
Reverse.—i- DGOAN OLVHDRN
Obverse.—i- SIHTRLRE4-DYFLN
Reverse.—i- SIHLODIL MIEGMI
Obverse.—i- NHTRC RE4Reverse.—i- &ODERE M2STANF0
2.
Type A,
the
this coni
Catalogue, J\L\h.^rc:A
Obverse.
f.
lines
on a square
is
ending
— Bust
"
a copy of the
Hildebrand's
\ar. c;
I,
without diadem
Mr. Simon
calls this
every appearance of armour for the head
rays, standing like porcupine's quills
— Small cross pattee
Type
II.,
is
it
to k-ft dividing- legend, hair represented
in pellets
language of Dr. Ledwich,
flan,
and pointed with
the inner circle and attached to
it
of
:
within
beaded crescent with
a small
is
has
Reverse.
pearls."
around, inscription between two circles
;
it
:
number
consists of a
it
;
or in the picturesque
;
helmet a crown
convexity towards the cross pattee.
Obverse.—^ UYIII0I0H+N1
Reverse.—^ PDL0IIL4-00llin
Mr.
L.
v..
Hiberno-Danish
No.
3.
Weight, 29-6
grs.
In Mr. P. Carlyon-Britton's cabinet.
Bruun of Copenhagen
is
Obverse.
tht;
— Large coarse bust
head.
Oiiiii
.
.
.
Reverse.
in
front,
— Similar
to
from a different
respectively, are
No.
4.
a
Mr.
all in
Obverse.
set
of
No.
i,
except
grs.
and two
grs.,
137 and
weighing
dies
and a cross
Weight, I4'3
second specimen from the same dies weighs i3'8
others
is
to left dividing the legend,
that the legend consists of a scries of vertical strokes.
A
this
coin.
a crozier-shaped object with hook turned away
pattee behind
whether
doubtful
12
"5
grs.
P. Carlyon-Britton's cabinet.
— Coarse
head
vertical strokes, with three pellets
to
the
on the neck.
left
dividing
Reverse.
legend of
— .Small cross
pattde with slipt trefoil springing from each angle and with a larger
pellet
above and below
between two
circles.
it.
Around, inscription of
vertical
strokes
W'eight, i3'4 grs.
b 2
4
The Coins of
1
the
Compare Duane's
In Mr. L. E. Bruun's cabinet.
No.
Plate to Simon,
17.
No.
Reverse
Obverse
5.
Weight,
"2 grs.
1 1
No.
No. 4 but with larger head.
two larger pellets.
similar to that of
is
similar to that of No. 4 but without the
is
(piece broken
Obverse
6.
pellets, there
is
off).
similar to that of
is
a skeleton
No.
Reverse
is
but with the three pellets of each trefoil
In the
No.
Royal
Obverse
7.
No. 3 but with a
to that of
central cross pattde,
trefoil
Weight, 67
2.
of yEthelred
Hildebrand,
9.
Type
also similar
grs.
pellets
on
;
II.,
Coins 9 to
similar to that of
is
of Plate
15
British Museutn Catalogue,
— Bust
inscription
to
left,
diademed
between two
— Short cross voided,
around,
Reverse
No.
3,
I.
Type
III,
van a
;
C.
Obverse.
pommee
Reverse.
is
grs.
Class
cross
Reverse
3.
Obverse has extremely coarse head to the right dividing
8.
No.
Weight,
of three pellets on one side of the
legend of a series of vertical strokes.
Type
5,
cabinet.
and two small crescents enclosing three
Weight, 9
the opposite side.
No.
Academy's
Irish
similar to that of No.
more separated.
similar to that of No.
is
but instead of the three
hand on the neck, with the club-shaped ends
of the fingers directed upwards.
io'2 grs.
5,
with pellet
in
between two
;
in front
circles,
4.
of bust, sceptre
ZTIREDxREFL' Ox.
the centre: in the angles
+ FAZTOLO-ILFME
Weight, 247 grs. A second specimen from the same dies weighs
grs.
both in the author's cabinet.
2
Compare with Lindsay's
The next example, in the British Museum, which weighs
Plate I, 4.
LRV4-
;
1
inscription
:
27-8 grs.
may be
cast
:
Obverse.—i- ZITIRDIxLLMMcax
Reverse.—i- REOLELEO-DLFME
circles,
:
5
The Coins of
The
cabinet
following
the
specimens are
six
Mr.
in
1
Carlyon-Britton's
P.
:
6'^w;-jr.—fSITCRxDIFLME
dOX
Reverse.—^ FAZTOL'0-DIFLM/E
Weight, 22-3
grs.
Obverse.—^ $lTIRDI:cFL^VI ILdDX
Reverse.—\- /FAZTOLFO DLM
Weight, 20-9
grs.
rS
grs.
':
Obverse.—i- -.•ANEG.MDxINEROx
Weight,
Reverse.— ÔA\^Z.V\~0\FA[^Q
Obverse.—^ "ID-R xEIFLIIMMHO
J?^wrjf.— 4-ARCETEL0-DIFLMEI
2
Weight, 245
grs.
—
Obverse.
Very poor specimen.
Reverse.—i-UOELfO-D\Lf\Ê\\
Weight, 23
Obverse.— +P^\\OLO\\-^ ^0
Reverse.—h EPAOEVIIOV-G-
This
coin
last
is
Weight, 28S
grs.
of e.xtremely coarse workmanship, and there
another specimen apparently from the same dies
weiehincr onlv
grs.
2 ^'2 ers.
Mr.
L.
E. Bruun
is
in
the British
is
Museum
inclined to believe
to
it
be Norwegian or Danish.
No.
sceptre
Obverse
10.
similar to that of
bent at an acute angle.
is
except that a
letters
is
G
has two
has replaced the
Reverse
R
one on each
pellets,
in
is
No. 9 but the
similar to
CRV+ and
staff of the
that of No. 9
that
each of these
side.
Obverse.—^ lEOHEAIIOEnEIIDE
Weight, 27-8
./?ewrj't'.— 4-MElinE0HEII3ll30
In the ]5ritish
grs.
Museum.
very similar to No. 9 but the letters of the LRVX on the
reverse are retrograde very coarse and clumsy workmanship.
No.
I
is
I
:
t^/;wri-i?.— XHLINr.RIGV2
iî:tr/-J('.—
No.
left
is
with
12.
fillet,
= GM
X-D3=13MAS0dH
ObverscXxcVS,-^.
1
3
The
surrounded by a legend of vertical strokes.
legend consists of upright strokes.
No.
18-3 grs.
large and barbarously executed head to the
similar to that of No. 9 with the
Simon's Plate
Weight,
I,
14.
R
of LRVX replaccfl by a
Weight
13-2
grs.
reverse
G
:
the
Compare with
In Mr. P. C,u-l\on-Britton's cabinet.
corresponds with the British Museum Catalogue, yEthelred
II.
The Coins of
i6
Type
III,
van b
;
the
Type C, var.
pommde, in
Hildebrand,
to the right with sceptre, cross
between two
circles,
4-
22
^Vcight,
(r42
grs.
around, inscription
:
Reverse
ZITIR-DIFLIMMEL"a.
AZEF-TELG- DIFLME.
4-
Obverse has the bust
c.
front
Hke that of No.
is
gramme).
In
9,
the
Stockhohn Museum.
No. 14 is pkiced here on account of its reverse which is similar to
that of No. 9
the C and X of the LRVX are opposite each other while
the R and V are rather indistinct the legend consists of five vertical
;
;
strokes in each quarter.
The
obverse has a large cross pattee with a
short bar in two opposite angles
composed of twenty
is
I
is
no inner
vertical strokes.
circle
Weight
and the legend
In Mr.
grs.
i4'i
Compare with Simon's
No.
there
;
Plate
VII
I,
163.
a mule on a square flan with the obverse of No. 2 and
5 is
the 7-everse of No.
9.
Obverse.—^ EOIIPEDIIEIMINLO
Reverse.— Jc RFEENMON'ATNAI
It
Mr.
remarkable
is
its
great
weight
Type
a
;
Coins 16 to 25 of Plates
3.
of i^thelred
II.
No.
Obverse.
16.
— Bust
Museum
British
Type D.
Hildebrand,
in the quarters of the reverse,
the bust
;
4-
:
Whenever
Reverse.
each limb terminating
inscription with outer
beaded
and
II.
Type
Cata/ogtie,
IV,
to the left without diadem, the hair being
SIHTRCRE-^DYFLNM.
pellet in the centre
I
except the reverse of No. 25.
in pearls
a large detached pellet at the nape of the neck
by
In
grs.
40"5
There are no symbols on the bust or
represented by diverging straight lines ending
is
of
Class
var.
for
circle
:
^
F-/E
;
or pellets
the legend
— Long
there
divided
cross voided with
in three crescents
REMI
is
;
NM0
;
around,
DYFLI.
the reverse of a coin has four quarters formed by a cros's
so that the inscription can be divided into four portions,
it
has been
indicated throughout this paper by the reverse legend being divided
by
three vacant spaces,
in this coin.
i.e.,
17
the letters are given in four distinct groups as
Weight, 22
grs.
In the British
There are numerous varving legends,
Obverse.—^ 5IHTRILRE4Reverse.— ^?J^ REMI
viz.
Museum.
:
DYFLM
NMO
DYFLl
Weight,
19-1
grs.
In
the
Weight, 22-1
grs.
In
the
author's cabinet.
Obverse.—^ SIHTRCRE^-OYFLM
Reverse.—^"r/E NEMI NMO
OYHI
autiior's cabinet.
Obverse.—\- SIHTRCRExDYFLMII
Reverse.—^-'P/E REMr HMI0 DCELI
In Mr. P.
Weiglit, 21-4 grs.
Carlj'on-Britton's cabinet.
Obverse.—^ SIHTRIC- LVNVM3 DYFL
Reverse.—VQ>0 DPIH EMI0 PlUT Weight, 23-4
In the Stockholm Museum.
The
word
obverse legend of this coin
for king,
LVNVNL
is
grs. (1-52
interesting in having the
DYFM
M0E
0FRI
Weight, 21-4
grs.
Carlyon-Britton's cabinet.
I.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
Danish
instead of REX.
Obverse.—^ SIHTRILRE-!Reverse.— Jf? - -
Hildebrand
gramme).
g-ives the
following lea-ends in his book
O^wrJC.—-^ SIHTRLRE-f DYFLNl.
Reverse.—^ BIODPINE M'O DEOR.
6'^w;-.y^.—f SIHTRCRE+DYFLIN.
Reverse.—i- F/EIREMINMODYFLI.
C^t/^TJ^.—-fSIHTRC RE-I- DYFLMNO
Reverse.—i- F/EIRE MINMO DYFLl
6'<Ji'^rj£?.— ^SIHTRCRE-fDYFLNI
Reverse.—i- F/EMENLNODIEM
Obverse.—i- SIHTRCRE+DYFII
Reverse.—i- F/EMENMNODYIM
Obverse.—i- SIHTRLRE-^ DYFLIN
Reverse.—i-f/EUE^\U MODYEM
Obverse.—i- SIHTRCRE+DYFLIN
Reverse.—i- F/ENEMINMODYFLI
(9/Jz'f;-.j^.—I- SIHTRLRE+DYFII
Reverse.—i- F/ENEMINMODYFLI
:
In
Mr. P.
8
The Coins of
1
the
22.
Obverse— Jc SIHTRLRE+DYFLN
23.
Reverse.— Jc F/ENEMINMODYFLI
Cî'^rjr.—-f SIHTRILRE-fDYFM
24.
60.
61.
65.
Reverse.—i- F/ENMEONMDYFI
Obverse.—i- SIHTRILRE4-DYFLIN
Reverse.—^ F/EREMANMODYFLI
Obverse.—i- SIHTRLRE4-DYFLIN
Reverse.—i- F/ERENINMODYMI
Obverse.—i- HMTCNE+NDIIH Two
Reverse.—i- F/ERIIIMNONFIN
Obverse.—i- SlHTRILRE-f DYFLIN
Reve7se.—i-
72.
76.
78.
79.
86.
GOLDSTEGNMCODYFLl
Obverse.—i- SIHTRCRE+DYFLNI
Reverse.—i- SIELODYFLNIEIMTN
C^w^rJt'.— 4.SIHTRLRE4-DYFLMI
Reverse.—h STEORCERMIEOFR
Obverse.—i- SIHTRLRE4-DYFLNMO
Reverse.—i- OSGVHMOqLINO
Obverse.—h SISHTRILDIFLINE
Reverse.—h ZTEINBITONLINE
Obverse.—i- SIHTRCRE4- DYFLNM
7?tw;'j^.—
+ GIOOMANMOLVNI
87. C^z'C^j^.—i-SIHTRCRE+EDYELM
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
97.
98.
Reve7'se.—i-
LYFINCMGOLVND
Obvei-se.—i-
SIHTRLRE+DYFLNI
Reverse.—^ LEIFDOOMOOON
Obverse.—h ZIHTRIELNVT/EL
Reverse.—i- t>VLFt>lNEM<=OONOXN
Obverse.—i- SIHTRCRE-J-DYFLNM
Reverse.—i- BIRHTIODM<=ORINI
Obverse.—h SIHTRCRE+DYFLNM
Reverse.—i- BYRHTIODMORINI
Obverse.—i- SIHTRLREX DYFLIN
Reverse.—i- BYRHTIOOMLORINI
Obverse.—^ SIHTRCREXDYFLNIM
Reverse.—^ BYRHTIOOM^ÔRINl
Obverse.—i- SIHTRHRE+OYFLMNO
Reverse.—h BYRMTIODMORMN
Obverse.—i- SIHTRLRE+DYFLNI
Reverse.—i- DiODLEOt>M'=OSTAN
Obverse.—h $IHTRLRE+DYFN
Reverse.—i- GOIPINE MOQ t>ILTI
pellets in front of face
The Coins of
99.
100.
1.
Obverse.—^
Reverse.—^
Obverse.—^
Reverse.—^
Obverse.—^
Reverse.—^
the
19
CVNVIGDYN
BYRHTMERMnt>IN
SIHTRIC
SIHTRIL
LVNVNCDYFL
BODPINEM<=Ot>INT
SISIGRE-J-AIGLSIO
F/EREMN M<=ODYFLI
2.
Obvei-se.—Jc SISIGRE4-AIGLSIO
3.
Reverse.—i- STIRLARM-0
Obverse.—i- SISIGRE-J-AIGLSIO
Reverse.—i- VNNVLFMO EOFR
same type have yEthelred II.'s
name on the obverse with the iXibHn moneyer's name on the reverse
Another
series of legends of the
;
they are
:
Obverse.—i- -/EDELREDRE^-AIG-Q
Reverse.—i-V/E REMI NM'O DYFLI
Weight,
24-8
grs.
In
the
author's cabinet.
Another from the same dies
and weighs
367.
372.
373.
375.
T)77.
So
far
The
21 grs.
is
in
Mr.
Carlyon-Britton's cabinet
P.
following are in Hildebrand's book
:
Obverse.—i- /EDELR/EDREXAN
Reverse.—i- EDRILMODYF
Obverse.—i- /EDELR/EDREXAIGIO
Reverse.—i- F/EREMINMODYFL
Obverse.—i- /EDELR/EDREXANGLOV
Reverse.—h F/EREMiNMODYFL
Obverse.—h /EOELR/EDREXANBO
Reverse.—\- F/EREMINMODYFLI
Obverse.—i- /EDELUE-i- A\CL[A\0\
Reverse.—i- F/EREMNMODYFLI
we have had decipherable
legends,
we now come
to a series
blundered and unintelligible inscriptions.
Obverse.— OELDLOWODOW
Reverse.
—
l-J-
13
L'30
Two specimens in Mr. P. Carlyon
weighing 24'6 and 21 '2 grs. respectively.
+NF DLO
Britton's cabinet
Obverse.— QUDE\AOUE\-.
Reverse.— 0\n UIV. 301
Helsingfors
1+:
.NLI
Weight, 26
Museum, found
at
grs.
Reso
(r68 gramme).
in 1834.
The
The Coins of
20
the
C/Jwrj^.— L0-}-E0PLl-ÔHLE0
Weight, 20-9
-I-LF OF DA NT
Revej-se.
—
grs.
C(5i'^rjf.— OLPLDEO-^LEOFI
Reverse.
—
lUH
lll-f
DN
&lt
Weight, 19
l-f
lOF
Weight,
grs.
Obverse.— QQ)V\\\
—
Reverse.
01
E0
Mr.
P.
4-
25-8
The above
grs.
three
in
C^w;-.y('.— ^--ECIDIGR-EIIMOXI
Reverse.
— 4-01
EAT LIAQ LEO
Weight, 26-8
In
grs.
the
author's
cabinet.
M Wv^l^DO
Obverse.—-^ NClbCL
Reverse.
— ;04-0
IILI
No.
I
The
7.
Weight, 26-5
llll
Helsingfors
Museum, found
grs.
gramme).
(171
In
at Reso, 1834.
obverse has a smaller head, the usual indication
of
the hair by straight lines being replaced by a peculiarly beaded helmet
with peak; otherwise similar to No.
16.
6'iîwj£'.— nBDTIVOCDHF
Reverse.—^^-Z HI0 RT OHI
Weight,
29-8
In
grs.
the
author's
cabinet.
There
is
another specimen from the same dies
who
Mr. L. E. Bruun,
No. iS
is
No.
like
ordinary weight of
believes
5
8
16,
it
but
the cabinet of
in
to
be Danish or Norwegian.
is
on a square
flan
;
it
has the extra-
'4 grs.
Obverse.— \Jd^ÔPUÔWJLQi
Reverse.—h EO LPL 0CF ENO
This
is
in
Mr.
Carlyon-Britton's cabinet which contains the two
P.
following similar coins
:
Obi'erse.—hT-^1\Q-i-TCE:Q-{-
Reverse.— QEL
ITOI
Weight, 485
LF" l-E^
grs.
C/;wri-^.— OELPrOCPHDLH
Reverse.
—
01
-f
LH
OEL GPL
On
a flan
sides.
Weight,
Helsingfors
Museum
of seven
37"4 grs-
A
fourth specimen, like the
and was found
at
Obverse.—
Reso,
first
two,
is
in the
in 1834.
BEQUOEODPQPl
Reverse.—h
III
OIP
+111
0DI
Weight, 37
grs. (2-40
grammes).
The Coins of
No.
Obverse
19.
the
similar to
is
No. 16 with the addition of a
Y
opposite the forehead and a figure like an inverted
the
neck.
{• F-/E
SIHTRCREO-I-DYMNO.
4-
MEN MN0
No. 20
pellet at the
at the
nape of
i&
;
In the author's cabinet.
g-rs.
V
above the
nape of the neck.
Obverse.—-^
Reverse.
—
4-
SIHTRILLVHVI&DYFL
BYR HIME RMQ 0DIN
Weights, 23-3
grs. (1-51
and 23-4 grs. (1*52 gramme), both from same
Stockholm Museum.
No. 21
1
pellet
of No.
that
like
is
similar to
is
Reverse
Weight, 23-8
BlEM.
1
is
similar to No. 16 with
gramme)
and in
dies
the addition of a crozier- shaped
figure behind the neck, with crook turned towards the bust.
Obverse.—^ SIHTREREDxDMN
Reverse.
—
-f
/EIL RINE IIIOL
VND
Weight, 197
In
gr.s.
the
author's
cabinet.
No. 22
is
similar to
large pellet surrounded
No. 16 with the addition behind the neck of a
by numerous small
pellets.
Obverse.—^ SIHTRLRE-fEDYELlI
VND
Weight,
Stockhohn ]\Iuseum.
Reverse.— ^LS"? INC MIOL
In the
No. 23
is
above and below
Obverse.—^ NITRCRE+NFNH
Reverse.— ^'lA'E INE NY0 NEI
Academy's
is
grs.
(1-25
gramme).
similar to No. 16 with the addition behind the neck of a
cross pattee with a pellet
No. 24
18-5
it.
Weight,
132
grs.
The Royal
Irish
cabinet.
similar to No. 16 with the addition of an annulet at the
nape of the neck.
Obverse.—^ /EDELRE-fANCMENI
AVwvjT.— P/E Ml/EN
{-
MM0 OYEN
Weight, i/S
In the British
grs.
Museum.
No. 25
is
similar to
No. 26 with a large
pellet
in
one of the
quarters of the reverse.
Obverse.—^ DEPYEPEXAPEG O
4- DC EIHI OOC M0I
Weight, 298
the Stockholm Museum.
Reverse.
—
grs. (1-9
grammes).
In
The Coins of
22
Class
Type
a
var.
;
Coins 26 to 30 of Plate
4.
of ^thelred
Hildebrand's
the
Type D.
is
the
;
similar to
Type
IV,
so-called
Thynms
coinage.
Simon and
a Donald King of Monaghan.
a rare variety which has been attributed by
Lindsay without the slightest foundation
It is
Catalogice,
Without and with symbols on the
neck of the bust and on the reverse
No. 26
Museum
British
II.,
II.
No. 16 except
for the
to
legend on the obverse, and
it
and
the following ten coins are classified
by Hildebrand as the coinage of
King Thymn, although nothing
known
is
of
him except by these
coins
Obverse.—h DYMNR-0E4-MNEOE
Reverse.—i-¥\E NEMI NM0 DIMI
Weight,
21
grs.
In
Mr.
L.
E.
Bruun's cabinet.
Hildebrand gives the following
I.
3.
4.
5.
8.
9.
10.
11.
list
of these coins
;
Obverse.—i- CYMNROE+MNEM
Reverse.—i- /EDLRNIEM<=OGROI
Obverse.—i- DYMNROE+MNEGHM
Reverse.—i- EMIRNIEMIDIMNO
Obverse.—^ OYMNROE-fMNEGMI
Reverse.—i- EMIRNIEMIOIMND
Obverse.—^ OYMNROE-fMNEGM
Reverse.—i- EMIRNIEMiOLVND
Obverse.—i- OYMNROE4-MNEGMI
Reverse.—i- F/EMIENMNODYEM
Obverse.—i- OYMNROE+MEGISNM
Reverse.—i- F/EMENIMNOOIEM
Obverse.—i- OYMNROE-fMNEGMI
Reverse.—h F/ENEMINM'ÔBYEN
6'iî'«'j^.— 4-
OYMNROE+MNEGMI
Reverse.—h F/EREMINMODYFLI
13.
C^zwi-^.— 4-
OMNROEOERMNO
yv^tw.s-^.— LEIFSTEMNOSEMI
14.
Obverse.
Reverse.
The
legend
— + DYMN
— VLFE
following
-
coin
-
is
-
-
Fras^ntent.
similar
to
No.
22
but
has
Thymn's
Pl.ATK
II.
The Coins of
t!ie
Obverse.—^ OYMNROE4-MNEGII
Reverse.— ^^V\\ RNIE MIOI .VND
Weight,
18-4
grs.
23
In the author's
cabinet.
Compare with Duane's
No. 27
is
Plate to Simon,
very similar to the
i.
described coin, with the addition
last
of a small cross botonê in one quarter of the reverse.
Obverse.—^ OYMNR0E4-1IHEDII
Reverse.— ^^V\\ RNIE MI0I VND
Weight,
19-4
grs.
In
the
British
Museum.
No. 28
is
similar to No. 26 but with three widely separated pellets
on the king's neck, and there
a V-shaped figure composed of three
V
behind the neck, the point of the
pellets joined,
On
towards the bust.
in
is
being directed
the reverse there are two small crosses botonees
opposite angles of the cross.
Obverse.— Jf
Reverse.
—
4-
OYMNROE^-MNEBMI
MEMI NMO OYFL
Weight, 20-6
F-/E
grs.
In the author's
cabinet.
There
is
weighs i8'4
a very
similar coin in the
grs. (i'lS
Stockholm Museum which
gramme).
No. 29 is similar to No. 26 with an object, somewhat like a bow
and arrow without the string, behind the neck the tip of the arrow is
:
directed upwards and ends in a pellet.
Obverse.—^ DYMNR0E+MNEGI
Reverse.—^^V\\ RNIE MIOI MND Weight,
In the Stockholm Museum.
There
is
^•EMI
RNIE
0MN
0VIL
Weight,
gramme).
Stockholm Musetmi with a
a second specimen in the
variation of the reverse legend as follows
20-8 grs. (1-35
:
17-8 grs.
(114 gramme).
Copenhagen Mu.seum is an almost e.xact copy of No.
probably from the same dies, which weighs 21 grs. (i'37 gramme).
In the
No. 30
more
like
differs
from No. 29
an anchor, or
if it is
in
the figure
meant
for a
29,
behind the head being
bow and
arrow, the head of
24
the latter does not project beyond the former
below
figure terminates
this
:
in a pellet.
Obverse.—^ OMNR0EOERIINO
FSTE MN0 SEMI Weight, 20
-^ LEL
In the Stockholm ]\Iu.seum.
Reverse.
—
Class
Type
5.
of .Ethelred
II.,
without symbols
in the
British
Museum
With symbols on
Type D.
Hildebrand,
grs.
(1-3
gramme).
II.
Type
Catalogue,
IV, van a
;
the neck of the bust but
Xo. 31 brings us back to the Sihtric
coins.
It is
similar to
No. 16
but has a pellet on the king's neck.
Obverse—i- SIHTRICRE-^DYFLIM
Reverse.— -i-^/E REMI NMO DYFLI Weight,
In the Stockhohn Museum.
No. 32
is
similar to
No.
16,
18-5 grs.
(r22 grammes).
with a plain cross opposite the kings
face and another plain cross on the neck, with a pellet behind the head.
Obverse.—i- /EDELREDREÂIQ
F-/E NEMI NMIG DYFLI
Reverse.
—
-i-
Weight, 20-9
grs.
In the British
Museum.
There
2
2
"2
grs.
No.
is
a similar coin in Mr. P. Carlyon-Britton's cabinet weighing
Compare Simon's
T,2>
's
Plate II, 29.
similar to No. 16, but there
small pellet below
in front of the king's face.
it,
a large pellet on the neck and another behind
Obverse.—hU
Reverse.—i- I
In addition there
it.
N1Y0
Academy's cabinet.
IE
less
Weight, 19
than one-half of No.
16, to
grs.
In the Royal
which
it
except for a cross pattee on the king's neck, and a quatrefoil
pellets
is
RLRE^-NFHM
-
Irish
No. 34 weighs
a cross-Calvary with a
is
is
similar
of four
behind his head.
Obverse.
Reverse.
—0%
^
— +1110
llllllllll
lllll
cabinet.
DIIIF
L-IIL
dHL
Weight, 8
grs.
In Mr. L. E. Bruun's
The Coins of
Class
Type
Coins 35 to 49 of Platk
6.
of /Ethelred
the
II.,
No
Type D.
one or more
pellets in each quarter of the reverse.
No. 35
king's head,
is
differs
Type
IV, var. a
;
symbols on the neck of die bust but with
from No. 16
and a small
II.
British Museum. Catalogue,
Hildebrand,
25
in
having a cross pattee behind the
There
each arm of
each quarter of the reverse.
pellet in
also a pellet in the central crescent at the extremity ot
the voided cross.
SIHTRCRE+DYFLM
Obverse.—-^
Reverse.—^S^^
LTM0
NAM
DIFLI
Weight, 20-9
In the author's
grs.
cabinet.
The
followinof are also in the
same cabinet
:
Obverse.— Jc SIHTRLRE-fOIFUVIC
Reverse.—^H/E IIED DICIb OIEL
(9(^^rj^.—
Reverse.
—
Weight, 197
YFIHTRHRExDI
F/E REMI NM0 DYFLI
=1
-h-
Weight, 227
grs.
grs.
Obverse.—^ SlHTRCRE-fDYFLQ
Reverse.
The
Mr.
—
STE
-f-
following
NGM 0DYF
similar
LINR
coins
P. Carlyon-Britton's cabinet
Weight, 163
with
—
in
varying
(chipped)
legends
Weight,
37.
Obverse.—\Reverse.— Jf
Obverse.—^
Reverse.—^
in
19-3 grs.
Weight, 17-6
grs.
Weight, 21-9
grs.
Weight, 191
grs.
the British iVIuseum weighs
213
SIHTRLRE4-DYFL
F/tREMINMÔDYFLI
SIHTRLRE-l-DYFLI
F/EREMINMODYFLI
Another speci-
grs.
Hildebrand gives also the following of the same type
36.
are
:
Obverse.—^ SIHTRCRE4-DYFLMI
Reverse.—^ STE NGM ODYF LYNI
Obverse.—^ SIHTRCRE-^DIFL
Reverse.—^^V\\ REN MHO LIEU
Obverse.—^ SIHTRCRE-J-DYFLI
Reverse.— .^?rE: REMI NM10 DYFLI
Obverse.—^ SIHTRLRE4-DYFLNI
Reverse.
-f F/E REMI NHO DYFLI
men
grs.
:
The Coins of
26
38.
the
Danish Kinc^s of Ireland.
Obverse.—^ SIHTRCRE+DYFINI
Reverse.-—^ F/EREMINM=ODYFLI
39.
Obverse.—^ SIHTRICRE+DYFLMN
Reverse.~Jc F/EREMINM'ODYFLI
40. Obverse.—-^ SIHTRICRE-fDYFLl
Reverse.— Jc F/EREMINM'ODYFLI
41.
42.
43.
44.
56.
57.
58.
59.
62.
69.
72.
74.
Obverse.—i- ZIHTRERE+DYFLINC
Reverse.—i- F/EREMIIM MODYFLI
Obverse.—i- SIHTRILREXDYFLM
Reverse.—i- F/ERENINMODYFLI
Obverse.—h SIHTRCREXDYFLM
Reverse.—i- F/EREMINMODYFLI
Obverse.—^ SIHTRLREXDYFLMI
Reverse.—i- F/EREMINMÔDYFLI
Obverse.—i- SIHTRCRE^-DYFLM
Reverse.—i- F/EREMINMODYILI
Obverse.—i- INTRLRE-^LIENC
Reverse.—i- F/EREMINMODYFI
Obverse.—\- ^\KJUr.UE DM
Reverse.—i- F/EREMNMODYFL
Obverse.—i-^MlRZ.'RE-i-QWFLn
Reverse.—i- F/EREMNMODYFL
C/w«'J('.— + NITRCRE-J-NDN
Reverse.—i- F/ERNENFODNII
Obverse.—h IHITRLRE4-DYFLI
Reverse.—i- NDREMINMODYFN
Obverse.—i- S\HTRr.RE-i-DYFLt^
Reverse.—i- SIVLTMODIFLINAM
Obverse.—i- SIHTRLRE+DYFLM
Reverse.—i- STENGMODYFLINR
36 has a small additional cusp at
No.
the
end of the upper
•extremity of the cross pattee behind the king's head
otherwise
;
it
is
No. 35 except that there is no pellet in the centre of the
voided cross on the reverse, nor in the central large crescent at the
similar to
extremity of each of
its
arms.
Obverse.—h SIHTRLRE-!-DYFLMo
>}• STE
NGM ODYF LINR
Reverse.
—
Weight, 219
grs.
In the author's
cabinet.
Exactly similar coins are
and
in
the Stockholm
in the British
Museum weighing
Museum weighing 207
i8"5
grs.
grs.,
(r25 gramme).
:
The Coins
Another
of ike
similar specimen, except that
voided cross on the reverse,
is
it
has a pellet
in the
27
centre of the
Mr. P. CarK on-Britton's caliinct with
in
this legend.
Obverse.—i- SIHTRCRE4-DYFL
Reverse.—^ F7E REMI NMO DYFLI
No.
i"]
differs
from No. 35
Weight, 20-5
having a
in
pellet
grs.
above and below the
cross pattee behind the king's bust, as in No. 23.
Obverse.—^ INTRCRE-j-HErc
Reverse.— JsrVPE: REM MHO
No.
in
similar to
I'i is
Weight,
DIFI
In the Stockholm
i8-2
grs.
(ri8 gramme).
Museum.
No. 35 except
in
having the
pellets duplicated
two adjacent quarters of the reverse.
Obverse.—^ IMTRLRE4-IDFHI
Reverse.— QQQ QiQM OQIS
MYI+
Weight, 142
grs.
In
the author's
cabinet.
No. 39
is
similar to
No.
35
but a cross botonee replaces the
cross pattee behind the king's head.
Obverse.—^ SIHTRLRE+DYFLM
Reverse.—\-VrE. REMh NMO DYFLI
Weight, 22-6
grs.
This coin as well as the following three similar specimens are
in
the author's cabinet
Obverse.—=c SIHTRLRE+DYFLMI
—
—
Reverse.
4-
CA RMN ODYF LINR
Weight, 20-4
Obverse.—^ JIHTRCRE-fOYFLMN
4- tO DRIC MNO DYFLI
Reverse.
Obverse.—^ SIHTRCRE4-DYFLM:
Reverse.— Jc'PrE REMI NMO DYHI
Weight, 22
grs.
grs.
•
No. 40
Weight, 197
grs.
No. 39 with the addition of three pellets
behind the king's head, above the cross botonee.
similar to
is
—
—
Obverse.
4-
HITRLRE-l-NDN
Reverse.
4-
F/E
RUE NFO DhUI
the Stockholm
Weight,
Museum.
17-2 grs.
(ri2 gramme).
In
The Coins of
28
the
Danish KinQS of Ireland.
No. 41 is similar to 39, with the addition of one pellet in front of
the kings face, and an additional pellet in one of the quarters of the
reverse.
Obverse.—^ INTRERE-fNFIH
IFiHL IIVO
4- FH
Reverse.
—
D'lN
\\'eight,
14-9
grs.
13-3
grs.
author's
In
the
In
the author's
cabinet.
A
second specimen has a different legend.
Obverse.— HNTRCRE4-IIHIReverse.—^V\^\ RNEl IIIIO
lEIT
Weight,
cabinet.
No. 42
from No. 41
differs
in
having two
pellets
front of the
in
king's face and the pellets on the reverse increased to three in two
opposite quarters, and to two in the third quarter.
Obverse.—^ H -UTRCRE-J-HYH
Reverse.—\'\VyEi RIEL HN0 DHH
Weight, 18-4
In
grs.
the
author's
cabinet.
No. 35 with a pyramid of three pellets
replacing the cross pattee behind the king's head and with two pellets
No. 43
in
is
similar
to
two adjacent quarters of the reverse.
CZ'irr.rt'.—
Reverse. —
No. 44
is
HMLRCRr+DHN
UN HRH 10 DIFI
Weight,
•{-
iQ-zl
grs.
No. 35 with a peculiar beaded annulet enclosing
handle above it, replacing the cross pattee behind
similar to
pellet with vertical
the neck.
Obverse.—i- IHTRICRE4-HDN
Reverse.—i- FIE RIME IIMU
III!
Weight, 167
grs.
In
Mr. P. Carlyon-
Britton's cabinet.
No. 45 only
differs
from No. 35
in
having an unbarred A instead
of a cross pattee behind the king's neck.
Obverse.—i- SIHTRCRE-f DYFL
Reverse.—h^'\\ REIR NM0 DYFLt Weight, 19
Academy's cabinet.
A
similar coin in the British
Museum weighs
grs.
In the Royal Irish
23 grs.
The Coins of
No. 46
like
is
Xo.
the
45, but the
unbarred A
is
29
inverted behind the
neck.
Obverse.—^ SIHTRLRE-fDYf
Reverse.— ^?/E REM NM0 DYFL
Weight, 16
In the Royal Irish
grs.
Acaclem\-'s cabinet.
No. 47
is
similar to
Xo. 45, but the unbarred a
is
placed
in
front
of the king's face.
Obverse.— ^\M\
Reverse.
— 4-NC
NDII
Rl-D IIN0
Weight, 147
Dllll
grs.
In the Royal Irish
.Academy's cabinet.
No. 48
is
similar to Xo. 35, with a reversed letter
and with the
cross pattee behind the neck,
letter
Y
S
instead of the
in front of the
face.
Obverse.—^ SIHTRLRE+DYFI
Reverse.
—
4-
F/E
Irish
REM NM0
Academy's
DYFL'
Weight,
In the Royal
19-5 grs.
cabinet.
from Xo. 35 in having a well-formed hand with the
fingers directed upwards, palm facing, and the wrist, terminating below
No. 49
differs
in a pellet, in the place of the cross pattee
Obverse.— Jc NHTCRE-J-NMOHNCI
Reverse.—^?/E REH NM0 N0III
behind the king's head.
Weight,
In Mr. P. Carlyon-
17-3 grs.
Britton's cabinet.
Class
Type
Coins 50 to 60 of Plates
7.
of ^thelred
Hildebrand,
Type D.
II.,
is
and
British Museiim Catalogue,
Symbols on neck of
obverse, with a single pellet
No. 50
II
bust,
and
III.
Type
IV, var. a
;
in the field of the
in
No. 35 with a ring ornament, i.e., an annulet
on the neck no symbol behind the neck.
similar to
enclosing a pellet,
;
Obverse.—\Reverse.— ^
5IHTRCRE4-IIIIII
mm
I1II0
lllll
Academy's
Weight,
17-5
grs.
In the Royal Irish
cabinet.
c
2
The Coins of
30
The
following
Is
the
a similar coin
:
Obverse.—h MMTRCR114-HDNN
Reverse.— -i- IFH IIIH HH0 IFNE
Weight, i6
In Mr. P. Carlyon
grs.
Britton's cabinet.
No. 51
is
similar to No. 35 with a
T-shaped
figure placed obliquely
on the neck.
Obverse.—i- ZIHTRLRE4-DYF
Weight,
-^ F/E REMI NMO DIFL
In Copenhagen Museum.
Reverse.
No. 52
is
—
185
grs.
(r20 gramme).
similar to No. 35 with a trefoil on the neck.
Obverse.—h ZHITRLRE+DY
Weight, 20
-h FE REM IN0 DNE
Reverse.
—
Compare with Lindsay's Supplement,
No. 53 only
differs
from No. 52
in
In the author's cabinet-
grs.
Plate
I,
3.
having a cross botonee instead
of a cross pattee behind the king's neck.
Obverse.—^ ZIIITRLRE-fDY
Reverse.
—
F/E
4-
REM
Academy's
No. 54
is
IN0
DNE
Weight, 22-5
In the Royal Irish
grs.
cabinet.
similar to No. 35 with an inverted
pellets joined, instead of the cross pattee
composed of three
behind the neck
second similar inverted V, with pellet above
Plate
\,
;
there
is
a
on the neck.
it,
Obverse.—h NITRLRE-f DNI
Reverse.—i-WE IIEII HII0 IIIM Weight, 19
Academy's cabinet.
Compare Lindsay's Supplement,
V
grs.
In
the
Royal
Irish
4.
No. 55 is like No. 35 with a pyramid of three pellets on the neck
behind the neck is a peculiar object resembling a hand sickle with the
;
convexity of the blade directed downwards and the handle away from
the bust.
—
R - - lOM'E - - ON
Reverse.—ir\H RDI 0MR 0IILI Weight, 16
Academy's cabinet.
Obverse.
-i-
grs.
In the Royal Irish
^^^
^^^.
Platk hi.
The Coins of
No. 56
the
3
1
No. 39 with a quatrefoil composed of two ovoids
placed cross-wise, the one over the other, on the king's neck.
like
is
Obverse.—^ lHITRILRE-fllDII
Reverse.—^WVEl RIYE MM0 IFIM
Weight,
In the Copenhagen Museum.
No. 57
two
pellets
(r22 gramme).
grs.
No. 35 with the addition of a cross pattee between
like
is
i8-6
on the neck.
Obverse.—^ INREDRE+H-H
Reverse.
—
-f
HE RME
INI0 DIR-
Academy's
No. 58
is
Weight, 17
In the Royal Irish
grs.
cabinet.
nearly similar to No. 53
neck are longer and there are three
;
the limbs of the trefoil on the
pellets
behind the head, above the
cross botonee.
Obverse.—^ HITRLRE4-DYFLI
Reverse.—^VfEi REM HNI'O DNFL Weight,
Cadyon-
In Mr. P.
17-6 grs.
Britton's cabinet.
No. 59 is like No. 35, the only difference being a
neck and another pellet behind the head.
Obverse.—^ LH-HTRHFE^-DIFL
Reverse.—^y/^ REM 1N0 DYFL
Weight,
18
on the
pellet
In
grs.
the
Bntish
Museum.
No. 60
drawn with
ends
is
like
No.
35,
but
is
five fingers directed
in a pellet
;
in
remarkable
for
upwards on the
having a hand
king's neck
;
fairly well
each finger
addition there are a cross botonee and a
trefoil
of
three pellets in front of the nose and forehead.
WWH
Obverse.—^ IIINNNN
Reverse.— QWW UN IIIIH
Academy's
Class
Type
a
;
8.
of ^-Ethelred
Hildebrand,
IIIN
\\'cight,
137
In
grs.
II.,
Type D.
the
Royal
Irish
cabinet.
III.
British AInscum Catalogue,
There
is
a peculiar
J -like
obverse either behind or on the neck of the king's bust
pellets in the quarters of the reverse.
;
Type
figure
IV, var.
on the
with or without
:
The Coins of
32
No. 6 1
neck, there
much
No.
like
is
Danish Kings
the
35, but Instead
of Ireland.
of the cross pattee behind the
a pecuHar object resembling most the letter
is
curled up and directed towards the king's neck
of the J -figure
ornamented by a
is
trefoil
Obverse.—^ IMITRCRE+NFLH
4- RH
Reverse.
EIDI IPCQ HRI
—
J
with
its tail
the top or head
;
of three pellets.
Weight,
16-9
In
grs.
the
author's
cabinet.
Compare with
A
the Editors' Plate to Simon,
similar coin from the
same
dies
in
6.
Mr.
P.
Carlyon-Britton's
cabinet weighs i4'4 grs.
The
following two similar coins with different legends are in the
author's cabinet
Obverse.—\- IMTRCRE-1-IDIFHI
^W
Reverse.—
RiM NM0 DFH
Obverse.—^ IHTRLRE-J-IDIFHI
Weight, 217
Reverse.—^\\A
Weight,
No. 62
is
RIFII
similar to
HIIO DILI
grs.
iS'i grs.
pellet in front of
the king's forehead.
Obverse.—^
HMTRI-J- IIIIDE
Reverse.
HE Rm
—
-j-
the
No. 63
is
+110 DNI
Weight, 2r2
similar to No. 61, with a cross pattee
Obverse.—^ IMITRER^-IDIFI
Reverse.—i- NFI RNE HMO DNN
Academy's cabinet.
No. 64
grs.
from No. 61,
differs
(1-38
gramme).
In
Copenhagen Museum.
in
Weight, 19
grs.
on the neck.
In
having the peculiar
the Royal Irish
J -like
object on
the neck, giving the appearance of the king wearing a large pendent
ear-ring,
and
in
having two pellets
Obverse.—i-
IINTIRHE-fllDIIH
Reverse.
F/E
—
4-
Rill
HIIO
the Stockholm
Compare with
Supplement, Plate
the
I,
i.
Nllll
in front of the face.
Weight,
18
grs.
(I'lSS
gramme).
In
Museum.
Editors'
Plate to
Simon,
5,
and Lindsay's
The Coins of
No. 65 only
the
from No. 64
differs
in
33
having a cross pattee beliind
the neck.
Obverse.—^ NNTBRE4Reverse.—^V/E NRR HHO N Academy's cabinet.
No. 66
is
Weight,
-
In the Ro\al Irish
14-5 grs.
very Hke No. 64, but has instead of the two pellets
botonee and three pellets above
front ot the face, a cross
it,
in
behind
the head.
Obverse.—\- MNTRCRE-MDFIII
Reverse.—^m HIO HHO IIIIO
Weight,
17
the
In
grs.
Royal
Irish
Acaclem)''s cabinet.
Cl.-vss
Type
a
;
9.
of /Ethelred
II.,
The
Type D.
Hildebrand,
Britisli
Museum
III.
Catalogue,
Type
IV, var.
crown, on the obverse and
letter E, or
reverse.
No. 67
like
is
No.
61, but has a figure like the letter
limbs pointing upwards, on the king's neck
;
there
is
E
with the
a similar E-like
object instead of a pellet in one quarter of the reverse with the limbs
directed towards the centre of the coin.
(9iJz/^;'i-c.— 3IITIIRID1RII0IIII ) -^
Reverse.—^ MIO
OIRII
OINI
EIIEI
Weight, 9-4
grs.
In
the
British
Museum.
No. 68
is
similar to
No. 67 without the
J
-object behind the head.
Obverse.~Y. INITINl-MHEIIO
Reverse.
—
-i-
INI
ENI ONI EINI
Weight,
Comj)are Lindsay's .Supplement, Plate
coin with the
same legends, but from
Britton's cabinet
No. 69
is
and weighs 8*9
similar to
(annulet enclosing
j)ellct)
9-5 grs.
I,
An
18.
diflerent dies,
is in
exactly similar
Air. P.
Carlyon-
grs.
No. 68 with the addition of a ring ornament
behind the king's head
;
on the reverse, the
The Coins of
34
Danish Kings of Irelana.
the
limbs of the voided cross end abruptly short of the legend, the usual
three crescents at each extremity of the cross being absent.
Obverse.—^ miRRNIlRdANRE;;P
Reverse—^P\1\JP RILON YMHI MOIMI
Weight,
ID'S
In
grs.
the
author's cabinet.
where the coin
is
similar to No. 69, but the limbs of the voided cross
on
Plate
15,
I,
attributed to Sihtric IV., a.d. 1034.
No. 70
is
the reverse end as usual in three crescents.
Obverse.—^ MURNMRDIINRE+II
Reverse.—^ IMD EII0I OIINI LIND
Weight, 8-9
In Mr. P. Carlyon-
grs.
Britton's cabinet.
similar coins are also in
Plate
L
The two
16.
Mr. P. Carlyon-Britton's cabinet
following
:
Obverse.—b MIIRNIIRIIINRE^-I
Reverse.— ^-KW^ IIII3 IIIIIG 10113 Weight, 9-6 grs.
Obverse.— Jc HURNMRDIINRE+II
Ellll OIHD Ellll
Weight, S'S grs.
Reverse.—^
Class
Type
a
in
;
10.
Coins 71 to 83 of Plates III and IV.
of /Ethelred
Hildebrand,
II.,
Type D.
British Mitscuni Catalogue,
No symbols on
Type
IV, var.
neck of bust but with symbols
most cases on the reverse.
No. 71
reverse a
is
like
trefoil,
No. 35 but without symbols on the obverse
or triquetra,
composed of three
;
on the
interlacing ring orna-
ments, replaces the pellet in one quarter.
Obverse.— QVc.\\V{-\'Wm\'\\\\\
Reverse.—i- Ml 9HI
dlHIII
02111
Weight,
lO'S
grs.
In
the
British
Museum.
No. 72
is
similar to No. 71 with the addition of
of the king's face.
two
pellets in front
The Coins of
the
Danish Kings
oj Ireland.
35
Obverse.— -^r IIMITIINDMRIMDO
Reverse.—i'\Wi 6HI
0211
dlMIII
Weight, \vg
In Mr. P. Carlyon
grs.
Brltton's cabinet.
Another specimen from the same
weighs
1 1
No.
"4
The
the adchtion of a
object
;
obverse
a barbarous copy of that of No. 16 with
is
or trlquetra,
trefoil,
the reverse
composed of three annulets
No.
also like that of
is
;
in front
16 with a peculiar
resembling a pair of short bladed scissors
quarters
cabinet,
grains.
']2^.
of the head
same
the
dies, also in
two opposite
in
the handles of the scissors are directed outwards towards the
circumference of the coin.
Obverse.— \\\\1^\\\
Reverse.— m\
lllll
No. 74
is
similar to
Weight,
Mill
lllll
Academy's
12-2
In
grs.
the
Royal
Irish
cabinet.
No. 16 with a plain cross
in
one quarter and a
pellet in the opposite tjuarter of the reverse.
Obverse.—^- lIHOENCXICIIh
Reverse.—^\\(b ISE: OEO
LVII
Weight,
IQ'I
grs.
In
the
author's
cabinet.
No. 75
similar to
is
No. 16 with the addition of a cross
two opposite quarters of the
patttê in
reverse.
<9-5irrj^.— bWHYN^-NDCnnOOIl
Reverse.
— LOU
llllll
NOC
H-ft-
the Helsingfors
This coin was found
at
Weight, 22
Reso, Finland,
in
is
gramme).
(1-43
In
1834.
No. 75 but the king's head
are the two crosses pattees on the reverse.
No. 76
grs.
Museum.
like
is
much
larger
and so
Obverse.Reverse.—\\\\\
lllll
lllll
lllll
Weight, 14-9
grs.
In Mr. P. Carlyon-Britton's
cabinet.
No.
"]"]
is
similar to No. 75 but with a cross pattee in
two adjacent
o6
The Coins of
.
the
Obverse.— Jc EEHOHl-Lr&PFH QOI
Reverse— QOOO
llllllll
ll-l-ll
hDM
In the Helsingfors
This coin was found
Weight, 27-3
grs.
(177 gramme).
Museum.
at Nastola, Finland, in 1865.
No. 78 is similar to No. 16 but has in addition a figure like a
hooked walking stick, or crozier, in front of the king's bust, the crook
On the reverse,
or top being directed towards the margin of the coin.
two opposite quarters, are single pellets, while in the other two
quarters are respectively, a ring ornament and a four cusped crown, the
in
having the cusps directed away from the centre of the
latter
Obverse.— WWW
Reverse.— WW Mil
Mil
llll
Weight, 15
grs.
coin.
In the Royal Irish
Academy's
cabinet.
79 only
No.
from No. 16
differs
in
having two large
pellets
in
opposite quarters of the reverse.
Obverse.— Q\
lll-J-IIOIHTIII
Reverse.—^ HL ME0 NCH MEN
Weight, 98
grs.
In Mr. P. Carlyon-
Britton's cabinet.
No. 80
reverse
like
is
in the fourth
;
quarter
is
three quarters of the
in
a double annulet,
viz.,
two annulets
Instead of crescents, there are diverging straight lines
joined together.
at the
No. 16 with an annulet
ends of the voided cross.
Obverse.—^ AD33+AGN3I0I
VVO\/
Reverse.— \^^\
the Helsingfors
Weight, 207
grs. (1-325
gramme).
In
Museum.
This was found with others at Tavastchus
in
Finland
in
1874.
No. 16 with a very coarsely executed head on
In one quarter of the reverse, is a six branched fanthe obverse.
shaped object or a hand of six fingers, each ending in pellets and
No. 81
is
similar to
diverging from the centre of the voided cross
is
a
trefoil of
three pellets, with a pellet in
:
in the opposite
quarter
each of the other two
quarters.
—
Reverse. —
Obverse.
III
III
III
III
III
cabinet.
Weight, 12
grs.
In the
Royal
Irish
Academy's
/^%
r^<v
Plate IV
The head on
No. 82.
is
the obverse resembles that of No. 81 but
more barbarously executed
opposite quarters and there
37
is
the reverse has a simple cross in two
;
a large pellet
in
the other two quarters.
Obverse.— WWW
—
Reverse.
No.
to the
Nil
llll
Weight, 10-4
Nil
llll
The obverse
83.
grs.
has a very coarsely designed and large head
a half annulet enclosing a pellet
left,
the nose and mouth
(?
eye) being placed between
The
the bust divides the legend.
;
No.
similar to that of
reverse
is
but from each of two angles of the voided
16,
cross springs a peculiar figure resembling a double
hooked grappling
iron.
Obverse.— WWW
Reverse.— WW
llll
Weight, 12
llll
llll
grs.
In the Royal Irish
Academy's
cabinet.
Coins 84 to 87 of Plate IV.
Cl.^ss II.
Type
a;
of .-Ethel red
II.,
Hildebrand Type
British Rlnseion Catalogue,
Type
IV, var.
Symbols on neck of bust and on the
D.
reverse.
No. 84
head has
is
also a
in
No. 59 but the cross pattee behind the king's
on the reverse, there
addition a pellet above and below it
is
similar to
;
:
four-rayed star
in
the
place
of the
pellet
one
in
of the
quarters.
Obverse.—
Ji:'
Reverse.
4-
—
INTRC [RE]4- IIDYIII
H-E RHH MHO NEH
the
No. 85
pattee,
is
similar to
and there
another similar
quarter,
is
is
a
No. 81
trefoil
trefoil
an object
pellet
is
in the
grs.
(ro3 gramme).
In
is
like
on the neck of the bust
:
is
a large
cro.ss
of three pellets in front of the forehead
behind the
neck.
On
the
reverse, in
a pickaxe, the handle of which
towards the margin of the coin
and a
Weight, 16
Copenhagen Museum.
other two
;
in
the opposite quarter
(|Liarters.
is
is
;
one
directed
an annulet
The Coins of
38
the
Obverse. —WWW
Reverse.— WW
llll
till
Weight,
llll
12-5 grs.
In the Royal Irish Academy's
cabinet.
No. 86
No. 35 with a peculiar object resembling a
double grappling iron lying horizontally on the king's neck on the
reverse in one quarter of the voided cross is a similar grappling iron
similar to
is
;
with a small pellet inside each of the four hooks
is
a coiled up serpent
other two quarters
in the
;
in the opposite
:
a small
is
quarter
pellet.
Obverse.— GWWMAWH^ ai5IHI+
Reverse.~WA\(d
INI3
Weight,
INI6
Nl-f
In
grs.
9-5
the
British
Museum.
No.
foil
87.
The
obverse
is
very like that of No. 85, with a quatre-
of four pellets in front of the king's head,
instead of the large cross pattee,
crook turned away from the
is
face.
while on the neck,
a hooked rod or crozier, with the
The
reverse has a voided cross
with extremities terminating abruptly at the legend
opposite quarters
is
a four-rayed
star,
;
in
each of two
while the alternate quarters are
blank.
Obverse.— \~\-\-\A
Reverse. ~WWWW\
lllllllll
lllllllll
Academy's
Class
lllllllll
Weight, 87
Coix 88 of Plate IV.
12.
Type of ^thelred II., reverse oxAy
Type IV, var. a Hildebrand, Type D.
;
No.
legend
;
88.
it
the right.
The
\
British Miiseum Catalogue,
Obveise, large head facing.
obverse has a large full-faced head dividing" the
has a high crown with
The
In the Royal Irish
grs.
cabinet.
reverse
is
(?)
a sceptre terminated by a
similar to that of
No. 16
;
in
pellet,
on
one quarter a
small trefoil-headed sceptre springs from the angle.
QH
V
Obverse.
Reverse.— WWW
llll
-
-
llllll
llllll
Weight, 12
grs.
In the British
Museum.
The Coins of
Class
Type
39
Coins 89 to 117 of Plates IV and V.
13.
of yEthelred
II.,
Type D.
a; Hildebrand,
the
British
No
Museum
Type
Catalogue,
IV, var.
symbols on neck of bust; without and
with pellets and symbols on both sides; with a branched
hand
in
two
No. 89 is very similar to No. 16 with the addition of a peculiar
object in two opposite cjuarters of the reverse, the two other alternate
There has been so much discussion about the
quarters being blank.
meaning- of these peculiar objects that a rather
them
be required.
will
of the reverse
of the legend
we have a
is
They
are usually in the
the quarter which contains the
;
and
first
-f
at the
distinguished as the second quarter.
slightly
curved
line
arm
ol the
third quarters
commencement
In the
which commences from a
junction nearest the margin ot the coin, of the
of the horizontal
description of
fuller
away from
coin of the upper vertical arm of the voided cross
;
quarter,
]X)int at
the
and second thirds
first
voided cross, and terminates
of the second and third thirds farther
first
at the junction
the margin of the
from the convexity
of this curved line spring four straight parallel lines which terminate
each
in
parallel
a pellet just
before reaching the
lines gradually increase
exactly similar object
is
legend
;
the four straight
length from below upwards.
in
in the third quarter.
An
These branch-like symbols
have been described as hands ever since Walker in his commentary on the Hiberno- Danish coins, published in Camden's Britannia,
spoke of them
"as two hands
in
the opposite angles of a cross,"
Tabula IV, Fig. 9. I shall
de.scribe later coins (Nos. 138 to 141) which have undoubtedly human
hands figured on them, both on the obverse and the reverse, and
two coins have already been described (Nos. 6 and 60) with a human
second edition, 1722,
vol.
i,
p.
cxcviii
;
hand on the king's neck. It requires, however, rather a stretch of the
imagination to acknowledge the figures we are now discussing on this
coin, as representations of
the
same
anatomical parts of the
time, these figures
generations of numismatists
human body.
At
have been described as such, by so many
down
to the present day, that
I
prefer to
;
The Coins of
40
continue to
"
tlic
them "hands" but with the addition of the adjective
Throughout this paper, I shall therefore always refer to
call
branched."
these symbols as " branched hands."
Obverse.—^
Reverse.
HZINIDUCI
INI
— ITH
Weight,
IhH IDH
-I-IH
A
similar coin from
same
the
Plate
dies
I4'5 grs.
and
12
I,
Mr.
in
P.
13.
Carlyon-Britton's
cabinet weighs \\'2 grs.
I
have considered
question
settle
weights of
meaning or
all
a result
so
not,
the specimens
1
have come
I
this
series
vexed
have any
have given the readings and the
to
examine thoroughly.
that
there cannot be any
have been able
I
possible the
if
whether the legends on the coins of
intelligible
As
important to
it
to the conclusion
doubt that the inscriptions on these coins were never intended to
The
have any meaning whatsoever.
cabinet
following similar coins are in
my
;
Obverse.—^ HITCIFNIDNEI
Reverse.
—
K)l- CNI
4- Dl
Nil
Weight, 14-4
grs.
Weight, 147
grs.
(9i^z^^/-j^.—Mlllllllllllwlllllllll
llllllllll
Reverse.—
0IIII
Obverse.—^ /EEIIHRNNIR
Reverse.— W'Q EkR EISI
ND
Obverse.— \\nM\\\-\-n\^n
Reverse.— Wn NN OIN HW
Obverse.—^ lUFhCIMl-PHCI
Reverse.— WW IHO IIIL 1101
Obverse.— Jc RENINRNPO
\\\\\
lllll
•
Reverse.
— +N
•
OHLL MR ONI
Weight,
11
Weight,
13-5 grs.
'4 grs.
Weight, 13-6
Weight,
grs.
15-5 grs.
(9^w;or.— OIIITIIPHICIDIFID
Reverse.—h ND
Obverse. —
Reverse. — -MT
-h
PINI
0DID
IDID
Weight,
15 grs.
Weight,
15-2 grs.
INNTIIHRIOIII
HI
HIO IFN
All the following similar coins are
Mr. P. Carlyon-Britton's
in
cabinet
Obverse.— OWWWWWWWJ
Reverse.—bWW
lllll
llll
llll
Weight,
1
0-6 grs.
C
The Coins of the Danish Kiitqs of Ireland.
4
i
Obverse.—i- FNDN-I-NDFHI
Reverse.—^HHL
IHID NTNI NLMI
Weight, 15-1 grs.
Obverse.—i- H+IDIIIThllLlL
1101Reverse.—i-W IPN
Weight, 13-1 grs.
Obverse.—i- RNCIIIRNDb
Weight, 12-3 grs.
Reverse.—i-U. ONL LI NIL
N
(9/w6TJ-t-.— Hh N
Reverse.—^\H hJsJIE UiQ NNhl Weight, 15-9 grs.
Obverse.— \0\\-^nmH\Dm\
III
-i-
1
Reverse.
—
4-
1
1
1
II
1
1
1
1
I
•QI-HII
III
II
IDII
Weight,
14-1 grs.
Weight,
13-5 grs.
\\'eight,
1
Obverse.— Q\\Q\\-{m\D\D
Reverse.—i-m PHL NOI HN
Obverse.—i- llhlTlldPIOllllReverse.—i-m IPII -Mil NOL
Obverse.
—
IINIIIIIIOIIIIIIII
Re-cerse.—^ N NL
1-4 grs.
-H
Weight, 14
NI\L
110
grs.
Obverse.—^ HHIIDNFRIIHhL
Reverse.—^ CO NCO NDI Hill
Obverse.—^ ll/ll-[-LNHf-BILI
Weight,
Reverse.— V?-\ LPI IPII IP-f
Obverse.—^W\\^'E.VVV\9'c.^\
Reverse.
IHl hhD lEI IP-f
\\'eight, 13-6 grs.
—
—
Reverse. —
Obverse.
-l-
hUhHIIl-DMCI
IHD DIID
IPII
Obverse.—^
^êight, 13 grs.
"1
IDI4-
14-3 grs.
Two, same
dies
;
J
IIIIITDIFDJITIII
Reverse.
SIIIO
lOIII
llD-^
Obverse.—^ IIITIDIP|-RII-^
Reverse.— ^\^ \\A\ -N OIL
Weight,
Weight,
i
rS
15 grs.
C(îw-J^.— TIHOU OslNlDNIII
Reverse.— m-^-
Nil
Weight,
14-5 grs.
Reverse.— <^\n ^DN INN NN
Weight,
i
r6
grs.
\êight,
138
grs.
IMLI
IIIIO
Obversc-VW^-WWdHWY
Ci^wri-t'.— DHLNDNDNDID
Reverse.— \-n\ ONI NRl ONL
Obverse.
IDIN4-IIIIRIEINII
Reverse.— H^\ hUN lEO l-TO
Weight, I5'9grs.
(9(^Tvr.f^.— IIINIOIIhDEN
Reverse.— QH\L
'::iVVZ.
IIIH
MNC Weight,
12-6 grs.
C/'Z't-rjv.— HHIIINIHIDIIIOCI
Revcrse.—\\\\
weiglits
grs. respectively.
UN im
OIDI
Obverse.—^ RNDIEDNNII
Reverse.— "c.^^ IIIC Ell ONE
Weight, 12
grs.
Weiglit, 13-6 grs.
grs.
I3'3andir4
42
ObverseReverst-
-11113'IH 01111114-
Obverse-
-I-CNIIITIDIFI4-I0
Weight. 137
IND
-nil IHI ail-f
Reversc- -IITl IMI N4- Oil
Obverse- -IIThHlll4-DlLDIII
Reverse- -l-IT V^V HDT NPh
Obverse- -aiiaillDIIIIIDIII
Reverse- -EOl nil 1110 IDI
1
Obverse- --MDIPTPLNEPIIO
J
Reverse- -IICI 101 EID 14-1
"1
Weight,
97
grs.
grs.
Weight, 135
grs.
Weight, 13-4
grs.
Two, same
dies;
;
12-4 grs. respectively.
Obverse.- -IH4-ITILHIFI-fH\l
Reverse- -hi-f NR h ^Cl| hPfObverse- -MINTIOILII^-IFNIH
Reverse- -i-NC IILII HOI NIN
Obverse- -4- IIITIDIDIL ll-f
Reverse- TN OIF- 114Obverse- 4- IIIITIDPIFII-F
Reversc- nil JFII QLII R^D
Obverse- 4- IIIITIDPILIFIIReverse- FMV IITl PW- IDII
llll
Obversc-
Weight,
Weight,
1
38
i6-2 grs.
Weight, 148
Weight,
Weight,
grs.
grs.
11-5 grs.
I2"2 grs.
-4-IIITIIhlLllDI
W
nil RIC FIH
ReverseObverse- 4-lll-ITIiqDIOir4-
Weight, 12
grs.
Weight, I2'8
grs.
Weight, irS
grs.
Reverse- 4-DI NL NEI NR
Obverse- -HDIITIPII-llhlDIIIDI
DM IDF ITID HII
Reverse[:niinln4-dpln
ObverseNl NIE OrPI ICN
ReverseLNIiNLN4-DPLN
Obverse-
Weight, i3"4
grs.
NE ROL NNI
ReverseObverse- NDNIINONIINDI
IIIR
Weight,
DIL
Weight, 14-4
ReverscObverseReverse-
IDI
-4-
4-
101
IDI
-^0l
RIIIIIENIREI
N CIR INL DIP
Obverse- -4-HMOEIlDHNCN
Reverse-
NL
NIE
NOL
Obverse-
-miionsiTiiai
Reversc-
H
PH H-Q
HTI
Obverse-
HSlTlf=DFIL4-IIHI
Rcc'erse-
llll
Obverse-
Reverse-
klMO
INII
noil
Weight, 89
grs.
Weight, 131
13-2 grs.
Weight, 10
Weight,
grs.
grs.
grs.
13-3 grs.
IINIIIIIIOIIl/NI
4-11
llll
lllll
101
weights
Weight, 16-4
grs.
127
and
The Coins of
the
— INHNEiriTDNEI
—
IhM
Obverse.—^
OHH
Reverse. —
Obverse.—^
Reverse. — DL NPI ONN~ UN
Obverse.—^ IITHSIPNEIPII
PR
Reverse. —
Obverse.
Reverse.
43
-f
IN
-^
Weight,
ITh
IPt-
13-2 grs.
llllllllllllGllllllil
mill
UNI
-f mil
Weight, 15-4
grs.
Weight, 13-4
grs.
IIIIII10III1IIIIIII
•!•
IT IDl-
-I-
This coin only
No. 90.
Weight,
IPI
differs
1
2-6 grs.
from No. 89
in the reverse,
where
the branched hands have only three fingers instead of the usual four.
Obverse.— Jr
II1-ITILDI0IC4-
Reverse.—\\A\ NPI
0111
Weight,
lll-f
14-6
Mr.
In
grs.
P.
Carlyon-
Britton's cabinet.
No. 91
pellets
is
similar to
No. 89 with the addition of a pyramid of three
behind the King's neck on the obverse.
Obverse.—^ IHNNaDNOMOH
Reverse.
—
lll-l-
NNI
CIII0
Weight, 15-4
ICHI
two similar coins from the
In Mr. P. Carlyon-Britton's cabinet are
same
dies,
weighing 13 "9 and
Obverse.—i-
grs.
i3-i grs. respectively.
IICIl-IDIMIDFD-E-
Reverse.— \\\r. 0IH N^l RIL
No. 92 is similar to No. 89 with the addition of a peculiar figure
resembling the pomegranate mint-mark of Queen Mary, springing out
of the neck of the bust which
Obverse.—^ IIIIIITIIIIIM Nil
Reverse.—^\\\ TOI +NI
is
pierced by
Weight,
IIH
its stalk.
13
grs.
In
the
Royal
Irish
Academ}-'s cabinet.
No. 93 only differs from No. 89 by having one small annulet in
front of the face, and another small annulet behind the neck of the bust.
Obverse.—i- IINITLRNDIIl-NI
Reverse.—i- IIIL 0ICH IILH Jl
l-CI
Weight, 15-9
grs.
In Mr. P. Carlyon-
Britton's cabinet.
A similar
coin in the
same cabinet reads
Obverse.—^ UN LNDNNIII
Reverse.— ^P\ 0NM HH -fPC
:
•
Weight, 147
grs.
a
The Coins of the Danish Kings
44
No. 94
is
of Ireland.
similar to
pellet in front of
the king's forehead.
Obverse.—i- RIMINENDNL
Reverse.
—
J-lll
NIC NIR FIL
Weight,
1
17
grs.
Another specimen from the same dies and weighing \y6
Mr.
grs.
is
in
Carlyon- Britten's cabinet.
P.
No. 95
is
No. 89 with the addition of a sceptre composed
similar to
of staff and three pellets, in front of the face, and of a pellet behind
the neck.
Obverse.
lOIMIIC HDllHI
Reverse.—i-
H\
OIN
INI
ID!
Weight,
15-4
grs.
In
Mr.
Carlyon-
P.
Britton's cabinet.
No. 96
is
No. 89 with a quatrefoil of four
like
pellets
or a cross
botonee behind the neck.
Obverse.—i- IHNNC IHN DhDH
Reverse.—i-\\\ IDII 0HI ilDI Weight, 14
grs.
In Mr. P.Carlyon-Britton's
cabinet.
Compare
No. 97
is
Lindsay's Supplement, Plate
No.
like
89, with
two
II, 46.
pellets,
one above the other
in
front of the face, and with a cross pattê behind the neck.
Obverse.—i-mUlHDmWWW
Reverse.—i- NFI RMFI MINO DIVN
Weight, 14-8
grs.
In the author's
cabinet.
Compare Duane's
A
7.
similar coin in Mr. P. Carlyon- Britton's cabinet weighs I4'5 grs.
the obverse legend
same
Plate to Simon,
is
^-lliPlCIDIIRIIILO
while
the reverse
is
from
;
the
die as that of the coin illustrated.
No. 98
is
No. 89 with the addition of a cross pattê
like
in
front
of the king's face.
Obverse.— \A\H\yn'^€.mm
Reverse.~V\E
110
Jl
Nil
IIII0
Rritton's cabinet.
Weight,
13-2
grs.
In
Mr.
P.
Carlyon-
104
I09
"^^
,.
>^.
^C.& W^'^l
119
,^'
^
t2r
J
Pi.ATi-;
V.
The Coins of
the
45
No. 89 with the addition of a small pellet in the two
opposite quarters of the reverse which have no branched hand.
No. 99
like
is
Obverse.—^
IIIIFNDLllFD
Reverse.—^VM
INll
158
Weight,
HIH
IhlO
In
grs.
the
author's
cabinet.
A similar coin in
Mr. P. Carlyon-Britton's cabinet has these legends
Obverse.—^ NNNUOINIID
Reverse— 'VW-K -HA- 0H/C HI-
No. 100 only
differs
Weight, 146
from No. 99
grs.
having a large
in
:
pellet in the
two quarters of the reverse.
Obverse.—^ IIHTIELIDIIIO
Reverse.— \HH IIIH I1I0CI 1H10
Weight,
In
grs.
14-5
the
author's
cabinet.
A
Carlyon-Britton's cabinet,
these legends
which
dies
weighing I3'4
grs.
also another similar
is
is
in
Mr.
P.
specimen with
:
Obverse.—^
Reverse.
No. 101
in
same
llllTll-FliF- -Dl
— IHIO
is
H
1
1I
similar to
OVl/1
Weight,
111+
14-1 grs.
No. 99 with the addition of a cross pattee
behind the king's neck.
Obverse.—^ IIITIIDIRI&ID-O
Reverse.—\-yEL 101 NE 101
Weight,
135
Mr.
In
grs.
P.
Carlyon-
Britton's cabinet.
No. 102 only
differs
from No.
loi
by having a cross botonee
instead of a cross pattee behind the kings neck.
Obverse.—^ IH-IIPiai>IDHlN
Reverse.— \\\\^
lllll
lllll
Weight, 15-2
grs.
In Mr. P. Carlyon-
Britton's cabinet.
No. 103
is
like
No. 99 with one
pellet in front of
and two
pellets
behind the king's head.
C(ÔT/-i-^.— LPNRDNFNH:
Reverse.— ^\H NMI DCO NMÎI
Weight, 16-4
grs.
In Mr. P. Carlyon-
Britton's cabinet.
d
2
:
The Coins of
46
No. 104
like
is
the
No. 99 with two
one above the other,
pellets,
in
front of the king's forehead.
Obverse.—^ IHRCIR^-MOl/N
Reverse.— ^V"^ RIN HIIO DIN
Weight,
In Mr. P. Carlyon-
grs.
i/'i
Britton's cabinet.
Another similar coin
No. 105
is
No.
like
same cabinet weighs
in the
two
99, with
mouth and with a
front of the king's
The branched hands have
his neck.
i4'4 grs.
one above the
pellets,
other, in
quatrefoil of four pellets behind
only three fingers.
Obverse.— m/mm(m\Qim\
Reverse.
No. 106
—
is
Weight,
INN I10II IINI
Academ}-'s cabinet.
16
IIOII
the
In
grs.
No. 89 with the addition of a large
like
Royal
pellet in
Irish
one of
the othervvise blank quarters of the reverse.
Obverse.—^ NNIENDAD
:
Reverse.—i-
7
NN
L NIL FNE
same
Weights,
In the
Plate
same cabinet are the following
Obverse.—h
and 117
grs.
(two from the
II, 44.
:
IIITIPFILIIll
Reverse.—i-
II-
Obverse.—i-
RH
t-D
IMR
Weight, 128
grs.
IIIIIIIIOIIIIII
Reverse.— \m
The
13-5
dies).
Olll
following
llll
Weight, 15-9
+111
similar
coins
are
grs.
in
Mr.
P.
Carlyon-Britton's
cabinet
Obverse.—i-
IIITIDFIUIIDI
Reverse.— -i-W- R'N
same
Lll
HI-
Weights,
14-1
and
dies.
6'(î;^;'j^.—MIIIIIIIIOIIIIII
Reverse.—i-
PI
NN
©IN
IDII
Obverse.—i- NNILNDND
Reverse.—i- \L NIL FIC NN
Obverse.—i- NNOLNDNIO
Reverse.— UT\ Dill IPII FNO
Obverse.—i- NNIEND - - D
Reverse.—i-
IL
NIL FIE
NN
Weight,
14-2 grs.
Weight,
11 grs.
Weight,
13-2 grs.
Weight,
10-3 grs.
12-4
grs.:
two with
1
The Coins of
No. 107
the
in
arm
47
a variation of No. 106 in having the branched hand in
is
third quarter adjacent
horizontal
the
arm
the lower vertical
to
of the voided cross
;
in addition, there
instead of the
is
a small pellet
the third quarter.
Obverse.—^: INPIIIPIHMPI
Reverse.— Zn\
llll
FIIQ
INI
Weight,
\V2
similar
to
In
grs.
Mr.
P.
Carlyon-
42.
and the
Britton's cabinet.
No.
The obverse
108.
is
No. 89 with a ring ornament
reverse, to that of
No.
that of
in
the second and a
pellet in the third quarter.
Obverse.— m\\\H\n\<:^n\0\\Q\
Reve7'se.—h
III
IIIHI
Ollll
Weight,
llll
1
No. 109 is similar to No. 89 with a
hand and the margin of the coin.
Obverse.—h
IIITIIt-rDIDIC
Reverse.
M
The
cabinet
—
4-
IHI
between each branched
grs.
following three similar coins are in Mr. P. Carlyon-Britton's
:
Obverse.—i-
IIHIIIIIThllLML
Reverse.
IH
—
4-
C>3 w;-j^.—
n
DPD
1
1 1 1
1
I
a
No.
1
10
in the fourth
is
Weight,
CII-
DH
similar to
No.
Weight,
1
6-6 grs.
13-8 grs.
89, with the addition of a cross
botonee
quarter of the reverse.
Obverse.—^
Reverse.
IFIITIl-IFILIDDI
— DT
PH
IDI
FH
sanie dies).
Two
14-8 grs.
1
l-M
Reverse.— \V\ ITD
Weight,
H0I \UV
-M Osl T
Reverse.—^W^ 1101 -Mil
Obverse.— \\\JcV\\Q,mMi\\
grs.
pellet
Weight, 139
W\\
-l-PI
grs.
5
Weights, 14-2 and
i3'5
grs.
(two specimens,
exactly similar coins from other dies weighing i4'4 and
are also in Mr. P. Carlyon-Britton's cabinet.
similar coins are in the author's cabinet
Obverse.—^
Reverse.
1
1
'8
The
following five
I4'3 grs.
(two specimens,
:
IFIITIHFILIDPI
—+ H
DTO DFI
same dies).
IDI
Weights,
1
5-9
and
-
The Coins of
48
Obverse.—^
Reverse.
—
IFIITIHFICIDPI
NTH
NI4-
NOH
DILI
mens, same
Obverse.—^
IFIITIHFILIDPI
IF
QQ
QHI
Weights, 15-4 and 128
grs.
(two speci-
dies).
Reverse.
—^
the
IQI
Weight,
Plate
I,
13-2 grs.
which has
16,
in addition a small
pellet in the fourth quarter of the reverse.
No.
1 1 1
is
behind the king's neck
to
No.
similar to
;
89, with the addition of a ring
and on the reverse there
is
ornament
a small pellet close
each branched hand, but unlike the reverse of No. 109,
it is
between
arm of the voided cross further,
there are a pyramid of three pellets in the second and two adjacent
and a
the branched hand
vertical
:
small pellets in the fourth quarter.
ICNDNNNN
Obverse.— ^\
Reverse.
No.
1
12
—
4-
II
0H_
OIN
CII
very like No.
is
\\'cic,^ht,
1 1 1
14-5 grs.
but there
is
no ring ornament on the
obverse.
Obverse.—^
Reverse.
—
1III1II0IIIII1IIIII
-i- II
OFL
CII
OIN
Weight, I4'9
There is another coin from the same
same weight in the author's cabinet.
No. 113
cross in
grs.
dies
and
ot
exactly the
No. 89 with the addition of a small plain
front of the king's head
on the reverse, a small pellet on
is
similar to
:
each side of one branched hand and four pellets between the other
branched hand and the lower vertical arm of the voided
the pellets forming a
cross, three of
trefoil.
Ob verse.
Reverse.-— WW HON 0-fl
No. 114
four pellets in
is
similar to
Clllll
No.
Weight,
12-2 grs.
89, with the addition of a quatrefoil of
front of the king's head,
and on the reverse there are
three pellets grouped together in the second and one pellet in the centre
of the fourth quarter.
The Coins of
Danish Kings of
the
/reia)id.
49
Obverse—i- TENNMIVRZrR
Reverse.—i-\\\
EIE0
IINNL
llllll
Weicjht,
14-4
the
In
grs.
author's
cabinet.
No. 115
No.
similar to
is
a coiled serpent or
worm
Plate
II, 45.
on the reverse of
89, with the addition
the second, and a pellet in the fourth quarter
in
of the v'oided cross.
Obverse.—^-i- IIIITIDRIFII-H
Reverse.
No.
No.
1
—
W[
I4-I
;
and with an annulet
probably a bird with three feathers
is
opposite quarter
is
and
also rather coarsely executed
is
in
front of the
is
one of the quarters of the voided cross
in
;
the right
to
the reverse
that of No. 89
which
Museum.
In the British
grs.
16 has on the obverse a coarsely executed head like that on
87, but turned
forehead
Weight, 15-9
ITIO
Dl-
in
its
tail,
similar to
is
a figure
and
in
the
a rather wiry cross botonee.
Obverse.— mm
Reverse.
—
Weight,
lllllll
lO'i
grs.
In
j\lr.
Carlyon-Britton's
P.
cabinet.
No.
I
17 has, like
No.
16,
i
an equally barbarous head to the
with a remarkable crop of porcupine-looking
ends
On
in
a distinct pellet
the neck
;
each
;
the reverse
is
vertical
by two
quarter of
legends on both sides consist of a series of
on the obverse being divided into three portions
Weight, 10 grs.
pellets.
Type
a;
first
strokes, that
Class
var.
The
which
a very coarse copy
of that of No. 89, with a wheel of four spokes in the
the voided cross.
line of
right,
the neck descends to the margin of the coin.
a star of four pellets
is
hair,
14.
Coixs iiS to 128 of Platks
of j-Ethelred
Hildebrand,
branched hand
in
II.,
British
Type D.
Mtiseiun
and \T.
Catalogue,
Symbols on neck of
two quarters of the reverse
or containing a single pellet.
V
;
Type lY,
bust,
with
a
other quarters vacant
The Coins of
50
No. ii8
on the king's
is
the
similar to No. 89, with the addition of a cross pattee
necl<.
Obverse.—^
—
Reverse.
lD[l!:HD]ITIi:iDl-
Weight,
ED[NLI]IITI H.Dl
-f
A
Mr.
same
13-3 grs.
Plate V,
3.
and weighing
dies,
I3'8 grs.,
is
in
No. 119 only differs from No. 118 in having a pellet in front of
the king's neck and a trefoil of three pellets at the back of the neck.
Olnm-se.—\A\\\A\\\V\n\H\\\\Q
Reverse.— m^ OIH
An
Hill
Weight,
IMII
almost similar coin
is
in the
13-2 grs.
Royal
In the British
Irish
Museum.
Academy's
cabinet,
but with different legends.
Obverse.
—
IIIIHIIICIN
Reverse.—^rWn
No. 120
is
Weight, 13
grs.
118, with the addition of a pellet in the
No.
like
IINI
Ollll
IIIN
two
vacant quarters of the reverse.
Obverse.— MnLl^Vm\^^\Vn\
Reverse.— ^\V\\ Rill. IMIIO I"
Weight,
14-9 grs.
In Mr. P. Carlyon-
Britton's cabinet.
No.
12
1
is
like
Obverse.—^
Reverse.—
No.
89, with a pellet
on the king's neck.
II^1TIIIDII^D0IHII
^m
Weight,
QUID
01111
llllll
15-4
grs.
In Mr.
P.
Carlyon-
Britton's cabinet.
No. 122
pellet)
is
like
No.
89,
with a ring ornament (ring enclosing a
on the king's neck.
Oi^z'^ri-^.— Ill-MIIIDENIOII
Reverse.— MX
M-1
Academy's
Compare Lindsay's
There are two
Weight,
III
14
grs.
In
the
Royal
cabinet.
Plate
II, 28.
similar coins in the author's cabinet, viz.
:
Irish
««fe^
.(^^ Jf^.
Platk
\'I.
The Coins of
the
kRIDHL+D
NH OHI IDI Weight, 139
51
C^wri-^.—-MINTID
—+
Obverse.—^
Reverse. —
Reverse.
Nl
PD
-^
and a
third
specimen
-
-
Mr.
in
123
is
No.
like
Weight, 13-4
IPI
grs.
Obverse.—^ IIIDIIITIIIOIIHI
Reverse.— -^WX DN 1101 HOI
No.
grs.
IIIDIITIIPIIf-N
Weight, 13-6
grs.
with the addition of a pellet in the
122,
second and fourth quarters of the reverse.
Obverse.—-^ IINTlDb^lDHIO+D
Reverse.
— flDI
No. 124
is
Weights, 14-3 and
I^DN
IIIH
IIIIO
same
12-9
grs.
(two from
dies).
similar to No. 89, with the addition of a figure like a
coiled rope, or annulet with two diverging appendages below, on the
king's neck.
Obverse.— QU:\\\
Mill
Reverse.—
\\\\\
O
Mill
lllll
Academy's
No. 125
.
separated
is
Weight,
15-5
In
grs.
Royal
the
Irish
cabinet.
similar to No. 89, with the addition of three widely
pellets, viz.,
one
in
each angle of the king's neck.
6'<^t'«-j-t'.— OIIIIIIIIINI+MMDNNI
Reverse.— (d\H NN NN NUll
Weight,
15
grs.
In
Mr. L. E. Bruun's
cabinet.
There
is
a similar coin in the Royal Irish Academy's cabinet.
Obverse.— VHOnn\H'Q\m\H
Reverse.
— NN
No. 126 only
NNI
ONN
differs
Weight, 12
from No. 89
the king's neck, and a very minute
in
grs.
having a
pellet in the
trefoil
of pellets on
second and fourth
Obverse.—^ IMITDIII - - El-I-I
Reverse.—V^ 1101 NCI PH Weight,
138
grs.
In
Mr.
P.
Carlyon-
15ritton's cabinet.
No. 127
is
like
No.
98, with a
wiry and long cross botonee on
the king's neck, with a pellet behind the neck.
The Coins of
52
— + INLN
—
the
Obverse.
Reverse.
"X.
IHIII
0lli
Academy's
No. 128
a
staff
is
and three
No.
like
Weight,
IMII
IMII
In
grs.
14
the
Royal
Irish
cabinet.
formed of
89, with the addition of a sceptre,
pellets, on the king's neck.
Obverse— ^Wi.Vm'QmWHQ
Reverse.~^V\\
©III
Academy's
147
In
grs.
Royal
the
Irish
cabinet.
same cabinet are two
In the
legends
Weight,
Nl
IIDI
with
similar coins
the
following
:
Obverse.— ^WOVi I^H+911
— + HI
— Same
Reverse.
Obverse.
Dl
Reverse.— HW^ HIO IRH
Class
Type
of /Ethelred
a branched hand
No.
111+
II.,
British
A
Type D.
13-5 grs.
Weight,
1
17
grs.
Jlliisenin
Type IV,
Catalogue,
human hand on
the obverse, with
two quarters of the reverse.
from
only differs
129
human hand
in
Weight,
Coins 129 to 132 of Plate VI.
15.
Hildebrand,
var. a;
I4\ll
die.
No.
89
in
having a well formed
with diverging pellet-ended fingers directed upwards on
the king's neck.
There
is
also a trefoil of three pellets in front of the
face.
C(^wrj^.— MIIICIICHHOIIIIIICII
Reverse.
— HN
OIN NNl \\M
Academy's
Dr. Aquilla Smith,
Danish
Coins,"
Weight,
12-2
grs.
In the
Royal
Irish
cabinet.
in his
N7tniisniatic
paper
"The Human Hand on
Chronicle,
Series
III,
vol.
Hibernoiii,
1883,
describes and illustrates (as No. 3) a similar coin, but with different
legends and of heavier weight,
viz.,
I3"5 grs.,
which he says
is
in
the
Royal Irish Academy's cabinet, but I was unable to find it there.
That missing coin has apparently been published by Lindsay, see
The Coins of
Supplement,
bought
I
legend
Plate
tlie
Fig.
II,
a similar coin at
who
34,
attributes
Regnald
to
it
53
III.
Rashleigh Sale with the following
the
:
Obverse.—i- lliaiDIIIOIIIIIIIIII
Reverse.— \m IN^ 0\\\- Wy
and Mr.
•
Weight, 137
P. Carlyon-Britton has another
weighing
grs.
specimen from the same
dies,
i4'i grs.
No. 130
is
very similar to No. 129, but the hand on the neck has
the fingers directed
downwards
there
;
is
only one pellet instead of
three in front of the face.
Obverse. ~UiQUQH\H\0\\\Hn^<:)
Reverse— OVWA M-H
lllll
Weight,
PIH
13-1
the Royal Irish
In
grs.
Academ}''s cabinet.
This coin
described
is
and
No.
illustrated,
4,
Aquilla
Dr.
in
Smith's paper, already quoted.
No. 131
is
like
No.
with the interesting addition of a well
89,
formed human hand ha\'ing the thumb applied
On
the reverse there
is
to the king's
nose.
a single pellet in each of the vacant quarters.
Obverse.—^ NNIOIIILJIIIIIHNI
Reverse.—i-HW NUN 0IIII Nlllll
Weight,
17-2
In
grs.
the
British
Museum.
There
in
Mr.
is
a similar coin from the
die for
the
Academy's
obverse,
cabinet.
;
same
and weighing I5'8
grs.,
a third specimen, but from another
and weighing
Compare
dies,
16 grs.,
in
is
with Lindsay's Plate
Royal
the
II,
29,
Irish
which
is
attributed to Regnald III.
No. 132 only
differs
from No. 131
in
having a
pellet
on the king's
neck.
Cî^trrj-r.—-fllNIOIIIFIDIIIIIIII
Reverse.— \\\H IHW
Class
Type
var.
a
;
MHO
Weight,
14-2 grs.
In the British
16.
of .'Ethelred
Hildebrand,
lllll
II.,
British
Type D.
Museum.
VL
Miisetim Catalogue,
Symbols on neck of
Type
bust,
IV,
with a
The Coins of
54
branched hand
the
two quarters of the reverse, with symbols
in
in
the
other quarters.
No. 133
from No. 89
differs
in
having an annulet between three
symmetrically placed on the king's neck
pellets
by the side of each branched hand as
pellets in the second,
Obverse.— Omw
Reverse.—
\\\\\
and an annulet
;
reverse has a pellet
No. 109, with a
in
trefoil
of
in the fourth quarter.
- -
lllll
lllll
Weight, 14
Hill
grs.
cabinet.
No. 134 differs from No. 89 by having a cross botonee on the
king's neck and two pellets, one placed above the other, in front of the
mouth
on the reverse
;
a
is
large pellet in
the
second and fourth
quarters.
Obverse.— \/[Q\\\m ÔIIINII0
Reverse.— \yw OIDI Mil MN Weight,
13-6 grs.
cabinet.
No. 135 differs from No. 89 in having a figure like a Greek omega
or Gothic (l) reversed on the king's neck and on the reverse, a pellet
in the
second and a ring ornament
Oi^z^^rj^.— DNI-NDDMCNOOI
Reverse.—^ NC IfD IDNE FIN
No. 136
is
similar to
No.
in the fourth quarter.
Weight,
i
r8
In the British
grs.
89, with the addition of
the king's neck and a large pellet in the .second
Museum.
an annulet on
and fourth quarters of
the reverse.
Obverse.— \Hm\mn\n\\
Reversc.—\\\Q\\
IIIIO
INN
IIIH
Weight, 127
grs.
In
Mr. P. Carlyon-
Britton's cabinet.
See Lindsay's Supplement, Plate
11,
43.
No. 137 is similar to No. 1 16, with the addition of four pellets on
the neck and a trefoil of three pellets instead of an annulet in front of
the face.
On
the reverse there
is
a large cross botonee
quarters not occupied by the branched hands
in
the two
55
Obverse.— WWW
—
Reverse.
lllll
lllll
Class
Type
var.
a
British
II.,
Type D.
Hildebrand,
;
damaged (079 gramme).
7-5 grs.,
17.
^thelred
of
Weight,
Mill
lllll
In
Copenhagen Museum.
the
Museum
With one
\'I.
Type
Catalogtie,
IV,
human hands on
or two
the reverse.
No. 138
like
a most interesting" coin and
is
fellow described below as
its
roughly executed bust to the
like
that of
strokes
centre
;
the
;
it
is
a well formed
a
is
somewhat
vertical
arms of the cross are blurred, but
in
;
hand with outspread
;
the palm
is
each of two opposite
fingers,
one hand
to
each other.
When
each finger
represented by a larger
from which extends a short rod representing the
wrists are parallel
plate,
obverse
composed of nineteen
wrist,
by which
way
that both
attached to one arm of the voided cross in such a
is
The
is
in three crescents
terminating in a small pellet
pellet,
the
know, unique,
dividing the legend below,
legend
of the
extremities
apparently terminate each
quarters
On
139.
I
the reverse has a large cross voided with a pellet in the
the
;
No. 89
left,
No.
so far as
is,
the coin
is
placed as in the
directed upwards and the other directed downwards.
is
intervening quarters of the voided cross have each a pellet.
Obverse.
—
lllllllllllllllllll
Reverse.— WW\
lllll
lllll
lllll
Weight,
io-6
In
grs.
Mr. L.
Bruun's
E.
cabinet.
No. 139
in the
is
very similar to No. 138, but the two
human hands
are
other two opposite quarters of the voided cross of the reverse,
and there is no pellet in either of the intervening quarters. Otherwise
the arrangement of the hands is exactly like that in No. 138.
Obverse.
—
III
Reverse.— WW
No. 140
I
Mil
Mil
ill!
Weight,
8-6 grs.
have placed rather out of
intimately connected with Nos. 138
its
order here, but
and 139 that
I
it
felt justified in
is
so
doing
—
The Coins of
56
This
so.
finely preserved
the
and probably unique coin resembles No.
35,
with a pellet on the king's neck replacing the cross pattee behind the
neck.
well
On
the reverse, instead of a pellet in one quarter,
formed
left
human hand
with wrist, by which
angles to one arm of the voided cross
;
is
it
is
an extremely
attached at right
in the centre of
the palm
There
pellet similar to the pellets in the other three quarters.
pellet in the central crescent at the extremity of
is
is
a
no
each arm of the voided
cross.
O-^ww^.—-Mllllll+IIEIIIIOIIII
Reverse.—^-\\\
0111
Weight, 17
101
Nil
Mr.
In
grs.
E.
Bruun's
pellet
on the
L.
cabinet.
No. 141 only
differs
from No. 140
having the
in
obverse behind instead of on the king's
This coin
neck.
also
is
probably unique.
Obverse.—\- NNTR
Reverse.
—
&0
4-
E
DRI
L0N DYF
Weight, 17
grs.
(ri gramme).
In the
Stockliolm Museum.
Edward Ledvvich
Dr.
Dublin, 1804,
pp. 211-227,
in his ^liitiij/tides of
has a chapter entitled
which
is
illustrated
"Of
Ireland, second edition,
the Ancient Irish Coins,"
by a plate of fourteen
coins.
No.
on that plate corresponds very much with Nos. 140 and 141, and
thus described by that author
"
The obverse, an head he! meted the legend not very fair
Re Difl — Sihtric, King of Dublin reverse, a cross and
one angle. The legend not intelligible. The rim surrounding
No. "7.
in
;
;
outward semi-circle of the
ornamented with pearls."
the
It
is
is
:
— Sihtric
was
hand
7
helmet
is
here visible, nor
is
it
a remarkable fact that Dr. Aquilla Smith appears to have
overlooked
this
description in Dr. Ledwich's book, because he does
The Human Hand on Hiberno-Danish
The four probably unique coins (Nos.
not refer to these coins in his "
Coins," already
1
mentioned.
38-141) are conclusive evidence,
in
my
opinion, that the branch-like
symbols on the reverses of Hiberno-Danish coins were intended
represent the
when he
human
wrote,
"It
to
hand, and that Dr. Aquilla Smith was mistaken
is
very improbable that the fleshy hand on the
The Coins of
obverse of
(No. 131
Fig-. 2
Danish Kings
tJie
this paper,
in
of Ireland.
and
57
VI) and
131, Plate
Fig-.
the branches with four leaves in two alternate angles of the cross on
same
reverse have the
signification as symbols."
It
seems
to be,
its
on
most probable that the "branched hand" figure so
common on Hiberno-Danish coins was really intended to represent
the
contrary,
the
human hand which
with less
power
artistic
Class
Type
is
in
so well e.xecuted in Nos. 140
Nos. 138 and 139.
Coins 142 to 147 of Plate VI.
18.
of /Ethelred
II.,
pellets or
With
Obverse, large head
reverse only.
Reverse, British Museuni Catalogue,
Type D.
and 141 and
Type
IV, var. a;
facing-
Hildebrand,
a branched hand in two quarters of the reverse, with
symbols
the other quarters.
in
No. 142 has on the obverse a coarsely executed and very large
face, fringed by whiskers of short hair
the nose, eyes and mouth
full
;
The
are fairly well represented.
Obverse.—
Reverse.— W-^W
reverse
is
like that of
No. 99.
O000llllH^VO
\\\\\
lllll
Mill
Weight,
IIOH
13-5
gr.s.
cabinet.
No. 143.
diagram of a
in
the centre
The obverse
full
is
Plate III, 60.
has a very coarse
face with beard.
full
face
Near the top margin
or
rather
of the coin
an annulet above, between and touching the eyes
;
a straight line leads to a mouth, below which are some six or eight
slightly radiating lines
side
a
is
trefoil
of pellets.
composed of
with a
ending
in pellets to
represent a beard
;
on each
a pellet-tipped crescent with convexity towards the nose, above
face
straight strokes.
fairly well
voided cross.
The
drawn
is
completely surrounded by a legend
The
reverse
is
similar to that of
;
89,
bird in each of the alternate angles of the
There cannot be any doubt about the
of these figures
No.
the pointed
bills
bird-like character
are seen to traverse the two lines of
the arms of the voided cross, while the feet are represented by three
The Coins of
58
the
claws fixed in the angle of the same cross
opposite each other, feet to feet
diverging lines ending in
The
of straight strokes.
the
The obverse
144.
crescents and
trefoils
consists of one
(o"67
probably unique
similar to that of
is
and many straight
gramme), and
unfortunately,
;
in
is
it
is
the
in
legend
gramme)
;
and
first
of
consists
The
face.
third
reverse
Denmark
i
is
is
between two
of
similar to that of
of pellets at each
trefoil
quarters
voided
the
Weight,
twenty single strokes.
Myntforhold eg Udniyntninger
History of
strokes,
Copenhagen Museum.
the
in
No. 143, without the
The legend, which
divided by two small pellets exactly above the
is
a part of the
is
face.
with a large S-like figure with a
89,
extremity,
the
is
composed of three
is
grs. (o"48
']'},
on each side of the
annulet
and
circles
annulet, which
No.
It
tail
legend here also consists only
damaged.
No.
beaded
The
coin weighs
Copenhagen Museum.
slightly
each bird's
;
pellets.
the birds are exactly
;
P.
cross
io'5
Hauberg
;
grs.
in
his
Dan77iark indtil 1146 (Numismatic
before 1146), attributes a coin to
King Svend
Estridsen, 1047-1075, on the reverse of which are two similar S-like
figures, which are, however, turned the other way and have a trefoil of
pellets only at
one extremity.
See Tab. VIII,
15,
of that work.
No. 145 only differs from No. 144 by the addition of a pyramid of
three pellets on each side of the beard, and by there being only straight
strokes in the legend of the obverse
botonee
instead
S-shaped
the
of
the reverse has a large cross
;
figure
in
the
alternate
vacant
quarters.
adverse.— m\
Reverse.
—
Hill
Weight,
hagen Museum.
lllll
No. 146 only
lllll
lllll
differs
9-4 grs.
from No. 144
in
(06 gramme).
having the eyes closer
legend and the annulet above and between them absent
has the same S-like
figures,
Obverse.— Qi\m
Reverse.— WWW WWW
WWW
cabinet.
\
In the Copen-
;
to the
the reverse
but they are reversed.
Weight,
8-6 grs.
In Mr. L. E. Bruun's
.
i5S
^^
<*^^
4^% j0^^^
^v;^'^
r/'*^%,
'^
45**^"^-v
^^^}'.
Plate VII.
:
The Coins of
Danish Kings of Ire/and.
the
59
No. 147. The obverse is like that of No. 146, with the addition
on the rever.se, which is like that
of a pellet on each side of the beard
of No. 89. one quarter without the branched hand has a group ot four
;
and the other, a pyramid, of three
pellets,
pellets.
Obverse— m\
Reverse.—
Weight,
\\\
grammej.
8-5 grs. (^0-55
In the
Copen-
hagen Museum.
Ci..\ss
Type
var.
of /Ethelred
Hildebrand,
a;
Coins 148 10 161 of Plate VII,
19.
reverse, without
No. 148
II.,
British
Type D.
Museum
Type
With only one branched hand on
and with symbols on both
differs
Catalogue,
from No. 89
IV,
the
sides.
having only one branched hand on
in
the reverse, the other three quarters of the voided cross being vacant.
tV'j'^rjr.— 4-llinRILH4-DYCIMMYII
Reverse.—^V\\A^\AZQ\AV[0
1'^\\
Weight, 147
grs.
In
the author's
cabinet.
Two
similar coins, also in the author's cabinet,
have the following
legends
A
Obverse.—^ NHTERI-IIDTRH
Reverse.—^ WW IIIIL IIIIO IDHE,
Obverse.—^ \H\QnW\QVVW^
Weight, 166
grs.
Revcrse.—\W
Weight, 14-3
grs.
Till
III©
third similar coin
111+
is
in
Mr.
Obverse.— Jc HHHNTIOCN^-IH
Reverse.—^\U DIC NHO RFN
No.
149
object, like
is
similar to
a small
No.
German S
Weight, 162
grs.
148 with the addition of a
peculiar
with a pellet at each extremity, in the
quarter opposite the branch hand on the reverse.
CAi'dVjv.— + IHIDHILII-flRIEH.II
Reverse.—^ mi H^\Q\n\W\^
Britton's cabinet.
Weiglit, 16-2 grs.
In
Mr. P. Carlyon-
6o
of the Danish Kinos of Irchjud.
Tlic Coins
No. 150
above the
No. 148 with the addition of two
similar to
is
other, in front of the king's face
the quarter opposite the single branched
one
pellets,
and of a cross botonee
hand on the
legends on both sides are composed of upright strokes.
in
The
reverse.
Weight, isgrs.
No. 151 only
from No. 148
differs
having on the obverse, a star
in
of four pellets on the king's neck and two pellets one above the other,
in
front of as well as behind his
On
head.
the
reverse, there
is
a
pyramid of three pellets close to and in the same quarter as the branched
hand in the opposite quarter is a star of four rays with a pellet in two
;
adjacent angles
in
:
the other two quarters of the voided cross are a
square of four pellets and a pyramid of three pellets respectively.
Obverse.—^
Reverse.
—
lIDNimiDINII
Mil
1111
Weight, 10-4
llll
llll
No. 152
II, 44.
No. 151 with, on the reverse, one
like
is
Plate
grs.
pellet close
to
the branched hand, and a star of four rays but without pellets, in the
quarter
opposite
the
in
:
alternate
quarters
is
a pyramid
of
three
pellets.
Obverse.— WW
Reverse.—{•
H
HI
Weight,
'ÛV
IHl
/'S grs.
In
Mr. L. E. Bruun's
cabinet.
No. 153
like
is
No.
on the reverse there
151, but
is
a pyramid of
three pellets on one side of the branched hand and a pellet on the
other
and
;
in
in
an adjacent quarter
a star of four rays with three pellets,
is
the other two quarters are a square of four pellets and a pyramid
of three pellets respectively.
Obverse.—h IPNHPILIIH
Reverse.
— NC
NPI ---
Weight,
IDl
in
grs.
In
Mr. P.
this
legend
Cadyon-
Britton's cabinet.
A
second similar coin
Obverse.—h
Reverse.
—
IPI
IPNIPI
INI
same cabinet has
Dl
Nil-
Compare Lindsay's
the
in
—
Plate
Weight,
II,
10-2 grs.
44 and 45.
:
The Coins of
The obverse
No. 154.
but a plain cross
Dan is//
tJie
kin^-'s
On
forehead has replaced
pellets
on and around the bust.
pellets
on each side of the branched hand
the voided cross
the reverse there
the fourth quarter
a couple of
in
each angle and
in
a star of five pellets.
is
Obverse.—^
is
the
all
two adjacent quarters of
in
;
a four-rayed star with a pellet
is
6i
has a coarse hkeness to that of No. 151,
of the
in front
KiiiQs of Ireland.
Illlll
Reverse. ~\\\\\
Hill
lllll
Weight,
llll!
10-4
In
grs.
Mr.
L.
Hruim's
E.
cabinet.
No. 155 is like No. 154 with a crozier-like rod, the crook turned
towards the edge of the coin, instead of the plain cross in front of the
king's face
:
on the neck
is
same
the
peculiar figure like a coiled rope
or annulet with two di\erging appendages below, as on the obverse of
No.
124, but with the addition of a pellet inside
reverse
in
branched hand,
the quarter opposite the single
ornament and
in
On
the annulet.
the
a ring
is
the other two (juarters are a pellet and a pyramid
ot
three pellets respectively.
Obverse— WWW
Reverse.
—
llll
llll
llll
llll
similar
I^rittoii's
No. 156
turned
to
the
is
right
is
;
14-8
and
14'
obverse same
i
gr.s.
dies.)
respective!)-.
Mr.
In
P.
(Two
Cariyon-
cabinet.
No. 151 with the head on the obverse
\er\- similar to
pellet respectivelv
quarter
Weights
ccjiiis,
on the reverse, there are two pellets and one
on either side
ot
the branched hand
a four-rayed star with three pellets
;
in the
in
:
an adjacent
other two quarters
of the voided cross are a scjuare of four pellets and a cluster of
si.\
pellets respectively.
Obverse.—^ - Reverse.— \AZ.&
- TIICIII<^
NIOI
IDII
Weight,
i
r6
grs.
In Mr.
1".
Carlyon-
Kritton's cabinet.
Compare Lindsay's
Plate
II,
42.
No. 157 diflers from No. 156 only in a few details there are no
pellets behind the head, nor are there any pellets on the reverse in the
:
.quarters containing the
branched hand and the four-rayed star which
e 2
m
The Coins of
62
are opposite one another
a
;
the
other two quarters are three pellets in
in the
from the centre of the coin and a group of
line radiating
five pellets
respectively.
Obverse—
Reverse—
\\\\\
lllll
lllll
Weight,
lllll
In the Royal Irish
grs.
1 1
Academy's
cabinet.
No. 158 resembles No.
ended fingers instead of four
148 except that there are three pelletin the
Obverse.—^ INITRLREI DYFIII
Reverse.— JcHV. IIFII HI N HFO
Academy's cabinet.
No.
I
59
branched hand.
Weight, 17
of a star of four on the king's neck, behind which
pellets with a single pellet
above
branched hand as
pyramid of three
pellets,
pellets in the other
;
in
No. 158
;
an adjacent quarter
in
is
a
two quarters which are rather blurred.
—
Compare Lindsay's Plate
Ifars II., King of Limerick!
Academy's
a square of four
while there isapparently a four-rayed star with
specimens, same
Irish
is
on the reverse there are only three
Obverse.— Jc IHEIENOrvCIHDhil
Weights,
ILIII Nil UN lllh
Reverse.
Irish
very like No. 151 with a pyramid of three pellets instead
is
fingers to the
Royal
In the
grs.
cabinet, viz.
16-3
Two
i
5-3 gr.s. respectively.
(TwO'
dies.)
II, 40,
and
where the coin
attributed
is
similar coins are
in
tO'
the Royal
:
Obverse.—^ IHEITNGWUDNM
—
Weight, 15
Obverse.— '>c\WE.VE.HQVEm\<A
llll
Weight, 155
Reverse.— WW
Reverse.
lllll
lllll
llll
No. 160
is
lllll
lllll
llll
gr.s.
grs.
similar to No. 148, with five fingers instead of four, in
the branched hand
;
in the
quarter adjacent
Obverse.— ^WAQAHQMWnW
Reverse.— W0\ IMI IHI [H]ll
Weight,
is
a cross botonee.
10-5 grs.
In Mr. P. Carlyon-Britton's cabinet are three similar coins,
the
same
dies as this specimen,
respectively.
and weighing
I3'3, 12
'5
all
and 12
from
grs.
7 he Coins of the Danish Kin^s of Ireland.
6o
Compjire with Lindsay's Supplement, Plate 11,48, where the cross
botonee is absent.
No. i6i
-Star is
is
similar to
No. 157, but on the reverse the four-rayed
enclosed in a square, while the alternating quarters of the voided
cross have each a pellet-ended crescent with convexity towards the
centre of the coin
opposite the convexity of the crescents
in addition,
;
are groups of three and two pellets respectively.
Obverse— \mH
Reverse.
—
III
- - -
a
:
and with the
Xo. 162
II..
Type D.
letter
is
-
N
.S
In
grs.
il
in
British
Museum
Royal
the
of -^thelred
Hildebrand,
-
Weight,
-Academy's cabinet.
Cl.^ss 20.
Type
-
Irish
V'II.
Catalogue,
Type
With only one branched hand on
IV,
var.
the reverse,
the opposite quarter.
similar to
No. 148, with the addition on the obverse
of
a star of four pellets on the king's neck and on the reverse of a well
formed
letter
S
the (]uarter opposite the branched hand
in
the alternate
;
quarters of the voided cross have each a pellet.
IHITlIEIDirEMD
C?/;7'(7-.sY.—1-
^m
Reverse.—
NEN
Weight,
UDI
l-M-hl
14-6
In
grs.
the
author's
cabinet.
See Lindsax's .Supplement.
Sihtric
A
Plate
I,
21,
where
it
attributed to
is
W.
similar coin
is
in
Mr. P. Carlyon-Britton's cabinet,
viz.
:
(9/'r(V-ji-.—MIITIIIRIIDIDIEIH
Reverse.
—
Mill
No. 163 onlv
above the
PIDD
differs
other, in
two
l-MII
Weiglit, 14-1 grs.
IhODl
from
No.
cjuarters ot
162, in
having two
pellets,
one
the reverse.
t'/^zvnsY.— + YIITIIIRIIDIDIEIH
Reverse.
—
4- IHI
DIDD
l-J-HH
lODI
Weight,
147
grs.
cabinet.
Plate
1,
22.
In
the author's
The Coins of
64
No. 164
the
S on the
exactly like No. 162, but with a reversed letter
is
reverse.
Obverse.-—^
Reverse.
—
IIITIIIRIIDIIDIE
PIPI
+111
Weight,
IDII
l-f-ll
the
In
grs.
13-5
author's
cabinet.
See Lindsay's Supplement, Plate
Two
I,
23.
same dies weighing 133 and i3'2 grs.
are also in the author's cabinet, and three similar coins, all from the same
dies as that illustrated, are in Mr. P. Carlyon-Britton's cabinet and
weigh i4'4, i3"8 and i2'5 grs. respectively.
similar coins from the
Coins 165 to 170 of Plate VII.
Cl.\ss 21.
Type
Type IV,
head
of /Kthelred
var. a
reverse only British Museiun Catalogue,
Hildebrand,
;
Reverse.
facing.
II.,
Type D.
— Only one
Obverse.
— Large
small
or
branched hand with symbols
in the
other quarters.
No.
The obverse has
165.
a large
head
enclosed
fiicing,
in
a
pear-shaped figure with the small end upwards and forming a high
peaked helmet
represented by
in the
the round face which
to
si.x
Edward
is
the
around
:
supposed
to
Confessor
is
The
bearded.
diverging straight lines with a
centre below
This type
is
trefoil
beard
is
of three pellets
the legend divided above by the helmet.
be
copied from the full-faced pennies of
1042-1066, Hawkins
225.
The
reverse
is
almost exactly like that of No. 152, but without a pellet by the side of
the branched hand, and with only two pellets instead of three pellets in
one alternate quarter.
—o^tvH
—
Obverse.
Reverse.
fcN|
III
-J-NMÔ 1I0N\DI1N/F
III
Compare Lindsay's
Ifars
I.,
weighing
cabinet.
III
Weight, 9
Plate
I,
i,
grs.
where
it
is
870-872, without the slightest evidence.
8*4, 8'2
and 77
grs.
attributed to
Three
respectively are also in
I
mar
or
similar coins
the
author's
The Coins of
No. 166
the
Danish Kinos of Ireland.
very similar to No. 165, but there
is
instead of a treloil of three pellets
65
only one pellet
is
one quarter of the reverse.
in
Obverse— WW lOININONiTDI
I
Reversc.—WW
INI
Mil
Weight,
Nil
9-1
In Mr.
grs.
P.
Carlyon-Britton's
cabinet.
No. 167
four-rayed star
No. 165, but with the branched hand and the
adjacent quarters of the reverse there is a pyramid
similar to
is
in
;
of three pellets in each of the other two adjacent quarters.
Obverse.— QW
Reverse.— \Q -
II
-
C
Weight,
III-
In Mr. P. Carlyon-
10-3 grs.
liritton's cabinet.
No. 168
very similar to No. 144, but the annulets on the obverse
is
which represent the eyes are much nearer the mouth and have no pellets
inside them, on the reverse there
in
only one branched hand
is
;
the Ss
the two opposite quarters are reversed, and in the fourth quarter
pellet-ended crescent with a pellet
in
is
concavity which faces
its
a
the
centre of the coin.
Obverse.— WWW
Reverse.
—
Weight,
Mil
gramme).
(049
grs.
7'5
In
the
Copenhagen Museum.
The obverse
No. 169.
two beaded
annulet
vertical
lines
below
the whole
:
strokes
has a small head facing, crowned and with
to represent
inside an
possibly copied from William
that
of No.
Hawkins
II.,
on each side
is
an
consisting of
This obverse has been
circles.
148 with the addition of a
:
The legend
inner circle.
between the two
is
the shoulders
The
250.
trefoil
reverse
is
like
of three pellets, in the
opposite quarter to that containing the branched hand.
Obverse.— WWW
Reverse.— W\
III
III
Weight,
III
12-6
grs.
In
Mr.
P.
Carlyon-Britton's
cabinet.
No. 170
is
similar to
No.
i6g but on the reverse there
in
there
a single pellet in each of the
is
is
an
the quarter opposite to that containing the branched hand
annulet
;
two alternate quarters.
Obvcrse.—WWW
Reverse.— WW
llll
llll
III!
Weight, 13-4
grs.
In Mr. L.
l-"..
Hruun's cabinet.
The Coins of
66
Class
the Daiiisli
Kings of Ireland.
Coins 171 to 173 ov Plates
22.
and \nil.
V'II
Type of Îthelred II., reverse ov\\)\ British Mnscnni Catalogue,
Type IV, van a Hildebrand, Type D.
Complicated
Obverse.
—
;
crescent pattern.
Reverse.
— Only one branched hand
with symbols
in
the other quarters.
The obverse has
No. 171.
centre
is
a small cross pattee
;
In the
a very complicated design.
around
it
are four small crescents
;
four
crozier-shaped figures extend from the angles of the cross pattee, and
passing between the small crescents, curve over towards one another
pairs
above and below
the margin of the coin
resembling the
it
;
and
reverse
compound
to the left of this
:
m with
letter
to the right
is
between each pair of croziers
;
a pellet above
a pellet nearer
is
figure
a symbol
is
and a small oblong below
it
a reversed letter S with pellet below
is
in
it.
The
exactly like that of No. 170.
Obverse.— \\\\\\\
Reveise.—\\\\\
lllll
lllll
In Mr.
\\'eiyht, 14-1 grs.
lllll
T.
Carlyon-Brittons
cabinet.
No. 172
somewhat
is
like
No. 171.
On
the obverse, the two pairs
of crozier-like figures spring above and below from an annulet enclosing
a pellet
;
to the left a small OD
has two pellets attached, one above the
other, to the lower extremity ot
groups of three pellets
pellet.
The
reverse
middle limb
the reversed letter
:
is
its
;
S on
above and below are
the right
is
without
exactly like that of No. 171.
Obversc.-
Rcversr.— WW
CD,
llll
\\'ciyht, 13 grs.
In Mr. L.
\i.
Bruun's cabinet.
from No. 172 on the obverse by having instead of
a figure composed of three pellet-ended branches diverging
No. 173
the
llll
llll
differs
upwards from a
pellet
:
there are no other pellets in the
field.
Obverse.— WWW
Reverse.
—
III
Weight, I4'6
Plate
I,
22.
grs.
Platk VIII.
The
Class
Type
Coins 174 to 180
23.
of ^thelretl
left,
with cro/ic;r
iu
Reverse.
out stem, springing- from the centre
On
No. 174.
No.
in
IV,
r\i)e
— Very coarse head usually
— Cross botonee with or with-
to
two or four quarters.
in
the obverse the head, to the
left, is
similar to that of
138, although more coarsely executed, with each hair terminating
a pellet
in
;
front
of the face
towards the margin of the coin
inscription
bars,
Catalogue,
Obverse.
I).
front.
67
Plate VIII.
oi-
British Mjisemn
II.,
a; Hildcbrand, ry[)e
var.
the
of the Danis/i A'u/os of Ireland.
Coi>ts
is
is
a crozier with the crook turned
on the neck
:
is
a cross
botonee
:
the
composed of simple strokes which are joined by transverse
The
forming a series of Hs.
with the addition
reverse
is
similar to that of No. 16,
two opposite quarters of a sceptre with head of
in
three pellets or cross Ijotonee
:
the two alternate quarters contain a
single pellet.
Obverse.— VVVVVV\Reverse.
—
llll
llll
llll
llll
Weights,
14-8, 8-3
and
5-3
t^rs.
(three specimens).
See Lindsay's Plate
coins weighing
Similar
cabinet and
III, 69.
95
and
8'4
grs. in the British
6'8
grs.
are
in
the
author's
Museum.
No. 175 is very like No. 174, but differs in the hair being without
and instead of a cross botonee, there is a pyramid of three
jaellets,
pellets
on the neck.
without cross bars.
No. 176.
The
The
legends on both sides consist of simple strokes
Weight, 6'5
grs.
In the British
Museum.
ob\'erse only differs from that of No. 175 in ha\ing
a staff joined to the middle pellet on the neck
;
the re\erse differs from
that of No. 174 in ha\ing a long \'oided cross botonee springing from
a central ring ornament and
in
the alternate {|uarters
agroup of
four or
five pellets.
Obverse.— WW
Reverse.— WWWW llllllll
Rojaf Iiisli Academy's cabinet.
W'ciofit,
6
t,ns.
In the
The Coins of
68
No. 1/7
Danish Kings of Ire /and.
the
from No. 176
differs
in
having on the reverse a pyramid"
of three pellets in two opposite quarters.
Obverse.— WWW
Reverse.— WWW
llllll
Weight,
IIIHI
llllll
57
Mr.
In
grs.
P.
Carlyon-
Kritton's cabinet.
The obverse
No. 178.
the reverse
indistinct, but
is
much
also similar to that of No. 174,
is
sceptre in the two
instead of a
alternate quarters
opposite cjuarters
The
a large pellet.
is
Weight, S'8
of simple strokes.
No. 174
but with a cross botonee
like that of
No. 179 only differs from No.
obverse turned to the risfht.
178
each of the
legends on both sides consist
Museum.
In the British
grs.
in
;
;
in
having the head on the
Obverse.— www
Reverse.
—
No. 180.
the neck
is
lllll
Hill
lllll
:
cross,
extremity of which ends
in
the
to
equilateral triangle, in the centre of
forehead
in front of the
— On a simple long
7-5 grs.
— A large coarsely-executed head
Obverse.
composed of an
is
an annulet
Weight,
lllll
is
a
of three annulets
trefoil
a beaded circle, outside which
is
:
;
which
Reverse.
a star of four pellets.
super-imposed a cross annulettee,
is
left
i.e.,
each
the whole within
the usual legend of simple strokes.
Obverse.— WW
Reverse.
—
Weights, lyg and 107
llll
grs.
(two specimens).
In
the author's cabinet.
See the Editors' Plate
9j
Simon,
to
i,
which
is
said to
weigh only
grs.
Class
Type
of .Ethelred
Type
Hildebrand,
No.
divided by bust
each corner
terminating
A
in
left,
:
;
II.,
British
back again
armour and
outer circle.
over
in
Coin 181 of Plate VI
Museum
II.
Catalogue,
Type VIII
;;
E.
181 brings us
Bust to the
circle.
24.
it,
to decipherable coins.
radiate helmet
Reverse.
;
Obverse.
—
around, inscription
— Square, with three
pellets at
bisecting the sides, a lono- cross voided, each limb
three crescents
;
pellet
very finely executed coin.
in
the centre, inscription, outer
69
Obverse.—^ SIHTRCRE-J-OYFLI
Reverse— ^\}.T^-
\iV\<^
0DYF
LINR
In Mr.
1'.
Carlyoii-
Ilildebrand's book
and the
Wcii^ht, 17 grs.
Britton's cabinet.
The
following are similar coins
6)/^wr.f^.— +
12.
:
SlHTRCRE-f DYFLI
M20 DYFLINR
Stockholm Miisfum.
Obverse.—^ /EOELR/EDRE+AIR
In
Reverse.—^Z.NVt.
368.
— + EIOMNS
Re-eerse.
DYIROMR
book and the
Ilildebrand's
In
Stockholm Museum.
ANGL
C<k'^rj£-.— +/EOELR/EDREX
l-jG.
Reverse. — -fF/EREMIN
MO
DYFLI
Stockholm Museum.
0/^twJ^.— + /EDELR/ED REX
IT^.
—
In
Ilildebrand's book and the
AUGLO
FIENEMN MO DYM In Hildebrand's book and the
Stockholm Museum.
6'/7iYV-.sv.—^ /EOELR/ED RE+ ANGI
Reverse.
383.
4-
—
-{-SIVLF MO DIFLINAM
Stockholm Museum.
Reverse.
(9(^c'^ri'^.—f
In Hildebrand's book and the
/EDELR'EORE-I-AIG
Rei'erse.—^?-/E
In
NEPM NM0 DYHI
186
Weis^ht,
grs.
(1-23 i;ramme).
the Copenhagen Museum.
Obverse.—^ EDELREDRm
DC Ml© HD- MTII
Reiierse.
—
Class
Type
(variety
-I-
Weight, 23 grs. (r5 gramme).
Helsingfors Museum, found at Nastola 1865.
of i-Ethelred
figure enclosino- ring
Type
No. 182.
cross
above
;
Museum
British
II.
Hildebraiul,
of);
Catalogue,
25.
Type G.
Reverse.
4, var.
a
;
— Either
has the
below the neck
is
.4;'7//<jr /?£•/
a
and there
pellet
Museum
to the left with plain
pyramid of three
reverse has a quadrilateral figure with incurved sides
an annulet enclosing a
quadrilateral
British
II.,
X
Type
Type D.
Hildebrand,
The obverse
\'1I1.
Catalogue,
ornament or as .-Ethelred
In
is
pellets
:
the
the centre
is
a larger pellet on one side
of
;
in
the ([uadrilateral figure.
Olwerse.—mw
Reverse.—
Weight,
\\\\\
13-5
grs.
in
.Mr.
T.
Carl\ou-Britton's
cabinet.
No. 18^.
The
obverse
is
very similar to that of Xo. 182 while
The Coins of
70
the
the reverse can be compared with those of
iSlos.
opposite quarters of the long voided cross,
limbs terminating
alternate
1
'6 grs.
Class
Type
now
a large letter
E
with
sides are simple strokes.
See Simon's Plate
I,
17.
Coin 184 of Plate VIII.
Variety of Hildebrand,
of -Cnut.
Type D.
var. a,
which
is
considered to be Danish.
No. 184.
Obverse.
lines ending in pellets
Reverse.
in
26.
is
the
in
;
a large cross pattee occupies the
The legends on both
In the British Museum.
quarters.
3
Weight,
pellets, while
in
67 and 76
;
— Bust
to the left
behind, shield
— Long voided
is
—
According
Weight,
Mr. L. E. Bruun
to
in three crescents
;
an annulet.
Obverse.—^ HARECNV
+A LFP RB: ONL
Reverse.
by straight
bust and shield dividing legend.
each limb terminating
cross,
two opposite quarters
;
hair represented
;
15 grs.
this
is
a Danish coin struck at
Lund.
Class
Coins 185 to 188 ok Platl VIII.
27.
Type of Cnut.
Type E, var.
British MiiseiDn Catalogue,
Type IV; Hildebrand,
f.
No. 185.
is
Obverse.
divided by the bust
;
— Bust
outer
to the
left,
around, the inscription which
Reverse.
circle.
— Over
quatrefoil with
apex of each cusp, long cross voided, each limb terminating
jDellet at
three cre.scents
;
pellet in the centre
Obverse.—^ BLLLDIGOCt-Tsn
Reverse.
—
14-10
V\-\-\
Lll
Helsingfors
The
;
around, inscription, outer
in
circle.
CHI
Weight,
IIDl
Museum, found
following are similar coins
19-3
grs.
(r25 gramme).
In
at Nousis, 1895.
:
C/êwjc— 0IIIDi:MORLhl+:
Reverse.—\-ZXi L0+ IIHI HEI Weight, 30 grs. In the British Mu.seum.
Obverse.— QUîUAQViV^W.
Reverse.—i- LD L0-^ Hill HE" Weight, 389 grs. In Mr. P. CarljonBritton's cabinet.
No.
pellet
186 only differs from
No. 185
in
having on the obverse a
behind the king's neck, and on the reverse, three pellets outside
the quatrefoil, one being opposite the apex of three of the cusps.
The Coins of
Danish
the
of J re/and.
Ki)io^s
71
Obverse.~QL\DZ.V\OUEV\-r.
Reverse.
—
4-
H WE
The heavy
Weight, 37-2
34-1
-i-lll
Museum, found
Helsingfors
weight of
at
grammes).
Lundo, 1897.
grs. (2-43
In the
and the coin previously described
this
is
remarkable.
No. 187
a
of three pellets
trefoil
behind the neck
viz.,
No. 185 with the addition on the obverse of
similar to
is
two
pellets
opposite cusp
is
;
front
in
of the king's face and of a pellet
on the reverse, one cusp has three
on each side within and one
pellets
pellet without
:
around
it,
outside the
a cross pattee.
O^zwjY.— niVFDIIIVI-{-HI
Reverse.
— OVI
RO TOR
Weight, 21
EHFI
Museum, found
Helsingfors
grs. (1-37
gramme).
In the
at Reso, 1834.
No. 188 has, on the obverse, an extremely coarsely executed head
to the
left,
similar to that on No. 139, with the addition of a star of four
pellets in front of the face
;
the reverse has a short plain cross inside
and touching a quatrefoil with
Obverse.— WW
Reverse.— WWW
llllll
llllll
apex of each cusp.
pellet at the
Weights,
llllll
1
19 and 84
grs.
(two specimens).
A
weighs
6 "8
Tvpe
is in
of Cnut.
Coin 189 of Plate
28.
Obverse.
Type A,
var. a.
IV, Hildebrand
ype
Hildebrand,
No. 189.
:
Obverse.
I
—British
E, var.
circle.
ape.x of each cusp, long cross
crescents, pellet in centre
;
:
Catalogue, T)'pe
Museum
left,
crowned within a
— On
;
Catalogue,
quatrefoil
;
(]uatrefoil with pellet at
II,
\^
voided, each limb terminating in three
—
Plate
V'III.
f.
Reverse.
Obverse.—h ZIHTRCRE+DYFLMO
Reverse.
-I-ZTE CEN HON OND
Museum.
See .Simon's
Museum
Reverse. — British
— Bust to the
legends
Mr. L. E. Bruun's cabinet and
grs.
Cl.^lss
Type
specimen
third very similar
27.
Weight,
.Similar
15-2
coins
circle.
grs.
In
the
British
have the following
*j2
Obverse.—h SIHTREO+ANLLORE
REII MIO FIM
Weight,
-I- FN
Reverse.
—
Museum
15
In
grs.
the Helsingfors
found at Reso, 1834.
;
Obverse.—i- SITERIERExDRVMI
—
Reverse. —
Reverse.
4-
STEGNONDY
In the
Stockholm Museum.
Obverse.—h LMTRLN+DiFILIMNO
NE
-I-
OHL M/E
Rl:
Weight,
18-4
(119 gramme).
grs.
In
Copenhagen Museum.
Obverse.—h NIITRE4-ANLLORV
Weight, 21-9 grs.
Reverse.—i-Ê REN NMO DYF
In the British
Museum.
Obverse.—\- ITIERILPE-PYHI
T EC NO NDY
Weight, 23-4 grs. (1-52 gramme).
Reverse.
In
the Stockholm Museum.
the
—
curious to note that with increasing bUinderingof the legends,
It is
there
actually
is
•
•
an increasing weight.
Class
Type
var.
a.
of Cnut.
Obverse.
Type
Hildebrand,
;
Type XVI,
Catalogue,
No.
190.
On
29.
—British Museum
E, var.
var. a
the obverse
with a peculiar hanging
tail
the legend between two
circles.
.around,
is
two
IV,
Museum
Type H.
crown behind,
The
Type
— British
the king's bust to the
is
to the
the legend between
g.
Hildebrand,
;
Catalogue,
Reverse.
like
left,
a lyre
;
diademed,
around,
is
reverse has a short cross voided,
circles.
Obverse.— AlEIIL-VhOSailOlia
y?('rw-.»r.— dOlV-
-
-XE1DII3I110III-J
Weight, 28
grs.
In Mr. P. Carlyon-
Britton's cabinet.
Class
Type
of Cnut.
Type
Hildebrand,
Type XIII
No.
;
191.
30.
Coin igi of Plate VIII.
Obverse.
E, var.
Hildebrand's
Obverse.
h.
—British Museum Catalogue, Type IX
Reverse. — British Museum Catalogue,
;
Type G.
— Bust
to the
left,
wearing pointed helmet
;
in
I
of the Daiusli Kifigs of Ireland.
Tlic Coins
front, sceptre
;
around,
Reverse.
bust.
circles
inscription
is
— Short
in centre, pellet
;
between two
between two
cross voided
in
;
each
circles,
73
divided by the
limbs united at base by two
;
annulet
an^jle,
around,
;
is
inscription
circles.
Obverse.—^ HE VNIL - i?«w.jY.— ^-RAIENCEOOIVCXIII;!
Weight,
14-5
In
grs.
the
Hiitish
Museum.
No.
1
This coin was kindly lent
91 A.
No. 191 but with the king's bust
closely
to
me by
The obverse
were completed.
after the plates
to the right
is
Mr. L. A. Lawrence
exactly like that of
while the reverse also
;
resembles that of No. 191, the only difference being a pellet
inside each of the four annulets.
f^;r;-A-.— HVnaO
NUVHX
Reverse.—^ IDIOHV-MIIPMT
Class
Type
Type XV
Coins 192 and 193
31.
of Cnut,
;
Weiglit, 20-5 grs.
being
\arieties
of British
Hildebrand, lype G, var.
pellets in front of the face
;
the reverse
with the addition of a large pellet
in
Jliiseiiiii
Cata/ogue,
b.
No. 192 has on the obverse a bust similar
two
Plate VIII.
(if
is
to that of
No. 139 with
similar to that of No. 190
two opposite quarters of the small
voided cross.
Odversi:-
/ieverse.—\m
Hill
lllll
lllll
Weight, 10-4
grs.
In Mr. P. Carlyoii-Britton's
cabinet.
The obverse
No. 193.
has a small cross pattee
in
one quarter
is
;
resembles that of No.
in the
centre
a ring ornament, and
is
the reverse
139
an annulet enclosing a pellet
in the
;
;
opposite quarter
is
a wheel
of four spokes.
Obverse.
—
Iie7>erse.—m
III!
ill!
cabinet.
ill!
Weight, 93
grs.
In
Mr. P. Carlyon-Britton's
of the Danish Kinos of Ireland.
Tlic Coins
74
Class
TypeofCnut.
Type G,
32.
British
Mnseum
head on the obverse
var. b, with the
The obverse has
No. 194.
Type
Catalogue,
XV
Hildebrand,
;
to the right.
the head to the right like that of
No. 157 but with no symbols on the neck
to that of No. 190.
while the reverse
;
similar
is
Obverse.— WWW
Rez'erse.
—
Weight, 9
llllll
First Additional Plate No.
similar coin
Mr.
in
is
Ms and Vs
and has several
gr.s.
very
1\
3.
weighing
1
i
7
grs.
the reverse legend in.stead of the simple
in
strokes.
Class
Type
of)
;
Coin 195
British
of Cnut.
Museum
The obverse has
195.
Catalogue,
a
down
cross pattee above, and half-way
The
enclosing a pellet.
Obverse.
—
—NIT
reverse
A
to
Class
reverse
is
Weight,
34.
his sons,
this is
staff
is
left
a sceptre with a
a large
annulet
12
grs.
In
Royal
the
Irish
a Norwegian coin struck by
about 1066.
Coins 196 and 197 of Plate IX.
of Cnut, reverse only. British
Obverse.-
The obverse
is
Museum
Com\)\\cdiX.'^d
similar to
Catalogue,
Type
XV
I
;
crescent pattern.
that of No. 173, while the
No. 190.
The legends on both sides consist of
Weight, 8'8 grs.
like that of
simple strokes.
in front is
its
the
cabinet.
Mr. L. E. Bruun
Hildebrand, Type H.
No. 196.
;
to
similar to that of No. 190.
is
IIIOI
Harold Haarderaade, or
Type
(variety
Nl
Academy's
According
Type XVI
three-quarter bust
extending down to the margin of the coin
Reverse.
Plate VIII.
01
Type H.
Hildebrand,
No,
33.
Plate IX.
m
The Coins of the Danish Kinos of Ireland.
No. 197
is
No. 172 but there
similar to
is
75
no branched hand on
the reverse.
Obverse—
Reverse.
—
IIHI
lllll
lllll
Hill
Academy's
The
Weight,
137
to
Type
The
coarsely executed
II.,
;
II.
pax,
Hawkins
231.
large head on the obverse
the
to
is
and
left
each of the lines representing the hair ends
;
on the neck
is
an annulet, and
with a pellet above and below
The legend
it.
in
is
a
in front of the face is a plain cross
two annulets or Os while the remaining
The
Irish
35.
of Harold
No. 198.
;
Royal
Type IV, var. a Hildebrand, Type D, and
have been described much earlier in the paper.
Class
pellet
tlic
reverse of this coin belongs to the type of /Ethelred
British Micscnni Catalogue,
ouoht
In
grs.
cabinet.
letters
has a cross pattee and
the usual
are
strokes.
reverse has a transverse band, bordered above and below by a
beaded
line,
within an inner beaded circle
band consists of three
upriglit strokes
the centre separating
them
between two beaded
thus,
moill.
;
the legend on the transverse
on each side with an annulet
The
of simple strokes with an annulet
circles, consists
The
opposite each end of the transverse band.
resemblance to Harold
II. 's
only seen five specimens of
in that of
Mr.
P.
it,
coin has a rough
paX penny, Hawkins 230-231.
four of which are in
Carlyon-Britton
their weights are respectively I4'4,
:
in
legend round the reverse
they are
all
my
I
have
cabinet and one
from the same dies and
137, i3'2, 12-4 and 14T grs.
No. 199 is somewhat similar, on the obverse, to No. 198, with a
on the neck is a ring ornament.
better designed head to the right
;
The legend does not consist simply of strokes, and is between two
The reverse is very like that of No. 19S, but on the tninsvcrse
circles.
band
there
are
only
four
straight
strokes
divided
by a central
annulet.
/
The Coins of
76
HO
Obverse.— ^-i^W
Reverse.
—
Danish Kings of Irelana.
the
Weight, 13
lllllll
In the Royal Irish
grs.
Academy's
cabinet.
Class
Type
Coins 200 to 202 of Plate IX.
36.
of William
to the right or
reverse only.
I.,
Reverse.
left.
No.
198, but
The head on
neck, there
is
is
— Large
coarse head
— Cross fleury with or without inner
compare with Hawkins, William
No. 200.
Obverse.
I.,
;
;
233.
the obverse
turned to the right
circle
in
is
very similar to that on
addition to the annulet on the
The
a star of four rays in front of the face.
a cross Heury with vacant quarters, and has no inner
reverse has
circle.
Obverse.-
Reverse.-~\\\m
lllllll
lllllll
Weight,
lllllll
9-5
In
grs.
the
Royal
Irish
Academj^'s cabinet.
See Lindsay's Plate
III, 49.
The obverse
No. 201.
is
similar to that of No. 200, but there
On
a cross botonde instead of an annulet on the neck.
a small cross fleury within an inner circle
The legends on both
Academy's
In the Royal Irish
No. 202
the
left
:
similar to
is
there
is
;
in
a pellet
the reverse
each quarter
sides consist of simple strokes.
is
a
is
is
pellet.
Weight, 10
grs.
cabinet.
No. 200 but with the head on the obverse
in front of the face, while the neck is plain.
to
Ohverse.-
Reverse.— WWW
llllll
llllll
llllll
Weight,
11-3
grs.
In
Mr.
P.
Carlyon-
Britton's cabinet.
Class
Type
pattern.
i"].
of William
Reverse.
I.,
reverse only.
— Like William
I.,
Obverse.
Hawkins
— Complicated crescent
236.
No. 203 has exactly the same obverse as No.
171,
while
the
The Coins of
Danish Kinj^s of Ire/and.
the
']']
reverse has a lozenge-shaped ornament, each anj^le terminating in a
trefoil
in
;
the centre, a pellet
The
the whole within an inner circle.
;
Weight,
legends on both sides consist of straight strokes.
I3"8 grs.
First Additional Plate,
See Simon's
No. 204 only
posed
below
;
differs
No.
7.
from No. 203 by having the rn and S trans-
the latter not being reversed but having a pellet above and
Weight, 14
it.
grs.
of William
Hawkins
I.,
Hawkins
The obverse
No. 205.
viz.,
237,
Mr.
Cl.\ss 38.
Type
In
is
237.
good copy of William I.'s penny,
crowned, between two sceptres, one
a very
bust facing,
sceptre has a cross pattee and the other a quatrefoil of four pellets
addition there
kind's neck
an inner
quarters
is
an annulet and
is
The
circle.
a cross fleury with pellet in the centre
circle,
in
a pellet between the cross pattee sceptre and the
the whole within an inner
;
;
in
reverse has within
:
in
two opposite
The
the other two quarters a pellet.
legends on both sides consist of simple strokes.
Weight, I2"4
grs.
A
fragment of
this coin
is
illustrated
in
Simon's
first
additional
Plate 10, and another similar coin in Lindsay's Supplement, Plate HI,
57.
There
is
a similar specimen in the Royal Irish Academy's cabinet
weighing only 87
No. 206
obverse, and
Weight,
1 1
is
grs.,
very like No. 205 but with a
with
"6 grs.
a single
of William
No. 207.
pellet
in
much
coarser head on the
Class
Type
but the quarters on the reverse are blank.
39.
I.,
Coin 207 of Plate IX.
Hawkins
The obverse
239.
has the king's head to the right,
in
front,
/2
The Coins of
78
the
a sceptre with a second and shorter sceptre
without inner circle
:
ornament
a spike
the cross
there
;
front of the neck but
the reverse has a cross pattee with central ring
each quarter
in
:
is
(?) in
middle of each patteed extremity of
in the
a
is
lis
The
turned inwards.
legends on both
sides are simple strokes with transverse bars connecting them.
9" 5 grs.
Class
Type
of William
The head
No. 208.
No. 99 but
tyfe of William
angles, blundered
small
circle,
left
to the left
Hawkins
I.,
on the obverse resembles that of
reverse
the
;
240,
viz.,
copied from the
is
a small cross pattee, in
XXX2, each
represented by
letters
PAXS type, with
240,
on the obverse.
of coarser execution
is
Hawkins
reverse only.
I.,
cabinet.
40.
usual Irish type of head to
PAXS
Academy's
In the Royal Irish
Weight,
and the whole within an inner
letter
within a
circle.
FNTr-OirDLTN
Obverse.
Reverse.—^mi.V[Q)\\\-Jc
Weight,
i2-2gr.s.
In Mr. P. Carlyon-
Britton's cabinet.
Class
Type
Reverse.
of William
— Triquetra of
No. 209.
Coins 209 to 212 of Plate IX.
41.
The
obverse only. Canopy type,
I.,
236.
birds.
bust which
is
facing, has a strong
that on the obverse of the
canopy type of William
of a sceptre on each side
the
The
Hawkins
;
full
face
is
I.,
resemblance to
with the addition
well executed
reverse has in the centre a pellet within a
and
is
without
circle,
around
which are attached three birds forming a triquetra or tribrach.
Each
beard.
bird has four feathers in
lines
each ending
in
its tail,
a pellet
:
which
its
is
represented by four diverging
legs are represented by a single rod
attached to the central ring ornament, while the body, head
are represented by two rods and three pellets.
and beak
There cannot be any
doubt about their being birds although Dr. Aquilla Smith
in his
paper
Corns of the Danish Kiiios of Ireland.
TIic
human upper
already mentioned, describes them as "
79
extremities, each
consisting of an arm, forearm and hand with tmgers expanded
thumbs meeting
the three
at a central
Weight,
sides consist of simple strokes.
The legends on
point.''
1
27
grs., in
Mr. L.
V..
both
Brnun's
cabinet.
For reverse see Lindsay's Plate
III, 51.
The obverse resembles
No. 210.
No. 209, but the face is
more coarsely executed and has a straggling beard
the sceptres
that of
:
The
instead of being outside, are inside the canopy.
from that of No. 209 by the birds ha\ing each three claws by
differs
which they are
attached
I3'5grs.
Royal
In the
No.
the
it
are divergent.
obverse
given
2
I
lines
is
composed of a
absent.
annulet
is
is
very
without a
trefoil
pellet,
An
Class
Type of William
reverse, Hawkins 245.
obverse,
is
On
the obverse, the head 01
of three pellets, and the divergent
in
a pellet
;
on the reverse the
and one of the birds forming the
Hawkins
237,
very similar to that
sceptres on each side have heads
;
in
simi)le strokes.
tail
which are
composed of a
and of William
ot
trefoil
one sceptre being nearly double the length of the other.
a copy of that of William
Weight,
Coin 213 of Pl.vte IX.
The obverse
No. 213.
it
42.
I.,
struck,
exact representation
duplicated except for two feathers of the
W'eight, I4"4 grs.
a quatrefoil
well
16.
forming the beard each terminate
tribrach
not
longer and the lines represent-
very similar to No. 211.
2 is
each sceptre
central
is
reverse resembles that of No. 209.
Duane's Plate to Simon,
in
No.
is
^^'eight,
cabinet.
iO"9grs.
is
The
ring ornament.
central
Academy's
Irish
Although
211.
to the
resembles that of No. 210: the beard
ing
reverse only
II.,
Hawkins
the centre an annulet.
Weight, I4'5
grs.
II.,
No. 206 and the
of three pellets,
The
reverse
is
245, viz., a cross pattee within
The
legends on both sides are
In the author's cal)inet.
The Coins of
8o
William
William
of
I.,
Hawkins
Hawkins
obverse
II.,
and reverse of
250,
240.
The obverse
No. 214.
Class 43.
Type
tlie
is
same
possibly from the
die as that of
No. 169 or No. 170; the reverse has a short cross patiee with an
in two opposite angles is an
annulet enclosing a pellet for centre
:
annulet enclosing a four-rayed star
;
the whole enclosed by an inner
circle.
Obverse.— WWW
- -
Reverse.— WWW
llllll
llllll
llllll
Weight,
grs.
14-9
Mr.
In
Carlyon-
P.
Britton's cabinet.
There are two
the Royal
respectively in
Simon's Plate
No. 215
similar coins
II, 31,
is
Irish
Academy's
similar to No. 214, but
letter, viz.,
and
grs.
12 "2 grs.
Compare with
cabinet.
and Lindsay's Supplement, Plate
annulets enclosing a star, or
is
weighing i2"5
III, 59.
on the reverse there are four
one
badly struck and the details are not very
The
coin
Weight, 8 '5
grs.
each quarter.
in
distinct.
In the Royal Irish Academy's cabinet.
Class
Type
Coins 216 and 217
44.
of William
reverse only,
II.,
obverse, large coarse head within inner
No. 216.
The
obverse
is
similar
Plate IX.
gp'
Hawkins
247,
and
with,
on
circle.
to
No. 146 with the
that of
addition of an annulet on each side of the beard
;
the reverse has a small
cross pattee springing from a ring ornament as centre, with a well-shaped
S
in
two opposite quarters
of pellets
joined,
;
in the
and a
the extremities of the
S
consist of trefoils
two alternate quarters are a crescent and annulet con-
trefoil fleurie respectively.
simple strokes.
Museum.
;
Weight,
7 '5 grs. (o'49
The
legends on both sides are
gramme).
In the
Copenhagen
The obverse
No. 217.
very
is
reverse like that of No. 216, with a figure
Greek
letter
in
<u
of No.
that
like
and the
145,
somewhat resembling the
Weight, 8 '8
two opposite quarters.
81
In Mr. P.
grs.
Carlvon-Britton's cabinet.
Class
Irish type of coarse
the obverse
45.
head
to the
left
with bust dividing legend on
and transverse band with bird above and below, on the
;
reverse.
The obverse
No. 218.
No.
like that of
is
174, but without crozier,
Across
while a cross pattee replaces the cross botonee on the neck.
the middle of the reverse
lines
is
a transverse band formed by two
on which are eight straight strokes
a bird with four feathers in
ing lines, each ending
by a straight
line
in
a
its tail,
pellet,
terminating
The beaks and heads
band.
they are
in
which
;
above and below
is
parallel
band
this
is
represented by four diverg-
the legs of each bird being represented
in three
claws touching the transverse
of the birds are not so well designed as
those on the reverse of No. 143. which have only three
These birds are very like those forming the
If any further proof of these figures being
tribrach on Nos. 209-212.
really birds is required, one can compare them with the birds (martlets)
feathers in the
tails.
Edward
on the reverse of the sovereign type of
Hawkins
14 grs.
The
228.
In the
legends on both sides are simple strokes.
Royal
a copy of the woodcut
Academy's cabinet.
12, which according to Dr. Aquilla Smith
I,
first
published by
Antiquitatibus ejus Disqnisitiones,
in
it
Mr.
is
in
the
County Wicklow
cracked.
who
Ware
1654,
says the
in 1639.
An
and weighs
Dr. Edward Ledwich
in
1
already
mentioned.
characteristic description of
it
:
De
Hibernis
was found
coin
exactly similar coin
2-5 grs.
;
in his
This writer gives
is
et
at
is
unfortunately
also gives an illustration
.same coin, No. 3 on his plate of Ancient Irish coins,
of Ireland
Weight,
Irish
See Simon's Plate
Glendelach
the Confessor,
of the
Antiquities
the
following
The Coins of
82
"
No.
The
3.
the
obverse, a head helmeted, with a cross in the neck
the reverse, a bar dividing the
field
;
above and below
it,
:
a hand couped
above the elbow [Dr. Aquilla Smith evidently followed this author in
The couped hand is on many of
describing these birds as hands].
Camden's coins and on most of those minted in Ireland Dr. Charleton,
speaking of one of /Ethelred with a hand, piously remarks, that it is a
devout acknowledgment of his being sustained by the hand of the
Almighty. Others interpret it as a mark of prowess or friendship and
as guesses generally have a ridiculous termination, this hand had been
supposed to be the Irish harp, or at least to refer to our ancient fame for
;
;
But a constitution of Ethelstan
playing on that instrument.
solves
coiner adulterate money,
over the mint
'
.
'
ordain
A.D. 928,
....
let his
.
.
.
We
if any
hand be cut off and fixed conspicuously
Here the crime and punishment are fully
every difficulty on this point
appears from our coin (very curious in this respect)
to have been the amputating the arm above the elbow, which rendered
declared
the
the latter
:
member
quite useless."
Class
Irish
Type
46.
of coarse head to the
with bust dividing the legend
left
on the obverse, and triquetra formed by three birds on the reverse.
No. 219.
The
bust on the obverse
similar to that of
is
pellets
behind the neck.
Weight,
The
reverse
very like that of No. 209.
is
7 '9 grs.
See Lindsay's Plate III, 51.
Academy's cabinet weighs 8' 2 grs.
Class 47.
;
A
similar coin
in
the
Royal
Irish
Coins 220 and 221 of Plate X.
Irish type of large coarse
hand on the neck
No. 151,
and there are no
but there are three pellets instead of two in front,
head
to
the
left,
on the obverse, with
and reverse, quadrilateral figure with incurved sides
divided into four compartments.
No. 220.
like
The obverse
is
very similar to that of No. 60 with a
hand, but with only a pellet
in front
of the face
plain square with concave sides which touches
;
the reverse has a
the margin of the coin
Plate X.
The Coins of the Danish Kinos of Ireland.
corners
the sc|uare has
at
its
in
each quarter
;
is
interior chvided
its
a pyramid of three pellets
by a
in
a trefoil of three pellets
Mr.
both
are
sides
plain
to
left
which
the four crescents might also be
;
described as prolongations of the limbs
legends on
and
cross,
i)lain
from the mitldle of each
:
side of the square springs a crescent directed from right
terminates
83
of the
The
central cross.
Weight,
strokes.
ir3
In
grs.
P.
No. 221
very
is
No. 220 with a plain cross instead of the
like
pellet in front of the; hair
reverse are replaced on two opposite
on the two other sides by a
97
\\'eight,
coin
similar
weighing
II, 31,
87
sicjes
crescents on the
trefoil
by a simple oval
composed of three oval
Museum.
which
grs.
damaged
illustrates a
in
is
Royal
the
Irish
and
ring,
trefoil
In the British
grs.
See Lindsay's Plate
The
on the obverse.
rings.
coin.
A
Academy's
cabinet.
Coin 222 of Plate X.
Cl.\ss 48.
type of large coarse head to the right, on the obverse, a
Irish
on the neck, with a long plain cross the extremities of which
twin-joined ring ornaments and a cross botonee are in
are trifid
hand
{^)
:
opposite quarters.
No. 222.
head
The obverse
to the right,
has a very coarsely designed and large
on the neck
a peculiar figure,
is
probably
described,
cross,
is
bar
supported
by a short handle
The
220 and 221.
Nos.
each limb of which ends
a cross botonee and
in
in
V
at the centre
the
object
is
reverse has a long
three spikes
;
in
most
two coins just
plain
two opposite angles
each of the other two angles are two ring
ornaments which are joined by two
of a
this
;
intended to represent a hand, as on
viz.,
like a
directed upwards springing from a
toast-rack of four parallel prongs
horizontal
somewhat
of the cross.
lines uniting to
The legends
form the angle
are simple strokes.
There are two specimens of this coin in Mr. Carlyon-Britton's cabinet.
Both are from the same dies and weigh 11 '3 and g'l grs. respectively.
The Coins of
84
Class
Coins 223 to 226 of Plate X.
49.
central
the
head to the
on the obverse: with
left
ring ornament or cross pattee surrounded by four or three
groups of
on the reverse.
pellets
No. 223.
The obverse
somewhat
is
that of No.
like
The
without the plain cross and pellets in front of the face.
has an annulet enclosing a pellet
pyramids of three
I3"4grs.
the centre
around
:
it
reverse
are four
whole forming a sort of disjointed
pellets each, the
The legends on both
cross.
in
198 but
are
sides
simple
Weight,
strokes.
Duane's
Plate
Simon,
to
18,
is
very like this coin, which has
apparently no cross pattee on the neck.
No.
The obverse resembles
224.
that
addition of a ring ornament below the head
The
legend of simple strokes.
of No.
223
the
with
and interposed
in
the
reverse has a central cross pattee with
four groups of pyramids of three pellets arranged symmetrically round
Weight,
it.
Mr.
P.
Carlyon-Britton's cabinet, weighing
Supplement, Plate
No. 225.
A
7 ors.
The obverse
has a very peculiar head to the
to
which
in front is a
a double sceptre (?)and
central ring
:
in front are
above the eye
is
simple strokes.
No. 226.
it,
a plain cross.
The
grs.
laree head
;
On
is
behind the head
In Mr.
P.
the reverse
is
a
pellets each, placed
a kind of disjointed tribrach.
Weight, 10-4
com-
two short rods joined transversely
ornament with three pyramids of three
symmetrically around
left,
nose and behind
a fan-like expansion to represent the hair or the beard
above by a third
See Lindsay's
10 grs.
III, 52.
posed of a large eye, attached
is
similar coin in
The
legends are
on the obverse resembles that of
front of the forehead, and on the neck
No. 198, with a ring ornament in
The reverse has a central large annulet
a pyramid of three pellets.
enclosinor a ring ornament, i.e., two annulets, one within the other, that
within enclosing a pellet around are four crosses botonees arranged
In the
Weight, 7 grs.
symmetrically to form a disjointed cross.
:
Royal
Irish
Academy's
cabinet.
The Coins of the Danish Kings of Ire/and.
Class
50.
head
The head on
No. 227.
on the neck
a
on the obverse, with
Cross crosslet on a quadrilateral
the obverse
there are no pellets above and
in
left,
incurved sides on the reverse.
fiofure \\ith
:
the
to
various large symbols on the neck.
face
85
The
circle.
No. 198, but
below the cross botonee before the
composed
a large quatrefoil
is
like that of
is
of four ovals enclosed
reverse has within an inner circle a cross crosslet,
superimposed on a cross composed of four crescents with convexity
towards the centre, and joined by four short rods with a pellet at each
There
junction.
The
cross crosslet.
Weight,
legends on both sides are simple strokes.
iO'2 grs.
No. 228
circle
a pyramid of three pellets in each angle of the
is
very
is
On
No. 227.
like
the obverse, there
a large
is
enclosing a pellet with four p)'ramids of three pellets arranged
svmmetricallv outside
it
on the neck
instead of the cross botonde,
;
On
there are two pellets, one above the other, opposite the face.
the
reverse there are four pellets instead of three in each angle of the cross
Weight, 9*4
crosslet.
No. 229
of the face
is
is
grs.
a quatrefoil of four pellets
the triangular neck
is
:
filling
up the whole space of
within each crescent
:
angles
P.
is
a
quatrefoil
of
four
in
:
is
in
a
pellet.
a cross
each of the other two
Weight,
pellets.
a
is
the reverse in two opposite angles of the cross crosslet
Calvary with the long arm directed outwards
Mr.
the obverse in front
a cross, each extremity of which terminates
crescent with concavity outwards
On
On
a second variety of No. 227.
io'6
grs.
In
No. 230
is
a third variety of No. 227.
On
the face are three pellets one below the other
composed of two
upwards above
:
:
the obverse in front of
on the neck
is
a figure
semi-circles bisecting each other with the convexities
this are four pellets.
On
the reverse, in two op])osite
angles of the cross crosslet are quatrefoils of four pellets, and
in
each
of the other two angles, a string of three pellets, the whole six being in
86
the
same
Weight,
straight Hne.
97
grs.
cabinet.
No. 231
On
a fourth variety of No. 227.
is
the
necls; is
a flower of
eight leaves and above this a crescent with the convexity upwards
front of the face
crosslet
is
is
Weight, io'5
in pellets.
in
the reverse, the cross
superimposed on a plain square with concave
corners of which end
the
On
a string of four pellets.
:
grs. (o'68
sides, the
gramme).
In
Copenhagen Museum.
Class
Irish
Coins 232 and 233 of Plate X.
51.
type of large bearded head facing, on obverse, and large
voided cross on Maltese cross on reverse.
The obverse
No. 232.
is
similar to that of No. 143, with a cross
botonee instead of an annulet above the nose
;
the lower eyelids are
missing, and the crescents opposite the cheeks are concave towards the
face
and are joined
to the
upper eyelids
beard are three pellets and on the
left
has a rather complicated figure which
;
on the right side of the
side four pellets.
is
The
reverse
best described as a voided
cross with extremities ending in crescents, superimposed on a Maltese
cross, the
twelve corners of which are composed of
on both sides are simple strokes.
Weight,
pellets.
9"2 grs.
The
legends
In Mr. P. Carlyon-
Britton's cabinet.
No. 233
is
very similar to No. 232, the chief differences being, on
the obverse a trefoil of three pellets on each side of the beard, and
on the reverse, a junction by a cross-bar of the extremities of the
voided
87
cross
grs. (o'57
before
they diverge
gramme).
Class
reverse.
52.
pellet
crescents.
Weight,
Copenhagen Museum.
Com
234 of Plate X.
head facing on the obverse, and two threecrescents with convexities towards one another on the
Irish type of small
branched
In the
into
The Coins of
The
No. 234.
the
obverse has a small oval
The
chin, several pellets in the field around.
inner
circle,
full
87
face with pointed
reverse has within an
two crescents with convexities towards each other
each
;
crescent has three pellet-ended branches .springing from the concavity:
between these branches are two
Weight,
simple strokes.
11 "5
The
crosses, botonees.
the Royal
In
grs.
Irish
legends are
Academy's
cabinet.
A very similar coin
55,
where there
is
Class
is
illustrated in Lindsay's
Supplement, Plate
a plain cross above the head on the obverse.
53,
Danish types which have been erroneously attributed
Hiberno- Danish
I
III,
the
to
series.
conclude this paper by describing a series of coins which leading
numismatists
In
Scandinavia and elsewhere consider to be Danish and
not Hiberno-Danish, although
down
they have been
to the present time
classified as such.
The obverse
No. 235.
has a large
with the bases united by three annulets
outside the inner circle
composed of three shields
the apex of each shield and
trefoil
at
:
a pyramid of three
Is
pellets.
cross pattee on one side and a pellet on the other.
One shield
The reverse
has a
has a
transverse band, formed by two parallel lines extending right across the
field
with this legend on
lozenge-shaped figure
extends to the legend.
it,
at
;
Is
OCIIEVN-I
This coin
Irish
coin which
History of
Datinuxi'k
is
a cross pattee.
GDNO
Wei-ht,
cabinet, although
illustrated, Plate III,
Denmark
i)idtil
band divides a
i
I'S grs.
placed amongst the Hiberno-Danish series
Academy's
is
this transverse
each of the two apices of the lozenge, which
Obverse.— \\-i-\ - - II+IIHI Vlllllll
Reverse.— £\0V 4-EVIO EFHC
Royal
;
i
to A.n.
146J and
i
146."
is
2)5>
'''
it is
?•
Hauberg's
\]\'Iyntforhold og
there
in
the
very similar to a Danish
attributed to
"
Numismatic
Udmyntninger i
King Cnut, the
The Coins of
SS
the
Danish Kings of
Irela7id.
only differences being the additions of the cross pattee, the pellet
on
the obverse and the blunderinq; of the several leg-ends.
No. 236
is
a copy of another Danish coin of King Cnut which
is
work on Plate IV, 54. The obverse has a
very coarsely designed head and bust to the right, instead of to the
figured in P. Hauberg's
which divides the legend below
left,
;
as in the Danish coin there
two
plain cross in front of the face with the addition of
The
reverse
executed
;
is
pellets
below
exactly like that of the Danish specimen and
within an inner circle
is
is
is
a
it.
well
a small simple cross, each quarter of
which contains a pellet-ended crescent with convexity towards the
centre.
Obverse— Wil\(d^rL\\Q\\\-V
Reverse.— ^\m':)Um\l-\U\m\
Academy's
This coin
See
Dublin.
•coin
is
Weight,
9-5
also classified among- the
is
Royal
the
Hiberno-Danish
Simon's First Additional Plate,
also
In
grs.
Irish
cabinet.
12,
series at
where a similar
figured, but without the plain cross in front of the
head on the
obverse.
No. 237 was bought
at the
Danish coins (Lot 1106).
.42,
No.
It is
Rashleigh Sale with eight real Hibernofigured in P. Hauberg's work, Plate VI,
as a Danish coin of Harthacnut.
184, the reverse
pellet
in
each
being
angle
The obverse
like that of
of the
cross
is
similar to that of
opposite
the
convexity of
the
crescent.
c^(^7vrj^.— DV^^MN^v:]v^
Reverse.
—
-i-
I10HV33HnnO3^DA
Weight,
10
grs.
In
the
author's
cabinet.
No. 238 resembles No. 18, but has a pellet-ended crescent in each
angle of the voided cross on the reverse.
It is so like Nos. 236 and
237 that
it is
placed here.
Obverse.—>c UliKIBIILMYVI+DO
Reverse.
—
•{
EO OM
oDI PR:
Helsingfors
Weight, 295
Museum, found
at
grs.
(rg gramme).
Nastola
in 1865.
In the
The Coins of
No.
Although
239.
Danish coins
Danish.
this coin
British
in the
corresponds
It
the
in
placed amongst
is
Museum,
89
the Hiberno-
must be considered as purely
it
every detail with P. Hauberg's Plate IX,
39 and 39.\, where it is attributed to the Roskilde mint of King Swcnd
The obverse is crossed by four beaded lines forming three
1047-1075.
transverse bands on the central band is a ring ornament in the middle,
;
connected on each side by two plain lines to a broken annulet enclosing
a pellet
on the other two bands
;
ending on one side
is
a
a T, lying horizontally
in
strokes, each
of plain
series
the semi-lunar spaces
:
above and below the three bands are further subdivided
into three
spaces by two vertical short beaded
by a cross
lines,
which are
filled
pattee in the central compartment, and by a broken annulet enclosing a
two
pellet in the
composed of
lateral.
The
reverse has a large quadrilateral figure
crescents, with concavities
pellet-ended
four
outwards,
which are joined near their extremities by a couple of short cross-bars
within this figure
three small
pellets
Weight, 15-8
There
both
1
4"
is
I
:
a four-rayed star enclosing a ring ornament with
in
each ray
at
;
the extremity of
The legend on
three larger pellets.
trefoil of
weighs
is
each ray
the reverse
is Dll
llll
is
-hV
a
III.
grs.
a second very similar coin
grs.
in
the British
and which has only simple strokes
Museum which
for the
legends on
sides.
No. 240.
as follows
This coin was described
in
the Rashleigh Sa/e Calalogue
:
"Lot 313* Hiberno-Danish Penny: obverse:
in centre of three
annulets containing pellets
;
triangular
legend
illegible.
ornament
Reverse
:
Ruding Plate D, 40, four
forming a wide cross with two pellets in each
imitation of the reverse of Harthacnut's coin,
dotted segments of a circle
Hmb and
a larger one in centre of a voided cross.
This curious piece
on Round Towers in Ireland.' It came
from Dr. Aquilla Smith of Dublin in 1S54. Weight, 15-5 grs.; very fine
and very rare."
is
The
engraved
in
legends are
Dr. Petrie's work
'
:
Obverse— -^WU.wmUVAW:.
Reverse.
—
-J-
LI
IJ/E
IHF
llll-
The Coins of
90
£2 \os. at
common coin
This coin cost
that
it
quite a
is
be bought
is
the
Denmark, and
in
there at five shillings each
on
figured
IX,
Plate
tells
me
any number can
that
work it
King Swend's
In Mr. P. Hauberg's
!
and
38,
The obverse
Roskilde mint.
Bruun
the Sale, yet Mr. L. E.
attributed
is
to
very similar to that of No. 235 with
is
the addition of the three ring ornaments between the three shields but
Lindsay gives an
without the cross pattee.
coin, Plate
19,
I,
in the British
legends
where he
Museum
attributes
in the
it
illustration
A
Anlaf VI.
to
Hiberno-Danish
of the same
similar coin
is
series with the following
:
Obverse.—^
Reverse.
Hllir-fllCII-MIPIL
134-
-i-lll
HII
HOI
Weight,
17-3 grs.
No. 241 has on the obverse, a central cross pattee with a blundered
legend between two beaded
circles
obverse with the addition of a pellet
the reverse
;
in
is
similar
to
the
each angle of the cross pattee
:
possibly both dies were reverses.
Obverse.—^- OOE+lbrlPIELhN
Reverse.
—
-i-
OOIKt--VMuFLH
Weight, 46
grs. (2-98
grammes).
In the
Copenhagen Museum.
The
coin has a square
flan.
This coin resembles No. 241, but the obverse (?)has no
and there are no pellets in the angles of the cross pattee on
No. 242.
inner circle,
the reverse.
Obverse.—^ :l-:-MILllOMLO
HI-OI-OLnOI Weight, 402
Reverse.
—
grs.
cabinet.
Mr. L.
I[.
Bruun
is
of opinion that both this coin and No. 241 are
probably Norwegian.
It
might interest the members of the Society
collected the materials for this paper.
and was much disappointed not
Hiberno-Danish
coinage
in
the
to
I
paid a special
find
coin
to
a
single
cabinet
of
learn
visit
to
how
I
Dublin
specimen of the
Trinity
College
The Coins of
Library
the
91
they had disappeared from the numismatic collection there
:
some mysterious way, and they could not be found
in
spite of a
in
by the courteous Assistant Librarian, Mr. Alfred de
was more fortunate at the Irish National Museum where I
diligent search
Burgfh.
I
examined the
Hiberno-Danish coins belonofins
series of
matic collection of the
Royal
Irish
Academy, which
to the
numis-
placed on deposit
is
there under the care of the learned Director, G. N. Count Plunkett.
Mr. R. Lloyd Praeger, the Librarian of the Royal
obtained permission for
specimens
several
me
to
Academy, kindly
have wax impressions made of the
Last
required.
I
Copenhagen and Helsingfors
Irish
year
Stockholm,
visited
I
Finland solely for the purpose of
in
examining the Hiberno-Danish coins
in
Stockholm, Professor Montelius, who
a well
is
those
At
towns.
several
known Honorary Fellow
of the Society of Antiquaries, London, and his assistant, Mrs. Nostrom,
in the
Museum
Coin Department of the University
{^Kungl. Vitterhets
me
Historic och Atitikvitets Akademien) kindly supplied
the
many specimens
me by
I
The same
desired.
with casts of
kindness was extended to
Copenhagen Royal Museum,
and Professor Otto Alcenius of the Helsingfors University Museum.
This last gentleman was away in the country when I arrived at
it
was entirely owing to the kindness of
Helsingfors, and
Mr. A. V. Mannelin, the manager of the Finland Bank, that I was able
Professor Dr. C. Jorgensen of the
to obtain permission to
which
Finland
Mr. Mannelin
interest
is
my
in
are
examine the Hiberno-Danish coins found
not a numismatist, but he and his wife took
placing
researches,
many hours
disposal,
and induced Professor Otto Alcenius
country
to
meet
E.
Bruun of
Mr.
L.
collection of
Our
me.
it
was impracticable
of the coins
in
specially over to
President,
Mr.
his
Danish
to
me
at
in
my
of their time at
my
return from
the
to
on
colleague
Copenhagen, placed
Anglo-Saxon coins
his valuable time to helping
that
Museum.
much
University
Helsingfors
the
in
in
his
service,
almost
every possible way.
which
I
required,
London and had them copied
Carlyon-Britton, also gave
Council,
unrivalled
and devoted much of
have satisfactory casts made
cabinet
the
me
He
ascertained
Copenhagen
so he brought them
for
in
me
here.
Our
his valuable advice
The Coins of
92
and also
of
for
the
many months
Hiberno-Uanish
coins
me
entrusted
purpose
the
for
with his unique collection
of
study.
Lastly,
Mr. H. A. Grueber, the Keeper of Coins at the British Museum, gave
me
every
To
facility for
all
obtaining casts of the specimens
these ladies and gentlemen
their courteous kindness, in
wished.
I
here tender
I
several instances to
me
my
thanks for
a stranger in a
foreign country.
I
have also
to
thank the Editors of the British Numismatic
Journal for the encouragement they have accorded my work, in the
prompt expression of their opinion that the subject was so involved
and obscure in British numismatics, that it justified the illustration of
a complete series of the varieties of the Hiberno-Danish issues and
the ten plates accompanying this monograph are the outcome of that
;
opinion.
Although
this
might add expense, than
materials for
interest
to
it
I
me
more time and work, and I
anticipated when I first began to collect
paper has cost
some three years ago,
and pleasure
be of some use to
far
it
has been a source of great
amply rewarded if it proves
future students of the coins of the Danish Kings
to
me, and
I
shall feel
of Ireland.
Harrison ana Sons, Printas in Ordinary
to
His
late
Majesty, St. Martin's Lane, London.
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY
Los Angeles
This book
is
DUE on the last date stamped below.
MCTDIP-URC
EP
4 1984
000 016 135
f

The coins of the Danish kings of Ireland : Hiberno

Transcription

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