Leaflet - European Bird Census Council

Transcription

We also thank N. Schäffer, D. W. Gibbons, J. Tavares and A. Teller for
help and general support.
A. van Strien, A. Gmelig Meyling and T. van der Meij (Statistics
Netherlands) contributed with final data analysis and computation
procedure.
Many thanks go to the individuals and organisations responsible
for national data collation from volunteers and further data analysis:
N. Teufelbauer, J.-P. Jacob, T. Kinet, J.-Y. Paquet, C. Vansteenwegen,
A. Weiserbs, I. Hristov, M. Hellicar, J. Neal, D. Pomeroy, J. Stylianou,
T. Telenský, Z. Vermouzek, H. Heldbjerg, M. Lerche-Jørgensen, J. Elts,
A. Kuresoo, R. Nellis, H. Pehlak, A. Lehikoinen, R. A. Väisänen, F. Jiguet,
T. Kominos, D. Portolou, M. Flade, J. Schwarz, S. Trautmann, K. Nagy,
T. Szép, D. Coombes, O. Crowe, E. de Carli, G. Tellini Florenzano,
L. Fornasari, P. Rossi, A. Auniņš, O. Keišs, I. Ķerus, I. Mārdega, A. Boele,
J. van Bruggen, A. van Dijk, C. Plate, W. Teunissen, C. van Turnhout,
J.-W. Vergeer, M. Husby, J. Atle Kålås, R. Vang, T. Chodkiewicz, P. Chylarecki, B. Wozniak, D. Leitão, R. Martins, A. Meirinho, L. Božič, J. Figelj,
P. Kmecl, J. Ridzoň, K. Slabeyová, J. Topercer, M. Anton, V. Escandell,
S. Herrando, J. C. del Moral, M. Green, Å. Lindström, H. Schmid,
M. Spiess, D. G. Noble, A. R. Renwick, K. Risely.
Above all, very special thanks to the many thousands of
skilled volunteer counters responsible for data collection.
Acknowledgements
Sole responsibility for the contents of this report
lies with the authors; the European Commission
is not responsible for any use that may be made
of the information contained in this document.
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme (PECBMS)
PECBMS is a joint initiative of the European
Bird Census Council (EBCC) and BirdLife
International. It has been supported financially
since 2002 by the Royal Society for Protection of
Birds (RSPB, the BirdLife International Partner
in the UK), and since January 2006 by the
European Commission and RSPB.
Spain
Slovakia
Slovenia
Citation: PECBMS 2012. Population Trends of Common European
Breeding Birds 2012. CSO, Prague.
Layout: J. Kaláček. Printed by JAVA Třeboň, Czech Republic.
Cover photo: Common Whitethroat by J. Bohdal (naturfoto.cz).
Poland
Norway
Portugal
Compiled by: A. Klvaňová, J. Škorpilová, P. Voříšek, R. D. Gregory and
I. J. Burfield. PECBMS contact: Petr Voříšek, project coordinator,
Czech Society for Ornithology, Na Bělidle 252/34,
CZ-150 00, Praha 5 – Smíchov, Czech Republic.
E-mail: [email protected].
Italy
Latvia
Netherlands
Norway
Photo by D. Jirovský (wildbirdphoto.eu)
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Denmark
Austria
Belgium
Italy
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
PECBMS national data providers
Population Trends
of Common European Breeding Birds 2012
Data
Also some forest birds have declined.
Since 1980 the European population of
the Willow Tit has dropped by 69% –
an estimated loss of several millions
individuals.
Indicators
Grey Partridge belongs to the species
contributing to decline in the abundance as well
as in the biomass of farmland birds across
Europe. During thirty years (1980-2010) its
population experienced an estimated loss of
several millions individuals.
We estimate the numbers of Meadow Pipit
dropped by few tens of millions individuals
in Europe between 1980 and 2010. The decline
represents a 66% reduction of this farmland
species’ population in Europe.
In this update, we present
indicators based on increased
number of species. For the first
time we were able to include data
on Black Grouse, Red-spotted
Bluethroat and Red-legged
Partridge. The overall pattern of
population changes has remained
unchanged. The decline of
common farmland birds has been
pronounced and common forest
birds still appear to keep stable.
Photo by P. Šaj (birdphoto.cz)
Summary
e This leaflet presents the combined bird
species trends of 148 common bird
species based on data collected from
25 European countries, covering the
period 1980–2010.
e Of the 148 species covered, 41 have
increased moderately and 2 strongly,
55 have declined moderately and
2 steeply, while 37 have remained stable.
In 11 cases do species’ trends remain
uncertain.
e 37 species were classified as farmland
birds, of which 22 declined, 6 increased,
6 remained stable and trends of 3 were
classified as uncertain.
e 33 species were classified as forest birds,
of which 10 declined, 11 increased,
e The other 78 species were classified
as other common birds, and included
generalists and specialists of other habitats. Of these, 25 declined, 26 increased,
e In addition to species’ trends and indices
it is relevant to explore the changes
in bird abundance and biomass. The
biodiversity loss presented by absolute
numbers of individuals and tons of
biomass might bring a complementary
message not only to researchers but also
to the public and policy makers.
The wild bird indicators for Europe. The numbers in parentheses show the numbers of species in each indicator.
The numbers in italics show the numbers of species in each indicator which are moderately or steeply declining
,
moderately or strongly increasing , stable — and uncertain ? . For explanation of categories of species’ trend
see the table (reverse side of this leaflet).

Photo by D. Boucný (birdphoto.cz)
The absolute numbers of bird individuals that we have lost in last
three decades is alarming. This loss
corresponds well with the index of
biomass of farmland birds which has
more than halved during that period
(Voříšek et al. 2010, http://www.bou.
org.uk/bouproc-net/lfb3/vorisek-etal.
pdf). Even though there are 6 farmland species increasing, such as the
Common Whitethroat, their rising
Countries contributing their data to PECBMS.
The data are derived from annually operated breeding bird
surveys in 25 countries, spanning different periods, coordinated
through the PECBMS. More than 10 000 volunteer counters
took part in the surveys. New development in computation
techniques allowed us to use data from multiple schemes
within one country (Belgium, Cyprus, France, Germany, Latvia,
Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden). For details and methods
see http://www.ebcc.info/methods2012.html.
numbers cannot compensate for
the huge loss of individuals of the
declining species. Well known and
previously common and abundant
species such as Tree Sparrow or
Yellowhammer are dissappearing
from Europe’s contemporary agriculture landscape. Further investigations
to explain possible effect of these biodiversity changes on the ecosystem
function and services are needed.
Abundance of selected farmland birds in Europe.
Legend for Table
The quality of outputs may differ species by species.
In some cases, the coverage of species’ populations
and thus the representativeness of the data may be
lower at the beginning of the time series (for information on the time span and the list of countries contributing with their data for individual species, see
http://www.ebcc.info/trends2012.html). Furthermore,
year to year fluctuations might not always reflect real
population change, so we recommend cautious interpretation of year by year changes. Readers should
also pay attention to individual species’ legends.
Long/short-term trend: change (in %) in an index
value between first and last year of a time period.
Long/short-term annual change:
average percentage change per year.
Long-term: 1980–2010, Short-term: 1990–2010.
Trend classification: strong increase,
moderate increase, — stable,
moderate
decline,
steep decline, ? uncertain.

Habitat: for – forest, farm – farmland, oth – other.
1Long-term trend not available.
2 Long-term trend: 1981–2010.
5 Short-term trend: 1991–2010.
9 Index for early period may be unrepresentative
due to limited geographical coverage and
needs to be treated with caution.
10 Index might be influenced by releases by hunters.
11Index only represents population change of
subspecies Luscinia svecica svecica.
Population Trends of Common European Breeding Birds 2012
Trend classification
Long-term
The multiplicative overall slope estimate (trend
value) in TRIM is converted into one of the following categories. The category depends on
the overall slope, as well as its 95% confidence
interval (= slope +/- 1.96 times the standard error of the slope).
e Strong increase – increase significantly more
than 5% per year (5% would mean a doubling
in abundance within 15 years). Criterion: lower
limit of confidence interval > 1.05.
e Moderate increase – significant increase, but
not significantly more than 5% per year. Criterion:
1.00 < lower limit of confidence interval < 1.05.
e Stable – no significant increase or decline,
and most probable trends are less than 5% per
year. Criterion: confidence interval encloses 1.00
but lower limit > 0.95 and upper limit < 1.05.
e Uncertain – no significant increase or decline,
and unlikely trends are less than 5% per year.
Criterion: confidence interval encloses 1.00 but
lower limit < 0.95 or upper limit > 1.05.
e Moderate decline – significant decline, but
not significantly more than 5% per year. Criterion:
0.95 < upper limit of confidence interval < 1.00.
e Steep decline – decline significantly more
than 5% per year (5% would mean a halving in
abundance within 15 years). Criterion: upper
limit of confidence interval < 0.95.
For more details on species trends, including standard
errors, see http://www.ebcc.info/trends2012.html.
Long-term
Species
Accipiter nisus
Eurasian Sparrowhawk 9
Acrocephalus arundinaceus Great Reed-warbler 3, 9
Acrocephalus palustris
Marsh Warbler
Class.
Short-term
Class. Habitat
Trend
Annual
Trend
Annual
Class.
Class. Habitat
(%) Change (%)
(%) Change (%)
-1
-1
13
-0.18
0.86
-0.15
—
—
—
-32
-65
-16
-2.32
-2.34
0.33
?

—
for
oth
oth
Acrocephalus
schoenobaenus
Sedge Warbler
-11
0.14
—
7
0.26
—
oth
Acrocephalus scirpaceus
Actitis hypoleucos
Aegithalos caudatus
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris rufa
Anas platyrhynchos
Anthus campestris
Anthus pratensis
Anthus trivialis
Apus apus
Ardea cinerea
Bombycilla garrulus
Bonasa bonasia
Burhinus oedicnemus
Buteo buteo
Calandrella brachydactyla
Carduelis cannabina
Carduelis carduelis
Carduelis chloris
Carduelis flammea
Carduelis spinus
Carpodacus erythrinus
Certhia brachydactyla
Certhia familiaris
Cettia cetti
Eurasian Reed-warbler
Common Sandpiper
Long-tailed Tit
Eurasian Skylark
Red-legged Partridge 1, 6
Mallard 10
Tawny Pipit 1, 5, 9
Meadow Pipit
Tree Pipit
Common Swift
Grey Heron
Bohemian Waxwing 1
Hazel Grouse
Eurasian Thick-knee 1, 6
Common Buzzard
Greater Short-toed Lark 1, 6
Eurasian Linnet
European Goldfinch
European Greenfinch
Common Redpoll
Eurasian Siskin
Common Rosefinch
Short-toed Treecreeper 3, 9
Eurasian Treecreeper
Cetti’s Warbler 1
-2
-28
74
-48
-0.12
-1.24
0.97
-1.81
—

42
0.83

-66
-51
4
196
-2.76
-2.57
0.09
2.98

—

-25
-0.88
—
92
2.43

-62
-3
28
-64
6
-14
3
-9
-3.42
1.95
0.45
-1.87
-0.97
-0.70
1.76
-0.26

—

—
-1
-26
1
-24
-12
-24
-75
-55
-35
21
17
280
-17
-11
-16
4
-51
8
-16
-8
-6
-43
51
-3
491
-0.42
-1.12
1.04
-1.54
-0.78
-0.74
-2.47
-3.96
-1.98
1.82
2.23
11.72
-0.80
0.91
-0.68
0.15
-4.74
0.10
-0.64
-0.73
-1.77
-3.16
2.72
-0.83
3.74
—

—

?

—

—
—
—
—

—
—
—

oth
oth
oth
farm
farm
oth
farm
farm
for
oth
oth
for
for
farm
oth
farm
farm
oth
oth
oth
for
oth
for
for
oth
Species
Short-term
Long-term
Species
Class. Trend
Class. Habitat
Trend
Annual
Annual
(%) Change (%)
(%) Change (%)
Ciconia ciconia
Circus aeruginosus
Cisticola juncidis
White Stork 3, 9
Western Marsh-harrier
Zitting Cisticola 1, 6
240
351
4.42
4.21

32
14
-37
2.27
-0.71
-0.92

—

farm
oth
oth
Coccothraustes
coccothraustes
Hawfinch 9
474
1.66

-31
-1.02
—
for
Columba oenas
Columba palumbus
Corvus corax
Corvus corone & cornix
Corvus frugilegus
Corvus monedula
Cuculus canorus
Cyanopica cyanus
Cygnus olor
Delichon urbicum
Dendrocopos major
Dendrocopos medius
Dendrocopos minor
Dendrocopos syriacus
Dryocopus martius
Emberiza cia
Emberiza cirlus
Emberiza citrinella
Emberiza hortulana
Emberiza melanocephala
Emberiza rustica
Emberiza schoeniclus
Erithacus rubecula
Falco tinnunculus
Ficedula albicollis
Stock Dove
Common Wood-pigeon
Common Raven
Carrion & Hooded Crow
Rook
Eurasian Jackdaw 9
Common Cuckoo
Azure-winged Magpie 1, 6
Mute Swan
Northern House-martin
Great Spotted Woodpecker
Middle Spotted Woodpecker 1
Lesser Spotted Woodpecker 9
Syrian Woodpecker 1, 7
Black Woodpecker
Rock Bunting 1, 6
Cirl Bunting 1
Yellowhammer
Ortolan Bunting 9
Black-headed Bunting 1, 8
Rustic Bunting
Reed Bunting
European Robin
Common Kestrel
Collared Flycatcher 3, 9
28
103
75
30
51
23
-19
0.82
1.91
2.25
0.68
1.25
-0.43
-1.16
—

—

32
-8
65
1.87
-1.38
1.69

-78
-3.40
?
123
1.68

-42
-87
-1.49
-6.22

-81
-24
15
-38
186
-5.48
-0.71
1.12
-0.83
2.46

27
39
31
8
28
-19
-13
43
43
-9
24
14
-63
-3
54
33
45
-23
-52
21
-76
-17
4
-42
79
1.09
1.83
0.88
0.46
1.13
-1.10
-0.54
3.78
1.59
-1.28
2.19
1.29
-4.27
-3.78
2.12
0.30
3.33
-0.81
-1.28
0.30
-7.73
-0.96
0.69
-2.74
0.41
—

—
—

—

—
?
?
—
—

—
?

—
for
oth
oth
oth
farm
oth
oth
for
oth
oth
oth
for
for
oth
for
oth
farm
farm
farm
farm
for
oth
oth
farm
for
Ficedula hypoleuca
Fringilla coelebs
Fringilla montifringilla
Fulica atra
Galerida cristata
Galerida theklae
Gallinago gallinago
Gallinula chloropus
Garrulus glandarius
Hippolais icterina
Hippolais polyglotta
Hirundo rupestris
Hirundo rustica
Jynx torquilla
Lanius collurio
Lanius minor
Lanius senator
Limosa limosa
Locustella fluviatilis
European Pied Flycatcher
Eurasian Chaffinch
Brambling
Common Coot 9
Crested Lark 3, 9
Thekla Lark 1, 6
Common Snipe
Common Moorhen
Eurasian Jay
Icterine Warbler
Melodious Warbler 1
Eurasian Crag-martin 1, 6
Barn Swallow
Eurasian Wryneck 9
Red-backed Shrike
Lesser Grey Shrike 1, 7
Woodchat Shrike 1, 6
Black-tailed Godwit 4
Eurasian River Warbler 3, 9
-19
13
-76
32
-95
-1.20
0.21
-3.59
1.03
-10.75

-53
-9
22
-33
-2.19
0.41
0.84
-1.64

—

5
-50
-42
-0.47
-2.92
0.18
—

—
-1.61
-0.04
-3.28
-0.19
3.97
2.38
-0.98
0.47
1.72
-1.20
-0.87
-0.15
-1.63
-2.13
0.42
-6.10
-2.28
-3.55
-3.57

—

—
?

—

—
—

—

for
oth
oth
oth
farm
farm
oth
oth
for
oth
oth
oth
farm
oth
farm
farm
farm
farm
oth
Locustella naevia
Common Grasshopperwarbler
Lullula arborea
Luscinia luscinia
Luscinia megarhynchos
Luscinia svecica svecica
Melanocorypha calandra
Merops apiaster
Miliaria calandra
Motacilla alba
Motacilla cinerea
Motacilla flava
Muscicapa striata
Nucifraga caryocatactes
Numenius phaeopus
Oenanthe hispanica
Wood Lark 9
Thrush Nightingale
Common Nightingale
Red-spotted Bluethroat 1, 8, 11
Calandra Lark 1, 6
European Bee-eater 1
Corn Bunting
White Wagtail
Grey Wagtail 3, 9
Yellow Wagtail
Spotted Flycatcher
Spotted Nutcracker
Whimbrel 4
Black-eared Wheatear 1, 6
-40
-68
-2.88
-2.45

-24
-1
-43
-3
0
24
-40
-5
31
-3
-18
17
-15
-33
21
-52
-28
-50
-59
-51
-0.68
—
-25
-1.41
—
oth
-5
-6
-61
3.01
-0.07
-1.76
?
—

-63
-12
-47
-50
-39
45
19
-3.21
-0.34
-1.38
-2.39
-1.79
0.24
0.21

—

—
—
34
-15
0
2
-30
76
-23
-27
-45
2
-15
-52
51
-11
0.43
-0.60
0.45
-5.19
-4.00
0.20
-1.43
-0.76
-2.22
0.50
-1.25
-1.92
1.40
-2.06
—
—
—

?

—

—
—
—
—

oth
oth
oth
oth
farm
oth
farm
oth
oth
farm
oth
for
oth
farm
Oenanthe oenanthe
Oriolus oriolus
Parus ater
Parus caeruleus
Parus cristatus
Parus major
Parus montanus
Parus palustris
Passer domesticus
Passer montanus
Perdix perdix
Petronia petronia
Phoenicurus ochruros
Phoenicurus phoenicurus
Phylloscopus bonelli
Phylloscopus collybita
Phylloscopus sibilatrix
Phylloscopus trochilus
Pica pica
Picus canus
Picus viridis
Pluvialis apricaria
Prunella modularis
Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax
Pyrrhula pyrrhula
Regulus ignicapilla
Regulus regulus
Saxicola rubetra
Saxicola torquatus
Serinus serinus
Northern Wheatear 9
Eurasian Golden Oriole 3
Coal Tit
Blue Tit
Crested Tit
Great Tit
Willow Tit
Marsh Tit
House Sparrow
Eurasian Tree Sparrow
Grey Partridge
Rock Sparrow 1, 6
Black Redstart 3, 9
Common Redstart
Bonelli’s Warbler 1
Common Chiffchaff
Wood Warbler
Willow Warbler
Black-billed Magpie
Grey-faced Woodpecker 3, 9
Eurasian Green Woodpecker
Eurasian Golden Plover 2, 9
Hedge Accentor
Red-billed Chough 1, 6
Eurasian Bullfinch
Firecrest 3, 9
Goldcrest
Whinchat
Common Stonechat 1
European Serin 3, 9
Sitta europaea
Streptopelia decaocto
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus unicolor
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia atricapilla
Sylvia borin
Sylvia cantillans
Sylvia communis
Sylvia curruca
Sylvia hortensis
Sylvia melanocephala
Sylvia nisoria
Sylvia undata
Tetrao tetrix
Tringa glareola
Tringa ochropus
Tringa totanus
Troglodytes troglodytes
Turdus iliacus
Turdus merula
Turdus philomelos
Turdus pilaris
Turdus viscivorus
Upupa epops
Vanellus vanellus
Wood Nuthatch
Eurasian Collared-dove
European Turtle-dove
Spotless Starling 1, 6
Common Starling
Blackcap
Garden Warbler
Subalpine Warbler 1
Common Whitethroat
Lesser Whitethroat
Orphean Warbler 1
Sardinian Warbler 1
Barred Warbler 3, 9
Dartford Warbler 1, 6
Black Grouse 1, 8
Wood Sandpiper
Green Sandpiper 9
Common Redshank
Winter Wren
Redwing
Eurasian Blackbird
Song Thrush
Fieldfare
Mistle Thrush
Eurasian Hoopoe 3, 9
Northern Lapwing
Short-term
Class. Trend
Class. Habitat
Trend
Annual
Annual
(%) Change (%)
(%) Change (%)
-61
16
-7
45
-36
14
-69
-22
-61
-57
-94
-2.99
0.29
-0.53
1.31
-0.81
0.31
-3.18
-1.39
-2.21
-2.10
-10.12

—
—

—

70
25
1.08
0.82

85
-36
-31
-1
244
51
-8
-32
1.89
-2.35
-1.55
-1.04
2.29
2.68
-0.63
-1.19

?

—

-42
-25
-51
-71
-1.70
-0.22
-1.68
-2.07

—

-31
-2.67

85
94
-73
1.51
1.63
-3.89

-52
119
-18
-1.81
2.83
-0.73

23
-18
1.07
0.16

—
-53
-3.69
?
-28
-4
-51
29
-12
25
2
-13
-21
141
-50
-0.77
0.98
-2.38
1.61
-0.24
1.12
0.40
0.11
-0.75
3.44
-2.93

—

?

-54
26
-19
41
-10
19
-54
4
-5
-9
-90
13
9
69
-33
-11
-37
-31
-41
-22
51
61
-13
71
-18
-36
-64
-24
22
-23
-2.97
1.29
-1.23
1.80
0.39
0.89
-2.04
0.31
-0.31
-1.67
-12.38
1.34
0.21
1.57
-1.28
-0.44
-2.97
-1.61
-3.38
-1.37
2.65
1.14
-0.68
1.54
-2.78
-0.19
-2.90
-0.55
-0.03
-2.12

—
—

—

—
—

?

—

—
—

oth
oth
for
oth
for
oth
for
for
oth
farm
farm
farm
oth
for
for
for
for
oth
oth
for
oth
oth
oth
oth
for
for
for
farm
farm
farm
-2
155
-29
45
-9
47
-17
62
0
6
108
95
-47
-53
-5
7
0
-46
-10
-9
24
24
-48
-9
-23
-35
0.31
4.40
-1.16
2.14
-0.86
2.37
-0.78
4.29
0.22
0.09
9.28
1.44
-3.98
-5.15
3.41
-0.87
0.58
-3.13
0.98
0.17
1.05
1.24
-1.50
-0.49
0.04
-2.07
—

?
—
—

—

—
—

—

—
—

for
oth
farm
farm
farm
oth
oth
oth
farm
oth
oth
oth
oth
oth
oth
oth
for
oth
oth
oth
oth
oth
oth
for
farm
farm
Species names: BirdLife International (2011). The BirdLife checklist of the birds of the world, with conservation
status and taxonomic sources. Version 4. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.info/im/species/checklist.zip
Table with species names ordered according to taxonomy can be found on http://www.ebcc.info/trends2012.html.