presentation slides

DNA Analytica Srl
Spin off of the University of Trieste (Italy)
Coffee DNA and all that….
Giorgio Graziosi
DNA Analytica Srl
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R
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FA
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CO
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PRODUCER
Reduce stature
Resistance to pathogens
Resistance to hostile
environment
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CONSUMER
good
caffeine
caffeine
bad
Quality of the beverage
caffeine
Low caffeine
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Goals ot the Genetic Research
1. Identification of good
agronomic traits
Resistance to pests and diseases
Flowering synchronization, Productivity and more
2. Identification of quality
characteristics and more
Cell wall thickness, solubility, bean uniformity
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GENES AND ENVIRONMENT
Coffee quality is the result
of the interaction
Genes / Environment
Environment: soil, rain, post harvesting, etc
We cannot have a good coffee
if we do not start from good
genes and good plants
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Coffee
Species identification
Arabica versus Robusta
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Coffee genetic composition
Robusta
C. eugenioides
22 chromosomes
1.7 Gbp
C. canephora
22 chromosomes
1.7 Gbp
Arabica
C. arabica
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chromosomes
3.2 Gpb
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1
2
3
4
5
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255 bp
230 bp
Agarose electrophoresis of a PCR fragment of the EST
18. Columns 1, 2, 3: C. arabica. Column 4: C.
eugenioides. Column 5: C. canephora. Column 6: ladder.
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Checking the level of the blend
Arabica/Robusta
1. Small molecules analysis (until now)
2. DNA analysis (from now on)
The problem of Catimor and Sarcimor
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Coffea arabica
Variety identification
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Genetic base ant quality (taste)
Granny Smith
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Golden Delicious
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Enviroment effect
Normal Granny Smith
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Suffered Granny Smith
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Rules governing varieties are the same for apple and for coffee.
1 Arabica caracolite 2 Arabica normale 3 Robusta normale
4 Arabica normale
5 Liberica normale
WE CANNOT HAVE A GOOD COFFE IF WE NOT START
FROM A GOOD PLANT WITH GOOD GENES
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The Geisha Story
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¾
Panama 2004
The Hacienda La Esmeralda at Boquete, tasted
their coffee according the different fields
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Daniel Peterson finds that the coffee coming
from Jaramillo was very good, much better than
the other fields.
¾
The Jaramillo coffee was only one botanical
variety: Geisha.
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Commercia history of Esmeralda Especial
•2004 - $21US per lb
•2005 - $20US per lb
•2006 - $50US per lb
•2007 - $130US per lb
•2008 – 229 bags for about $ 400,000)
• The marketing of coffee by the variety
offers advantages to the producer as
well as to the traders and roasters
(market diversification)
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The sailing bean!
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American
agaro1 1
agaro1 15
agaro1 22
agaro3 18
agaro3
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agaro
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agaro 11
agar 1 5
aga o3 11
r
aga o3 17
aga ro3 5
ag ro3 2
ag aro3 3
ag aro1 13
ag aro1 9
ag aro 10
ag aro 1 7
a ar 3 1
ag garo o3 4
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Varieties
Indian
Yirga ch’efè
Agaro
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yir irga 23
ga 9
yir 1
yi ga 4
yir rga 3
yir ga 21 7
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yir a 20
ga
yirg 18
yirg a 6
yirg a 2
yirg a 1
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yirga 7
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yirga 1
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yirga 16
yirga 8
yirga 4
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a ar o3 9
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ag aro 1 6
ag aro 19
ag aro2 2
ag aro1 8
ag ro2 0
aga ro2 1
aga ro2 9
aga ro2 11
aga o1 3
agar 1 18
agaro 19
1
agaro
12
agaro2
agaro2 14
agaro2 15
agaro1 4
agaro1 17
agaro1 20
agaro2 2
agaro2 20
agaro2
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agaro
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agaro 22
agar 3 12
aga o3 10
r
aga o2 4
aga ro3 6
yir ro2 6
ag ga 22
ag aro2
ag aro2 17
ag aro 18
ag aro 2 3
a ar 3 3
yi garo o3 2
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ag ga 1 4
ar 1 13
o2 9
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o2 1
ar o1 23
ag ar o2 24
ag gar o1 24
a ar o2 6
ag ar 3 1
ag aro 218
ag hiop 16
Et aro1 23
ag aro1 3
ag ro2 1
aga ro3 7
aga ro3 15
aga a 12
yirg o2 7
agar 3 21
agaro 343
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DNA Analytica Srl
Spin-off of the University of Trieste
Established 2011
Main field of activity : DNA analysis
Coffee DNA
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Two patents:
1)Arabica/Robusta blends (%)
2) Arabica varieties identification
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1. Correspondence sample/bulk
shipment
2. Checking the level of the blend
Arabica/Robusta
3. Origin Certification (data bank)
4. Genetically Modified Organisms
(GMO/nonGMO)
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Thank you for your attention
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