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LSD and Consciousness - UCSD Cognitive Science
History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion LSD and Consciousness Arya Salehi Kristin Iwata Sean Cross University of California, San Diego June 1, 2007 Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross LSD and Consciousness UCSD History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion Outline 1 History 2 Background of Affected Systems 3 Effects of LSD 4 LSD and Consciousness 5 Discussion Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross LSD and Consciousness UCSD History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion Outline 1 History 2 Background of Affected Systems 3 Effects of LSD 4 LSD and Consciousness 5 Discussion Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross LSD and Consciousness UCSD History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion Initial Synthesis Initial Discovery in Basel, Switzerland, 1938 Dr. Albert Hofmann No apparent interesting effects Testing discontinued the experimental animals became restless during the narcosis Bicycle Day April 19, 1943 Found unremarkable properties curious Self-experimentation Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross LSD and Consciousness UCSD History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion Initial Synthesis Initial Discovery in Basel, Switzerland, 1938 Dr. Albert Hofmann No apparent interesting effects Testing discontinued the experimental animals became restless during the narcosis Bicycle Day April 19, 1943 Found unremarkable properties curious Self-experimentation Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross LSD and Consciousness UCSD History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion Bicycle Day Notebook 4/19/43 16:20 - 0.5 cc of 1/2 promil aqueous solution of diethylamide tartrate orally = 0.25 mg tartrate. Taken diluted with about 10 cc water. Tasteless. Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross LSD and Consciousness UCSD History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion Bicycle Day Notebook 4/19/43 16:20 - 0.5 cc of 1/2 promil aqueous solution of diethylamide tartrate orally = 0.25 mg tartrate. Taken diluted with about 10 cc water. Tasteless. 17:00 - Beginning dizziness, feeling of anxiety, visual distortions, symptoms of paralysis, desire to laugh. Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross LSD and Consciousness UCSD History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion Bicycle Day Notebook 4/19/43 16:20 - 0.5 cc of 1/2 promil aqueous solution of diethylamide tartrate orally = 0.25 mg tartrate. Taken diluted with about 10 cc water. Tasteless. 17:00 - Beginning dizziness, feeling of anxiety, visual distortions, symptoms of paralysis, desire to laugh. Supplement of 4/21: Home by bicycle. From 18:00- ca.20:00 most severe crisis. Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross LSD and Consciousness UCSD History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion Bicycle Day Notebook 4/19/43 16:20 - 0.5 cc of 1/2 promil aqueous solution of diethylamide tartrate orally = 0.25 mg tartrate. Taken diluted with about 10 cc water. Tasteless. 17:00 - Beginning dizziness, feeling of anxiety, visual distortions, symptoms of paralysis, desire to laugh. Supplement of 4/21: Home by bicycle. From 18:00- ca.20:00 most severe crisis. (See special report.) Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross LSD and Consciousness UCSD History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion Outline 1 History 2 Background of Affected Systems 3 Effects of LSD 4 LSD and Consciousness 5 Discussion Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross LSD and Consciousness UCSD History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion Serotonergic Systems Functions Mood Learning and memory Cognition in Prefrontal Cortex Receptors More than 15 receptor types 5-HT#[n] 5-HT1A in limbic system 5-HT2A in CNS Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross LSD and Consciousness UCSD History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion Serotonergic Systems Functions Mood Learning and memory Cognition in Prefrontal Cortex Receptors More than 15 receptor types 5-HT#[n] 5-HT1A in limbic system 5-HT2A in CNS Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross LSD and Consciousness UCSD History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion Dopaminergic Systems Functions Reward Movement Receptors D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 Some excitatory, some inhibitory Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross LSD and Consciousness UCSD History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion Dopaminergic Systems Functions Reward Movement Receptors D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 Some excitatory, some inhibitory Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross LSD and Consciousness UCSD History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion Outline 1 History 2 Background of Affected Systems 3 Effects of LSD 4 LSD and Consciousness 5 Discussion Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross LSD and Consciousness UCSD History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion Effects of LSD on Serotonin Agonist or antagonist? Initially, reported to be serotonergic antagonist Later, found to modulate serotonergic function Suggested that LSD has direct agonist effect Receptors affected 5-HT2A affected most 5-HT1A affected somewhat Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross LSD and Consciousness UCSD History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion Effects of LSD on Serotonin Agonist or antagonist? Initially, reported to be serotonergic antagonist Later, found to modulate serotonergic function Suggested that LSD has direct agonist effect Receptors affected 5-HT2A affected most 5-HT1A affected somewhat Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross LSD and Consciousness UCSD History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion Effects of LSD on Serotonin Electrophysiology Hallucinogens increase evoked responses in neurons Modulating hallucinations 5-HT1A activation inhibits 5-HT 5-HT1A agonists increase the stimulus effects of LSD Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross LSD and Consciousness UCSD History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion Effects of LSD on Serotonin Electrophysiology Hallucinogens increase evoked responses in neurons Modulating hallucinations 5-HT1A activation inhibits 5-HT 5-HT1A agonists increase the stimulus effects of LSD Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross LSD and Consciousness UCSD History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion Effects of LSD on Dopamine Dopaminergic affects Not many studies LSD activates dopaminergic systems Not at very low doses Not in nucleus accumbens Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross LSD and Consciousness UCSD History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion Outline 1 History 2 Background of Affected Systems 3 Effects of LSD 4 LSD and Consciousness 5 Discussion Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross LSD and Consciousness UCSD History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion Mystical Consciousness Stace’s nine categories Unity Objectivity and reality Transcendence of space & time Sense of sacredness Deeply-felt positive mood Paradoxicality Alleged and infallibility Transiency Positive changes in behavior Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross LSD and Consciousness UCSD History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion Psychedelic Experiences External senses All senses enhanced Synaesthesia Internal perception Subjects are certain of lucidity Perception and ego merge into one Time and space fluctuate Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross LSD and Consciousness UCSD History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion Psychedelic Experiences External senses All senses enhanced Synaesthesia Internal perception Subjects are certain of lucidity Perception and ego merge into one Time and space fluctuate Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross LSD and Consciousness UCSD History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion Reports of experiences Descriptive anomalies Paradoxicality of reports Limitations of language Sensitivity to stimuli Sensitivity to words Music influences visual patterns Greater linguistic discrimination Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross LSD and Consciousness UCSD History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion Reports of experiences Descriptive anomalies Paradoxicality of reports Limitations of language Sensitivity to stimuli Sensitivity to words Music influences visual patterns Greater linguistic discrimination Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross LSD and Consciousness UCSD History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion Outline 1 History 2 Background of Affected Systems 3 Effects of LSD 4 LSD and Consciousness 5 Discussion Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross LSD and Consciousness UCSD History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion Discussion Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross LSD and Consciousness UCSD