Executive Summary Damen Interceptor 1102

Executive Summary
High Speed
Craft
Damen Interceptor 1102
The Development of the Damen Interceptor 1102
Contents
High Speed
Craft
Damen Interceptor 1102
Contents
High Speed
Craft
Damen Interceptor 1102
Q
Damen Shipyards Group – History, Facts, Figures
Q
High Speed Craft - Ranges
Q
Proven Design
Q
Typical Interceptor Requirements
Q
Hull Form
Q
Stability
Q
Boat Trim
Q
Boat Handling
Q
Crew Ergonomics & Safety
Q
Communications
Q
Structural Design
Q
Structural Materials - Composites Choices
Q
Propulsor Choice – Volvo DPR
Q
Engine Choice – Volvo D6
Damen Shipyards Group
High Speed
Craft
History, facts, figures
Damen Shipyards Group turnover (2008)
Employees:
• The Netherlands
• Abroad
Operating Companies:
• The Netherlands
• Abroad
Delivered in 2008:
• Tugs / Workboats
• Offshore Vessels
• High Speed Craft & Ferries
• Dredging & Specials
• Cargo Vessels/Inland & Coastal
• Naval & Yachts
1.700 M€
2.300
5.700
17
17
78
9
46
10
18
5
Damen Shipyards Group
High Speed
Craft
History, facts, figures
Damen Shipyards is a family owned company which was founded in 1927.
In 1969 Damen was still a traditional yard, managed by two brothers, both having a son working in the
company. At that moment the company was specialized in small workboats, e.g. for the dredging industry.
One of the sons, Kommer Damen, developed the idea of taking hulls, superstructures and propulsion
systems on stock in order to be able to offer short delivery times combined with limited options for
customization. These modernist ideas of Kommer Damen were not well received by all involved. In the end,
the owners/brothers decided to retire and the company was split in two parts. Each of the sons got one of
these parts and both were free to follow their own strategy from that moment.
Kommer Damen immediately started to carry out his ideas. As the capacity of his yard was too limited to
build on stock, he decided to subcontract hulls and superstructures to small local yards in the surrounding
villages.
Nowadays, a lot has changed. In 40 years, Damen has grown from 8 to 8000 employees, working in 34
operating companies worldwide. The basic strategy however is still the same, be it that nowadays complete
vessels are built on stock all over the world by Damen.
High Speed Craft
High Speed
Craft
Damen Interceptors
Stan Patrols
Ranges
Fast Crew Suppliers
Stan Pilots
Stan Tenders
High Speed Craft
High Speed
Craft
Ranges
High Speed Craft is the Product Group which is responsible for all high speed craft, except Ferries.
During the years, High Speed Craft has developed the following ranges of standard vessels:
• Damen Interceptors
: Ultra high speed boats for Police Forces, Coast Guards and Navies
• Damen Stan Patrols
: Patrol vessels from 12 to 50 m (40’ to 165’) for Coast Guards and Navies
• Damen Fast Crew Suppliers : Fast workboats for the offshore industry
• Damen Stan Tenders
: Multi purpose boats for all kinds of operators
• Damen Stan Pilots
: Boats completely optimized for pilotage
Damen Interceptor 1102
High Speed
Craft
Proven Design
One year prototype testing:
• Seaport Police Rotterdam
• Netherlands Coastguard
• Royal Netherlands Navy
• Coastguard Neth. Antilles
Damen Interceptor 1102
High Speed
Craft
Proven Design
The design of the Damen Interceptor 1102 is based on years of experience with the 15 m (50’) Interceptors
delivered by Damen to the Anti Smuggling Task Force of the Hong Kong Police.
During the design and development of the Damen Interceptor 1102, much attention has been given to crew
ergonomics and safety. Mock-ups of the cockpit were built to optimize the position of controls and
equipment.
It was decided to build a prototype and test this boat for one year. This test period had two major goals:
• Finding weak points in the construction and the propulsion system
• Further optimization of the concept
In order to get the best “real world” testing available, Damen has asked a selection of customers to use the
boat in their operations for longer periods. Amongst these customers were Police Forces, Coastguards and
Navies.
All feedback was analyzed and many improvements were incorporated in the design, after which the series
production of the Damen Interceptor 1102 was started.
The result is a very reliable and extremely efficient high-speed workhorse for demanding customers.
Damen Interceptor 1102
High Speed
Craft
Typical Interceptor Requirements
Damen Interceptor 1102
High Speed
Craft
Typical Interceptor Requirements
Speed is the most obvious criterion for an interceptor. A sufficient margin of speed is required for catching a
target.
Speed on flat water however is not of the highest importance. What counts is the speed that can be
maintained in waves. Good sea-keeping abilities give a distinct speed edge in the real “not-flat-water”
world.
Speed means light weight. However, light weight must obviously not be achieved with a fragile structure or
over-stretched propulsion machinery (low reliability, high maintenance costs).
Manoeuvrability is vital if targets are very agile, such as small open boats with outboard motors.
An Interceptor is a workboat, designed to be used in difficult situations. Therefore ergonomics are of utmost
importance. The consoles for the helmsman and the navigator of the Damen Interceptor 1102 have been
designed and optimized to offer no-nonsense and logical work stations to suit special operations and high
accelerations.
Damen Interceptor 1102
High Speed
Craft
Hull Form
Damen Interceptor 1102
High Speed
Craft
Hull Form
The hull form of the Damen Interceptor 1102 is a very simple single chine deep V.
The advantages of this hull form are:
• Reduction of impact accelerations in higher sea states
• Improved high speed manoeuvrability
• Reduced resistance at high speeds by allowing wetted area to reduce
As well as at the chines, spray rails at the bottom reduce the wetted area and improve dynamic stability.
Although steps in the bottom would produce 3 knots extra top speed in calm conditions, it was decided not
to apply these on the Damen Interceptor 1102, as they have serious disadvantages:
• A boat with steps has a harder “ride” in waves
• In rough conditions, steps cause a high added drag
• Stepped hulls have the tendency to broach in steep turns
• At low speed, stepped hulls have a higher resistance
In the race boat world, steps are very popular, as flat water top speed is the most important characteristic
there. For Interceptors, completely different qualities should be preferred: control and safety.
The boat should protect the crew at any time, speed and condition – and should react mildly on handling
mistakes, which will occur in the tough world of high-speed law enforcement.
This is exactly what the single chine non-stepped hull of the Damen Interceptor 1102 does.
Damen Interceptor 1102
High Speed
Craft
Stability
Damen Interceptor 1102
High Speed
Craft
Stability
The Damen Interceptor 1102 has an excellent stability, which is needed:
• For safe steep turns in waves
• In case the helmsman makes a mistake in rough conditions
The boat must look after the crew and give them confidence to win a chase:
• A large angle of vanishing stability is important, to survive serious handling mistakes in rough conditions
• A good reserve of stability is needed with large freeing ports, in case of “stuffing”
(i.e. getting the throttling wrong and driving the boat under the next wave, flooding the cockpit)
In a typical loading condition (trial load,: 4.66 tonnes), the Damen Interceptor 1102 is stable to a heel angle
of 108 degrees.
Damen Interceptor 1102
High Speed
Craft
Boat Trim
Damen Interceptor 1102
High Speed
Craft
Boat Trim
The driver of a Damen Interceptor 1102 has full control over the trim of the boat, at any speed.
This is very important for a high-speed boat, as the Longitudinal Centre of Gravity must be balanced with
the hull form all the time:
• Trim too low (bow down): Slower boat and inclined to broach
• Trim too high (bow up): Poor sea-keeping and inclined to porpoise
The controls available for trimming the Damen Interceptor are:
• Trimable drives, to adapt to different load & weather conditions
- low speed: drives deep, good for acceleration and limiting trim (view forward)
- high speed: drives higher, keeping the bow up for speed and waves
• Trim flaps, to compensate heel due to cross winds
Damen Interceptor 1102
High Speed
Craft
Boat Handling
Damen Interceptor 1102
High Speed
Craft
Boat Handling
With increasing speed, wave impact becomes the most important issue for high speed boats. The
helmsman of the Damen Interceptor can have a large influence on this, as he controls both the steering
wheel and the throttles. His position is in front of the rest of the crew, not only to give him optimal view to
read the waves, but also to make sure that he fully realizes the wave impacts, being in the least
comfortable position on board. This protects the rest of the crew – who have to be as fit as possible when
coming into action when the target is reached.
The helmsman normally drives with one hand on the wheel, the other on the throttles.
This position provides the best and most direct control:
• Throttle open: Bow rises
• Throttle closed: Bow drops
• Fast throttle response gives good trim effect
• A small change in boat course relative to the wave direction can greatly improve transit times
• Boat-wave resonance can be avoided by changing speed, trim or direction
• Higher speeds sometimes reduce slamming
• Driving in waves: Sometimes best to put power on & keep bow up
Damen Interceptor 1102
High Speed
Craft
Crew Ergonomics & Safety
Damen Interceptor 1102
High Speed
Craft
Crew Ergonomics & Safety
In design, prototype construction and full scale testing, crew ergonomics and safety played a major role.
Seats for efficient operations
The Damen Interceptor is standard fitted with shock mitigating Ullman jockey seats.
These provide secure seating, ample space for belt-carried equipment and allow sufficient freedom of
movement.
Controls at hand
Controls, instruments and switches are positioned at the most logical locations. The right control at the right
place, the most important ones positioned without any compromise to ergonomics.
The wheel and throttle have been selected for comfort, as they are operated full time by the helmsman.
Setting switches is next to impossible at high speed in waves. In order to keep this functionality, the
location of switches has been selected such that the operator’s hand can be braced against a part of the
console when setting the switches.
Helmsman’s position
As explained on the previous page, the helmsman is forward where it is most uncomfortable. In this
position he will drive the boat better and will look after the crew and passengers.
Grabrails
The Damen Interceptor 1102 is fitted with ample grabrails to give the necessary support to the crew.
Damen Interceptor 1102
High Speed
Craft
Communications
Damen Interceptor 1102
High Speed
Craft
Communications
Sailing an open high-speed boat is quite noisy, especially caused by the self-made force 11 windspeed.
As this makes normal communication very hard – if not impossible – the Damen Interceptor 1102 is fitted
with an intercom system which is integrated in the crew helmets.
The helmet of the nav/comms crewman can interface with the radios of the Damen Interceptor 1102.
Damen Interceptor 1102
High Speed
Craft
Structural Design
Aluminium
construction
Damen Interceptor 1102
High Speed
Craft
Structural Design
The Damen Interceptor 1102 is built in epoxy/glass/carbon/sandwich. Compared to a lightweight aluminium
construction (picture top right, 15 m Damen Interceptor for Hong Kong Police), a composite hull is
significantly simpler, lighter and stronger. Besides, the carbon & glass sandwich composite hull has a much
higher resistance against fatigue and overloading.
Interceptors can fall outside normal design standards e.g. Classification, Flag Authorities, due to the special
nature of these boats.
Design loads are difficult to predict, as slamming loads (wave impact) are highly dependent on the speed,
the sea-state and the driver skill. By lack of objective design loads, the Damen Interceptor 1102 has been
designed to be “stronger than the crew concerned”. This way, the helmsman will throttle back before any
damage to the hull construction is done, because he is frightened to damage himself or his crew.
Contrary to slower small boats, global bending is important for Interceptors, especially with lots of the deck
cut away for a cockpit or flexibly mounted wheelhouse. As slamming loads cause high bending moments, a
large amount of uni-directional carbon fibre was applied in the cockpit coamings.
Damen Interceptor 1102
High Speed
Craft
Structural Materials - Composites
Damen Interceptor 1102
High Speed
Craft
Structural Materials - Composites
For an Interceptor, limitation of weight is extremely important, as for high speed boats weight is the natural
enemy of speed.
Composite constructions can have a very high strength to weight ratio, depending on materials selected.
Conventional CSM glass in polyester tends to be heavier than aluminium, but carbon reinforced epoxy
typically is much lighter than aluminium.
Apart from the all-important weight advantage of composites, there are several more merits to be
mentioned:
• Freedom in shape: as composite constructions are built in a mould, any shape is possible
• No corrosion problems, whereas aluminium can cause serious problems if not treated well
A composite structure can be engineered for specific requirements, as the orientation of the (load carrying)
fibres can be aligned with the stress direction. Besides, different types of fibres (glass, carbon, aramid) can
be combined in composite constructions, making use of their specific characteristics.
Contrary to an aluminium construction, plates are stiffened with very few external stiffeners, and by the
application of a foam core in the plate itself. This gives high stiffness for low weight, some thermal and
noise insulation, and better impact resistance than single skin constructions. It also gives a clean,
uncluttered finish.
Damen Interceptor 1102
High Speed
Craft
Propulsor Choice: Volvo DPR
Damen Interceptor 1102
High Speed
Craft
Propulsor Choice: Volvo DPR
The propulsor options for Interceptors are limited to stern drives, surface props, waterjets and outboards.
Stern drives are quite light, have great trim control, very good manoeuvrability and efficiency and can
absorb reasonable impact. They do not have disadvantages.
Surface propellers have a high efficiency at high speed and are quite strong. On the downside, they have a
very high torque at low speed, overloading the engines, reasonable high speed manoeuvrability but poor
low speed manoeuvrability. Surface props are the right choice for high powered high-speed boats.
Waterjets offer good manoeuvrability and stopping characteristics, have a reasonable efficiency and are
well protected against damage. They however are limited in speed (no thrust for quite some time when out
of the water), suffer from internal marine growth, can block with debris and are heavy. Waterjets on small
vessels are great in the speed range 30-45 knots, but do not come up to the mark at higher speeds.
Outboards are very light, offer good trim control, manoeuvrability and propulsive efficiency. The drawbacks
of outboards however are poor fuel economy, the type of fuel (petrol), the vulnerability and the reliability.
Basically, Damen is of the opinion that outboards are not fit for professional use.
The logical choice for the relatively low powered Damen Interceptor 1102 was Volvo DPR sterndrives, as
they combine inboard diesel reliability and excellent propulsive efficiency (counter rotating propellers) with
great manoeuvrability, trim control and reliability.
Damen Interceptor 1102
High Speed
Craft
Engine Choice: Volvo D6
Damen Interceptor 1102
High Speed
Craft
Engine Choice: Volvo D6
The engine options for Interceptors are in principle limited to diesel engines. In the past Damen has built
Interceptors with petrol engines, as diesel engines with a sufficiently high power to weight ratio were not yet
available then (three pictures at the right side). The petrol engines were necessary to reach the required
speed, at the cost of huge fuel consumption, high maintenance cost, mediocre reliability and reduced
safety. With the latest generation commercial diesel engines, petrol engines can be regarded obsolete for
Interceptors.
The Damen Interceptor 1102 is fitted with a twin engine Volvo D6 arrangement, offering a combination of
relatively low cost (Commercial Off the Shelf equipment), light weight, good reliability and great fuel
economy.
The Volvo D6 engine is rated for high ambient temperatures and is capable for loitering for extended
periods of time. In combination with the Volvo D6 engine, this is the perfect choice for a light weight highspeed boat.
Damen Interceptor 1102
High Speed
Craft
Data
GENERAL
DECK LAY-OUT
HULL & DECK MATERIAL
E-glass and Carbon fibre
ANCHOR EQUIPMENT
1x 4,5 kg Fortress (aluminium)
BASIC FUNCTIONS
Anti-smuggling interceptor duties, Marine patrol and
surveillance in territorial seas, Marine law enforcement
operations, Special forces operations, Rapid response
actions, Supporting offshore and fast patrol vessels
during operations
FENDERING
Resilient elastomer covered foam fender
SEATING
Special seating for high-speed boats
Bureau Veritas # Hull z MACH, Special Service /
Interceptor, Coastal area
BILGE PUMPS
4x hand operated, 3x electrically driven
ENGINE ROOM FANS
2x
STEERING
Full power steering, manual back-up
TRIM TABS
Electro-hydraulic
FIRE EXTINGUISHING
Marinex Fire “Aerosol” (MCA approved)
CLASSIFICATION (OPTIONAL)
DIMENSIONS
LENGTH O.A.
10.97m
BEAM (INCLUDING FENDERS)
2.49 m
DRAUGHT
0.71 m
KEEL
STERNDRIVES
0.95 m
CAPACITIES
FUEL OIL (TOTAL)
470 l
CREW
2 persons
PASSENGERS
4 persons
PERFORMANCE (TRIALS)
CRUISING SPEED
40.0 kn.
MAXIMUM SPEED
55+ kn.
ENDURANCE
230nm (10% reserve)
PROPULSION SYSTEM
AUXILIARY SYSTEMS
NAUTICAL, SURVEILLANCE AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT
SEARCHLIGHT
1x 100W, 12V
COMPASS
Raymarine Fluxgate + Ritchie Magnetic
RADAR
Raymarine 2kW
VHF’S
2x ICOM
GPS/DGPS
Raymarine E120 chartplotter/radar/depth
CREW INTERCOM
Graytronics - ULTRA
VARIOUS
TRANSPORTABLE ON ROAD TRAILER
DI 1102 ON ROAD TRAILER FITS IN A STANDARD 40’ CONTAINER
(FENDERS, ROOF + MAST REMOVED)
4 WATERTIGHT COMPARTMENTS
MAIN ENGINES
2x Volvo D6
TOTAL POWER
2x 370 bhp
STERNDRIVES
Volvo DP-R
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
NETWORK
12V d.c.
BATTERY SETS
2x
SHORE SUPPLY
Yes
BALLISTIC PROTECTION UP TO 20 MM DYNEEMA (850 M/S BULLETS) (OPTIONAL)