Beriev Aircraft Company

Beriev Aircraft Company
Director General – General Designer
Victor A. Kobzev,
Deputy General Designer
Vadim V. Zdanevich
Report for FUSETRA Workshop, April 2011
Presented by: Vadim V. Zdanevich
[email protected]
Beriev Aircraft Company has developed over 30 aircraft types
since its foundation, 14 of which were manufactured
serially. Amphibians and seaplanes developed by
Beriev Aircraft Company have set 250 world
records registered by the FAI.
EI
2011
Beriev Aircraft Company structure
Design bureau
Production
Flight-test facility
Gelendzhik test-experimental base
Hydroaviation training center
Air company
Berievs’ products
Be-114
Be-112
Be-200 Amphibious Aircraft
Be-200 is a multipurpose amphibious aircraft featuring a fully
pressurized fuselage. The aircraft is capable of performing a wide
range of tasks. In this respect the Be-200 has no rivals. The Be-200
basic modification is intended for fighting forest fires from air by
using water or fire-extinguishing fluids. Besides, the aircraft is
capable of performing the tasks as follows: cargo-and-passenger
transportation, search-and-rescue activities, ecological monitoring,
sea economic area patrolling.
Performance
Maximum takeoff weight, kg …….……….…………………………………………………..41000
Service ceiling, m……………………………………………………………………………….8100
Cruise speed, km/h …………………………… ………………………………….…………...550
Range with one-hour fuel reserve, km……………..…………………...…………………….3150
Takeoff distance to 10.7 m (ISA, sea level), m:
from ground ...………………………………………………………………1270
from water…………………………………………………………….…..…1600
Landing distance from 15 m (ISA, sea level), m
on ground .…………………………………………………………….…....1020
on water……………………………………………………………….…….1300
Seaworthiness, m…………………………………………………………………………..up to 1.2
Be-103
Light Multipurpose Amphibious Aircraft
Be-103 is a 6-seater amphibious aircraft intended for operation in the
coastal and island areas as well as in the areas abundant in the rivers,
lakes and shallow water reservoirs for solving a wide range of tasks as
follows:
• patrolling the border lines, woodland and water areas;
• water areas ecological monitoring;
• pursuing and capturing the poaching boats and motor boats;
• provision of emergency-and-rescue activities on water;
• rendering urgent medical aid;
• tourism;
• cargo-and-passenger transportation.
Performance
Takeoff weight, kg …………………………….………………………………………………….. …...2270
Engine type and takeoff power, hp. …………………………………..……......ТСМ IO-360ES4, 2x210
Passengers, maximum ……………………………………………………………………………………..5
Operational ceiling, m….………………………………………………………………..…..................3000
Maximum speed, km/h…………………………………………………………………….……………..240
Range (with maximum fuel capacity considering half an hour fuel reserve)…....…..…………….1070
Takeoff run ground/water, m……………………………………………......................................350/560
Landing run ground/water, m……………………………………………………………………….400/360
Seaworthiness, m………………………………………………….......................................................0.5
А-42PE Search-and-Rescue
Amphibious Aircraft
The А-42PE amphibious aircraft is intended for
search-and-rescue support of the flights of aviation
and spacecraft, combat service of surface ships
and submarines in the sea and World Ocean water
areas on the 24-hour basis and in any season of the
year, in simple and adverse weather conditions at
all geographical latitudes, independently and in
cooperation with search-and-rescue ships of the
Navy with the opportunity of performing
reconnaissance, transport-cargo and amphibious
operations in the interests of the Navy.
Performance
Maximum takeoff weight, kg………..………………………………………….……..96000
Operational ceiling, m ………………………………………………………………...12000
Cruise speed, km/h ………………………………………………………..……………..700
Maximum range, km …………………………………………………………………..11500
Field length required, m ……..…………………………………………………………1800
Seaworthiness, m……………………………………………………………………. up to 2
Be-101 Amphibious Aircraft
Be-101 light 4-seater amphibious aircraft is intended for
commercial and private use. The aircraft is designed for
passenger and cargo transportation. The Be-101 will be
certified as per Air Regulations-23 (АП-23) and FAR-23.
Performance
Takeoff weight, kg…………………………………………………….……………….………………..1450
Maximum payload, kg ……………………………………………………….………………..…...……255
Engine type and takeoff power, hp……………………………………………………….. IO-550-N, 310
Operational ceiling, m ………….…………………………………………..………………………….3000
Service ceiling, m………………………………………………………………………….……...........6000
Maximum cruise speed (ISA, 3000 m), km/h ……………………………………………………...….280
Economic cruising speed (ISA, 3000 m), km/h ………………………………………….……………245
Maximum range (ISA, 3000 m, with 0.5-hour fuel reserve), km….………..................................1000
Takeoff run (ground/water), m ..……………………………………………………….................300/460
Landing run (ground/water), m .………………………………….………………………………..190/380
Be-112 Amphibious Aircraft
Amphibious aircraft is intended for a wide commercial
service on local airlines in various regions ensuring:
• passenger and cargo transportation;
• sanitary service;
• patrol and search-and-rescue activities.
Aft cargo ramp allows loading the long-length cargo (for
example: tubes for oil-and-gas industry) and light self-propelled
means.
Performance
Takeoff weight, kg ….………………………………………………………………..……………….11000
Payload weight, kg ……………..……………………………………………..….......................……2350
Passengers ………………………………………………………………………….………………up to 27
Engine type and takeoff power, hp …………………………………………..……2хTVD-1500, 2х1424
or 2хРТ6А-67R
Operational ceiling, m ………………………………………………………..……………………..…7600
Maximum speed at an altitude of 3000 m, km/h ………………..…………………………………….420
Range (fuel reserve, Gкн=2100 kg), km ……………………………………………….…………….1000
Field length required, m ….………………………………………………………………….................850
Seaworthiness, m……………………………………………………………………….………………...0.8
Be-114 Multipurpose Transport
Amphibious Aircraft
Amphibious aircraft is intended for a wide applications and
commercial service on local airlines in various regions
ensuring:
• passenger and cargo transportation;
• patrol and search-and-rescue activities;
• sanitary service.
Aft cargo ramp allows loading the long-length cargo
(aviation engines, helicopter blades etc.) and self-propelled
means as well for water applications.
Performance
Takeoff weight, kg ….………………………………………………………………..……………….22000
Payload weight, kg ……………..……………………………………………..….......................……6000
Passengers ………………………………………………………………………….………………up to 44
Engine type and takeoff power, hp ………………………………….………….… 2хТV7-117, 2х2800
Operational ceiling, m ………………………………………………………..……………………..…7600
Maximum speed at an altitude of 3000 m, km/h ………………..……………………………. . 500-530
Range (fuel reserve, Gкн=6000 kg), km ……………………………………………….……………. 1000
Ferry range (fuel reserve), km ……………………….………………………………………….….. 5100
Field length required, m .…………………………………………………………………................ 1300
Seaworthiness, m……………………………………………………………………….………………...1.0
Crew, ……………………………...………………………………………….…………………….……......2
Be-2500 Amphibious Aircraft
Be-2500 amphibious aircraft is intended for
passengers carriage, shipment of cargo in containers
and on pallets, as well as non-standard big-size cargo
freighting on long-haul and super-long-haul service
airlines.
Capability of the Be-2500 amphibious aircraft to
take off and alight on water will relieve existing airports.
Performance
Takeoff weight, t…………………….……………………………………………………….…….2500
Engine type, engine thrust, t …….………….…………………………...…….NK-116, 6х105=630
Maximum load, t …………………………………………………..................………….….……1000
Cruise speed, km/h …………………………………………………///………………………...…770
Commercial load over 7000-km air route, t ...............……………………….….……………... 700
Commercial load over 10000-km air route, t ………………………….…..………………….…460
Ferry range, km ……………….………………………………………….……………………..16000
Takeoff safety speed, km/h ……………..………...………………………….…………………..360
Takeoff run, m ……..……………….……………………………………………....………….....9300
Amphibious Aircraft General Arrangement Drawing
Arrangement of a space shuttle
on the Be-2500 super-heavy multipurpose
amphibious aircraft
Basing of the Be-2500 super-heavy
multipurpose amphibious aircraft in
the sea port
Amphibious Aircraft Typical Place of Basing
International Exhibition and Scientific Conference on Hydroaviation
«Gidroaviasalon-2012»
«Gidroaviasalon-2012» will be held from 6 to 9 September, 2012
TYPICAL SEADROME
RAMP DIAGRAM
SEA STATE SCALE
Sea state
Wave height h3%,
m
Word characterization of sea
disturbance
0
0
Calm sea
I
up to 0.25
Smooth sea
II
0.25 – 0.75
Slight sea
III
0.75 – 1.25
Moderate sea
IV
1.25 – 2.0
Rough sea
V
2.0 – 3.5
Rather rough sea
VI
3.5 – 6.0
Rather rough sea
VII
6.0 – 8.5
Precipitous sea
VIII
8.5 – 11.0
Precipitous sea
IX
11.0
Confused sea
AMPHIBIOUS AIRCRAFT SEAWORTHINESS
Estimated Design Height of a Limit Wave vs Aircraft Weight
HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS DURING
AMPHIBIOUS AIRCRAFT OPERATIN
Wave Height vs Wind Speed. Open sea.
Relation of the Beaufort scale numbers for wind speed at a height of 6 m above sea
level and visible signs of the wind force
Wind
force
Word
characterizatio
n
Average
wind
speed in
m/sec
Average normal
wind pressure
kg/m2
State of the surface of the sea, lake or large water-storage reservoir as a
result of wind influence
0
Calm
0-0.5
(0)
0
Calm-smooth surface
1
Light air
0.6-1.7
(1)
0
Ripple
2
Light breeze
1.8-3.3
(3)
0.5
3
Gentle breeze
3.4-5.2
(5)
Small wave crests start turning over, but foam is glassy rather than
white
4
Moderate
breeze
5.3-7.4
(6)
Small waves are well recognizable, the crests of some waves turn over,
thus forming white cloudy foam, i.e. “flocks of sheep”, in some places
5
Fresh breeze
7.5-9.8
(9)
6
Waves are clearly shaped, “flocks of sheep” are generated everywhere
6
Strong breeze
9.9-12.4
(11)
11
High wave crests appear, the foaming highest points of wave crests
occupy large areas, wind starts blowing away the foam from wave
crests.
7
High wind
12.5-15.2
(14)
17
Crests outline long rolling sea of wind-generated waves: foam is blown
away from the wave crests and starts stretching in the form of strips
along the wave slopes
8
Fresh gale
15.3-18.2
(17)
25
Long foam strips, blown away by the wind, cover wave slopes and by
merging in some places reach wave hollows
9
Strong gale
18.2-21.5
(20)
36
Foam covers the wave slopes with wide dense merging strips, thus
making the surface white and only in some places the foam-free areas
may be seen in the wave troughs
Small wave crests arrear
Definition of wind generated disturbance or swell
25%
H 3%
25%
H 3%
 25
 30
 sea disturbance to refer to a wind-generated one
 sea disturbance to refer to swell
• Wave height with 3% coverage corresponds to wave length with approximately 25% coverage.
Relation
25%
H 3%
is a characteristic value corresponding to the wave which carries maximum energy.
Information on Sea Disturbance
Wave Profile h(х)
Curve of Wave Oscillations
in a Fixed Point
Wave height – elevation of the highest point of wave crest with respect to adjacent hollow on the wave profile,
projected in the general direction of wave propagation
Wave length  horizontal distance between the highest points of two adjacent wave crests on the wave profile
Wave period  time interval between the passing of two adjacent highest points of wave crests through a fixed point
Sea Disturbance as Stationary Random Process
Wind-generated wave recorded by wave-height recorder
Random Process Realization
Spectral Method of Finding Sea Disturbance Parameters
Dispersion
Dispersion, sq. m
Wind-Generated Disturbance Spectrum
Dispersion
Dispersion, sq. m
Dispersion, sq. m
Swell-Type Disturbance Spectrum
Swell
Wind-generated
wave
Mixed Water Disturbance Spectrum
Algorithm for Calculating Sea Disturbance Static Characteristics Using
Spectral Analysis Method
1.
S(σę ) 
Δt
 Vę (m 2  sec)
π
σę 
 spectral density (energy spectrum),
where:
π ę 1
(
)
Δt  m sec
 angular frequency;
Δt  0.1  0.6(ń.6(
 time increment (ordinate count length);
ę  1;2;3;...m
 time shift exponent;
m
N
 maximum value of time shift exponent;
N
4
 total number of ordinates throughout entire realization;
T
Δt
 duration of entire realization;
T (sec)
m 1
Vę  R(0)  2 R(P)cos
P 1
P  1;2;3;...m
Pę  π
 R(m)cosęπ(m2 )
m
Algorithm for Calculating Sea Disturbance Static Characteristics Using
Spectral Analysis Method (continued)
R(0) 
1 N
(x n - x ) 2 (m2 )

N n 1
R(P) 
1 N-P
(x n - x )(x n  P - x )(m2 )

N - P n 1
R(m) 
Correlation functions
1 N-m
(x n - x )(x N - x )(m2 )

N - m n 1
here:
xn
N
x
 current value of the n-th ordinate (m);
 x  average value of ordinates throughout realization (m).
n 1
N
n
Algorithm for Calculating Sea Disturbance Static Characteristics Using
Spectral Analysis Method (continued)
2.
3.
4.
5.
Dispersion is found as:
Ä(ő)  R(0) 
Wave height of 3% coverage:
Root-mean-square deviation:
Correlation function type:
1 N
 (x n - x)2 (m2 )
N n 1
H3%  5.27 Ä(ő) (m)
  Ä(ő) (m)
SHALLOW WATER WAVES. WAVE REFRACTION AND DIFFRACTION
Wave Refraction on Shallow Water
Indented Coast Wave Refraction
SHALLOW WATER WAVES. WAVE REFRACTION AND DIFFRACTION
Mole Head Wave Diffraction
Joint Developing of Wave Diffraction and Refraction at an Isle
PECULIARITIES OF FLIGHT PERFORMANCE FROM
UNPREPARED WATER AREAS
Before landing, pilot must check the following:
• wind and sea condition;
• floating and fixed obstacles;
• if possible, define water depth, the presence of water banks and fish shoals; a combination of
both may often be seen in clear weather, when the aircraft is passing at a low height over the
area of future landing.
Worthy of mention is that in the area of water banks and fish shoals the water disturbance is
inconsiderably higher than in the nearby area.
While evaluating the landing trajectory, one should be guided by the fact that the wind blows
from the side of calm water surface. By the calm strip width one may estimate wind speed.
Besides, wind direction is marked by wind routes (parallel white foam strips), if the wind is quite
strong, but these factors should not be mixed with similar flow lines.
It is preferable to perform landing near some object, to assess aircraft height above water
surface.
Visual height assessment above mirror surface is often misleading and wrong. With calm water
it is preferable to through off the board a pair of foam buoys, while passing over at a low speed,
to evaluate the height above water surface.
When it is possible to perform takeoff, a pilot must choose takeoff direction, critically assess
tidal flow, sea state and check for an obstacle for the case of a refused takeoff.
THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION !
[email protected]