Growing Pink Lady

GROWING PINK LADY®
Optimizing the quality potential of the variety-Spain
Joan Bonany, IRTA-EEA Mas Badia
Joaquim Carbó, IRTA-EEA Mas Badia
Simó Alegre, IRTA-EE Lleida
Ignasi Iglesias, IRTA-EE Lleida
Introduction
•
•
•
•
Growing area
Climate and soil conditions
Orchard characteristics
Fruit Quality overview
• Hail net effects on PINK LADY
PINK LADY FRUIT GROWING AREA OF SPAIN:
Latitude: Between 41 and 42 º N
One of the most meridional in Europe
Lleida
~100 Ha
Altitude: 250 m
Rainfall: 395 mm
ETo: 1076 mm
Girona
~75 Ha
Altitude: 15 m
Rainfall: 617 mm
ETo: 791 mm
Climate overview of the growing area
25
100
Pluja (mm) - EE Lleida
35
T- max (C) - EE Lleida
Pluja (mm) - EEA Mas Badia
T- max (C) - EEA Mas Badia
30
T (C) - EE Lleida
20
T- min (C) EE Lleida
80
T (C) - EEA Mas Badia
T- min (C) EEA Mas Badia
25
15
60
10
40
20
15
10
5
20
Desembre
Novembre
Octubre
Setembre
Agost
Juliol
Juny
Maig
Abril
Març
0
Febrer
0
Gener
Desembre
Novembre
Octubre
Setembre
Agost
Juliol
Juny
Abril
Març
Febrer
Gener
0
Maig
5
Soil characteristics
•
•
•
•
•
Alluvial soils
pH: Basic reaction, > 7,5
No restriction for growth
In some instances, replant situation
Irrigation is compulsory
Orchard characteristics
• M9 type of rootstock used
– Most common M9 types: Pajam 1 or NAKB T337
preferred
– Pajam 2, or EMLA in replant situation
• Planting distance
– 3,75 to 4,00 m x 1,20-1,50 (tendency to 1,2)
• Prunning system: Central axe
• Thinning program:
• NAA (10-12 ppm) + Carbaryl (1275 ppm)
PINK LADY® evaluation
• First introduced in the cultivar collection of
IRTA in 1997
• Planted in 2 locations: EE Lleida (Mollerussa)
and EEA Mas Badia
• Rootstock: M9 EMLA
Cultivar description
Site
Blooming
period
Full
bloom
Harvest
period
Days Full
Bloomharvest
Cumulative
yield
(kg.tree-1)
Vigour*
cm2
(TCSA)
YE**
(kg.cm-2)
EE Lleida
21-Mar./
18-Apr.
29-Mar.
25-Oct. /
2 Nov.
210
105.1
21.10
4.98
EEA Mas
Badia
29-Mar. /
11-Apr.
6-Apr.
15-Oct./
09 Nov.
206
28.3
17.90
1.58
Site / Variety
Mean fruit size
(mm)
Firmness
(kg)
SSC
IR (ºBrix)
T. acidity
(g.l-1 mal. acid)
Starch Index
(0-10, EUROFRU)
EE Lleida
75.5
8.3
15.7
6.1
6.7
EEA Mas Badia
78.2
8.0
15.0
6.9
7.9
I. Iglesias
Pollination coincidence
20-març
25-març
30-març 1-abril
5-abril
10-abril
15-abril
EEA Mas Badia
20-abril
EVEREST®
BRAEBURN
PINK LADY®
GOLDEN GEM
GRANNY SMITH
GALAXY
FUJI CHOFU 2
BAUGENE
I. Iglesias
I. Iglesias
Colour distribution
EEA Mas Badia
2002
100
90
80
% fruits
70
60
2001
2002
50
40
30
20
10
0
>90%
>70%
>60%
>40%
>20%
Colour distribution
EE Lleida
2002
100
90
80
% fruits
70
60
50
2002
40
30
20
10
0
>75%
>50%
>25%
Final comments
• PINK LADY well suited to the growing areas of
Lleida and Girona
• Grower: productive, regular in production and
in general easy to grow and early cropping with
feather trees
• Quality aspects
– No limitation regarding quality aspects
– Colour development more than adequate
Hail Net effects on PINK LADY®
• High value product:
– Ensure production to market
– Reduce some cosmetic defects on fruit
• Evaluate some possible effects on fruit colour
• Experimental set-up
– Orchards in EEA Mas Badia and EE Lleida
– Clear hail net (BENIAGRO GVM)
– Untreated control
Climate effects of Hail Net (clear)
• Small effects on radiation
• Small effects on temperature
• Induced higher vigour, specially in the top part
of the tree
35
Temperatura (ºC)
30
25
20
15
10
5
Blanca
Negra
Testigo
0
15-6-02 0:00 a.6./p.6.
16-6-02 0:00 a.6./p.6.
Hail net effects on PINK LADY fruit
Effects on Fruit Colour
100
EEA Mas Badia
2002
90
80
70
60
CONTROL
HAIL NET
50
40
30
20
10
0
>70%
>60%
>40%
Hail net effects on PINK LADY fruit
Effects on Fruit Colour
EE Lleida
2001
100
90
80
70
60
CONTROL
HAIL NET
50
40
30
20
10
0
>80%
>40%
Hail net effects on PINK LADY fruit
Effects on fruit quality
EE Lleida 2001
Treatment
Kg/
tree
g/
fruit
Hail Net
Control
22.4
25.4
220
221
Size (% fruits)
<70
70- >80
mm
80
3.9
56.3 47.6
7.6
50.6 41.8
Firm.
(kg)
7.8
7.7
IR
TA SPI
%
%
(ºBrix) (g/l)
cracking Sunburn
14.7
14.8
7.3
7.0
7.9
8.0
0
0
0.8
1.6
8
7
7
6
6
5
5
Eurofru code
05
-1
103
10
29
-1
003
05
-1
10
29
-1
00
3
3
13.0
3
6.5
22
-1
00
13.5
3
7.0
15
-1
00
14.0
3
7.5
08
-1
00
14.5
º Brix
22
-1
003
9
3
8.0
15
-1
003
Acidity 2002
01
-1
00
05
-1
102
15.0
08
-1
003
3
3
29
-1
002
22
-1
002
Firmess 2002
01
-1
003
05
-1
10
29
-1
00
g/L
3
3
15
-1
002
08
-1
002
Kg
22
-1
00
15
-1
00
10
3
3
01
-1
002
8.5
08
-1
00
01
-1
00
Pink Lady®
E.E.A. Mas Badia - 2002
I.R. 2002
Starch index 2002
9
8
4
3
1-10
8 -10
14-10
21-10
31-10
8-11
3.4
6.3
5.9
7.8
8.5
8.8
Color and maturation evolution of Pink Lady® (2002)