1. Background

The SCALP Project
Anja Molinari-Jobin, Eric Marboutin, Paolo Molinari, Manfred Wölfl,
Ivan Kos, Michael Fasel, Iztok Koren, Sybille Wölfl, Christian Fuxjäger,
Christine Breitenmoser, Thomas Huber, Mateja Blažič, Urs Breitenmoser
Background
Scope
Monitoring / Status
Other running activities
The network
1. Background
2. Scope
3. Monitoring
All Alpine countries will share lynx
populations and must co-operate for their
conservation and management.
4. Activities
5. The network
Formation of the expert
group across the Alps (1993)
1. Background
2. Scope
3. Monitoring
4. Activities
All Alpine countries will share lynx
populations and must co-operate for their
conservation.
Coordinator:
Anja MOLINARI-JOBIN
Formation of the expert
group across the Alps (1993)
Austria:
Italy:
Thomas HUBER
Christian FUXJÄGER
Paolo MOLINARI
Germany:
France:
Eric MARBOUTIN
Manfred WÖLFL
Sybille WÖLFL
Switzerland:
Slovenia:
Urs BREITENMOSER
Christine BREITENMOSER
Liechtenstein:
Holger FRICK
5. The network
Iztok KOREN
Ivan KOS
Mateja BLAŽIČ
1. Background
2. Scope
3. Monitoring
All Alpine countries will share lynx
populations and must co-operate for their
conservation.
4. Activities
5. The network
Formation of the expert
group across the Alps (1993)
Objectives:
• Produce regular status reports from all Alpine countries.
• Synchronise monitoring and define common standards
for the interpretation of monitoring data.
• Support the recovery of the Alpine lynx metapopulation
through the development of conservation and
management concepts.
• Provide expertise for GOs and NGOs.
1. Background
2. Scope
3. Monitoring
The SCALP network
Schweiz/Suisse
Progetto
Lince
Italia
4. Activities
5. The network
1. Background
2. Scope
3. Monitoring
4. Activities
Schweiz/Suisse
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Progetto
Lince
Italia
Compilation on Alpine scale
Common database
Standardisation (SCALP criteria)
Support
Test of new methods
5. The network
1. Background
2. Scope
3. Monitoring
4. Activities
5. The network
1. SCALP conference
1995
Problem of interpretation
=> Find a common basis for data interpretation!
1. Background
2. Scope
3. Monitoring
Common data interpretation:
The SCALP Criteria (standardised monitoring)
Category 1: “hard facts”
Category 2: confirmed observations
Category 3: unconfirmed observations
4. Activities
5. The network
1. Background
2. Scope
3. Monitoring
Common data interpretation:
The SCALP Criteria (standardised monitoring)
Category 1: “hard facts”
Category 2: confirmed observations
Category 3: unconfirmed observations
4. Activities
5. The network
1. Background
2. Scope
3. Monitoring
4. Activities
5. The network
SCALP criteria
1. Background
2. Scope
3. Monitoring
4. Activities
5. The network
• Reporting synchronised
1998
Data from reintroductions to 1994
2001
Data from 1995 to 1999
2006
Data from 2000 to 2004
Data from 2005 to 2009 in preparation
1. Background
2. Scope
3. Monitoring
4. Activities
5. The network
• Annual monitoring report
Lynx estimated in all the Alps ranges from 87-139
1. Background
1995
2. Scope
3. Monitoring
4. Activities
5. The network
Trend
Retreat
Consequences:
In Switzerland
1. Background
2. Scope
3. Monitoring
4. Activities
5. The network
Swiss Lynx Management Plan
August 2000
1. Background
2. Scope
3. Monitoring
4. Activities
5. The network
Swiss Lynx Management Plan
Aims:
• Long-term viability
• No unacceptable restrictions in livestock
husbandry
Measures:
• Monitoring of lynx and prey populations
• Damage prevention
• Financial compensation for damages
• Support of expansion through translocation of lynx
from areas with high density to areas with no lynx
1. Background
2. Scope
3. Monitoring
4. Activities
5. The network
Swiss Mangement concept: Trade abundance for distribution
Translocation
2001-2008
~
5 Males
7 Females
Distribution 1980-2000
11 lynx
1. Background
1995-1997
2. Scope
3. Monitoring
4. Activities
5. The network
Trend
Expansion
Ch. Fuxjäger
1. Background
2. Scope
3. Monitoring
4. Activities
5. The network
Translocation
May 2011
Kalkalpen Nationalpark
1. Background
2. Scope
3. Monitoring
4. Activities
5. The network
25000
Trend
Area occupied [km2]
20000
Alps
15000
10000
5000
0
1. Background
2. Scope
3. Monitoring
4. Activities
5. The network
25000
Trend
Area occupied [km2]
20000
Alps
15000
West
10000
5000
East
0
Why is the recolonisation so slow?
1. Background
2. Scope
3. Monitoring
4. Activities
5. The network
Other SCALP projects
Bavarian State Agency of Environment / Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt
• review existing data
on lynx dispersal
• Evaluate likelihood
of a natural
recolonization of the
Bavarian Alps by lynx
2010
Dispersal distances of lynx from 7 different populations
NECH
BPF
BP
JM
JM
JM
CN
4. Activities
JM
BPF
NWSA
JM
NWSA
BBF
BPF
NWSA
3. Monitoring
NWSA
NWSA
JM
JM
JM
JM
JM
NWSA
NWSA
NWSA
2. Scope
JM
JM
NWSA
JM
BPF
NWSA
DM
BPF
BPF
BPF
NWSA
NWSA
BPF
NWSA
CN
JM
Dispersal distance (km)
Dispersal distance [km]
1. Background
5. The network
Lynx dispersal
200
200
150
150
100
100
5050
0
1. Background
2. Scope
3. Monitoring
4. Activities
5. The network
Lynx dispersal
200
Distance (km)
150
100
50
0
BP (n = 9)
DM (n = 3)
Alps (n = 14)
JM (n = 14)
BBF (n = 1)
Median (and range) dispersal distance
in 6 different populations
NP (n = 2)
1. Background
2. Scope
1995-1997
2005-2007
Expansion
3. Monitoring
4. Activities
5. The network
1. Background
2. Scope
2005-2007
Expansion
3. Monitoring
4. Activities
5. The network
1. Background
2. Scope
1995-1997
2005-2007
Expansion
3. Monitoring
4. Activities
5. The network
1. Background
2. Scope
3. Monitoring
4. Activities
5. The network
Other SCALP projects
• Survey lynx at
low densities /
subadult lynx at
expansion front
[targeted areas
are Kalkalpen,
south-eastern
Alps, central
Alps, France]
Nationalpark Kalkalpen
>70 lynx
C. Groff
1. Background
2. Scope
Other SCALP projects
• Survey lynx at
low densities /
subadult lynx at
expansion front
• Evaluate
importance of
barriers
3. Monitoring
4. Activities
5. The network
1. Background
2. Scope
Other SCALP projects
• Survey lynx at
low densities /
subadult lynx at
expansion front
• Evaluate
importance of
barriers
• Habitat
suitability model
for lynx in the
Alps
3. Monitoring
4. Activities
5. The network
1. Background
2. Scope
Other SCALP projects
• Survey lynx at
low densities /
subadult lynx at
expansion front
• Evaluate
importance of
barriers
• Habitat
suitability model
for lynx in the
Alps
• Model
population
viability
3. Monitoring
4. Activities
5. The network
1. Background
2. Scope
1. Lynx
expansion
3. Monitoring
4. Activities
5. The network
2. Survey
isolated lynx
3. Analysis of
barriers
6. Assessment
of management
scenarios
5. Population
viability
4. Habitat
suitability model
1. Background
2. Scope
3. Monitoring
4. Activities
5. The network
2. Survey
isolated lynx
1. Lynx ➼
1.expansion
What happens if doing nothing?
2. Are other reintroductions or3. Analysis of
restockings necessary?
barriers
3. If yes, where?
4. With how many individuals?
5. Can some subpopulations maintain
6. Assessment their viability under regular offtake?
of management
scenarios
4. Habitat
suitability model
[POLICY
OPTIONS]
5. Population
viability
1. Background
2. Scope
4. Activities
3. Monitoring
5. The network
Organise participatory workshops
© Schwendimann
© Molinari © Molinari
© Vuerich
© Molinari
© Molinari
© Molinari
© Vuerich
1. Background
2. Scope
3. Monitoring
4. Activities
5. The network
Implementation of laws
Public information
Monitoring
Public involvement
GOs (international, national, regional)
Produce reliable data
Lobbying
Public
NGOs,
relation interest
groups
Projects
Supervision
Experts, Scientific
scientists work
Conservation models
1. Background
2. Scope
3. Monitoring
4. Activities
GOs (international, national, regional)
NGOs,
interest
groups
Experts,
scientists
5. The network