Downloadable PDF - Greater Houston Partnership

Transcription

2016
HOUSTONFACTS
GREATER HOUSTON PARTNERSHIP
MEMBERS: $10 | NONMEMBERS: $20
AUSTIN | BRAZORIA | CHAMBERS | FORT BEND | GALVESTON | HARRIS | LIBERTY | MONTGOMERY | SAN JACINTO | WALKER | WALLER
HOUSTONFACTS
About the Greater Houston Partnership
The mission of the Greater Houston Partnership is to make Houston one of the world’s best places to live, work, and
build a business. The Partnership works to make Houston greater by promoting economic development, foreign trade and
investment, and by advocating for efficient and effective government that supports, rather than impedes, business growth.
The Partnership also convenes key stakeholders to solve the region’s most pressing issues.
The Partnership was formed in 1989 in a merger of the Greater Houston Chamber of Commerce, the Houston Economic
Development Council and the Houston World Trade Association. Today, the Partnership serves the 11-county greater
Houston region and represents a member roster of some 1,000 businesses and institutions. Members of the Partnership
account for one-fifth of all jobs in Houston. They engage in various committees and task forces to work toward our goal of
making Houston greater.
© 2016 Greater Houston Partnership
Data in Houston Facts 2016 are current as of June 2016 unless otherwise noted. Every effort was made to revise data to reflect the nine-county Houston MSA; however, in
a few instances, data is reported for the former 10-county MSA.
Houston Facts is a registered trademark of the Greater Houston Partnership.
Photos courtesy of the Greater Houston Convention and Visitors Bureau and Port of Houston Authority. Cover Photo by Josh Pherigo.
Houston Facts 2016 was compiled by the research team of the Greater Houston Partnership, including Josh Davis, Allegra Ellis, Patrick Jankowski, Roel Gabe Martinez,
Josh Pherigo, and Jenny Philip with assistance from our interns Feyisara Onadiji and Gregory Wu. It was designed by Suzanne Morgan.
TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S
INTRODUCTION................................... 2
EDUCATION....................................... 24
The Houston Region: The Facts Speak for Themselves . . . 2
Schools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
REGION IN PERSPECTIVE . . ..................... 3
Area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Colleges and Universities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
People. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
INFR ASTRUCTURE.............................. 26
Economy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Public Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
GEOGR APHY........................................ 4
Land Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Ports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
DEMOGR APHICS.................................. 5
Air Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
COMMUNICATIONS MEDIA.................. 31
Income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Weekly Wage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Digital. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Broadcast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
HOUSTON ECONOMY.......................... 11
Print . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Corporate Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
ENVIRONMENT . . ................................. 32
Employment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
International Business. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
INDUSTRIES . . ..................................... 15
Aerospace. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Wholesale and Retail Trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Construction and Real Estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Health Care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Texas Medical Center. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
GOVERNMENT . . .................................. 21
City of Houston . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Counties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
State Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
United States Congress. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Council of Governments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Taxation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Public Safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Clean Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
City of Houston’s Green Transportation Initiative. . . . . . . . 33
Renewable Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
LIFE IN HOUSTON. . ............................. 34
Cost of Living. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Weather. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Lodging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Dining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Convention and Sports Facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Major Events and Conventions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Golf. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Racing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Biking and Hiking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Arts and Culture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Parks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
HISTORY........................................... 46
INTRODUCTION
T H E H O U S T O N R E G I O N : T H E FA C T S S P E A K F O R
T H E M S E LV E S
H O U S TO N FAC T S .
TH E TITLE SAYS M U C H A B O UT
T H I S P U B L I C AT I O N . N O S P I N .
NO FRILLS. NO HYPERBOLE .
J U S T PAG E A F T E R PAG E
OF
S T R A I G H T F O R WA R D
I N F O R M AT I O N F R O M M O R E
T H A N 3 0 0 S O U R C E S TO
ANSWER QUESTIONS MOST
F R E Q U E N T LY A S K E D A B O U T
T H E H O U S TO N R E G I O N .
Houston Facts has presented unvarnished information
about the Houston region since 1959, and its predecessor
publications — under different names, but with the same
objective — date to 1906. Over the decades, Houston Facts
has grown well beyond its original four pages so that we
could expand the range and depth of its coverage, bringing
you more information about parks, museums, schools, living
costs, the regional economy and a host of other topics. It
has evolved into a concise almanac for the Houston region.
Corporate planners, market analysts, students, relocation
and site selection consultants, real estate professionals,
government agencies and myriad others turn to it for
authoritative information on this region.
Of course, we believe the Houston region is one of the
nation’s most attractive major metropolitan areas — an
outstanding place to live, work, and build a business. We’d
like you to share that view. But we won’t try to persuade
you. The facts need no embellishment. They speak
for themselves.
2
Houston Facts | 2016
You may find in these pages facts that alter your image
of Houston. For example:
•
If Houston were a country, it would rank as the
26th largest economy in the world
—exceeding Norway and Belgium’s GDP.
•
The Houston region has no racial or
ethnic majority.
•
The Port of Houston ranks first in U.S.
foreign tonnage.
•
Living costs in the Houston region are
25.9 percent below the average for major
metropolitan areas.
•
Parks represent 14.3 percent of the
city’s land area.
R EG I O N I N PE RS PEC T I V E
AREA
• The nine-county Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) covers 9,444 square
miles – an area larger than eight states, including
Vermont, New Jersey and Hawaii.
• Harris County covers 1,778 square miles – enough
space to fit New York City, Philadelphia, Boston,
Chicago, Seattle, Austin and Dallas, with room still
to spare.
• At 655 square miles, the city limits of Houston is
larger than six European countries, ranking just below
Luxembourg and above Malta.
P EO P L E
• The Houston MSA had a population of 6,656,947
residents as of July 1, 2015, according to estimates by
the U.S. Census Bureau. If metro Houston were a state,
it would have the 18th largest population in the U.S.,
behind Tennessee (6,600,299) and ahead of Missouri
(6,083,672) and Maryland (6,006,401).
• Harris County had a population of 4,538,028 residents
as of July 1, 2015, according to estimates by the
U.S. Census Bureau. If Harris County were a state, it
would have the 26th largest population in the U.S.,
behind Louisiana (4,670,724) and ahead of Kentucky
(4,425,092) and Oregon (4,028,977).
• The city of Houston had a population of 2,296,224
residents as of July 1, 2015, according to estimates by
the U.S. Census Bureau. If the city were a state, it would
rank 37th in population in the U.S., behind Nevada
(2,890,845) and ahead of New Mexico (2,085,109).
• Among the nation’s metropolitan areas, the Houston
MSA in 2014 ranked fourth in number of Hispanics
(2,356,245), seventh in number of Blacks (1,063,017) and
seventh in number of Asians (473,582), according to the
Census Bureau’s American Community Survey.
ECO N O M Y
• The U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis estimated the
Houston MSA GDP at $525.4 billion in 2014. If Houston
were a state, it would rank 9th, after New Jersey ($549.1
billion) and ahead of North Carolina ($483.1 billion).
• If the MSA were an independent nation, it would rank
as the world’s 26th largest economy, behind Belgium
($527.8 billion), but ahead of Norway ($511.6 billion).
• In 2015, the Houston Association of Realtors® Multiple
Listing Service recorded closings on 89,243 properties
(includes single-family homes, townhomes, condos,
high rises, etc.) – an average of one every 5.9 minutes.
• In 2015, Houston MSA automobile dealers sold 376,481
new cars, trucks and SUVs – an average of one every
1.4 minutes.
• In 2015, the Houston Airport System handled 55,147,650
passengers – an average of 6,295 passengers per hour
around the clock.
• In 2015, the City of Houston issued building permits for
construction valued at $8.2 billion – an average of $260
per second.
Greater Houston Partnership
3
G EO G R A PH Y
H O U STON MSA
9,444 square miles
Montgomery
H AR R I S COU NT Y
50-430 feet
1,778 square miles
Waller
H O U STON
655 square miles
Liberty
100350 feet
Austin
70-463 feet
3-243 feet
Harris
0-310 feet
HOUSTON
Chambers
0-82 feet
Fort Bend
46-158 feet
Galveston
0-40 feet
Brazoria
0-146 feet
• The city of Houston lies in three counties: Harris, Fort
Bend and Montgomery. Harris County contains the bulk
of the city of Houston with small portions of the city
lying in Fort Bend and Montgomery counties.
• Houston is the county seat, or administrative center,
of Harris County.
• Harris County contains all or part of 34
incorporated cities.
• The Houston MSA includes 124 incorporated
communities.
• Metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas
(MSA) are geographic delineations defined by the
Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for use by
federal statistical agencies in collecting, tabulating,
and publishing federal statistics. These geographic
delineations change over time.
4
2009 Delineation for the Houston region:
• Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown Metropolitan Statistical
Area (MSA) contains 10 counties: Austin, Brazoria,
Chambers, Fort Bend, Galveston, Harris, Liberty,
Montgomery, San Jacinto and Waller.
2013 Delineation for the Houston region:
• Houston-TheWoodlands-Sugar Land Metropolitan
Statistical Area (MSA) contains nine counties: Austin,
Brazoria, Chambers, Fort Bend, Galveston, Harris,
Liberty, Montgomery and Waller.
The longer titles are shortened to “Houston MSA”
in Houston Facts.
DEMOGRAPHICS
DECENNIAL CENSUS POPUL ATION TOTAL S
Year
Houston MSA
Harris County
City of Houston
2010
5,920,416
4,092,459
2,099,451
2000
4,693,161
3,400,578
1,953,631
1990
3,750,411
2,818,199
1,630,553
1980
3,135,806
2,409,544
1,595,138
1970
2,195,146
1,741,912
1,233,505
1960
1,594,894
1,243,158
938,219
1950
1,083,100
806,701
596,163
1940
752,937
528,961
384,514
1930
545,547
359,328
292,352
1920
348,661
186,667
138,276
1910
252,066
115,693
78,800
1900
202,438
63,786
44,633
1890
137,800
37,249
27,557
1880
112,053
27,985
16,513
1870
80,866
17,375
9,332
1860
55,317
9,070
4,845
1850
27,984
4,668
2,396
P O P U L AT I O N
• Houston, the fourth most populous U.S. city (estimated
at 2,296,224 on July 1, 2015), is the largest city in the
South and Southwest. The city of Houston had the
second largest numeric increase (40,032) of any U.S.
city from July 1, 2014 to July 1, 2015.
• Harris County (estimated at 4,538,028 on July 1, 2015)
is the third most populous U.S. county. Among all
U.S. counties, Harris County had the highest numeric
population increase from July 1, 2014 to July 1, 2015—
gaining 90,451 new residents.
• Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land MSA (estimated
at 6,656,947 on July 1, 2015) ranks 5th in population
among the nation’s metropolitan areas. The Houston
MSA had the largest numeric increase (159,083) in
population of any U.S. metro from July 1, 2014 to July 1,
2015, a 2.4 percent increase.
• Of the Houston MSA’s 1,498,072 foreign-born residents,
1.5 percent, or 202,443, entered the U.S. since 2010.
• Top regions of birth for the Houston MSA’s foreign-born
are: Latin America (63.9 percent), Asia (25.2 percent),
Europe (4.6 percent), Africa (5.1 percent), Canada
(0.8 percent) and Oceania (0.3 percent).
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census; Texas Almanac
5
HISTORIC POPULATION
AGE DISTRIBUTION
Houston MSA by Decade
Houston MSA
1850
27,984
1860
55,317
1870
80,866
1880
112,053
22.2%
7.4%
1890
137,800
1900
202,438
1910
252,066
1920
1930
1940
1950
8.8%
15.1%
348,661
545,547
11.1%
752,937
1,083,100
13.1%
14.3%
1,594,894
1960
2,195,146
1970
3,135,806
1980
3,750,411
1990
4,693,161
2000
Under 5 years
5 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 to 84 years
85 years & over
5,920,416
2010
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census; Texas Almanac
6
7%
1%
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2014 American Community Survey,
1-Year Estimates
POPUL ATION, AGE , HOUSEHOLDS, FOREIGN BORN
By County
Geography
Population*
Median
Age**
(In Years)
Total
Households**
Average
Persons Per
Household
Foreign-born
Estimate**
Percent Of
Total Population
Foreign-born
Houston MSA
6,656,947
34.0
2,255,638
3.04
1,394,068
20.9%
Austin County
29,563
41.5
10,786
2.63
2,720
9.2%
346,312
35.5
109,817
2.99
41,426
12.0%
Chambers County
38,863
35.5
12,551
2.92
3,016
7.8%
Fort Bend County
716,087
35.6
198,316
3.20
163,632
22.9%
Galveston County
322,225
37.5
111,953
2.76
29,818
9.3%
4,538,028
32.9
1,462,002
3.07
1,078,262
23.8%
79,654
36.7
168,279
2.87
5,834
7.3%
537,559
36.6
168,279
2.96
63,219
11.8%
48,656
30.5
13,655
2.94
6,141
12.6%
Brazoria County
Harris County
Liberty County
Montgomery County
Waller County
Sources: *U.S. Bureau of the Census, Population Division, 2015 Population Estimates
**U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2010-2014 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates
HISPANIC/NON-HISPANIC POPUL ATION
RACE AND ETHNICITY
HOUSTON MSA
Houston MSA
Race/Ethnicity
Non-hispanic
White
2,452,709
37.79%
Black/African American
1,092,194
16.83%
11,938
0.18%
471,037
7.26%
3,654
0.06%
Some Other Race
11,801
0.18%
Two or More Races
90,602
1.40%
American Indian/ Alaska Native
Asian
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
TOTAL
2%
7%
4,133,935 63.70%
Race/Ethnicity
White
Hispanic
28.05%
Black/African American
26,627
0.41%
American Indian/ Alaska Native
12,935
0.20%
2,545
0.04%
304
0.01%
442,927
6.82%
50,220
0.77%
Asian
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
Some Other Race
Two or More Races
36%
17%
1,820,687
TOTAL
38%
Anglo
Hispanic
Asian
Other
Black/African
American
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census,
2014 American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates
2,356,245 36.30%
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2014 American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates
7
COMPONENTS OF POPUL ATION CHANGE (’10 -’15)
By County and Houston MSA
Geography
Population
1-Jul-15
Net
Domestic
Migration
Net
International
Migration
Births
Total Population
Change
(’10-’15)
Deaths
Houston MSA
6,656,947
255,205
172,955
494,164
187,291
736,005
Austin County
29,563
656
173
1,769
1,407
703
346,312
16,249
2,781
24,643
11,091
33,185
Chambers County
38,863
2,468
150
2,463
1,335
3,767
Fort Bend County
716,087
76,898
22,527
43,942
14,020
131,255
Galveston County
322,225
18,283
3,814
20,864
12,605
30,921
4,538,028
81,490
134,746
357,198
124,765
444,952
79,654
1,882
270
5,577
3,792
4,008
537,559
53,755
8,317
34,609
16,798
81,795
48,656
3,524
177
3,099
1,478
5,419
Brazoria County
Harris County
Liberty County
Montgomery County
Waller County
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census
Note: In some cases, the natural increase and the increase due to in-migration won’t sum to the change in population due to rounding errors and the Bureau’s use of
residual values in generating the estimates.
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Houston MSA
Total Population Over Age 25
3,984,848
11.2%
19.8%
6.2%
Graduate or
Professional Degree
Bachelor’s Degree
Associate Degree
21.9%
22.9%
8.5%
Some College,
No Degree
High School Graduate
or GED
9th to 12th Grade,
No Diploma
9.5%
82%
31%
Less than
9th grade
High School Graduate
or Higher
Bachelor’s Degree
or Higher
8
INCOME
TOTAL WAGES AND SAL ARIES
Four quarters total ending Q4/15 ($, millions)
Houston MSA
$188,423.7
Austin County
$448.0
$5,612.5
Brazoria County
Chambers County
$723.3
Fort Bend County
$8,722.9
Galveston County
$4,736.5
$158,135.6
Harris County
$662.9
Liberty County
$8,672.5
Montgomery County
$709.2
Waller County
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Quarterly Census of Employment & Wages
Per Capita Personal Income
• The nine-county Houston MSA pretax per capita
personal income (PCPI) in 2014 was $54,820 according
to the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis.
• The Houston region’s PCPI was 15.1 percent above the
U.S. average of $47,615 in 2014.
• PCPI increased 4.1 percent in the Houston MSA and 3.6
percent nationwide from 2013 to 2014.
Total Personal Income
• Total personal income (TPI) in the nine-county Houston
MSA in 2014 was $355.79 billion, up 6.7 percent
from 2013.
W E E K LY W A G E
• Average weekly wage in the Houston MSA in the third
quarter of 2015 was $1,177 – 20.8 percent above the
U.S. average, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics. (Self-employed workers were not included in
the data.)
COMMUTING TO WORK – Houston MSA
3,058,605
29.2 minutes
Total Workers – Age 16 and Over
Mean travel time to work
80.3%
3.4%
2.4%
1.6%
0.3%
1.3%
10.7%
Drove Alone in Car,
Truck or Van
Walked
Bicycle
Carpooled in Car,
Truck or Van
Other Means
Public
Transportation
Worked at Home
9
OCCUPATIONS
Houston MSA - Employed Persons Age 16 and Over
Total Civilian Employed Population
3,112,384
Business and
Financial Operations
Computer and
Mathematical
Architecture and
Engineering
164,429
75,134
95,448
Life, Physical,
and Social Science
Community and
Social Services
Legal
Education, Training,
and Library
36,060
38,967
Arts, Entertainment,
Sports, and Media
Health Diagnosing
and Treating
Health Technologists
and Technicians
43,982
111,083
55,788
Protective Service
Food Preparation
and Service
Building and
Grounds Maintenance
Personal Care
and Service
166,300
137,773
96,206
Office and
Administrative
Support
Farming, Fishing,
and Forestry
Construction and
Extraction
6,096
234,490
Production
Transportation
Material Moving
185,490
113,878
73,661
Management
314,792
68,817
Sales
346,564
370,521
Installation,
Maintenance,
and Repair
105,790
37,768
10
174,580
Health Care Support
58,767
H O U S TO N ECO N O M Y
POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT FORECAST
Metro Houston, Millions
Employment
3.1
2015
3.5
2020
3.8
2025
9.6
8.9
8.2
7.6
7.0
6.5
Population
industry helped the Houston region create 505,000 new
jobs, more than enough to replace the 156,000 jobs lost
during the Great Recession. In June 2014, WTI topped off at
$107.95/bbl, a record high. As energy profits soared, metro
Houston’s 2014 GDP rose to an all-time high of $525.4
billion, an economic output greater than all but 25 countries
in the world that year.
And then came the bust.
4.1
2030
4.4
2035
4.7
2040
Source: The Perryman Group
As the energy capital of the world, Houston’s economic
fortunes have long been exposed to the cyclical, boomand-bust nature of its chief industry. Home to more than
4,800 energy companies, Houston derives nearly one-third
of its GDP and 10 percent of its total employment from the
energy sector. These strong ties mean that in boom times,
Houston reaps the windfall.
Between January 2010 and December 2014, as
advancements in drilling technology led to an unprecedented
surge in U.S. shale production, a thriving oil and gas
A global oil supply glut precipitated a collapse in crude
prices starting in late 2014 that meant a difficult 2015 for
the oil and gas industry. Over the course of the year, U.S.
drilling permits fell 41.6 percent, the North American rig
count fell 61.4 percent, and the price of crude fell 29.6
percent. The Houston energy sector eliminated 49,700 jobs
from December 2014 to December 2015, about 16.6 percent
of its workforce.
The widespread energy layoffs bled into real estate, where
unused office space mounted as companies consolidated
resources. Sublease space totaled between 8.7 and
9.4 million square feet by the end of Q1/16. Eighty-three
percent of the space is considered Class A space. The bulk
of the sublease space can be found in the CBD, Energy
Corridor, Galleria, Greenspoint and Westchase submarkets.
Workforce reductions, mergers and acquisitions, cost
cutting measures and downsizing will continue to dump
sublease space on the market. The sublease market will
likely exceed 10 million square feet by the end of ’16. The 10year historical average is 3.8 million square feet, according
to Transwestern.
11
But despite the sustained downtown, Houston has fared
much better than it did during the last big trough of the
1980s. Back then, oil comprised a much greater share of
the local economy. Unlike the 1980s, Houston today boasts
a diverse economy that has enabled the region to continue
its growth despite the low crude prices.
Even with the deep cuts in energy employment, the region
created 15,200 jobs in 2015. Strong population growth
helped add jobs to service sectors such as retail, which
added 4,300 jobs, restaurants, which added 18,900 jobs,
and health care, which added 15,000 jobs. Driving that
growth was a surge of new Houstonians. Between July 1,
2014 and July 1, 2015, Houston’s population grew by 160,000
people, leading all US metros. Among the new arrivals were
37,500 people born outside the U.S. and 61,800 transplants
from other U.S. cities.
HOUSTON-BASED COMPANIES
Ranked nationally and globally
Fortune 500
Fortune Global 500
Forbes Global 2000
24
8
26
Source: Fortune, Forbes
TOTAL NONFARM PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
Metro Houston, Millions
3.2
3.0
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.2
Jan ’05
Jan ’06
Jan ’07
Jan ’08
Jan ’09
Jan ’10
Jan ’11
Jan ’12
*Not Seasonally Adjusted Source: Texas Workforce Commission
12
Jan ’13
Jan ’14
Jan ’15
Jan ’16
Though continued low oil prices are expected to keep the
energy industry stagnant in 2016, growth in other industries
such as petrochemicals manufacturing, health care and
retail could help pick up the slack. Wulfe & Co. projects 4.5
million square feet of new retail space will be completed
and opened in Houston in 2016, a 33.4 percent increase
over last year. Kroger, H-E-B, Walmart, Whole Foods and
Aldi will dominate new construction, with 28 new stores
opening among them. On-going population growth, the
influence of a strong national economy, the need to catch up
with the recent single- and multi-family housing boom, and
the evolution of the Grand Parkway is driving retail demand.
Though the breakneck growth Houston enjoyed in recent
years is unlikely to return any time soon, the region’s
increasingly diverse economy will continue to expand.
Bolstered by robust population growth and the stability
of its flourishing healthcare industry, Houston has never
been more prepared to weather a prolonged downturn
in the oil patch.
EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY
NOMINAL GROSS ARE A PRODUC T
Houston MSA 2015 Annual Average
Houston MSA, 2014
Industry
Jobs (000)
% of total
GOODS PRODUCING
565.6
18.92%
Mining and Logging
100.4
3.36%
Agriculture
Oil and Gas Extraction
52.9
1.77%
Mining
Support Activities for Mining
46.4
1.55%
Construction
218.3
7.30%
Manufacturing
246.9
8.26%
165.5
5.54%
81.5
1.52%
2,423.4
81.08%
173
5.79%
299.7
10.03%
Transportation, Warehousing,
and Utilities
139
4.65%
Information
32.2
1.08%
Finance and Insurance
95.9
3.21%
Real Estate and
Rental and Leasing
55.4
1.85%
Professional and
Business Services
471
15.76%
Educational Services
55.8
1.87%
312.2
10.44%
31.6
1.06%
Accommodation
and Food Services
269.4
9.01%
Other Services
106.8
3.57%
Government
381.4
12.76%
TOTAL
2,989
100.00%
Durable Goods
Nondurable Goods
SERVICE PRODUCING
Wholesale Trade
Retail Trade
Health Care and
Social Assistance
Arts,
Entertainment, and Recreation
Sum of Individual Sectors may not equal the total due to rounding.
Source: Texas Workforce Commission, Employment Estimates
Industry
ALL INDUSTRY TOTAL
$Billions
% of total
525.4
100.0%
0.5
0.1%
101.1
19.2%
Construction
27.9
5.3%
Manufacturing
80.5
15.3%
Durable good
28.8
5.5%
Nondurable goods
51.7
9.8%
Wholesale and retail trade*
61.6
11.7%
Transportation,
warehousing and utilities*
38.1
7.3%
Information*
10.7
2.0%
Finance, insurance, real estate
62.7
11.9%
Professional and
business services
64.4
12.3%
Health care and education
23.4
4.5%
Leisure and hospitality
12.9
2.5%
9.8
1.9%
31.8
6.1%
Other services
Government
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
C O R P O R AT E E C O N O M Y
Houston, a major corporate center, ranks third among
U.S. metro areas in the number of corporate headquarters
contained on the 2015 Fortune 500 list. Many other Fortune
500 firms maintain U.S. offices in Houston.
• Of the world’s 100 largest non-U.S.-based corporations,
66 have a presence in Houston.
• County Business Patterns shows that the Houston
MSA in 2014 had 132,729 business establishments
with payroll.
13
Employment Size
Number of
Establishments
Percent of
Establishments
L ARGEST HOUSTON-ARE A EMPLOYERS
2016 - Number of Local Employees
1,000+
155
.12%
500-999
273
0.20%
250-499
825
0.64%
100-249
2,957
2.17%
20,000
50-99
4,881
3.58%
United Airlines
20-49
13,209
9.82%
10-19
17,396
12.99%
5-9
24,739
18.54%
1-4
68,654
51.94%
Source: County Business Patterns, 2014
Memorial Hermann Health System
9,000
The University of Texas MD Anderson
Baylor College of Medicine
15,000
Houston Methodist
14,985
Exxon Mobil Corporation
• Total nonfarm employment in the Houston MSA stood at
2,995,100 in May 2016, up 5,100 from May 2015.
• From May 2015 to May 2016, local nonfarm employment
in the Houston MSA rose 0.2 percent.
Houston MSA unemployment in February 2016 was
4.8 percent, versus a national unemployment rate of
4.5 percent. The rates are not seasonally adjusted.
8,924
ARAMARK Corp.
8,500
Halliburton
8,000
HCA
13,000
7,855
UTMB Health
Hewlett-Packard
Kroger Company
Macy's
12,448
E M PLOY M E N T
Chevron
24,000
7,500
12,000
7,000
Shell Oil Company
The Dow Chemical Company
11,892
National Oilwell Varco
7,000
AT&T
11,563
6,900
Schlumberger Limited
St. Luke's Health System
10,000
6,800
Source: Greater Houston Partnership Database
I N T E R N AT I O N A L B U S I N E S S
Houston, a global trade hub, consistently ranks among the
top three U.S. cities in the number of foreign consulates.
It is the base of operations for the international oil and
gas exploration and production industry and for many
of the nation’s largest international engineering and
construction firms.
• A key center for international finance, Houston leads the
Southwest with 19 foreign banks from 9 nations.
• Ninety-one nations have consular representation in the
city, ranking Houston’s consular corps third largest in
the nation.
• Fourteen foreign governments maintain trade and
commercial offices here, and the city has 32 active
foreign chambers of commerce and trade associations.
• Consumers can search the Houston Association
of Realtors® properties database (HAR.com) in
English, Spanish, Chinese, French, German, Italian
and Vietnamese. The association’s more than 5,600
multilingual realtors speak 99 languages.
14
• Houston has 18 sister-city relationships promoting
business opportunities across five continents: Africa (1),
Americas (2), Asia (7), Australia (1), and Europe (7).
• 430 Houston area companies report having offices
abroad in 144 countries.
• More than 800 firms in Houston report foreign
ownership.
• In 2015, at least 23 foreign-owned firms representing
12 countries invested in office expansions, new plants
and expanded distribution facilities in Houston.
• In 2015, more than $500 million in capital investments
were made by foreign-owned firms in Houston, creating
some 1,600 new jobs.
• At least 2,800 local manufacturers engage in
global commerce.
• Eleven of Houston’s 32 skyscrapers (at least 150 meters
tall) are owned, co-owned, or financed by foreign
investors.
INDUSTRIES
A E R O S PA C E
Home to NASA’s Johnson Space Center (JSC), and a diverse
network of research and education organizations with ties
to aerospace technology, the Houston region is a worldwide
leader in the aerospace industry.
Establishments
Houston is home to more than 150 companies involved in
aircraft or space vehicle manufacturing, space research and
technology, or other air transportation support activities.
There are 10 establishments in aerospace products and
parts manufacturing.
Economic Impact
The Johnson Space Center manages an annual budget of
approximately $4.5 billion in contracts, grants, civil service
payroll and procurements. Of that amount, about $2.1 billion
is spent in the Houston region.
Tourism
Space Center Houston is the official visitor’s center for
Johnson Space Center. Approximately 800,000 visitors
each year come to learn about the past, present, and future
story of America’s space program.
BANKING
Employment
In 2015, the Houston MSA employed an average of 95,900
workers in the finance and insurance sector.
Top Employers
JPMorgan Chase (5,000 employees), VALIC (3,100), Bank
of America (3,000), Wells Fargo (2,471) and Amegy Bank
of Texas (2,215).
Institutions and Deposits
$214.73 billion. The Houston MSA in 2015 ranked 11th
among U.S. MSAs in total deposits.
• Fourteen of the nation’s 30 largest FDIC-insured banks,
as measured by domestic deposits, operate full-service
branches or commercial loan offices in the Houston
region. These 14 include the four largest banks in
the nation.
• According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2012 County
Business Patterns, the Houston MSA had 8,976 finance
and insurance establishments with a total annual payroll
of $8.129 billion.
As of June 30, 2013 the Houston MSA’s 103 FDIC-insured
institutions had 1,493 local offices and local deposits of
15
W H O L E S A L E A N D R E TA I L T R A D E
Employment
Wholesale trade employment in the Houston MSA averaged
173,000 in 2015. Retail trade employment in the Houston
MSA averaged 299,700 in 2015.
2015 GROSS RETAIL SALES
County
Top Employers
Houston MSA
Kroger (12,000 employees), Macy’s (7,000), H.E.B. (6,000),
Fiesta Mart (5,500) and Home Depot (4,710).
Austin
Establishments
The Houston MSA in the fourth quarter of 2015 had 11,075
wholesale trade establishments and 17,603 retail trade
establishments.
Retail
At the end of 2015, CBRE reported a retail base of 214.8
million-square-feet (msf) for 3,456 Houston area regional
malls, multi-tenant centers and single-tenant buildings over
20,000 square-feet. The vacancy rate was 6.1 percent, total
net absorption for 2015 was 2.5 million square-feet and the
average annual lease rate was $17.97 per square foot.
Gross Retail Sales
% Change
from 2013
112,142,527,110
-11.0%
269,550,359
-85.4%
3,959,136,524
2.4%
Chambers
331,783,432
-80.3%
Fort Bend
8,231,492,915
-6.7%
Galveston
3,882,707,100
1.1%
86,251,680,043
-8.8%
876,197,611
-6.7%
7,829,709,733
-12.3%
510,269,393
-13.8%
Brazoria
Harris
Liberty
Montgomery
Waller
Source: Texas Comptroller’s Office
C O N S T R U C T I O N A N D R E A L E S TAT E
Employment
Construction employment in the Houston MSA averaged
218,250 in 2015, increasing 6.8 percent from the 204,433
employed in 2014.
Building Permits
Industrial
In 2015, the City of Houston issued building permits
valued at $8.2 billion, down 5.2 percent from $8.7 billion
in 2014. Nonresidential permits fell 4.7 percent, from $5.6
billion in 2014 to $5.4 billion in 2015. Permits for residential
construction totaled $2.8 billion in 2015, down 6.0 percent
from $3.0 billion in 2014.
Houston’s 494.7 msf of industrial space in buildings of
10,000 sf or more rank it as the sixth largest U.S. market.
CBRE reported year-end 2015 occupancy remained tight
at 95.1 percent. During 2015, construction of 9.1 msf was
completed and 6.3 msf was absorbed. Across the market,
average asking rates increased from $0.67 per sf per month
in 2014 to $0.69 per sf per month in 2015.
Office
Single-Family
At the close of 2015, CBRE reports that the Houston area
— the nation’s fifth largest office market — counted 1,280
general-purpose office buildings containing 210.9 millionsquare-feet (msf) of completed net rentable space (42.2 msf
in the Central Business District, or CBD).
According to the Houston Association of Realtors®, MLS
single family closings (largely resale homes) in the Houston
area totaled 73,724 in 2015, down 2.4 percent from
75,535 in 2014. Median sales price for resale single-family
detached homes was $212,000 in 2015, up 6.5 percent
from $199,000 in 2014. The inventory of unsold homes at
year-end increased from 2.5 months in December 2014
to 3.2 months in December 2015. (Months of inventory is
the number of months it will take to deplete current active
inventory based on the prior 12 months of sales activity.)
Net absorption (net change in leased space in completed
buildings) for all general purpose office space was 4.8 msf
in 2015. The vacancy rate for the entire Houston market was
14.2 percent by the end of 2015.
16
Average rent for the entire Class A office market was $37.73
per square foot ($45.95 for CBD Class A and $35.99 for
suburban Class A). Both CBD and Suburban Class A average
rent increased compared to year-end 2014 numbers.
Multi-family
As of February 2016, Apartment Data Services reported that
Houston area multi-family occupancy stood at 90.3 percent,
with an inventory of 610,131 units in 2,618 complexes. Rental
rates averaged $1.10 per square foot per month. Class A
apartments recorded 81.3 percent occupancy at $1.53/sf/
mo; Class B: 93.0 percent occupancy at $0.94/sf/mo; Class
C: 93.6 percent occupancy at $0.88/sf/mo; and Class D: 90.4
percent occupancy at $0.60/sf/mo. Apartment construction
in the Houston area for 2016 is proposed to add 30,000
units in 102 buildings.
HOUSTON AREA HOUSING STARTS AND MULTI-FAMILY UNITS DELIVERED
Single-family starts
52,565
53,040
14,405
12,328
60,682
59,669
12,714
10,126
8,358
38,160
49,543
40,712
48,003
47,587
21,862
17,628
40,336
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
18,253
29,490
14,640
22,637
23,736
5,874
3,784
5,383
23,616
18,687
18,853
18,353
2009
2010
2011
26,141
45,590
12,103
33,327
37,568
33,963
2002
Total
52,297
14,729
47,968
42,321
Multi-family units added
2012
28,233
2013
29,959
2014
27,337
2015
Source: Metrostudy and Apartment Data Services
ENERGY
Houston is the leading domestic and international center
for virtually every segment of the energy industry –
exploration, production, transmission, marketing, service,
supply, offshore drilling and technology.
Employment
As of February 2016, the Houston MSA held 28.6 percent of
the nation’s jobs in oil and gas extraction (51,100 of 178,700),
12.8 percent of jobs in support activities for mining (39,100
of 306,600) and 15.1 percent of agriculture, construction and
mining machinery manufacturing jobs (33,300 of 220,900).
Top Employers
Exxon Mobil Corp., Shell Oil Co., National Oilwell Varco
Inc., Schlumberger Ltd., Chevron Corp., Halliburton
Co., Baker Hughes Inc., BP America, GE Oil & Gas,
CenterPoint Energy Inc.
17
Establishments
The Houston MSA has approximately 4,808 energy-related
establishments. In the third quarter of 2015, establishments
specifically in oil and gas extraction totaled 983, where 1,112
establishments conducted support activities for oil and
gas operations.
Houston is home to 40 of the nation’s 135 publicly traded oil
and gas exploration and production firms, including nine of
the top 25; nine more among the top 25 have subsidiaries,
major divisions or other significant operations in Houston.
ENGINEERING
Employment
The logistics for moving much of the nation’s petroleum and
natural gas across the country are controlled from Houston.
Thirteen of the nation’s 20 largest U.S. interstate oil pipeline
companies have a presence in the Houston region that
includes corporate or divisional headquarters or ownership
interests. These 13 control 61,296 miles or 38.2 percent of
all U.S. oil pipeline capacity. Fourteen of the nation’s top
20 natural gas transmission companies have corporate or
divisional headquarters in Houston, controlling 106,849
miles of U.S. pipeline, which is 54.7 percent of total U.S. gas
pipeline capacity.
ENGINEERING CONCENTR ATIONS
Houston MSA vs. U.S. Average
Engineers
in Houston
Per
100,000
Workers
(Houston)
Per
100,000
Workers
(U.S.)
Aerospace Engineers
2,360
80.40
1.70
For every 100,000 workers in the Houston MSA, there are
3,133 engineers and architects. In comparison, for every
100,000 workers in the U.S., there are 1,795 engineers
and architects.
Biomedical Engineers
270
9.10
15.20
4,360
148.80
23.40
11,030
376.40
199.60
According to the Houston Business Journal, Houston’s
10 largest civil and structural engineering firms (ranked
by local gross billings) include Burns & McDonnell, LJA
Engineering, Brown & Gay Engineers Inc., Jones and Carter,
Furgo Consultants, PGAL. Tolunay-Wong Engineers, BEI
Engineers, Walter P Moore, and Cobb, Fendley & Associates.
Electrical Engineers
4,450
152.00
129.50
Electronics
Engineers, Except
Computer
3,100
106.00
98.20
900
30.90
38.10
Health and Safety
Engineers,
Except Mining Safety
Engineers and
Inspectors
1,550
53.00
18.10
Industrial Engineers
5,100
174.00
179.50
Marine Engineers and
Naval Architects
1,360
46.30
5.50
680
23.10
19.60
8,760
298.80
201.80
700
23.80
5.80
Petroleum Engineers
10,810
368.80
25.10
Engineers, All Other
2,740
93.50
91.00
Houston has more than 91,800 engineers, architects,
drafters and technicians of all disciplines, the most
numerous being: petroleum, civil, mechanical, industrial,
chemical, and electrical.
According to the Houston Business Journal, Houston’s 10
largest energy engineering firms (ranked by local licensed
engineers) include Jacobs Engineering, Flour Corp.,
KBR., Wood Group Mustang, Technip USA Inc., CB&I,
Gulf Interstate Engineering Company, S&B Engineers and
Constructors, Stress Engineering Services, and Burns &
McDonnell Engineering Company. These 10 companies
alone employed 2,254 licensed engineers and more than
28,000 local full-time employees.
Chemical Engineers
Civil Engineers
Environmental
Engineers
Establishments
Materials Engineers
The Houston MSA has more than 3,200 engineering and
architectural service establishments. In the third quarter of
2015, there were 1,961 engineering service establishments,
384 architecture service establishments, 44 drafting service
establishments, and 889 other related establishments.
Mechanical
Engineers
Mining and
Geological Engineers,
Including Mining
Safety Engineers
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Occupational Employment Statistics, May 2015
18
H E A LT H C A R E
Employment
Largest Hospitals
The Houston MSA employs over 345,000 employees in the
health care industry.
Houston Methodist Hospital (1,109 beds); Memorial Hermann
Hospital (1,034 beds); CHI St. Luke’s Health-Baylor St Luke’s
Medical Center (881 beds); St. Joseph Medical Center (744
beds) and Texas Children’s Hospital (605 beds).
• The region has 16,544 physicians and 134 hospitals (115
general and special, 13 psychiatric) with 20,373 beds.
• Harris County, with 13,552 physicians, has 94 hospitals
(82 general and special, 10 psychiatric) with 17,026 beds.
• Clinics, nursing homes and assisted-living facilities are
plentiful.
• Virtually every medical specialty is represented in
the region.
Establishments
The Houston region is home to over 13,100 health care
establishments. This includes 219 licensed emergency
medical services firms (ambulance services), each required
by law to have a physician medical director. The Houston
MSA also has 55 registered first responder organizations.
(Source: Texas Workforce Commission)
TEX AS MEDICAL CENTER
The Texas Medical Center is the world’s largest medical
complex by any measure – number of hospitals, number
of physicians, square footage, patient volume. The Texas
Medical Center member institutions have been consistently
recognized as some of the best hospitals and universities in
the nation by U.S. News and World Report.
Texas Medical Center institutions include:
• Six general hospitals: Ben Taub General Hospital;
Lyndon B. Johnson General Hospital; Memorial
Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center; Houston
Methodist Hospital; CHI St. Luke’s Health; and The
University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston.
• Eleven specialized hospitals: Harris County Psychiatric
Center; Quentin Mease Community Hospital; Shriners
Hospitals for Children– Houston and Galveston; Texas
Children’s Hospital; DePelchin Children’s Center;
The Institute for Rehabilitation and Research (TIRR);
The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center;
Children’s Memorial Hermann Hospital; The Menninger
Clinic; and the Michael E. DeBakey Veteran Affairs
Medical Center Houston.
• Two specialized patient facilities: Texas Heart Institute;
and Houston Hospice.
• Four medical schools: Baylor College of Medicine;
Texas A&M University Health Science Center; The
University of Texas Medical School; and The University
of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston.
• Five schools of nursing: Prairie View A&M University
College of Nursing; Texas Woman’s University Institute
of Health Sciences; The University of Texas School
of Nursing; Houston Community College; and the
University of Houston-Victoria School of Nursing.
19
• Two schools of pharmacy: Texas Southern University
College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences; and
University of Houston College of Pharmacy.
• One dental school: The University of Texas Health
Science Center Dental School.
• In 2016, HISD’s Michael E. DeBakey High School for
Health Professions was ranked 11th in the country
among STEM-focused High Schools by U.S. News and
World Report.
• Houston Community College offers 19 health
science fields.
M A N U FA C T U R I N G
Employment
Petroleum Refining
Manufacturing employment in the Houston MSA stood at
234,300 jobs in February 2016 – 64.1 percent in durable
goods and 35.9 percent in nondurables. Chemicals
accounted for 16.0 percent of total manufacturing
employment; fabricated metals and machinery, 42.9 percent.
Top Employers
The Spaghetti Bowl is a complex of several thousand
miles of product pipeline connecting hundreds of chemical
plants, refineries, salt domes and fractionation plants along
the Texas Gulf Coast. It gives the Houston area a unique
economic advantage through convenient and low-cost
transfer of feedstocks, fuel and chemical products among
plants, storage terminals and transportation facilities.
National Oilwell Varco, The Dow Chemical Co., GE Oil & Gas,
Cameron International, Goodman Manufacturing Company,
LyondellBasell Industries, Oceaneering International,
Chevron Phillips Chemical Company, FMC Technologies,
Emerson Process Management.
According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration’s
Refinery Capacity Report issued January 2015, the Texas
Gulf Coast had a crude operating capacity of 4.5 million
barrels of refined petroleum products per calendar day —
87 percent of the Texas total and 25 percent of the U.S. total.
Establishments
Chemicals/Petrochemicals
The Houston MSA has more than 6,300 manufacturing
establishments. In the third quarter of 2015, there were
1,783 fabricated metal manufacturers, 788 machinery
manufacturers, 535 chemical manufactures, 330 computer
& electronic manufactures, 223 plastic manufacturers, and
2,664 other manufacturers.
With more than 530 chemical manufacturing establishments
and employment exceeding 37,200, the Houston MSA
has 41.9 percent of the nation’s base petrochemicals
manufacturing capacity. According to IHS, the Houston MSA
annual base petrochemicals production capacity in 2016 was:
Million Metric Tons
per Year
% of U.S. Total
Benzene
3.7
39.0%
Butadiene
1.3
55.6%
Ethylene
11.5
40.3%
Propylene
12.1
41.5%
Toluene
2.4
39.8%
Xylenes
5.4
40.0%
Source: IHS
• Base petrochemicals are the raw materials for
producing some of the more important plastics and
resins. The Houston MSA dominates U.S. production of
three major resins — polyethylene, with 48.3 percent
of U.S. capacity; polypropylene, with 48.9 percent; and
polyvinyl chloride, with 33.9 percent.
20
GOVERNMENT
C I T Y O F H O U S TO N
• The City of Houston is a home rule municipality, which
provides the city with inherent powers to manage its
own affairs with minimal interference from the state.
• The city’s elected officials, serving concurrent two-year
terms, are: the Mayor, the City Controller and the 16
members of City Council. No elected city official may
serve in one position for more than three terms. Eleven
council members are elected from single-member
districts and five are elected citywide or “at-large”.
• The city’s adopted General Fund budget for fiscal year
2016 is $2,545,098,770.
COUNTIES
• Each county in Texas is run by a five-member
Commissioners’ Court consisting of four commissioners
elected from single-member districts, called
commissioner precincts, and a county judge elected
“at-large” or countywide. The county commissioners
and county judge serve staggered four-year terms and
are not term-limited.
• Texas has 254 counties with Harris County being the
most populous county in the state and the third most
populous in the U.S.
21
S TAT E G O V E R N M E N T
• The chief executive of the State of Texas is the
governor. Other elected officials with executive
responsibilities include the lieutenant governor, attorney
general, comptroller of public accounts, commissioner
of the General Land Office and commissioner of
agriculture. All of these elected offices have a term of
four years.
• The Texas Legislature has 181 members: 31 in the
Senate, who are elected to four-year overlapping terms,
and 150 in the House of Representatives, who are
elected to two-year terms. Regular sessions of the state
legislature convene on the second Tuesday of January
in odd-numbered years. The Texas Constitution limits
the regular session to 140 calendar days; however, the
governor may call special sessions.
• Legislative districts partly or entirely within the
Houston MSA:
State Senate: 4, 6, 7, 11, 13, 15, 17, 18
State House of
126-135, 137-150
Representatives:
3,
15,
26-28,
U N I T E D S TAT E S C O N G R E S S
• There are 10 Texas Congressional Districts containing
areas partly or entirely within the Houston MSA.
– District 2, (Harris County), District 7 (Harris County),
District 8 (Harris and Montgomery counties), District
9 (Harris, Brazoria and Fort Bend counties), District
10 (Harris, Waller and Austin counties), District 14
(Galveston and Brazoria counties), District 18 (Harris
County), District 22 (Fort Bend, Brazoria and Harris
counties), District 29 (Harris County), and District 36
(Harris, Chambers and Liberty counties).
COU NCI L OF GOVERNMENTS
The Houston-Galveston Area Council (H-GAC) is a voluntary
association of local governments in the 13-county Gulf Coast
Planning Region. Organized in 1966, H-GAC is comprised
of 35 elected officials that represent all 13 counties (Austin,
Brazoria, Chambers, Colorado, Fort Bend, Galveston,
Harris, Liberty, Matagorda, Montgomery, Walker, Waller and
Wharton), 107 cities and 11 school districts.
22
• H-GAC is not an additional level of government, a
regulatory agency or a taxing authority. Its activities
are financed by local government dues; state
appropriations; and through grants and contracts with
local, state and federal entities.
• The Council’s mission is to serve as the instrument of
local government cooperation, promoting the region’s
orderly development and the safety and welfare of
its citizens.
TA X AT I O N
• The maximum sales and use tax rate in the state of
Texas is 8.25 percent (6.25 percent for the state and
up to 2 percent for local jurisdictions); certain food and
drug items are exempt.
TYPICAL PROPERTY TAXES
Total Tax Rate
$2.32 /per $100 taxable value
• Ad valorem property tax is the primary source of local
government revenue in the Houston region.
The table below shows typical tax rates for property located
within the city limits of Houston. The tax rates are expressed
as dollars per $100 taxable value.
FULL MARKET VALUE OF TAX ROLL
2015
City of Houston
$0.60
$0.42
$0.10
$1.20
Harris County
Houston ISD
$207,090,110,684
Houston
Independent
School District
City of Houston
Houston
Community
College
Harris County
$278,607,400,143
$524,287,009,275
Source: Harris County Appraisal District
Source: Harris County Appraisal District
PUBLIC SAFET Y
Houston Police Department (HPD)
Houston Fire Department
• HPD’s budget for FY 2016 is $807.0 million.
• HFD is the third largest fire department in the U.S., with
103 fire stations equipped with 87 engine companies;
92 ambulances and advanced life support units; 11
boosters; 4 cascade units; 32 aerial ladder trucks; and
13 evacuation and rescue boats.
• The budget calls for 5,181 full-time-equivalent (FTE)
police personnel, 1,164 FTE civilian personnel and 136
FTE police cadets in training.
• HPD’s 2015 estimated average response time was
5.00 minutes for priority one calls and 9.59 minutes for
priority two calls.
• For 2016, HPD has budgeted to respond to 1,170,000
dispatched calls.
Harris County Sheriff’s Office (HCSO)
• HCSO is the largest sheriff’s office in Texas and the third
largest in the United States.
• HCSO’s FY2016-2017 operating budget is
$462.0 million.
The Harris County Sheriff’s Office provides law enforcement
protection in the unincorporated parts of the county,
which constitutes some 1,700 square miles with 1.5 million
residents and growing.
• In 2015, HFD performed 246,998 fire responses with
an average response time of 7.26 minutes and 342,131
emergency medical service responses with an average
response time of 7.24 minutes.
• HFD’s FY 2016 budget is $509.6 million and calls for
4,243 FTE employees, of whom 114 are civilians.
Harris County Fire Protection
• In all, 54 fire departments operate in Harris County; 42
provide fire protection in unincorporated parts of the
county, coordinated by the Harris County Fire Marshal.
In addition, 31 emergency service districts provide
fire protection, emergency medical service or both to
specific areas within the county.
• HCSO employs more than 4,500 salaried personnel –
of those more than 2,200 are certified peace officers
and nearly 1,230 are detention officers that work in
the jails. Additionally, it has more than 200 volunteer
reserve deputies.
23
E D U C AT I O N
SCHOOLS
• Houston Independent School District (HISD), with 2015
enrollment of 215,157 students, is the seventh-largest
public school system in the nation and the largest in
Texas. Encompassing 301 square miles within greater
Houston, HISD has 283 campuses: 10 early childhood
centers; 153 elementary schools; 37 middle schools; 40
high schools; and 43 combined/other campuses.
• The Houston MSA contains 65 school districts and
50 state-approved charter schools that reported 2015
enrollment of (1,252,660 (2013)) students, of whom
(868,475 (2013)) were in the 19 districts and 45 charter
schools largely or entirely in Harris County.
SELEC TED HOUSTON-ARE A INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DISTRIC TS
2014-2015
School District
Students per
Teacher Ratio
Expenditures
per student1
County
Aldine
76
67,204
16.7
$8,044
Harris
Alief
46
46,207
14.7
$8,725
Harris
Alvin
23
19,667
16.3
$7,875
Brazoria
7
4,676
14.8
$10,268
Chambers
Brazosport
20
12,364
16.3
$7,873
Brazoria
Clear Creek
45
39,808
15.9
$7,369
Galveston
Conroe
54
54,808
16.6
$6,862
Montgomery
Cypress-Fairbanks
82
111,173
16.7
$6,795
Harris
9
5,069
15.9
$7,451
Liberty
Deer Park
14
12,968
15.7
$13,633
Harris
Fort Bend
73
70,512
17.1
$7,435
Fort Bend
Galena Park
23
22,515
15.3
$8,488
Harris
Goose Creek
27
22,228
15.3
$8,646
Harris
Houston
283
215,157
18.5
$8,211
Harris
Humble
42
38,056
15.5
$7,650
Harris
Katy
59
67,015
15.6
$7,665
Harris
Klein
47
48,003
15.3
$7,862
Harris
Lamar
37
27,024
17.5
$7,544
Fort Bend
Magnolia
16
12,176
15.7
$7,503
Montgomery
New Caney
18
12,282
15.2
$8,215
Montgomery
Pasadena
61
54,382
15.4
$8,519
Harris
Pearland
24
19,964
16.5
$7,538
Brazoria
Sealy
4
2,766
13.7
$8,592
Austin
Spring
37
36,358
15.4
$7,741
Harris
Spring Branch
46
35,218
16.6
$8,317
Harris
Tomball
15
12,444
16.4
$7,921
Harris
8
5,895
16.8
$8,392
Waller
Barbers Hill
Dayton
Waller
1
24
Fall ‘14
Enrollment
Campuses
Class of 2014 *The list includes all ISDs with enrollment greater than 10,000, plus the largest ISD in each Houston MSA county with no ISD as large as 10,000.
Source: Texas Education Agency
HIGHER EDUCATION ENROLLMENT
Fall 2015
UNIVERSITIES Total Enrollment 178,678
Texas A&M University
58,515 Prairie View A&M University
8,268
University of Houston
42,704 Rice University
6,719
Sam Houston State University
20,120 University of St. Thomas
3,411
University of Houston-Downtown
14,262 Houston Baptist University
3,160
Texas Southern University
8,965 Texas A&M University at Galveston
2,324
University of Houston-Clear Lake
8,903 Texas Woman’s University-Houston
1,327
COMMUNIT Y COLLEGES Total Enrollment 230,012
Lone Star College System
83,932 Lee College
6,202
Houston Community College System
69,293 Alvin Community College
5,116
San Jacinto College District
28,326 Brazosport College
4,221
Blinn College
19,422 College of Mainland
4,013
7,416 Galveston College
2,071
Wharton County Junior College
MEDICAL SCHOOL S AND COLLEGES Total Enrollment 12,454
University of Texas Health Science Center
4,811 Baylor College of Medicine
1,564
University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston
3,169 University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
Texas A&M University Health Science Center
2,590
320
Sources: College and University Websites; Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board
LIBRARIES
• The Houston Public Library is comprised of 44 units
with a 2015 total circulation of 4,264,125.
• Harris County Public Library is a system of 26 branch
libraries with a 2015 total circulation of 8,856,269.
CO L L EG E S A N D
UNIVERSITIES
The Houston region has approximately 421,000 students
in more than 60 degree-granting colleges, universities and
technical schools.
• Specialized schools exist for acupuncture, art, law,
health care, funeral, religious, and various other
disciples.
• In addition, the region has some 100 trade, vocational
and business schools.
25
INFRASTRUCTURE
PUBLIC UTILITIES
Electricity and Natural Gas
Water
Headquartered in Houston, CenterPoint Energy (CNP) is a
domestic energy delivery company that includes electric
transmission and distribution; natural gas distribution;
competitive natural gas sales and services; interstate
pipelines; and field services operations.
The water supply now available or under development will
meet Houston’s needs beyond 2050.
• CNP’s assets total more than $23.2 billion and the
company employs 7,400, of which 4,930 are employed
in Houston.
• In 2015, CNP delivered 85.8 million megawatt hours of
electricity to 2,378,517 residential, 283,807 commercial,
758 municipal and 1,969 industrial customers in its
5,000 square mile service area in the Houston region.
• In 2015, CNP delivered 433 billion cubic feet of natural
gas to 3,149,845 residential and 253,921 commercial/
industrial customers.
Telecommunications
Four overlaid area codes serve the Houston area: 281, 713,
832 and 346. Phone calls placed within or between these
area codes are local calls, but must be placed with the full
10-digit phone number.
• The Public Utilities Commission of Texas (PUC) has
certified 278 active Competitive Local Exchange
Carriers to provide local phone service in the state.
• The Texas PUC has registered 264 active long distance
Interexchange Carriers.
• More than a dozen cellular service providers offer
mobile voice and data communications in the
Houston MSA.
26
• The San Jacinto River Basin of Lakes Houston
and Conroe provides the City an estimated
258 million gallons per day (mgd); wells add
approximately 253 mgd.
• The City owns water rights to 914 mgd.
• The City of Houston has, on average, used
approximately 220 mgd of industrial water and 450 mgd
of treated water.
• Groundwater accounted for approximately 16 percent of
treated water. Lake Livingston accounted for 72 percent
of the surface water used by the City; Lake Houston
supplies 15 percent; and the remaining 13 percent
comes from different permitted sources.
• The City has three purification plants: East Water Plant,
350 mgd; Southeast Water Plant, 200 mgd; Northeast
Water Plant 80 mgd.
Wastewater
• The City of Houston operates 40 wastewater treatment
plants; 13 biosolid processing units; three wet weather
facilities; and 383 sanitary lift stations. It maintains
6,950 miles of sanitary sewer lines with more than
440,000 connections.
L A N D T R A N S P O R TAT I O N
Motor Freight Lines
• 1,004 long-distance trucking establishments operate in
the Houston MSA.
Railroads
• The Houston area is served by BNSF Railway Company,
Kansas City Southern Railway Company, and Union
Pacific Railroad Company. Businesses along the
Houston ship channel are served by the Port Terminal
Railroad Association. Fourteen mainline tracks radiate
from Houston.
• Amtrak provides passenger service to the New
Orleans-San Antonio-Los Angeles route.
Intracoastal Waterway
• 406 miles of the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway. The main
channel is 12 feet deep and 125 feet wide. The entire
Gulf Intracoastal Waterway spans 1,300 miles from
Brownsville, TX. to St. Mark’s, FL.
• Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT): According to TxDOT,
in FY 2015, a total of 81,006,099 vehicle miles were
traveled per day in the Houston region. The average
daily VMT per vehicle was 15.42 miles – based on
the 5,254,399 vehicles registered in the region
during FY 2015.
Metropolitan Transit Authority (METRO)
Created and funded with a one-cent sales tax in a 1978
voter referendum, the Metropolitan Transit Authority of
Harris County began operations in January 1979.
• METRO serves an area of 1,303 square miles – with
2,663 route miles; 20 transit centers; 9,816 bus
stops; and 28 Park & Ride lots that offer 32,802
parking spaces.
• In FY 2015, METRO’s fleet included 1,219 buses, 154
paratransit vans and 75 light-rail train cars. At weekday
peak, 963 buses operated on 126 routes.
• In 2013, Texas’ portion of the Gulf Coast Intracoastal
Waterway facilitated the transportation of 79,173,658
short tons of cargo.
• FY 2015 total system ridership, including fixed route
buses and METRORail, METROLift, STAR Vanpool,
HOV vanpools/carpools, was 112 million, up 2.0 percent
from FY 2014.
Freeways, Highways and Toll Roads
• Passenger boardings in FY 2015 averaged 9.3 million
per month.
In the Houston MSA, 4,206.41 lane miles of freeways and
expressways are in operation.
• Daily fixed-route weekday ridership in FY 2015
averaged 292,479 boardings.
• High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Lanes: Houston has
more miles of HOV lanes than any other U.S. city.
There are currently 118.42 miles of HOV lanes on
Houston freeways.
• All buses on 126 bus routes and all METRORail vehicles
are fully accessible to disabled patrons. METROLift
offers prescheduled curb-to-curb service for disabled
patrons who cannot use METRO’s fixed-route service.
• Highway Spending: In FY 2015, the Texas Department
of Transportation – Houston District has $1.0 billion in
planned projects to let, versus $818.2 million in planned
projects during FY 2014.
27
PORTS
PORT OF HOUSTON - FOREIGN TR ADE
2015
Sea Ports in Houston MSA
Leading Export Commodities
The Houston Region contains four seaports.
By Value
SE APORTS R ANKED BY TOTAL TR ADE
2015
U.S. Rank
1
Port
Total Trade in Metric Tons
Houston
150,876,547
15
Texas City
23,969,110
27
Freeport
14,897,064
41
Galveston
6,421,890
Port of Houston
• In 2015, the Port of Houston ranked first in foreign
tonnage among U.S. ports for the 19th consecutive
year and first in import tonnage for the 24th
consecutive year.
• The Port of Houston ranked second in total tonnage for
the 23rd consecutive year in 2014, the most recent data
available.
Petroleum/petroleum products
$24,565,501,786
Machinery
$12,399,954,072
Organic Chemicals
$10,265,477,828
Plastics
$6,408,060,605
Electric Machinery
$3,198,103,360
By Weight (Short Tons)
66,219,326
Organic Chemicals
10,610,033
Cereals
5,326,583
Plastics
4,829,794
Inorganic Chemicals
1,099,892
Leading Import Commodities
By Value
$14,571,684,242
Machinery
$7,171,057,789
Articles of Iron or Steel
$6,293,376,324
Vehicles/vehicle parts
$3,800,592,490
Organic Chemicals
$3,431,456,305
41,519,201
Natural Stone
5,334,002
Organic Chemicals
4,725,435
Articles of Iron or Steel
4,681,233
Iron and Steel
3,450,904
Leading Trading Partners (Combined Imports and Exports)
By Value
Mexico
$12,462,904,012
China
$12,095,342,191
Brazil
$8,199,722,805
Germany
$8,178,036,786
Netherlands
$5,925,338,253
Mexico
32,709,720
China
11,412,311
Brazil
11,226,281
Colombia
8,159,589
Netherlands
6,361,762
Source: Adapted from WISERTrade: International Trade Database, WISER LLC.
28
• Total foreign shipments in 2015 were 165.5 million short
tons that were valued at $136.0 billion. Foreign imports
were 70.4 million short tons, valued at $59.5 billion and
foreign exports were 95.2 million short tons, valued at
$76.5 billion.
• The Port’s Foreign Trade Zone (FTZ-84) ranked fourth
in the U.S. in the value of merchandise received, while
the portion of the trade zone assigned to Exxon-Mobil
(FTZ-84O) ranked first in the value of manufacturing
operations-related merchandise received. In 2013,
FTZ-84 exports were valued at over $5.3 billion,
shipments to the U.S. market topped $1.4 billion,
and domestic and foreign shipments were valued at
$18.2 billion.
• Container service was initiated in Houston in 1956,
and today, the Port of Houston is the largest Gulf
Coast container port, handling 64 percent of U.S.
Gulf Coast container traffic and 95 percent of Texas
container traffic.
• In 2015, the Port of Houston handled 21.6 million tons of
containerized cargo hauled in 2.1 million TEUs (twentyfoot equivalent units), setting new port records for both
tonnage and containers handled in a year.
• The Port of Houston ranked as the 10th busiest U.S.
container port in 2014, based on total TEUs.
Houston Ship Channel
The Houston Ship Channel, a 52-mile inland waterway,
connects Houston with the sea lanes of the world. Its
turning basin is eight miles east of Houston’s central
business district.
• A majority of the channel has a minimum width of 530
feet and a depth at mean low tide of 45 feet.
• Houston has more than 100 wharves in operation,
including private terminals for the industrial complexes
that line both sides of the channel.
• The Houston region contains one of the world’s largest
petrochemical complexes, with the majority being in
close proximity to the ship channel and the region’s
sea ports.
• Each year, more than 200 million tons of cargo move
through the Houston Ship Channel, carried by more
than 8,000 vessels and 200,000 barge calls.
29
A I R T R A N S P O R TAT I O N
Houston is the international air gateway to the south central
United States and all of Latin America. With the addition of
international air service at Hobby Airport in 2015, Houston
became the only city in Texas that is home to two airports
offering international service and one of only eight such
cities nationwide. Scheduled passenger airplanes fly to 124
domestic and 74 international destinations from Houston
airports; 32 airlines provide scheduled passenger service
for the Houston Airport System (HAS).
Houston Airport System (HAS) Aviation
Statistics
• In 2015, HAS served 55,118,706 passengers, up 3.6
percent from 2014.
• International traffic increased 9.6 percent to a record
10,756,796 passengers in 2015. Domestic passenger
totals also set an airport system record, increasing 2.4
percent to 44,429,772 in 2015.
• At IAH, domestic passengers numbered 32.4 million, up
3.1 percent from 2014. At HOU, domestic traffic rose 0.5
percent to 12.0 million passengers in 2015.
• The Houston Airport System handled a total of 441,565
metric tons of air freight in 2015, excluding airmail.
Domestic cargo accounted for 49.8 percent of total
air freight, while international cargo accounted for
50.2 percent.
General Aviation
• Houston offers excellent general aviation facilities for
corporate aircraft. In addition to IAH, HOU and EFD,
the FAA lists 33 Houston MSA public-use airports and
heliports: Austin County (1), Brazoria (8), Chambers
(3), Fort Bend (6), Galveston (3), Harris (7), Liberty (2),
Montgomery (2), and Waller (1).
AIR CARRIERS SERVING THE HOUSTON
AIRPORT SYSTEM
George Bush Intercontinental (IAH)
7 U.S. Carriers
Alaska Airlines, American Airlines (also serves HOU),
Delta Air Lines (also serves HOU), Frontier Airlines, Spirit
Airlines, United Airlines, Wings of Alaska
22 International Carriers
AeroMexico, Air Canada, Air China, Air France, Air
New Zealand, Atlas Air (scheduled charter to Luanda,
Angola, Africa), ANA (All Nippon Airways), AVIANCA,
British Airways, Emirates, EVA Air, Interjet, KLM Royal
Dutch Airlines, Korean Air, Lufthansa, Qatar Airways,
SAS (Scandinavian Airlines), Singapore Airlines, Turkish
Airlines, VivaAerobus, Volaris, Westjet
11 Dedicated Cargo Freighters
Air France Cargo (France), Cargolux (Luxemburg), Cathay
Pacific Cargo (Hong Kong), China Airlines Cargo (Taiwan),
DHL (Germany), Emirates Sky Cargo (United Arab
Emirates), Etihad Cargo (United Arab Emirates), Federal
Express (U.S.), Lufthansa (Germany), Qatar Cargo (Qatar),
United Parcel Service (U.S.)
William P. Hobby Airport (HOU)
5 Domestic Passenger Airlines
American Airlines (also serves IAH), Branson Air Express,
Delta Air Lines (also serves IAH), JetBlue Airways,
Southwest Airlines
1 International Airline
Southwest Airlines
Ellington Airport (EFD)
Added to the Houston Airport System in 1984, Ellington
serves commercial, general and military aviation. EFD
received FAA approval to be a licensed commercial
spaceport in 2015.
Source: Houston Airport System, January 2016
PASSENGER NON-STOP SERVICE
DESTINATIONS
IAH
HOU
HAS Total
121 Domestic
52 Domestic
124 Domestic
74 International
9 International
74 International
195 Total
61 Total
198 Total
*The HAS totals represent the number of unique destinations served by the
airport system and is not cumulative.
Source: Houston Airport System, January 2016
30
C O M M U N I C AT I O N S M E D I A
D I G I TA L
PRINT
Online-only news outlets covering greater Houston.
• Houston’s major daily newspaper is the Houston
Chronicle.
• Culture Map
• Bisnow
• Swamplot
• Houston Style Magazine
• Local Houston
• According to Alliance for Audited Media, it is the second
largest newspaper in Texas and 13th largest in the
U.S., with 370,961 in combined print and online daily
circulation as of 2014.
• More than 60 local and community newspapers,
including
• Houston Business Weekly
• Bellaire Examiner
• Intown Magazine
• Community Impact Newspaper
• The Buzz Magazines
• Fort Bend Southwest Star
B ROADCA ST
• Katy Sun
• Free Press Houston
• 17 Digital TV Stations
• Friendswood Journal
• 29 AM Radio Stations
• Galveston County Daily News
• 36 FM Radio Stations
• River Oaks Examiner
• Comcast Xfinity provides cable service for most of the
Houston area.
• The Villager
• 10 college newspapers
31
ENVIRONMENT
W AT E R
The City of Houston’s drinking water system maintains a
“superior” rating, the highest rating for water quality issued
by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ).
• 80 percent of our supply flows from the Trinity River
into Lake Livingston, and from the San Jacinto River into
Lake Conroe and Lake Houston.
• The City of Houston owns a 70 percent share of Lake
Livingston, 70 percent of Lake Conroe, 100 percent of
Lake Houston and 70 percent of the future Allens Creek
Reservoir.
• Deep underground wells drilled into the Evangeline and
Chicot underground aquifers currently provide the other
20 percent of the City’s water supply.
CLEAN AIR
Under the Clean Air Act, the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) has established National Ambient Air Quality
Standards for six major air pollutants: particulate matter,
carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, lead, and
ground-level ozone. Houston is currently in attainment for
all criteria pollutants, except for ozone.
• The Houston population, transportation, and
manufacturing is growing; however, the air quality is
improving year-over-year.
32
• According to Houston Regional Monitoring (HRM), there
were seven one-hour ozone exceedance days in 2015,
an increase from the single exceedance day recorded in
2014. For comparison, in 1987 there were 66 days when
the standard was exceeded.
C I T Y O F H O U S T O N ’ S G R E E N T R A N S P O R TAT I O N I N I T I AT I V E
• The City of Houston has the third largest municipal
hybrid fleet in the nation, and the second largest
electric vehicle municipal fleet.
• Greenlink buses provide free transportation downtown
through a partnership among the Downtown District,
BG Group, and Houston First Corporation. The buses
run on Compressed Natural Gas (CNG); a cleaner
transportation alternative. The route spans 2.5 miles
with 18 stops; destinations along the route include the
George R. Brown Convention Center, Discovery Green,
City Hall and the Central Library.
• B-cycle, a program of Houston Bike Share allows
members to pick up a bike at any B-station and return it
to that same station or any other B-station. A total of 32
stations and over 200 bikes are available for use.
• Zipcar is a car sharing program where its members can
drive cars by the hour or day, choosing from a variety of
vehicles from eight locations in downtown Houston and
more across the city.
• Bike Boardings on METRO buses have more than
doubled since 2011.
R E N E WA B L E E N E R GY
The City of Houston has signed an agreement with Reliant
Energy to increase its purchase of renewable power
through at least June 2016, with negotiations for an
additional 12 months.
• From January 1, 2016 through December 31, 2016, the
City’s purchase of green power will account for 75
percent of its annual electricity demand. According to
the Environmental Protection Agency, Houston is the
largest municipal purchaser of renewable power in
the nation.
• The City will be using more than 950 million kilowatthours (kWh) of green power per year, which is
equivalent to the amount of kWh needed to power more
than 87,000 homes each year.
• When measured by square footage of Energy Star
certified buildings, the Houston metro area ranks eighth
in the U.S. with 86.5 million square feet.
• The City of Houston reached an agreement in March
2016 with Waste Management (WM) allowing the City to
continue offering recycling services. The only change
in service is the elimination of glass from the list of
acceptable items. The exclusion is expected to lower
processing costs and save the city $2 million over two
years. Residents may continue to drop off glass at the
City neighborhood recycling depositories.
33
L I F E I N H O US TO N
COST OF LIVING
The C2ER Cost of Living Index for 2015 shows that Houston’s
overall after-taxes living costs were 1.8 percent below the
nationwide average.
Houston’s housing costs are 58.8 percent below the
average for large metro areas, and its overall costs are 25.9
percent below the average for this group.
In the context of the 20 most populous metropolitan
areas, Houston’s cost-of-living advantage is even
more pronounced.
COST OF LIVING INDE X: 20 MOST POPULOUS METROPOLITAN ARE AS*
2015 Annual Data - (Average for 273 Urban Areas = 100)
Metropolitan Statistical
Area
All Items
Grocery
Items
Housing
Utilities
Transportation
Health
Care
Misc.
New York (Manhattan), NY
227.4
128.2
457.7
130.5
131.3
116.2
148.7
San Francisco, CA
176.4
127.9
319.4
108.2
132
118.1
118.3
Washington, DC
146.8
111.9
245.8
96.2
114.2
94.2
110.4
San Diego, CA
144.8
108.8
230.6
123.1
129.1
110.6
102.8
Boston, MA
144.3
105
193.7
151.7
110
130.4
129.2
Seattle, WA
140.3
124.6
183.9
107.7
121.1
120.5
128.9
Los Angeles, CA
140.3
106.3
213.3
115.6
132.7
109.3
106.1
Philadelphia, PA
119.5
115.8
135
122.5
110
99.8
112.8
Chicago, IL
116.2
116.7
135.7
104.2
114.5
99.1
106
Baltimore, MD
112.8
119
144
93.9
104.2
89
95.6
Miami, FL
112.3
108.6
129.6
96.7
112.7
105
104.9
Minneapolis, MN
108.2
108
111.8
93
112.1
105.5
108.9
Atlanta, GA
99.9
103.7
97.4
93.5
105
101.4
100.5
Houston, TX
98.2
85.6
105.2
97.1
91
91.4
100.9
Dallas, TX
96.1
100.9
76.1
99.4
99.2
101.9
108.4
Phoenix, AZ
95.9
98.5
94.8
96.6
100
97.2
94
Detroit, MI
95.3
88.8
90.8
104.4
105
96.4
95.6
St. Louis, MO
92.5
104.6
72
116.5
98.7
99.8
94.4
Tampa, FL
91.6
97.8
78.7
99.1
100
90.8
95
*Riverside, California is among the 20 most populous MSAs, but did not submit COLI data. Source: Council for Community and Economic Research (C2ER), Cost of Living
Index, 2015 Annual Average (data based on a survey of 273 urban areas, published January 2016).
34
W E AT H E R
WE ATHER DATA - 2015*
Temperature
• Normal daily maximum temperatures: January 62.9° F;
April 79.6° F; July 93.7° F; October 82.0° F
Average
High
Temperature
(˚F)
Average Low
Temperature
(˚F)
Total
Precipitation
(inches)
• Normal daily minimum temperatures: January 43.2° F;
April 59.4° F; July 75.1° F; October 60.9° F
January
59.3
40.4
3.17
• Record extremes: 109˚F on August 27, 2011 and
September 4. 2000; 5˚F on January 18, 1930.
February
63.4
41.7
0.66
March
72
52.9
6.34
• The Houston MSA lies in a zone with 260-275 frost-free
days per year.
April
80.6
64.3
6.1
May
84.9
69
14.17
Precipitation
June
90.8
73.6
11.39
• Annual average precipitation: 49.77 inches.
July
95.6
76.5
0.61
• Thunderstorms occur, on average, 65.1 days per year.
August
95.7
74.4
2.94
• Record monthly rainfall: 19.21 inches in June 2001.
September
89.4
70.5
2.59
• Highest daily total: 10.34 inches fell on June 26, 1989.
October
84.7
61.9
13.05
• Houston has had 15 measurable snowfalls since 1939.
November
72.5
53.8
3.8
December
69.1
49.6
5.21
Year
79.8
60.7
70.03
• Record monthly snowfall: 2.8 inches in February 1973.
• Record daily snowfall: 2.0 inches in January 1973.
• Annual average relative humidity: 86 percent at
midnight; 90 percent at 6:00 a.m.; 60 percent at noon;
65 percent at 6:00 p.m.
*As recorded at George Bush Intercontinental Airport’s weather station.
Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Sunshine
• Houston averages 59 percent of possible sunshine
annually, ranging from 45 percent in January to 70
percent in July.
• Related annual averages:
• “Clear” on 90.3 days, concentrated in October and
November.
• “Partly cloudy” on 114.5 days, typical of June through
September.
• “Cloudy” on 160.3 days, common in December
through May.
• Fog limiting visibility to a quarter of a mile or less
occurs on average 26.3 days per year.
Wind
• Prevailing wind in Houston is south-southeasterly at a
mean speed of 7.5 miles per hour.
35
LO D G I N G
The Houston MSA in Spring 2016, according to PKF
Consulting, had:
• In the third quarter of 2015, 7,129 rooms were under
construction.
• 810 major hotels and motels, totaling 78,064 rooms.
• Eight hotels are scheduled to open in Houston’s Central
Business District before the Super Bowl in 2017.
• Room occupancy averaged 72.0 percent with an
average room rate of $106.94.
DINING
Houston restaurants feature outstanding regional
and traditional American dishes, as well as diverse
international cuisine.
• In 2012 (the most recent economic census data
available), the Houston MSA food services and drinking
establishments had sales totaling $11,179,647,000.
• In the third quarter of 2015, the Houston MSA was home
to 10,286 food services and drinking establishments
and employed more than 245,000. These
establishments included: 4,099 full-service restaurants;
3,883 limited-service eating places; and 629 drinking
establishments.
• In 2016, Yelp.com listed Houston restaurants as having
more than 70 national categories: 600 vegan-friendly
restaurants, more than 150 farm-to-table restaurants
and more than 700 food trucks in Houston.
RECURRING EVENTS AND FESTIVAL S
January
February
March
Black Heritage Society’s Annual “Original”
MLK Birthday Parade
Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo™
Azalea Trail
Mardi Gras! Galveston
Bayou City Art Festival Memorial
Chevron Houston Marathon
Buffalo Bayou Regatta
Martin Luther King Jr. Grande Parade
Houston’s Children’s Festival
PGA’s Houston Open
South West International Boat Show
April
May
June
BP MS 150
Cinco de Mayo Parade and Celebration
Houston Barbecue Festival
Dragon Boat Festival
Caribbean-American Heritage Month
Festival Houston
Japan Festival
Pasadena Strawberry Festival
Art Car Parade
Polish Heritage Festival
WorldFest: Houston International
Film Festival
Juneteenth Freedom Festival
Pride Houston
Carnival Houston Show and Parade
July
August
September
Freedom Over Texas Festival
Houston Black Heritage Music and
Arts Festival
Fiestas Patrias Houston
Star-Spangled Salute
Fine Arts Fair
Houston International Jazz Festival
Houston Shakespeare Festival
October
November
December
Bayou City Art Festival Downtown
Day of the Dead
Candlelight Tour in the Park
Festa Italiana
Interfaith Thanksgiving Service at
Rothko Chapel
Dickens on the Strand
Texas Championship Native
American Pow Wow
The Mayor’s Official Downtown Houston
Holiday Celebration
International Quilt Festival
Texas Renaissance Festival
The Original Greek Festival
Turkish Festival
Wings Over Houston Airshow
White Linen Nights in the Heights
The Nutcracker Market Uptown Houston
Houston Zoo Lights
Source: O’Connor & Associates, June 2014
36
Free Press Summer Fest
Fiesta Guadalupana
C O N V E N T I O N A N D S P O R T S FA C I L I T I E S
George R. Brown (GRB) Convention Center, opened in
1987 and expanded in 2003, offers 1.2 million square feet
of exhibition, registration and meeting space; seven exhibit
halls; retractable seating for 6,500; a 31,500 square foot
grand ballroom; and a 3,600-seat tiered amphitheater.
Adjacent to the GRB is the 12-acre Discovery Green park
and the 1,200-room Hilton Americas hotel.
In April 2013, the City of Houston finalized an agreement
to construct a second convention hotel that will be a
1,000-room Marriott Marquis with completion targeted for
fall 2016.
Avenida de las Americas, which runs across the front of
the GRB, will be narrowed to allow outdoor plaza space
that connects people in the GRB to Discovery Green park
across the street. Also, a grand entryway will be added to
the center of the GRB, completion targeted for fall 2016.
NRG Park, which occupies 350 acres and offers 26,000
parking spaces, is among the most versatile meeting
complexes in the United States. NRG Park includes the
following venues:
NRG Stadium, a $453 million, 72,220-seat football
stadium with a retractable roof, opened in 2002. It is
home to the NFL’s Houston Texans and the Houston
Livestock Show and Rodeo™.
NRG Center, a $150 million convention center, opened
in 2002. It has 1.4 million square feet, which includes
706,213 square feet of contiguous exposition space and
59 meeting rooms.
NRG Arena has 350,000 square feet of exhibit space,
an 8,000-seat arena and a 2,000-seat pavilion.
Toyota Center, a $235 million sports arena/ entertainment
center located downtown, seats 18,300 for basketball and
as many as 19,000 for concerts. Opened in 2003, it has
covered parking for 2,500 vehicles.
Minute Maid Park, the Houston Astros’ retractable-roof
downtown baseball stadium with seating for 40,963,
opened in 2000.
BBVA Compass Stadium, the state-of-the-art, open-air
stadium designed to host Houston Dynamo matches, as
well as additional sporting and concert events, opened
in May 2012. The 22,000-seat stadium is the first soccerspecific stadium in Major League Soccer located in a city’s
downtown district.
Constellation Field, opened in 2012, is located in Sugar
Land, Texas. The stadium hosts sporting events as well as
concerts. It has a capacity of 7,500 spectators for baseball
games and 10,000 for concerts.
TEDCU Stadium, opened in August 2014, is located on
the campus of the University of Houston in the Third Ward.
It cost $120 million to build. The stadium features 40,000
seats, including 5,000 in club and suite areas. Sun and
shade studies were also conducted to improve the best
level of comfort for Houston fans and minimize the impact
to student-athletes.
Rice Stadium, opened in 1950, is located in the historic
museum district. Home to the Rice University football
team, the stadium seats up to 70,000 fans. It is the location
where President John F. Kennedy made his famous
challenge to America to place a man on the moon.
PROFESSIONAL TEAMS IN THE HOUSTON MSA
Houston Dash National Women’s Soccer League
BBVA Compass Stadium
Houston Energy Independent Women’s Football League
Houston Astros
Houston Texans
Major League Baseball’s
American League
Minute Maid Park
American Football Conference in
the National Football League
NRG Stadium
Pearland High South
Houston Roller Derby Women’s Flat Track Derby Association
Revention Music Center
Sugar Land Skeeters Atlantic League of Professional Baseball
Constellation Field
Texas City Rangers American Basketball Association
La Marque High School
Houston Rockets
Houston Dynamo
Western Conference in the
National Basketball Association
Toyota Center
Major League Soccer’s
Eastern Conference
BBVA Compass Stadium
Scrap Yard Dawgs National Pro Fastpitch
Scrap Yard Sports Complex
Woodlands Wildcats Independent Women’s Football League
Woodforest Bank Stadium
37
MA JOR EVENTS AND CONVENTIONS
• With more than 4.44 million square feet of convention
space, metropolitan Houston ranks at the top of
American cities when comparing convention venues.
• According to the Greater Houston Convention & Visitors
Bureau, in 2015, Houston hosted 313 conventions,
events and shows that drew 599,930 attendees to
Houston, translating into an economic impact of $250
million, based on attendance.
• Houston has served as host to the following major
conventions and events: 2002 World Space Congress;
2008 Latin Grammy Awards ceremony; 2013 American
Association for Clinical Chemistry; the 2013 National
Rifle Association; and the 2016 NCAA Final Four
Basketball Tournament. In 2017, Houston will host
its second Super Bowl (Super Bowl LI). Houston first
hosted Super Bowl XXXVIII in 2004.
GOLF
• In 2016, PGA.com lists 104 golf courses within a 50-mile
radius of downtown Houston.
• The City of Houston Parks and Recreation Department
maintains seven municipal golf courses (18-hole) and
one junior golf course (9-hole).
• The Houston area has three Top Golf locations.
• There are 44 disc golf courses in the Houston Metro,
according to the Professional Disc Golf Association.
R ACING
38
• Alkek Velodrome – concrete bicycle racing track, one
of 29 velodromes in the United States.
• Houston Motorsports Park – NASCAR speedway and
National Hot Rod Association drag strip.
• Galveston Bay Cruising Association – an all volunteer
non-profit sailboat racing club.
• Royal Purple Raceway – drag strip complex.
• Sam Houston Race Park – Thoroughbred and American
Quarter horse racing.
BIKING AND HIKING
Biking options are found throughout the region and include
paved and unpaved paths, mountain bike trails, and
shared-road lanes.
• The City of Houston also offers more than 128 miles of
hike and bike trails that loop within its parks or are linear
and run along bayous and outside park boundaries.
• The City of Houston offers a more than 300-mile
interconnected bikeway network spread over 500
square miles. The network includes bike lanes, bike
routes, signed-shared lanes and shared-use paths.
• Harris County offers 45 hike and bike trails totaling
228.8 miles.
A R T S A N D C U LT U R E
Performance Arts
Houston is one of the few U.S. cities with resident
companies in drama, ballet, opera and orchestra. More than
500 institutions are devoted to the performing and visual
arts, science and history in the Houston area. Houston’s
nonprofit arts and culture industry is on the rise, with annual
expenditures of $579 million, according to a 2014 report by
the Center for Houston’s Future. Arts and culture industry
expenditures in Houston grew twice as fast as the area’s
population from 2000 to 2010. The sector employs more
than 16,000, according to a study by the Houston Arts
Alliance and Americans for the Arts. Of Houston’s 16.2
million arts and culture patrons in 2011, 2.2 million came
from outside the Houston region.
Venues
Theater District
Houston’s Theater District, located in downtown Houston,
features nine renowned performing arts organizations, and
many smaller ones, in four venues – Jones Hall, Wortham
Theater Center, Alley Theatre and Hobby Center for the
Performing Arts. Houston Ballet’s Center of Dance is also
located in the heart of the Theater District.
Alley Theatre, home to Houston’s leading repertory
company, offers two stages – the 774-seat Hubbard
Stage and the 310-seat Neuhaus Stage. A wide-ranging
repertoire of 11 productions is presented each season.
Hobby Center for the Performing Arts, opened in 2002,
is home to Theatre Under the Stars (TUTS), Broadway
Across America, the Humphreys School of Musical Theatre
and Uniquely Houston. Its two stages have seating for
2,650 and 500.
Jesse H. Jones Hall for the Performing Arts, opened in
1966, is home to the Houston Symphony and the Society
for the Performing Arts. It seats 2,912.
Wortham Theater Center, built entirely with private funds
and opened in 1987, is home to the opera and ballet
companies. Its two halls seat 2,405 and 1,100.
Houston Ballet’s Center for Dance, opened in April 2011,
is a 115,000-square-foot, $47 million, six-story structure.
The structure is the largest professional dance company
facility of its kind constructed in the U.S.
39
Miller Outdoor Theatre in Hermann Park offers free
performances by Houston’s performing arts organizations.
The city-owned theatre is located on approximately 7.5
acres of land in Hermann Park, site of the Houston Zoo and
the Garden Center. Seating is provided for 1,700 patrons
under the covered pavilion. A sloping lawn accommodates
approximately 4,500 more on blankets or lawn chairs.
Cynthia Woods Mitchell Pavilion, located in The
Woodlands, offers outdoor performance space and
accommodates 16,267. Established in 1990, it presents
an eclectic range of programs featuring nationally and
internationally recognized artists.
The Grand 1894 Opera House, listed in the National
Register of Historic Places, presents more than 25
productions annually. The Romanesque Revival style
theater is located in Galveston and has seating for 1,000.
Stafford Centre, located in Stafford, Texas, includes a
performing arts theater with seating for 1,154 and more
than 24 acres of outdoor festival green space.
Berry Center, located in Cypress, Texas, is five facilities
in one. It includes an 11,000-seat athletic stadium, a
conference center, an 8,300-seat arena and a 456seat theater.
40
Revention Music Center, formerly known as the Bayou
Music Center, seats 2,800 inside the 130,000-square-foot
Bayou Place entertainment complex in downtown Houston.
Music
Houston Symphony, founded in 1913, has an annual
budget of more than $30.7 million and maintains an
internationally acclaimed orchestra of nearly 90 full-time
musicians. Some 300,000 attend its season of more than
280 classical, pops, educational and family concerts.
The symphony’s free summer concerts at Miller Outdoor
Theatre have been a tradition since 1940. The symphony’s
long tradition of touring in recent years has included
Europe, Japan, Singapore and many U.S. cities. The
symphony devotes approximately $1 million per year to
educational outreach programs, most of which are offered
for free or at a nominal cost.
Houston Grand Opera performs October through May
each year at the Wortham Theater Center downtown.
Founded in 1955, the company is known worldwide and
enjoys a reputation for commissioning and presenting new
works by important contemporary composers, including 50
world premieres. Its tours have included the U.S., Japan,
Italy, Egypt, Scotland and France. Houston Grand Opera
is the only opera company to have won a Tony Award,
two Grammy Awards and two Emmy Awards. In 2014, the
Houston Grand Opera fund raised $12.9 million to help
support the company’s operations and endowment.
Dance
Houston Ballet, founded in 1955 and established as a
professional company in 1969, is the nation’s fifth largest
ballet company, with annual operating expenses of more
than $27 million and 55 dancers, many of whom have won
medals at major international competitions. Houston Ballet
has toured to critical praise in Europe, Canada, Asia and
cities throughout the U.S. The company presents more
than 75 performances during its eight-month season.
Main Street Theater (MST) enjoys growing critical acclaim
for dramatic and musical productions. Throughout its 35year history, its MainStage program has presented over
30 world premieres. MST’s Youth Theater produces plays
directed to young audiences. Its Kids On Stage classes
emphasize theatrical traditions from cultures worldwide.
Ensemble Theatre, located in midtown Houston and
established in 1976, is the only professional theater in the
Southwest devoted to the African-American experience.
This theatre offers two stages and a full season of
productions.
Stages Repertory Theatre offers southwestern and world
premieres, experimental productions of classic works and
revivals of American masterpieces.
Midtown Arts & Theater Center Houston (MATCH), with
its first performances taking place in October 2015, was
designed to fill a void in the Houston arts community. By
developing an accessible, centralized hub of creativity,
MATCH brings together an array of artists and art lovers
from across the region’s diverse cultural, economic
and geographic communities. The center contains an
art gallery and four theaters varying in size from 70 to
350 seats.
Museums
Houston Museum District
The Houston Museum District is one of the country’s
most visited and diverse cultural centers with 19 member
organizations within close proximity. These museums provide
rich experiences in art, history, culture, nature and science.
Asia Society Texas Center – opened in 2012, this facility
houses an art gallery along with a theater.
1370 Southmore Blvd.
Buffalo Soldiers National Museum – founded in 2000, the
museum is dedicated primarily to preserving the legacy
and honor of the African-American soldiers that served on
behalf of the United States of America.
3816 Caroline St.
Theater
Alley Acting Company was founded in 1947 and is one
of the few American theater companies that support a
company of actors, designers, artisans and craftspeople
throughout the year. The company has toured U.S.
cities and abroad. The Alley is also home to educational
programs for students and teachers, including the Young
Performers Studio, From Stage to Page, HYPE (Houston
Young Playwrights Exchange) and Playwright 360°.
Theatre Under the Stars (TUTS) offers lavish musical
theater productions, both new works and revivals, in a
winter subscription season and in popular free summer
productions at Hermann Park’s Miller Outdoor Theatre. It
also operates the Humphreys School of Musical Theatre.
Children’s Museum of Houston – founded in 1980,
the museum, which receives more than 850,000 visits
annually, has hands-on galleries and offers a multitude of
exhibits and programs for children through age 12.
1500 Binz
Contemporary Arts Museum Houston – founded in
1948, is a non-collecting museum presenting regional,
national and international art of the past 40 years through
exhibitions accompanied by publications and educational
programming.
5216 Montrose
Czech Center Museum Houston – established in 1995,
created to celebrate, share and promote the rich culture of
a major Slavic ethnic group and their history.
4920 San Jacinto
41
Holocaust Museum Houston – opened in 1996, educates
the public about the dangers of prejudice and hatred in
society and exhibits information about the Holocaust.
5401 Caroline
Houston Center for Contemporary Craft – a nonprofit arts
organization dedicated to advancing education about the
process, product and history of craft.
4848 Main
Houston Center for Photography – founded in 1981,
brings together a community of people interested in
photography and lens-based work. The center is home
to an on-site library housing more than 3,000 books on
photography.
1441 W. Alabama
Houston Museum of Natural Science – established in
1909, the museum includes four floors of permanent
exhibit halls; the Wortham IMAX® 3D Theatre; Cockrell
Butterfly Center; Burke Baker Planetarium; the George
Observatory in Fort Bend County; a satellite facility in
Sugar Land; and world-class touring exhibitions.
5555 Hermann Park Dr.
Houston Zoo, Inc. – seeks to provide a fun and
inspirational experience fostering appreciation, knowledge
and care for the natural world. Currently there are over
6,000 animals attracting over 2 million guests each year.
6200 Hermann Park Dr.
Health Museum – founded in 1996, this museum is a
member institution of the world-renowned Texas Medical
Center. The museum currently serves more than 180,000
visitors annually.
1515 Hermann Dr.
Jung Center of Houston – founded in 1958 in honor of
Carl Gustav Jung, the revolutionary psychologist. The
42
center displays new exhibits each month. Much of the
featured artwork is generated by local and regional artists.
5200 Montrose Blvd.
Lawndale Art Center – founded in 1979, the center is one
of the only institutions in Houston that is dedicated to the
presentation of contemporary art with an emphasis on
work by regional artists.
4912 Main
Menil Collection – opened in 1987, features a highly
acclaimed collection of some 17,000 works of art
concentrated in four areas: antiquities; Byzantine and
medieval treasures; worldwide tribal art; and paintings and
sculpture. The museum includes the Cy Twombly Gallery
(1501 Branard) and Richmond Hall (1500 Richmond).
1515 Sul Ross
Museum of African American Culture – exhibits the
material and intellectual culture of Africans and AfricanAmericans in Houston, the state of Texas, the Southwest
and the African Diaspora.
4807 Caroline
Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (MFAH) – the first art
museum in Texas, opened in 1924. Today, it houses nearly
65,000 works from antiquity to the present and ranks as
the largest art museum in the Southwest. MFAH includes:
The Caroline Wiess Law Building; Cullinan Hall; Brown
Pavilion; and the Audrey Jones Beck Building. Other MFAH
facilities include: Glassell School of Art; the Lillie and Hugh
Roy Cullen Sculpture Garden; Blaffer Memorial Wing;
Rienzi; Central Administration; Junior School Building; and
Bayou Bend. The museum began construction of a new
master planned campus transformation in summer 2015.
1001 Bissonnet
Rice University Art Gallery – the only university art
museum in the nation dedicated to site-specific installation
art, presents temporary, large-scale environments that
visitors can enter and explore.
6100 Main Street
Rothko Chapel – founded in 1971, it is an intimate
sanctuary welcoming over 80,000 visitors each year.
3900 Yupon
Alliance Gallery – managed by the Houston Arts Alliance,
showcases recent work by contemporary Houston artists.
3201 Allen Parkway
Blaffer Art Museum, University of Houston – furthers the
understanding of contemporary art.
4800 Calhoun Rd.
Bryan Museum –opened in 2013, this facility is home
to the world’s largest collection of historical artifacts,
documents and artwork relating to the Southwestern U.S.
1315 21st St. Galveston, TX
Harris County Heritage Society – restored and furnished
10 early Houston homes and a church that are on display
in Sam Houston Park. Its Museum of Houston Heritage
chronicles Texas history since 1519.
1100 Bagby
O’Kane Gallery, University of Houston–Downtown – is a
conduit for the visual arts and contemporary culture.
One Main St.
Orange Show Center for Visionary Art – a nonprofit
organization that was founded in 1980 to promote the
legacy of folk art and traditional visual artists.
2402 Munger
San Jacinto Monument and Museum of History – located
at San Jacinto Battleground State Historic Site, features a
wealth of artifacts and documents covering four centuries
of Texas history. This 1,200-acre site is also a National
Historic Landmark and consists of the San Jacinto
battleground, monument with observation floor, museum
of history and Battleship Texas.
Space Center Houston – the $75 million, Disneydesigned visitors’ center for Johnson Space Center,
opened in 1992 and attracts more than 800,000 visitors
per year. It features an IMAX theater, Kids Space Place, live
demonstrations, Apollo, Mercury and Gemini capsules, a
space suit collection, and the world’s largest collection of
moon rocks.
University Museum at Texas Southern University
– presents art created by African and AfricanAmerican artists.
3100 Cleburne Ave.
PA R K S
Parks within the city limits of Houston
Houston contains 52,912 acres of parkland, managed by
five different entities, according to The Trust for Public
Land’s 2016 City Park Facts.
• Parks represent 14.3 percent of the city’s adjusted land
area, which subtracts airport and railyard acreage from
the total city land area.
• There are 23.6 acres of total parkland per 1,000
residents — well above the median of 13.7 acres per
1,000 residents for cities of similar density monitored by
The Trust for Public Land.
• Of the 40 largest parks located within U.S. cities, the
city of Houston contains three: #7 – Cullen Park with
9,270 acres; #10 – George Bush Park with 8,043 acres;
and #34 – Bear Creek Pioneers Park with 3,067 acres
inside the city limits.
• Houston ranks first in total park acreage among U.S.
cities with more than 1 million residents.
• George Bush Park is the largest county-maintained park
in the U.S.
43
City of Houston parks
Houston Parks and Recreation Department (HPARD)
oversees 370 developed municipal parks and more
than 220 green spaces, which together encompass
approximately 37,851 acres.
• HPARD owns and operates 60 community centers
across the city, along with the Metropolitan MultiService Center.
• Amenities in City of Houston parks include:
• 225 Playgrounds
• 6 Skate parks
• 90 Soccer Fields
• 3 Tennis Centers
• 206 Tennis Courts
• 28 Tennis Backstops
• 10 Urban Garden Sites
• 17 Volleyball Courts
• 158 Baseball & Softball Fields
• 23 Water Spraygrounds
• 75 Baseball Practice Backstops
• 13 Weight Rooms
• 4 Disc Golf Courses
• 8 Dog Parks
• 5 Fitness Centers
• 15 Football/Rugby/Cricket/Lacrosse Fields
• 7 Golf Courses (18-hole)
• 1 Golf Course Junior (nine–hole)
• 23 Gyms
• 143 Miles of Trails
• 4 Nature Centers
• 38 Pools
Major City of Houston parks:
• Buffalo Bayou Park (156 acres)
• Cullen Park (9,270 acres)
• Cullinan/Oyster Creek Park (44 acres)
• Eisenhower Park (682 acres)
• Herman Brown Park (717 acres)
• Hermann Park (445 acres)
• Keith-Wiess Park (499 acres)
• Lake Houston Wilderness Park (4,786 acres)
• Law Park (313 acres)
• MacGregor Park (82 acres)
• Memorial Park (1,458 acres)
• Metropolitan Multi-Service Center provides access
to year-round activities for children and adults with
disabilities.
Major downtown parks:
• Allen’s Landing Memorial Park, located on the banks of
Buffalo Bayou.
• Discovery Green, a 12-acre park adjoining the George
R. Brown Convention Center, opened in 2008.
• Eleanor Tinsley Park, a 124-acre linear park along
Buffalo Bayou immediately west of downtown.
• Market Square, bounded by Preston, Milam, Travis,
and Congress streets, donated to the city in 1854 by
Augustus Allen.
• Martha Hermann Square Park, located at the front
steps of City Hall.
• Sam Houston Park, the city’s first park, acquired in
1899. The park’s 19.7 acres contain nine restored
historic buildings.
• Sesquicentennial Park, a 22.5-acre urban oasis in the
heart of Houston’s downtown theater district.
• Tranquility Park, between Walker and Rusk Streets,
officially dedicated on the 10th anniversary of the first
lunar landing.
44
Harris County parks
The Harris County Park System consists of four separate
parks departments that maintain a total of 179 parks,
totaling 25,126 acres.
Major Harris County parks:
• Alexander Deussen Park (309 acres)
• Gene Green Beltway 8 Park (230 acres)
• Armand Bayou Nature Center (2,500 acres)
• George Bush Park (7,800 acres)
• Arthur Storey Park (175 acres)
• Jesse H. Jones Park & Nature Center (300 acres)
• Bear Creek Pioneers Park (2,153 acres)
• Mercer Arboretum & Botanic Gardens (300 acres)
• Challenger Seven Memorial Park (326 acres)
• Roy Campbell Burroughs Park (320 acres)
• Congressman Bill Archer Park (926 acres)
• Terry Hershey Park (500 acres)
• Cypress Creek Park (2,700 acres)
• Tom Bass Regional Park (more than 300 acres)
State parks
• Brazos Bend State Park (5,000 acres) – located
approximately 28 miles southwest of Houston in Fort
Bend County.
• Galveston Island State Park (2,013 acres) – located
southeast of Houston in Galveston County.
• San Jacinto Battleground State Historical Park (1,200
acres) – located 20 miles east of downtown Houston.
• Sheldon Lake State Park & Environmental Learning
Center (2,800 acres) – located 17 miles northeast of
downtown Houston.
• Stephen F. Austin State Park (663.3 acres) – located in
Austin County.
Forests
• Sam Houston National Forest, located 50 miles
north of Houston, is the largest of the four national
forests in Texas. The forest contains 163,037 acres in
Montgomery, San Jacinto and Walker counties.
• W. G. Jones State Forest, a largely native loblolly pine
forest covering 1,725 acres, is located 40 miles north
of Houston near Conroe in Montgomery County. The
forest is named after W. Goodrich Jones, the founder
of the Texas Forestry Association. It is owned and
administered by the Texas A&M Forest Service.
Wildlife Refuges
• Houston Audubon, one of the largest chapters of the
National Audubon Society, is headquartered at the
Edith L. Moore Nature Sanctuary in West Houston.
Bolivar Flats and High Island are prominent among its
several other sanctuary locations.
• Texas National Wildlife Refuges in the Houston MSA
include the Anahuac and Moody National Wildlife
Refuges in Chambers County; the Brazoria, San Bernard
and Big Boggy National Wildlife Refuges in Brazoria
County; and the 23,000-acre Trinity River National
Wildlife Refuge in Liberty County.
• Houston, situated on two of the four major North
American bird and butterfly flyways, offers a bounty
of avian species. The Houston Audubon Society
has counted more than 400 species of birds in the
Houston region.
Houston Zoo
• In 2015, the Houston Zoo received a record 2.46 million
visitors, ranking among the most-visited zoos in the U.S.
• Occupying 55 acres in Hermann Park, the zoo is home
to more than 6,000 exotic animals, representing more
than 900 species.
• The Houston Zoo was founded in 1922 and is accredited
by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA).
• Since 2002, the nonprofit corporation, Houston Zoo,
Inc., has operated the zoo and invested more than $100
million in an extensive renewal and upgrading of its
facilities.
45
H I S TO RY
1830s
1836 —
On April 21, General Sam Houston’s
army wins Texas’ independence from
Mexico in the Battle of San Jacinto.
1836 —
Houston is founded on Aug. 30 by
brothers Augustus C. and John K.
Allen, who pay just over $1.40 per acre
for 6,642 acres near the headwaters of
Buffalo Bayou.
1836 —
Allen Brothers call on Gail Borden
(publisher, surveyor, originator of
condensed milk) and Thomas H.
Borden to survey the site. Gail Borden
lays out the town’s streets 80’ wide,
with the principal east-west street
(Texas Ave.) 100’ wide.
1837 —
General Sam Houston, first president
of the Republic of Texas, signs an act
authorizing Houston to incorporate.
Houston is capital of the Republic from
1837-1839.
1837 —
The Laura is the first steamship to visit
Houston.
1838 —
A bucket brigade, Protection Fire
Company No. 1, is formed to fight fires.
1840s
1840 —
1841 —
1842 —
1846 —
On April 4, seven Houston
businessmen form the Houston
Chamber of Commerce.
Texas becomes the 28th state.
First census after Texas joins the U.S.
counts 2,396 Houstonians. Galveston,
with 4,117 residents, is the state’s
largest city.
1898 — Galveston Country Club opens with
Texas’ first recorded professionallydesigned golf course.
1866 —
Houston’s first bank, First National
Bank, is founded.
1899 —
1867 —
Houston Stonewalls defeat Galveston
Robert E. Lees 35-2 in first recorded
baseball game in Houston.
First Houston city park opens. (This
site, now Sam Houston Park, contains
several of Houston’s earliest buildings.)
1868 —
Houston’s first trolley cars (mule-drawn)
appear.
1868 —
Houston’s first gaslights are installed.
1870 —
1870 —
Texas readmitted to the Union.
Census shows Houston’s population up
to 9,332. Harris County’s has reached
17,375, ranking it second in the state.
1901 — Houston Left Hand Fishing Club
purchases the city’s first automobile
from Olds Motor Works of Detroit.
1901 — Oil discovered at Spindletop.
Spindletop, and later discoveries at
Humble in 1905 and Goose Creek
in 1906, put Houston in the center
of new oil and oilfield equipment
development.
Congress appropriates $1 million for
work on the Houston Ship Channel.
1872 —
Congress makes its first appropriation
— $10,000 — for ship channel
improvements.
1902 — 1874 —
Houston Board of Trade and Cotton
Exchange are organized.
1905 — 1908 — 1875 —
First grain elevator is built on the
Houston Ship Channel.
1877 —
Houston’s first free public schools are
established.
1880s
1880 — Houston’s first telephone exchange is
created.
1882 — Houston Electric Light Co. is organized.
Houston and New York are the first
cities to build electric power plants.
1882 — 1887 — Houston gets its first arc light.
Sisters of Charity open Houston’s first
general hospital.
Texas Legislature appropriates $4,000
for Buffalo Bayou improvements.
1891 — 1859 —
Houston is first Texas city with electric
streetcars.
Three competing firefighting
companies combine into the Houston
Volunteer Fire Department.
1895 — Houston Business League is founded
(became Houston Chamber of
Commerce in 1910).
1895 — Houston Fire Department replaces
Houston Volunteer Fire Department.
1897 —
Automobile first appears in Houston as
an advertising gimmick.
1897 —
Houston’s first asphalt street paving is
laid on Franklin St.
A Category 4 hurricane strikes
Galveston, claiming more than 6,000
lives and causing property damage
exceeding $30 million ($861 million in
2015 dollars).
Congress designates Houston a port;
first survey of Houston’s proposed ship
channel is conducted.
1853 —
City provides “land and good
buildings” for a smallpox/yellow fever
hospital.
1900 — 1870 —
Houston’s first railroad — the Buffalo
Bayou, Brazos & Colorado Railroad —
begins operations.
1861 —
1900s
1870s
1853 —
1860s
46
Houston and Harris County vote to
secede from the Union. During the
Civil War, the closest fighting is at
Galveston.
Houston Police Department is formed.
Texas’ oldest newspaper, The
Galveston County Daily News, is first
published.
1850s
1850 —
1861 —
Houston has 80 automobiles.
Houston City Council sets speed limit
of 8 mph.
1909 — Houston Museum and Scientific
Society, Inc., predecessor of the
Houston Museum of Natural Science, is
organized.
1909 — Houston police begin using
motorcycles to enforce speed limits.
1909 — Houston Country Club opens with
Houston’s first professionally-designed
18-hole golf course.
1910s
1910 — Congress accepts, from a group of
Houston businessmen headed by
the Houston Chamber of Commerce,
a novel plan to split ship channel
development costs between Houston
and the federal government.
1912 — Rice Institute (now Rice University)
begins classes.
1913 — 1914 — Houston Symphony is established.
1914 — The 25 foot-deep Houston Ship
Channel is completed and formally
dedicated.
1915 — First deepwater vessel, the S.S. Satilla,
calls at Houston.
1890s
George Hermann donates 285 acres
to the city for a public park near Rice
Institute.
1920s
1920s-1930s — Oil refineries proliferate along
1948 —
Port of Houston ranks second
nationally in total tonnage.
1949 —
KLEE-TV broadcasts first Houston
commercial TV program.
the Ship Channel, taking advantage of
inexpensive waterborne shipping.
1990s
1990 —
Houston economic recovery complete;
April job count above March 1982 level.
1990 —
Houston hosts 16th annual Economic
Summit of Industrialized Nations.
1921 —
Houston adopts ordinance dedicating
tax monies to its library system.
1923 — Second National Bank becomes
Houston’s first air-conditioned building.
1953 —
1991 —
Houston City Council mandates first
zoning regulations.
1924 — KUHT-TV, the nation’s first public
broadcast TV station, goes on the air.
Houston Museum of Fine Arts, the first
fine arts museum in Texas, opens.
1955 — 1992 —
Republican National Convention held
in Houston.
1926 — 1927 — Houston Grand Opera Association and
Houston Ballet founded.
Natural gas first piped into Houston.
1955 —
1994 — Houston metro area population
reaches 1,000,000.
The Houston Rockets win the NBA
Championship, bringing Houston its
first national sports title.
1997 —
Former Police Chief Lee Brown elected
as Houston’s first black mayor.
Houston Colored Junior College,
the forerunner of Texas Southern
University, is established.
1927 —
Houston Junior College (now the
University of Houston) is established.
1928 —
National Democratic Convention is
held in Houston.
1928 —
Municipal airport opened; air mail
service to Houston begins.
1929 —
City Planning Commission
recommends that Houston adopt
a zoning ordinance but finds scant
support.
1930s
1950s
1960s
1962 —
NASA’s Manned Spacecraft Center
moves to Houston.
1962 —
Houston voters reject proposed zoning
ordinance.
1965 —
1969 —
First event held in the Astrodome.
2000 —
Census finds Houston MSA has no
racial or ethnic majority.
2000 —
Minute Maid Park replaces the
Astrodome as new home of Major
League Baseball’s Houston Astros.
2001 —
Tropical Storm Allison inundates
Houston June 5-9, claiming 22 lives
and inflicting $4.9 billion in property
damage, with storm precipitation as
high as 35.67 inches.
2002 —
NRG Stadium, home of the National
Football League’s Houston Texans,
opens.
Shell Oil Co. relocates corporate
headquarters to Houston. More than
200 major firms move headquarters,
subsidiaries and divisions here in the
1970s.
2002 — Hobby Center for the Performing Arts
opens.
2003 —
1973 —
Arab oil embargo quadruples oil prices
in 90 days, fueling Houston’s 1973-1981
economic boom.
Toyota Center, home of the National
Basketball Association’s Houston
Rockets, opens
2004 —
Houston’s first modern light rail line —
7.5-miles long — begins operations.
1978 —
Voters approve and fund Metropolitan
Transit Authority.
2004 —
2005 —
Houston hosts NFL Super Bowl XXXVIII
2008 —
Hurricane Ike makes landfall Sept.
13 at Galveston as a Category 2
storm, claiming at least 70 lives and
causing some $27 billion in property
damage along the Texas Gulf Coast,
ranking it third most costly among U.S.
hurricanes.
1969 —
Census ranks Houston as state’s most
populous city at 292,352.
1932 —
First Houston Fat Stock Show & Rodeo
(now Houston Livestock Show and
Rodeo™) held.
1934 —
Intracoastal Canal links Houston to
Mississippi River navigation system.
1935 —
Braniff International inaugurates first
scheduled air passenger service to
Houston.
1970 —
1971 —
1940s
1940s — Petrochemical complex develops,
taking feedstocks from nearby
refineries.
1941 —
1943 —
1946 —
1947 —
Houston Intercontinental Airport
begins operations.
Houstonian Neil Armstrong becomes
the first man to step foot on the moon.
1970s
1930 —
The Galleria opens.
1980s
1982 —
New master plan for Houston
thoroughfares emphasizes a loop
system.
Employment peaks at 1,583,400 in
March before onset of recession.
1983 —
155 office buildings completed in 12
months.
Texas Medical Center is founded.
1983 —
Houston Golf Assn. hosts its first PGA
Tour event — now the Shell Houston
Open, 10th oldest event on the PGA
schedule.
Voters approve creation of Harris
County Toll Road Authority.
1987 —
Trough of recession in January; net
recession loss of 221,900 jobs.
1987 —
Wortham Center, home to Houston
Ballet and Houston Grand Opera,
and the George R. Brown Convention
Center opens.
1989 —
Houston Chamber of Commerce,
Houston Economic Development
Council and Houston World Trade
Association combine to form Greater
Houston Partnership.
Houston College for Negroes acquired
by Texas Legislature; established as
Texas State University for Negroes
(now Texas Southern University).
1947 —
1947 —
Alley Theatre established.
1948 —
Houston voters reject proposed zoning
ordinance.
1948 —
Dec. 31 annexation expands Houston’s
area from 74.4 to 216 square-miles.
Engineering begins on the Gulf
Freeway, Texas’ first freeway.
2000s
More than 100,000 evacuees flee to
Houston from southern Louisiana in the
wake of Hurricane Katrina.
2010s
2011 —
By November, Houston returns to 2008
pre-recession employment levels; first
major metro to do so.
2012 —
BBVA Compass Stadium, home of
Major League Soccer’s Houston
Dynamo, opens.
2015 —
Ellington Airport receives a commercial
spaceport license from the Federal
Aviation Administration.
47
www.houston.org
1200 Smith, Suite 700 | Houston, TX 77002
Address as of September 2016: 701 Avenida de las Americas, Suite 900 | Houston, TX 77010
Austin | Brazoria | Chambers | Fort Bend | Galveston | Harris | Liberty | Montgomery | San Jacinto | Walker | Waller

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