- Virginia Tech

Low-Maintenance Turfgrass Evaluation
Cool-Season and Warm-Season Trials
2008 Progress Report
Kevin L. Hensler, research associate, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech
J. Michael Goatley, Extension turfgrass specialist, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech
2009
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
2901-1080
Virginia Cooperative Extension programs and employment are open to all, regardless of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status.
An equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia State University, and the U.S. Department
of Agriculture cooperating. Mark A. McCann, Director, Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg; Alma C. Hobbs, Administrator, 1890 Extension Program, Virginia State, Petersburg.
2006
2007
2008
Low-Maintenance Turfgrass Evaluation
Cool-Season and Warm-Season Trials
2008 Progress Report
Wytheville
Harrisonburg
Blackstone
Kentland
Orange
Inside
2006 Cool-Season Trial
year 2 data
2008 Cool-Season Trial
germination data
ROADSIDE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT
2007 Warm-Season Trial
2006
2007
2008
Low-Maintenance Turfgrass Evaluation
Cool-Season and Warm-Season Trials
Low-maintenance vegetative evaluations are conducted for, and in cooperation with, the Virginia Department of Transportation. The primary purpose is to identify seeded species and/or cultivars that will perform under the harsh and varied environmental conditions found alongside roadsides in
Virginia and the mid-Atlantic geographic region.
The minimal input management practices utilized in these trials differ traditional fine turf evaluation trials. Moisture is exclusively dependent upon
rainfall events, with no supplemental irrigation available. Seeding rates are reduced, mowing occurs two to three times yearly, and other than an
establishment application, fertility does not occur. The management parameters utilized make these tests unique in evaluating establishment and
persistence performance.
Entries are evaluated for a period of three years duration to evaluate establishment and persistence capabilities. This duration evaluates each entry’s
ability to tolerate soil and environmental extremes. Fertility and liming, based on soil test results, are applied at the time of seeding. Weed control is
done on as needed basis to maintain the integrity of the evaluation process. At the end of the three year period, desirable vegetative cover must meet
or exceed 70%.
Virginia possesses a range of climactic zones, from the mountains of the western part of the state, to the coastal conditions of the east. To address
this variation, each trial is located at three sites around the state to evaluate their performance under different climate conditions.
Table of Contents
Wytheville
Harrisonburg
Blackstone
Kentland
Orange
Page 3
2006 Cool-Season Trial, by Species
Page 9
2006 Cool-Season Trial, by Company
Page 14 2008 Cool-Season Trial, by Species
Page 20 2008 Cool-Season Trial, by Company
Page 25 2007 Warm-Season Trial, by Species
Year 2 Data
Page 26 2007 Warm-Season Data, by Company
Page 27 Appendix—Weather Data and Methodology
ROADSIDE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT
2
2006 Year 2 Data
Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea)
Mountain
Apache III
Aristotle
ATF 1235
Avenger
Barlexas II
Barrera
Bingo
Bonsai 3000
Cochise II
Constitution
Coyote II
Dakota
Dynamic
EA 171
Einstein
Falcon IV
Fidelity
Finelawn Elite
Firebird
Firenza
Five Point
Forrest Green
Gooden
Grande II
Greenkeeper
Houndog 5
Houndog 6
Inferno
Jaguar 4
Kalahari
90.00
81.67
98.33
83.33
98.33
88.33
93.33
100.00
100.00
93.33
95.00
100.00
88.33
95.00
95.00
100.00
100.00
98.33
90.00
98.33
81.67
100.00
76.67
98.33
96.67
96.67
83.33
95.00
95.00
90.00
North Piedmont South Piedmont
88.33
80.00
93.33
91.67
76.67
68.33
81.67
80.00
83.33
90.00
75.00
83.33
81.67
73.33
91.67
96.67
95.00
88.33
75.00
86.67
73.33
88.33
85.00
90.00
86.67
70.00
73.33
95.00
73.33
80.00
90.00
93.33
91.67
90.00
83.33
81.67
88.33
85.00
96.67
90.00
78.33
90.00
90.00
90.00
91.67
88.33
86.67
86.67
83.33
76.67
85.00
96.67
88.33
91.67
85.00
91.67
81.67
83.33
83.33
85.00
Mountain
Lexington
Magellan
Ninja II
Padre
Paraiso
Rhizing Star
Scorpion II
Serengeti
Shelby
Shenandoah II
Silverhawk
Sitka
Six Point
Solara
SR 8550
STR 8LMM
Tahoe
Taos
Tar Heel II
Tempest
TF 66
Titanium
Trooper
Turbo
Tuxedo
Virtuosa
Wpeze
2nd Millenium
Species Average
North Piedmont South Piedmont
85.00
95.00
100.00
93.33
96.67
91.67
96.67
96.67
100.00
90.00
100.00
93.33
90.00
95.00
98.33
96.67
96.67
88.33
100.00
88.33
88.33
90.00
98.33
88.33
90.00
91.67
88.33
95.00
76.67
88.33
81.67
95.00
91.67
80.00
93.33
91.67
86.67
93.33
80.00
73.33
95.00
85.00
78.33
93.33
83.33
85.00
86.67
80.00
83.33
78.33
93.33
70.00
86.67
80.00
83.33
91.67
85.00
91.67
90.00
93.33
95.00
86.67
86.67
93.33
96.67
91.67
88.33
90.00
90.00
86.67
80.00
83.33
83.33
88.33
83.33
88.33
88.33
88.33
96.67
85.00
85.00
81.67
88.33
85.00
93.48
84.14
87.82
N = 58
Low-Maintenance Turfgrass Evaluation
ROADSIDE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT
Cool-Season and Warm-Season Trials
Issue 1, December 2008
3
2006 Year 2 Data
Fine Fescues
Mountain
North Piedmont
Mountain
North Piedmont
Hard Fescue (Festuca brevipila)
Aurora II
Aurora Gold
Berkshire
Chariot
Ecostar
Fire Fly
Gotham
Granite
Harpoon
Heron
Nordic
Reliant II
Rescue 911
Rhino
Ridu
Stonehenge
Viking
88.33
96.67
83.33
71.67
91.670
86.67
93.33
90.00
85.00
75.00
98.33
93.33
88.33
95.00
80.00
91.67
98.33
100.00
98.33
100.00
96.67
100.00
98.33
100.00
95.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
95.00
100.00
95.00
100.00
98.33
Species Average
88.63
98.63
Sheeps Fescue (Festuca ovina)
Azure
Blacksheep
Dall
MX-07
Quatro
Whisper
Species Average
100.00
88.33
86.67
95.00
90.00
95.00
93.33
100.00
93.33
96.67
95.00
95.00
92.50
95.56
N=6
N = 17
Azure
Chariot
Heron
Dall
Low-Maintenance Turfgrass Evaluation
ROADSIDE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT
Cool-Season and Warm-Season Trials
Issue 1, December 2008
4
2006 Year 2 Data
Fine Fescues
Mountain
North Piedmont
Mountain
North Piedmont
Red Fescue (Festuca rubra rubra)
Aruba
Audubon
Beacon
Cindy Lou
Crossbow
Florentine GT
Foxfire
Foxy
Gibralter
Inverness
Loxia
Navigator
SeaBreeze GT
Trapeze
Wendy Jean
Weston
WP 888
Species Average
N = 17
85.00
81.67
68.33
83.33
63.33
76.67
86.67
63.33
66.67
60.00
83.33
78.33
61.67
78.33
81.67
80.00
85.00
75.49
Weston
88.33
88.33
91.67
85.00
83.33
85.00
90.00
85.00
86.67
83.33
91.67
93.33
86.67
95.00
88.33
93.33
90.00
88.75
Crossbow
Ambrose
Culumbra II
Trapeze
Chewings Fescue (Festuca rubra commutata)
Ambrose
Culumbra II
Chancellor
Compass
J-5
Jamestown IV
Longfellow II
Musica
Salisbury
Treazure
Zodiac
90.00
91.67
91.67
90.00
93.33
93.33
90.00
86.67
85.00
88.33
88.33
85.00
88.33
90.00
85.00
95.00
83.33
93.33
73.33
80.00
91.67
78.33
Species Average
89.85
85.76
N = 11
Low-Maintenance Turfgrass Evaluation
ROADSIDE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT
Cool-Season and Warm-Season Trials
Issue 1, December 2008
5
2006 Year 2 Data
Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne)
Acappella
Apple GL
Barlennium
Buena Vista
Cabo II
Covet
Cruiser
Delaware XL
Edison
Esquire
Fiji
Flash II
Frontier
Fusion
Gator 3
Gray Star
IS-PR 268
Icon
Kokomo 2
Line Drive GLS
MBH2
MDP-Darkstar II
Monterey 3
Overdrive
Palace
Mountain
North Piedmont
55.00
23.33
21.67
15.00
40.00
53.33
28.33
36.67
41.67
16.67
46.67
25.00
41.67
43.33
26.67
43.33
35.00
63.33
45.00
21.67
26.67
30.00
45.00
31.67
61.67
13.33
11.67
10.00
20.00
20.00
13.33
23.33
20.00
15.00
26.67
23.33
18.33
21.67
20.00
15.00
16.67
21.67
11.67
16.67
25.00
21.67
18.33
28.33
26.67
23.33
Mountain
North Piedmont
40.00
48.33
53.33
35.00
13.33
30.00
18.33
11.67
55.00
35.00
55.00
31.67
25.00
45.00
58.33
33.33
46.67
28.33
16.67
43.33
35.00
38.33
13.33
21.67
18.33
18.33
28.33
11.67
13.33
15.00
23.33
30.00
20.00
23.33
10.00
20.00
28.33
20.00
23.33
11.67
15.00
21.67
10.00
10.00
Species Average
36.49
N = 47
18.90
Palmer IV
Palmer V
Panther GLS
Peregrine
Phenom
Pinnacle II
Prelude GLS
Prelude IV
Presidio
Primary
Priority
Prototype
Repell GLS
Revenge GLX
Roadster
Saint
Silver Dollar
SR 4550
Stellar
Wayfarer
WP 13206
WP 17018
Low-Maintenance Turfgrass Evaluation
ROADSIDE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT
Cool-Season and Warm-Season Trials
Issue 1, December 2008
6
2006 Year 2 Data
Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis)
Mountain
A98-689
Alexa
Appalachian
Avid
Bariris
Baron
Blue Chip
Cadet
Comrade
Concerto
Corsair
Deep Blue
Denali
Diva
Durham
Dynamo
Eagleton
Evora
Glenmont
Guinness
90.00
93.33
95.00
93.33
80.00
95.00
90.00
90.00
90.00
85.00
80.00
90.00
85.00
93.33
93.33
88.33
85.00
86.67
91.67
86.67
North Piedmont
68.33
60.00
68.33
60.00
46.67
50.00
56.67
60.00
56.67
63.33
50.00
53.33
58.33
50.00
51.67
41.67
46.67
23.33
45.00
58.33
Moonshine
Mystere
Mountain
North Piedmont
Hunnington
Kingfisher
Liberator
Midnight
Mongoose
Moonlight
Moonshine
Mystere
Mystique
NA-3261
NA-3271
Preakness
Princeton 105
PST-1121
Rhythm
Shamrock
Wildhorse
1B7-308
93.33
95.00
85.00
93.33
90.00
86.67
88.33
81.67
96.67
88.33
90.00
65.00
65.00
93.33
86.67
90.00
88.33
86.67
63.33
43.33
45.00
58.33
43.33
90.00
70.00
83.33
60.00
60.00
71.67
71.67
65.00
38.33
61.67
56.67
56.67
51.67
Species Average
87.98
55.78
N = 38
Preakness
Low-Maintenance Turfgrass Evaluation
ROADSIDE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT
Cool-Season and Warm-Season Trials
Issue 1, December 2008
7
2006 Year 2 Data
Other Species
Mountain
North Piedmont South Piedmont
Hybrid Bluegrass (Poa pratensis x P. arachnifera)
Armadillo
Fahrenheit 90
Long Horn
SPTR 2LM95
Species Average
90.00
73.33
70.00
78.33
77.92
100.00
38.33
50.00
83.33
67.92
95.00
88.33
76.67
75.00
83.75
88.33
93.33
95.00
58.33
51.67
55.00
55.00
65.00
57.00
30.00
60.00
70.00
53.33
73.33
57.33
N=5
28.33
15.00
30.00
24.44
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
N=3
N=4
Texas Bluegrass (Poa arachnifera)
Fire and Ice
Agrostis spp.
Cobra 2 Creeping Bentgrass
GolfStar Idaho Bentgrass
SR 7150 Colonial Bentgrass
Streaker Red Top
Tiger II Colonial Bentgrass
Species Average
Fahtenheit 90
Fire and Ice
Alkaligrass
Fults
Fults II
Salty
Species Average
South Piedmont Evaluation Site
Low-Maintenance Turfgrass Evaluation
ROADSIDE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT
Cool-Season and Warm-Season Trials
Issue 1, December 2008
8
2006 Year 2 Data
By Company
Mountain N.Piedmont S.Piedmont
American Grass Seed Producers
Silverhawk Tall Fescue
Shelby Tall Fescue
Whisper Sheeps Fescue
Roadster P. Ryegrass
Saint P. Ryegrass
Burlingham Seeds
100.00
100.00
95.00
58.33
33.33
80.00
86.67
95.00
28.33
20.00
88.33
96.67
100.00
100.00
91.67
66.67
36.67
13.33
90.00
0.00
83.33
81.67
100.00
86.67
20.00
28.33
56.67
23.33
96.67
90.00
98.33
88.33
88.33
21.67
30.00
80.00
95.00
76.67
68.33
83.33
10.00
11.67
46.67
50.00
83.33
81.67
88.33
Ampac Seed
Cochise II Tall Fescue
Ninja II Tall Fescue
Stonehenge Hard Fescue
Gibralter Red Fescue
Delaware XL P. Ryegrass
Phenom P. Ryegrass
Comrade K. Bluegrass
Duo Festulolium
Magellan Tall Fescue
Tempest Tall Fescue
Turbo Tall Fescue
Musica Chewings Fescue
Zodiac Chewings Fescue
Buena Vista P. Ryegrass
Overdrive P. Ryegrass
Avid K. Bluegrass
Dynamo K. Bluegrass
95.00
88.33
88.33
86.67
88.33
15.00
31.67
93.33
88.33
88.33
80.00
70.00
73.33
78.33
20.00
26.67
60.00
41.67
91.67
88.33
85.00
100.00
95.00
88.33
85.00
85.00
80.00
41.67
30.00
90.00
93.33
86.67
83.33
73.33
85.00
80.00
100.00
93.33
21.67
18.33
53.33
38.33
51.67
90.00
90.00
88.33
100.00
88.33
96.67
Cascade International Seed Company
Barenbrug, USA
Barlexas II Tall Fescue
Barrera Tall Fescue
TF 66 Tall Fescue
Barlennium P. Ryegrass
Pinnacle II P. Ryegrass
Bariris K. Bluegrass
Baron K. Bluegrass
Mountain N.Piedmont S.Piedmont
Dakota Tall Fescue
EA 171 Tall Fescue
Taos Tall Fescue
Salisbury Chewings Fescue
Harpoon Hard Fescue
Weston Red Fescue
Frontier P. Ryegrass
MDP-Darkstar II P. Ryegrass
Deep Blue K. Bluegrass
PST-1121 K. Bluegrass
1B7-308 K. Bluegrass
Caudill Seed
Forrest Green Tall Fescue
Blue Mountain Seeds
Wildhorse K. Bluegrass
88.33
56.67
Low-Maintenance Turfgrass Evaluation
ROADSIDE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT
Cool-Season and Warm-Season Trials
Issue 1, December 2008
9
2006 Year 2 Data
By Company
Mountain N.Piedmont S.Piedmont
Columbia River Seed
Cadet K. Bluegrass
Corsair K. Bluegrass
A98-689 K. Bluegrass
NA-3261 K. Bluegrass
NA-3271 K. Bluegrass
DLF International Seeds
90.00
80.00
90.00
88.33
90.00
60.00
50.00
68.33
60.00
71.67
95.00
85.00
93.33
96.67
95.00
93.33
63.33
78.33
53.33
41.67
61.67
35.00
55.00
55.00
91.67
76.67
73.33
83.33
100.00
83.33
83.33
95.00
13.33
15.00
23.33
30.00
20.00
23.33
Columbia Seeds
Einstein Tall Fescue
Lexington Tall Fescue
Sitka Tall Fescue
Tahoe Tall Fescue
Rhino Hard Fescue
Jamestown IV Chewings Fescue
Crossbow Red Fescue
Trapeze Red Fescue
Covet P. Ryegrass
Edison P. Ryegrass
Palace P. Ryegrass
Primary P. Ryegrass
Priority P. Ryegrass
Presidio P. Ryegrass
Mountain N.Piedmont S.Piedmont
91.67
85.00
90.00
83.33
Bingo Tall Fescue
Houndog 5 Tall Fescue
Houndog 6 Tall Fescue
Rhizing Star Tall Fescue
Solara Tall Fescue
Ridu Hard Fescue
Quatro Sheeps Fescue
Longfellow II Chewings Fescue
Cindy Lou Red Fescue
Esquire P. Ryegrass
Gator 3 P. Ryegrass
IS-PR 268 P. Ryegrass
MBH2 P. Ryegrass
Appalachian K. Bluegrass
Evora K. Bluegrass
Rhythm K. Bluegrass
Cobra 2 Creeping Bentgrass
Tiger II Colonial Bentgrass
93.33
96.67
83.33
91.67
95.00
80.00
90.00
90.00
83.33
16.67
26.67
35.00
26.67
95.00
86.67
86.67
65.00
53.33
81.67
70.00
73.33
80.00
85.00
95.00
95.00
93.33
85.00
26.67
15.00
21.67
21.67
68.33
23.33
61.67
30.00
73.33
88.33
91.67
81.67
86.67
86.67
85.00
83.33
90.00
10.00
10.00
88.33
88.33
Evergreen Seed Company, LLC
Gooden Tall Fescue
Wpeze Tall Fescue
WP 888 Red Fescue
WP 13206 P. Ryegrass
WP 17018 P. Ryegrass
76.67
88.33
85.00
35.00
38.33
Low-Maintenance Turfgrass Evaluation
ROADSIDE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT
Cool-Season and Warm-Season Trials
Issue 1, December 2008
10
2006 Year 2 Data
By Company
Mountain N.Piedmont S.Piedmont
Landmark Native Seed
Grassland Oregon
Kalahari Tall Fescue
Serengeti Tall Fescue
Cabo II P. Ryegrass
Fiji P. Ryegrass
Kokomo 2 P. Ryegrass
Armadillo Hybrid Bluegrass
Durham K. Bluegrass
Mongoose K. Bluegrass
90.00
96.67
40.00
46.67
45.00
90.00
93.33
90.00
80.00
91.67
20.00
23.33
16.67
100.00
51.67
43.33
85.00
93.33
98.33
91.67
55.00
85.00
86.67
80.00
13.33
63.33
76.67
81.67
95.00
95.00
91.67
88.33
95.00
85.00
81.67
45.00
45.00
90.00
85.00
83.33
63.33
83.33
28.33
95.00
73.33
100.00
95.00
96.67
88.33
88.33
28.33
20.00
56.67
45.00
53.33
60.00
63.33
0.00
83.33
83.33
95.00
Jacklin-Simplot
Inferno Tall Fescue
Jaguar 4 Tall Fescue
Ecostar Hard Fescue
Rescue 911 Hard Fescue
MX-07 Sheeps Fescue
Aruba Red Fescue
Audubon Red Fescue
Monterey 3 P. Ryegrass
Revenge GLX P. Ryegrass
Blue Chip K. Bluegrass
Liberator K. Bluegrass
Streaker Red Top
GolfStar Idaho Bentgrass
Reubens Canada Bluegrass
Fults Alkaligrass
Fults II Alkaligrass
15.00
0.00
88.33
100.00
88.33
93.33
81.67
81.67
95.00
100.00
95.00
88.33
90.00
86.67
95.00
93.33
93.33
86.67
31.67
43.33
91.67
90.00
88.33
95.00
100.00
90.00
23.33
21.67
45.00
56.67
91.67
93.33
93.33
90.00
71.67
75.00
78.33
25.00
16.67
90.00
73.33
90.00
78.33
96.67
100.00
93.33
18.33
15.00
60.00
38.33
90.00
88.33
Landmark Seed
Integra Seeds, Inc.
Firenza Tall Fescue
Virtuosa Tall Fescue
Acappella P. Ryegrass
Concerto K. Bluegrass
Mountain N.Piedmont S.Piedmont
Dynamic Tall Fescue
Fidelity Tall Fescue
Blacksheep Sheeps Fescue
J-5 Chewings Fescue
Wendy Jean Red Fescue
Lesco, Inc
Magellan Tall Fescue
Padre Tall Fescue
Gotham Hard Fescue
Foxfire Red Fescue
Prototype P. Ryegrass
Wayfarer P. Ryegrass
Glenmont K. Bluegrass
Shamrock K. Bluegrass
Mountain View Seeds
Constitution Tall Fescue
Titanium Tall Fescue
Chariot Hard Fescue
Heron Hard Fescue
Navigator Red Fescue
Flash II P. Ryegrass
Stellar P. Ryegrass
Cadet K. Bluegrass
Fahrenheit 90 Hybrid Bluegrass
88.33
Low-Maintenance Turfgrass Evaluation
ROADSIDE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT
Cool-Season and Warm-Season Trials
Issue 1, December 2008
11
2006 Year 2 Data
By Company
Mountain N. Piedmont S. Piedmont
New Seed, Inc.
ProSeeds Marketing
Lexington Tall Fescue
85.00
Jamestown IV Chewings Fescue 93.33
Cruiser P. Ryegrass
28.33
76.67
83.33
23.33
85.00
91.67
93.33
95.00
93.33
90.00
58.33
95.00
96.67
Oregro Seeds, Inc.
Paraiso Tall Fescue
Trooper Tall Fescue
Granite Hard Fescue
Dall Sheeps Fescue
Chancellor Chewings Fescue
Denali K. Bluegrass
96.67
98.33
90.00
86.67
91.67
85.00
Species Averages
Tall Fescue
Hard Fescue
Sheeps Fescue
Chewings Fescue
Red Fescue
Perennial Ryegrass
Kentucky Bluegrass
Alkaligrass
Agrostis species
Texas Bluegrass
Hybrid Bluegrass
Mountain N. Piedmont S. Piedmont
93.48
88.63
92.50
89.85
75.49
36.49
87.98
24.44
69.33
88.33
77.92
84.14
98.63
95.56
85.76
88.75
18.90
55.78
0.00
57.33
93.33
67.92
87.82
93.33
83.75
N = 58
N = 17
N=6
N = 11
N = 17
N = 47
N = 38
N=3
N=5
N=1
N=4
Falcon IV Tall Fescue
Finelawn Elite Tall Fescue
Five Point Tall Fescue
Scorpion II Tall Fescue
Shenandoah II Tall Fescue
Six Point Tall Fescue
Foxy Red Fescue
Nordic Hard Fescue
Reliant II Hard Fescue
Viking Hard Fescue
Azure Sheeps Fescue
Ambrose Chewings Fescue
Culumbra II Chewings Fescue
Palmer IV P. Ryegrass
Palmer V P. Ryegrass
Panther GLS P. Ryegrass
Line Drive GLS P. Ryegrass
Prelude GLS P. Ryegrass
Prelude IV P. Ryegrass
Repell GLS P. Ryegrass
Alexa K. Bluegrass
Diva K. Bluegrass
Eagleton K. Bluegrass
Guinness K. Bluegrass
Hunnington K. Bluegrass
Mystere K. Bluegrass
Mystique K. Bluegrass
Preakness K. Bluegrass
Princeton 105 K. Blue
Salty Alkaligrass
100.00
98.33
81.67
96.67
90.00
90.00
63.33
98.33
93.33
98.33
100.00
90.00
91.67
40.00
48.33
53.33
21.67
18.33
11.67
25.00
93.33
93.33
85.00
86.67
93.33
81.67
96.67
65.00
65.00
30.00
96.67
88.33
73.33
93.33
93.33
95.00
85.00
100.00
100.00
98.33
93.33
85.00
88.33
13.33
21.67
18.33
25.00
13.33
15.00
10.00
60.00
50.00
46.67
58.33
63.33
83.33
60.00
71.67
65.00
0.00
88.33
86.67
85.00
86.67
91.67
90.00
Low-Maintenance Turfgrass Evaluation
ROADSIDE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT
Cool-Season and Warm-Season Trials
Issue 1, December 2008
12
2006 Year 2 Data
By Company
Mountain N. Piedmont S. Piedmont
Seed Research of Oregon
Grande II Tall Fescue
SR 8550 Tall Fescue
STR 8LMM Tall Fescue
Peregrine P. Ryegrass
SR 4550 P. Ryegrass
Kingfisher K. Bluegrass
SPTR 2LM95 Hybrid Bluegrass
SR 3210 Blue Fescue
SR 7150 Colonial Bentgrass
Turf-Seed Inc.
98.33
98.33
96.67
35.00
28.33
95.00
78.33
80.00
81.67
90.00
78.33
93.33
18.33
11.67
43.33
83.33
88.33
70.00
91.67
80.00
83.33
95.00
96.67
83.33
88.33
75.00
86.67
100.00
91.67
78.33
85.00
75.00
The Scotts Company
Coyote II Tall Fescue
Greenkeeper Tall Fescue
Berkshire Hard Fescue
Treazure Chewings Fescue
100.00
98.33
95.00
86.67
88.33
80.00
86.67
91.67
98.33
93.33
Apache III Tall Fescue
Tar Heel II Tall Fescue
Aurora II Hard Fescue
Aurora Gold Hard Fescue
Florentine GT Red Fescue
Inverness Red Fescue
SeaBreeze GT Red Fescue
Gray Star P. Ryegrass
Silver Dollar P. Ryegrass
Midnight K. Bluegrass
Moonlight K. Bluegrass
Moonshine K. Bluegrass
Long Horn Hybrid Bluegrass
90.00
100.00
88.33
96.67
76.67
60.00
61.67
43.33
46.67
93.33
86.67
88.33
70.00
88.33
86.67
100.00
98.33
85.00
83.33
86.67
16.67
23.33
58.33
90.00
70.00
50.00
90.00
83.33
98.33
90.00
83.33
43.33
63.33
93.33
75.00
91.67
20.00
11.67
91.67
83.33
83.33
90.00
90.00
68.33
23.33
91.67
86.67
85.00
91.67
11.67
90.00
85.00
76.67
Wetsel Seed
Turf Merchants, Inc.
Bonsai 3000 Tall Fescue
Firenza Tall Fescue
2nd Millenium Tall Fescue
Fire Fly Hard Fescue
Fire and Ice Texas Bluegrass
Mountain N. Piedmont S. Piedmont
85.00
76.67
85.00
95.00
ATF 1235 Tall Fescue
Firebird Tall Fescue
Loxia Red Fescue
Fusion P. Ryegrass
Icon P. Ryegrass
Z Seeds, LLC
Avenger Tall Fescue
Tuxedo Tall Fescue
Compass Chewings Fescue
Beacon Red Fescue
Apple GL P. Ryegrass
Low-Maintenance Turfgrass Evaluation
ROADSIDE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT
Cool-Season and Warm-Season Trials
Issue 1, December 2008
13
2008 Germination Data
Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea)
Mountain
North Piedmont South Piedmont
Mountain
North Piedmont South Piedmont
AST7002
30 days
60 days
8.33
21.67
11.67
25.00
23.33
31.67
DTT-43-08
30 days
60 days
5.00
15.00
6.67
25.00
21.67
43.33
AST7003
30 days
60 days
5.00
16.67
10.00
26.67
25.00
43.33
DTT-95-08
30 days
60 days
5.00
18.33
6.67
25.00
20.00
33.33
Bullseye
30 days
60 days
13.33
23.33
11.67
33.33
25.00
51.67
Escalade
30 days
60 days
6.67
31.67
15.00
31.67
28.33
50.00
Crossfire 3
30 days
60 days
6.67
15.00
8.33
21.67
18.33
38.33
Forrest Green
30 days
60 days
6.67
23.33
5.00
16.67
21.67
40.00
Darlington
30 days
60 days
6.67
21.67
5.00
20.00
18.33
30.00
GA-51
30 days
60 days
18.33
33.33
11.67
38.33
31.67
70.00
DTT-20-08
30 days
60 days
5.00
18.33
5.00
15.00
16.67
31.67
Hemi
30 days
60 days
10.00
21.67
10.00
33.33
25.00
56.67
DTT-21-08
30 days
60 days
5.00
16.67
5.00
16.67
18.33
28.33
Tall Fescue Averages
30 days
60 days
8.59
23.46
10.45
27.95
23.46
46.47
N = 26
Low-Maintenance Turfgrass Evaluation
ROADSIDE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT
Cool-Season and Warm-Season Trials
Issue 1, December 2008
14
2008 Germination Data
Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea)
Mountain
North Piedmont South Piedmont
Mountain
North Piedmont
South Piedmont
IS-TF-138
30 days
60 days
8.33
21.67
8.33
28.33
21.67
43.33
RKCL
30 days
60 days
8.33
26.67
13.33
28.33
21.67
50.00
IS-TF-152
30 days
60 days
6.67
23.33
11.67
30.00
25.00
56.67
SC-1
30 days
60 days
11.67
26.67
15.00
33.33
26.67
53.33
Kentucky 32
30 days
60 days
6.67
31.67
13.33
31.67
30.00
50.00
Shenandoah III
30 days
60 days
15.00
28.33
15.00
33.33
25.00
53.33
Mustang 4
30 days
60 days
11.67
23.33
13.33
30.00
25.00
46.67
Tahoe II
30 days
60 days
6.67
23.33
18.67
31.67
21.67
55.00
MVS 3609
30 days
60 days
6.67
21.67
13.33
31.67
26.67
55.00
Talladega
30 days
60 days
11.67
28.33
11.67
28.33
21.67
55.00
Paraiso
30 days
60 days
8.33
28.33
08.33
26.67
23.33
35.00
Turbo RZ
30 days
60 days
11.67
23.33
11.67
28.33
26.67
51.67
PI 14576E1
30 days
60 days
8.33
26.67
13.33
36.67
21.67
55.00
Tall Fescue Averages
30 days
60 days
8.59
23.46
10.45
27.95
23.46
46.47
N = 26
Low-Maintenance Turfgrass Evaluation
ROADSIDE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT
Cool-Season and Warm-Season Trials
Issue 1, December 2008
15
2008 Germination Data
Fine Fescues
Mountain
North Piedmont South Piedmont
Hard Fescue (Festuca brevipila)
Mountain
North Piedmont
South Piedmont
Chewings Fescue (Festuca rubra commutate)
Granite
30 days
60 days
1.67
10.00
5.00
20.00
8.33
25.00
Chancellor
30 days
60 days
0.00
6.67
5.00
26.67
30.00
35.00
Henry
30 days
60 days
1.67
5.00
5.00
23.33
16.67
30.00
Compass
30 days
60 days
1.67
3.33
5.00
18.33
11.67
21.67
Heron
30 days
60 days
1.67
3.33
5.00
11.67
15.00
31.67
Frazer
30 days
60 days
6.67
15.00
5.00
26.67
23.33
30.00
Reliant IV
30 days
60 days
1.67
10.00
5.00
18.33
16.67
30.00
Jamestown IV
30 days
60 days
3.33
10.00
5.00
16.67
18.33
30.00
Rhino
30 days
60 days
3.33
8.33
6.67
25.00
11.67
28.33
Windward
30 days
60 days
0.00
1.67
0.00
8.33
5.00
11.67
Spartan 2
30 days
60 days
1.67
6.67
5.00
16.67
16.67
26.67
Chewings Fescue Averages
30 days
2.33
60 days
7.33
4.00
19.33
17.67
25.67
Warwick
30 days
60 days
0.00
3.33
0.00
15.00
5.00
20.00
Hard Fescue Averages
30 days
1.67
60 days
06.67
4.52
18.57
12.86
27.38
Low-Maintenance Turfgrass Evaluation
ROADSIDE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT
Cool-Season and Warm-Season Trials
Issue 1, December 2008
16
2008 Germination Data
Fine Fescues
Mountain
North Piedmont South Piedmont
Red Fescue (Festuca rubra rubra)
Cardinal
30 days
60 days
3.33
6.67
8.33
18.33
26.67
41.67
Epic
30 days
60 days
6.67
11.67
13.33
21.67
28.33
41.67
SilverLawn
30 days
60 days
5.00
15.00
13.33
25.00
31.67
40.00
Red Fescue Averages
30 days
5.00
60 days
11.11
11.67
21.67
28.89
41.11
Low-Maintenance Turfgrass Evaluation
ROADSIDE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT
Cool-Season and Warm-Season Trials
Issue 1, December 2008
17
2008 Germination Data
Other Species
Mountain
North Piedmont South Piedmont
Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne)
23.33
31.67
18.33
55.00
68.33
71.67
CT01BG
30 days
60 days
18.33
30.00
23.33
70.00
73.33
73.33
Palace
30 days
60 days
21.67
30.00
15.00
45.00
66.67
68.33
16.67
28.33
20.00
43.33
North Piedmont South Piedmont
Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis)
Colosseum
30 days
60 days
Phenom
30 days
60 days
Mountain
66.67
66.67
Primary
30 days
60 days
21.67
31.67
23.33
61.67
71.67
71.67
Species Average
30 days
60 days
20.33
30.33
20.00
55.00
69.33
70.33
A01-299
30 days
60 days
90 days
3.33
8.33
5.00
11.67
16.67
16.67
Front Page
30 days
60 days
90 days
1.67
5.00
0.00
5.00
20.00
20.00
5.00
8.33
5.00
13.33
28.33
21.67
3.33
7.22
3.33
10.00
21.67
21.67
Volt
30 days
60 days
90 days
Species Average
30 days
60 days
Low-Maintenance Turfgrass Evaluation
ROADSIDE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT
Cool-Season and Warm-Season Trials
Issue 1, December 2008
18
2008 Germination Data
Other Species
Mountain
North Piedmont South Piedmont
EDD Tufted Hairgrass
30 days
0.00
60 days
1.67
90 days
11.67
21.67
26.67
38.33
Orca Orchardgrass
30 days
60 days
90 days
20.00
56.67
56.67
56.67
13.33
51.67
76.67
80.00
11.67
26.67
Spike Bentgrass (Agrostis exarata)
30 days
1.67
60 days
10.00
90 days
Low-Maintenance Turfgrass Evaluation
ROADSIDE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT
Cool-Season and Warm-Season Trials
Issue 1, December 2008
19
2008 Germination Data
By Company
Mountain
North Piedmont South Piedmont
Allied Seeds
AST7002 TallFescue
30 days
60 days
Mountain
North Piedmont South Piedmont
Ampac Seed Company
8.33
21.67
11.67
25.00
23.33
31.67
IS-TF-138 Tall Fescue
30 days
60 days
8.33
21.67
8.33
28.33
21.67
43.33
AST7003 Tall Fescue
30 days
5.00
60 days
16.67
10.00
26.67
25.00
43.33
IS-TF-152 Tall Fescue
30 days
60 days
6.67
23.33
11.67
30.00
25.00
56.67
DTT-20-08 Tall Fescue
30 days
5.00
60 days
18.33
5.00
15.00
16.67
31.67
RKCL Tall Fescue
30 days
60 days
8.33
26.67
13.33
28.33
21.67
50.00
DTT-21-08 Tall Fescue
30 days
5.00
60 days
16.67
5.00
16.67
18.33
28.33
Phenom Perennial Ryegrass
30 days
16.67
60 days
28.33
20.00
43.33
66.67
66.67
DTT-43-08 Tall Fescue
30 days
5.00
60 days
15.00
6.67
25.00
21.67
43.33
Front Page Kentucky Bluegrass
30 days
1.67
60 days
5.00
0.00
5.00
20.00
20.00
DTT-95-08 Tall Fescue
30 days
5.00
60 days
18.33
6.67
25.00
20.00
33.33
Low-Maintenance Turfgrass Evaluation
ROADSIDE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT
Cool-Season and Warm-Season Trials
Issue 1, December 2008
20
2008 Germination Data
By Company
Mountain
North Piedmont South Piedmont
Burlingham Seeds
Mountain
North Piedmont South Piedmont
Columbia Seeds
Bullseye Tall Fescue
30 days
60 days
13.33
23.33
11.67
33.33
25.00
51.67
Darlington Tall Fescue
30 days
60 days
6.67
21.67
5.00
20.00
18.33
30.00
Hemi Tall Fescue
30 days
60 days
10.00
21.67
10.00
33.33
25.00
56.67
Tahoe II Tall Fescue
30 days
60 days
6.67
23.33
18.67
31.67
21.67
55.00
Turbo RZ Tall Fescue
30 days
11.67
60 days
23.33
11.67
28.33
26.67
51.67
Talladega Tall Fescue
30 days
60 days
11.67
28.33
11.67
28.33
21.67
55.00
A01-299 Kentucky Bluegrass
30 days
3.33
60 days
8.33
5.00
11.67
16.67
16.67
Rhino Hard Fescue
30 days
60 days
3.33
8.33
6.67
25.00
11.67
28.33
Jamestown IV Chewings
30 days
3.33
60 days
10.00
5.00
16.67
18.33
30.00
Palace P. Ryegrass
30 days
60 days
21.67
30.00
15.00
45.00
66.67
68.33
Primary P. Ryegrass
30 days
60 days
21.67
31.67
23.33
61.67
71.67
71.67
Caudill Seed
Forrest Green Tall Fescue
30 days
6.67
60 days
23.33
5.00
38.33
21.67
70.00
Low-Maintenance Turfgrass Evaluation
ROADSIDE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT
Cool-Season and Warm-Season Trials
Issue 1, December 2008
21
2008 Germination Data
By Company
Mountain
North Piedmont South Piedmont
Derry Warehouse Company
GA-51 Tall Fescue
30 days
60 days
18.33
33.33
Mountain
North Piedmont South Piedmont
Lewis Seed Company
11.67
38.33
31.67
70.00
Ioka Farms Marketing
SC-1 Tall Fescue
30 days
60 days
11.67
26.67
15.00
33.33
26.67
53.33
Mountain View Seed
PI 4576E1 Tall Fescue
30 days
8.33
60 days
26.67
13.33
36.67
21.67
55.00
MVS3609 Tall Fescue
30 days
6.67
60 days
21.67
13.33
31.67
26.67
55.00
Henry Hard Fescue
30 days
60 days
1.67
5.00
5.00
23.33
16.67
30.00
Heron Hard Fescue
30 days
60 days
1.67
3.33
5.00
11.67
15.00
31.67
Frazer Chewings Fescue
30 days
6.67
60 days
15.00
5.00
26.67
23.33
30.00
Compass Chewings Fescue
30 days
1.67
60 days
3.33
5.00
18.33
11.67
21.67
Silverlawn Red Fescue
30 days
5.00
60 days
15.00
13.33
25.00
31.67
40.00
Cardinal Red Fescue
30 days
60 days
3.33
6.67
8.33
18.33
26.67
41.67
Colosseum Perennial Ryegrass
30 days
23.33
60 days
31.67
18.33
55.00
68.33
71.67
Volt Kentucky Bluegrass
30 days
5.00
60 days
8.33
5.00
13.33
28.33
21.67
CT01BG Perennial Ryegrass
30 days
18.33
60 days
30.00
23.33
70.00
73.33
73.33
Low-Maintenance Turfgrass Evaluation
ROADSIDE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT
Cool-Season and Warm-Season Trials
Issue 1, December 2008
22
2008 Germination Data
By Company
Mountain
North Piedmont South Piedmont
Oregro Seeds, Inc
Mountain
North Piedmont South Piedmont
PickSeed
Escalade Tall Fescue
30 days
6.67
60 days
31.67
15.00
31.67
28.33
50.00
Crossfire 3 Tall Fescue
30 days
6.67
60 days
15.00
8.33
21.67
18.33
38.33
Kentucky 32 Tall Fescue
30 days
6.67
60 days
31.67
13.33
31.67
30.00
50.00
Mustang 4 Tall Fescue
30 days
11.67
60 days
23.33
13.33
30.00
25.00
46.67
Paraiso Tall Fescue
30 days
60 days
8.33
28.33
8.33
26.67
23.33
35.00
Spartan 2 Hard Fescue
30 days
1.67
60 days
6.67
5.00
16.67
16.67
26.67
Granite Hard Fescue
30 days
60 days
1.67
10.00
5.00
20.00
8.33
25.00
Windward Chewings Fescue
30 days
0.00
60 days
1.67
0.00
8.33
5.00
11.67
Warwick Hard Fescue
30 days
60 days
0.00
3.33
0.00
15.00
5.00
20.00
Orca Orchardgrass
30 days
60 days
20.00
56.67
56.67
56.67
Chancellor Chewings Fescue
30 days
0.00
60 days
6.67
5.00
26.67
30.00
35.00
11.67
26.67
Low-Maintenance Turfgrass Evaluation
ROADSIDE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT
Cool-Season and Warm-Season Trials
Issue 1, December 2008
23
2008 Germination Data
By Company
Mountain
North Piedmont South Piedmont
ProSeeds Marketing
Shenandoah III Tall Fescue
30 days
15.00
60 days
28.33
15.00
33.33
25.00
53.33
Reliant IV Hard Fescue
30 days
1.67
60 days
10.00
5.00
18.33
16.67
30.00
Epic Red Fescue
30 days
60 days
6.67
11.67
13.33
21.67
28.33
41.67
0.00
1.67
11.67
21.67
26.67
38.33
1.67
10.00
13.33
51.67
76.67
80.00
EDD Tufted Hairgrass
30 days
60 days
Spike Bentgrass
30 days
60 days
Low-Maintenance Turfgrass Evaluation
ROADSIDE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT
Cool-Season and Warm-Season Trials
Issue 1, December 2008
24
2007 Year 2 Data
Warm-Season Species
Mountain
North Piedmont
Bermuagrass (Cynodon dactylon)
IS-CD 5
IS-CD 7
Mohawk
NuMex Sahara
SWI-1012
Transcontinental
Species Average
75.00
76.67
58.35
81.67
100.00
100.00
98.33
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
84.52
99.76
N=6
Centipedegrass (Erimechloa ophiuroides)
Centi-Seed
TifBlair
21.67
18.33
45.00
75.00
Species Average
20.00
60.00
N=2
Transcontinental
Zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica)
Zenith
56.67
70.00
IS-CD 5
Other
Durana White Clover 13.33
100.00
SWI 1012
Low-Maintenance Turfgrass Evaluation
ROADSIDE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT
Cool-Season and Warm-Season Trials
Issue 1, December 2008
25
2007 Year 2 Data
By Company
Mountain
North Piedmont
75.00
76.67
98.33
100.00
58.35
81.67
100.00
56.67
13.33
100.00
100.00
100.00
70.00
100.00
21.67
18.33
56.67
45.00
75.00
70.00
100.00
100.00
DLF International Seeds
IS-CD 5 Bermudagrass
IS-CD 7 Bermudagrass
Pennington Seed Inc.
Mohawk Bermudagrass
NuMex Sahara
SWI-1012 Bermudagrass
Zenith Zoysiagrass
Durana White Clover
Patten Seed Co.
Centi-Seed Centipedegrass
TifBlair Centipedegrass
Zenith Zoysiagrass
The Scotts Company
Transcontinental Bermuda
Low-Maintenance Turfgrass Evaluation
ROADSIDE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT
Cool-Season and Warm-Season Trials
Issue 1, December 2008
26
2006
2007
2008
Low-Maintenance Turfgrass Evaluation
Rainfall Data for Cool-Season and Warm-Season Trials (inches)
Month
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Totals
Wytheville
Harrisonburg
Blackstone
Wytheville
0.59
0.63
0.60
1.20
1.55
0.92
2.48
0.28
0.48
0.02
0.83
1.23
10.81
Kentland
0.92
1.75
2.01
3.80
2.14
2.19
5.57
2.75
1.34
0.88
1.63
1.26
26.24
Harrisonburg
0.75
1.74
1.09
2.81
2.34
0.99
2.05
2.15
2.13
0.49
1.75
1.56
19.85
Orange
0.54
1.55
1.04
2.15
2.67
1.31
0.55
2.14
3.11
0.47
1.53
1.51
18.57
Blackstone
0.81
1.56
2.58
1.53
2.29
2.47
2.77
1.78
3.91
0.00
1.59
2.53
23.82
Kentland
Orange
ROADSIDE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT
27
2006
2007
2008
Wytheville 1
Kentland2
5
inches
inches
4
3
2
1
0
J
F M
A M
J
J
A
S
O N
D
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
J
F M
2008
Average
20
2008
Annual
Rainfall
Wytheville
Harrisonburg
Blackstone
Kentland
Orange
J
A
Average
40
0
J
S
O N
D
month
month
Average
A M
2008
40
Average
20
2008
0
Annual Rainfall
Rainfall Data
1. Wytheville
2008 Cool-Season Mountain Location
2. Kentland
2007 Warm-Season Mountain Location
ROADSIDE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT
28
2006
2007
2008
Harrisonburg 1
5
inches
4
3
2
40
1
20
0
0
Average
2008
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
Annual Rainfall
month
Average
Wytheville
Harrisonburg
Blackstone
Kentland
Orange
2008
Rainfall Data
1. Harrisonburg
2008 Cool-Season Mountain Location
ROADSIDE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT
29
2006
2007
2008
Blackstone2
5
5
4
4
inches
inches
Orange 1
3
2
1
3
2
1
0
0
J
F M
A M
J
J
A
S
O N
D
J
F M
A M
month
J
J
A
S
O N
D
month
Average
2008
Average
2008
60
60
40
40
Average
20
2008
0
Average
20
2008
0
Annual Rainfall
Annual Rainfall
Rainfall Data
Wytheville
Harrisonburg
Blackstone
Kentland
Orange
1. Orange
2006 Cool-Season N. Piedmont Location
2007 Warm-Season N. Piedmont Location
2008 Cool-Season N. Piedmont Location
2. Blackstone
2006 Cool-Season S. Piedmont Location
2008 Cool-Season S. Piedmont Location
ROADSIDE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT
30