Historic Resources Inventory and Evaluation Report

Transcription

HISTORIC RESOURCES INVENTORY
AND EVALUATION REPORT
Panoche Valley Solar Farm Project
San Benito County, California
Prepared For:
POWER Engineers
Prepared By:
Rand Herbert, Vice President
Greg Rainka, Architectural Historian
JRP Historical Consulting, LLC
2850 Spafford Street
Davis, CA 95618
MAY 2010
HRIER Panoche Valley Solar Farm Project – DRAFT
May 2010
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
Solargen Energy, Inc. (Solargen) proposes the construction and operation of a 420-megawatt
(MW) solar farm and ancillary facilities on undeveloped rangeland in Panoche Valley. The
project would include the installation of photovoltaic (PV) solar panels on framed single-pole
steel support structures and a substation/operation and maintenance (O&M) facility. In March
2010, Solargen authorized POWER Engineers, Inc. (POWER) to perform cultural resource
investigations for the Panoche Valley Solar Farm Project in support of compliance with the
California Environmental Compliance Act (CEQA). Review of the POWER study determined that
POWER’s preliminary evaluations should be expanded to include full evaluations regarding the
significance of the four historic-era structures identified, as well as the potential for a rural
historic landscape of the valley within the study area. POWER contracted with JRP Historical
Consultants, LLC (JRP) to perform an evaluation in accordance with Section 15064.5(a)(2)-(3) of
the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) using the criteria outlined in Section 5024.1 of
the California Public Resources Code and prepare this report.
This HRIER concludes that the rural historic landscape and the individual buildings, structures or
objects within the study area of the Panoche Valley Solar Farm Project do not appear to meet
the criteria for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) or the California Register
of Historical Resources (CRHR), and thus are not historical resources for the purposes of CEQA.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1
PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................ 1
1.1
Research and Field Methods ............................................................................................ 2
2
HISTORICAL OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................... 3
3
DESCRIPTION OF THE RESOURCES .......................................................................................... 5
4
3.1
Panoche Valley Rural Landscape ...................................................................................... 5
3.2
Individual Panoche Valley Resources ............................................................................... 6
FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS .............................................................................................. 11
4.1
Panoche Valley as a Rural Historic Landscape ............................................................... 11
4.2
Individual Resources / Complexes ................................................................................. 12
4.3 Buildings/Structures/Objects/Districts listed in or previously determined eligible for
the CRHR and/or NRHP: ............................................................................................................ 13
4.4 Buildings/Structures/Objects/Districts previously determined ineligible for the CRHR
and/or NRHP: ............................................................................................................................ 13
4.5 Buildings/Structures/Objects/Districts determined eligible for NRHP and CRHR listing
as a result of current study: ...................................................................................................... 13
4.6 Buildings/Structures/Objects/Districts determined not eligible for NRHP and CRHR
listing as a result of current study: ........................................................................................... 13
4.7 Buildings/Structures/Objects that are not historical resources under CEQA §15064.5
because they do not meet CRHR criteria outlined in PRC §5024.1: ......................................... 13
5
REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................... 14
6
PREPARERS’ QUALIFICATIONS .............................................................................................. 15
ATTACHMENTS
Appendix A
Maps
Appendix B
State of California Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR) 523 Forms
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The proposed Panoche Valley Solar Farm Project consists of the construction and operation of a
420-megawatt (MW) solar farm and ancillary facilities on undeveloped rangeland. The project
would include the installation of photovoltaic (PV) solar panels on framed single-pole steel
support structures and a substation/operation and maintenance (O&M) facility.
The proposed project would be installed over an area of approximately 4,717 acres (7.4 square
miles). However, the proposed design confines the solar arrays, substation, on-site access
roads, and facility buildings to a footprint of 2,332 acres, and buried electrical collection conduit
would occupy 37.4 acres. The remaining 1,680 acres within the project boundary would be left
undisturbed. Undisturbed areas would include drainages and riparian buffer zones. Currently,
the site supports cattle grazing. Pacific Gas and Electric‘s (PGE‘s) existing Moss-to-Panoche
transmission line crosses the project area.
The proposed project would require installation of approximately 3,111,111 PV panels
depending on the technology used. The maximum panel height would be 15 feet and the
minimum ground clearance would be approximately two feet. Each PV panel would be
approximately two feet by four feet. Rows of panels would be spaced 15 to 20 feet apart. The
project is based on the use of 2 MW blocks of PV panels. A block will be a maximum of 615 feet
by 640 feet. Unpaved, compressed, and crowned rock maintenance roads would be located
along the perimeter of each panel block to accommodate maintenance vehicles. In addition to
PV panels, the proposed project would include the following components:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Electrical equipment, including a collection system, which would be either buried
underground alongside or under access roads (67.4 acres of ground disturbance) or
carried on overhead power lines (25 to 35 feet tall, 10 acres of ground disturbance) to
carry electrical output from each array to the substation;
Two inverters and a collection transformer e mounted on concrete pedestals inside and
on elevated steel structures within each power block; pedestals will be tube type
poured on-site to provide minimal ground disturbance;
An electrical substation (12.4 acres);
Four transmission support towers to loop into the existing PG&E line (50-80 feet tall);
An O&M facility (0.05 acre);
A one acre parking area for the substation, and a temporary 20 acre parking
area/laydown area that would move with phasing of construction;
All-weather site access roads (30 acres); existing county roads will be used where
available; and
On-site septic system and leach field located near the temporary laydown area.
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Disturbance to the site would result from construction of access roads, the substation and O&M
facility, parking areas, and equipment pads; trenching for electrical conduit; and grading of
areas with slopes greater than three percent, construction staging areas, and temporary access
roads. Approximately 36 percent of the site (1,680 acres) would be left undisturbed. Although
1,680 acres of the project area would not be disturbed by the proposed solar farm, the entire
4,717 acres of was surveyed for cultural resources. The solar farm is expected to be in
operation for at least 30 years.
1.1
Research and Field Methods
The inventory and evaluation of the Panoche Valley Solar Farm Project study area included
research for developing a general historic context relative to the project location, as well as
resource-specific research to confirm dates of construction and detail physical histories.
Research was conducted at the California State Archives and Library, Shields Library (University
of California, Davis), San Benito County Historical Society, San Benito County Free Library, San
Benito County Assessor’s office, and the Science & Engineering Library at the University of
California, Santa Cruz. In addition, JRP reviewed the results of a California Historical Resources
Information System (CHRIS) records search. JRP research also included reviewing the California
Historical Landmarks and Points of Interest publications and updates, the National Register of
Historic Places, and the California Register of Historical Resources. JRP staff conducted a field
survey of Panoche Valley on May 7, 2010, and recorded the resources on the DPR 523 forms
located in Appendix B.
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HISTORICAL OVERVIEW
San Benito County was established in 1874 from portions of Monterey, Merced and Fresno
counties. It is bounded on the south and west by the Gabilan Mountains, and on the east by
Panoche Valley and the Diablo Range. Panoche Valley was primordially the basin of a
Pleistocene lake, and is the namesake of a sugar-like substance extracted by Native Americans
from a species of cane harvested there. San Benito County is naturally drained by San Benito
River, which runs northwesterly through the middle of the county before its confluence with
Pajaro River approximately 15 miles from the Monterey Bay. Panoche Creek flows east through
the study area of this project and on into the San Joaquin Valley.1
The earliest nonnative settlers of the San Benito County mountain ranges, foothills and valleys
were Mexican citizens. In 1844, Mexican Governor Manuel Micheltorena granted a 22,000 acre
tract of land in this region, but not in the study area for this project, called “Panoche de San
Juan y los Carrisalitos” to Julian Ursua and Pedro Romero. The rancho passed through a
number of hands until the late 1870s, when Daniel Hernandez acquired the land for use as a
sheep range. Large numbers of European-Americans began settling in San Joaquin Valley in the
1860s, establishing large ranching enterprises from the Coast Range to Fresno City that covered
tens of thousands of acres. With the enactment of federal homestead laws, settlers began to
obtain title to land in Panoche Valley on a first-come, first-serve basis. Among this group were
C.F. and William E. Keith, A.M. Thompson, W.L. Stowell and Stephen H. Langford. Similar
“squatters’ rights” were afforded to settlers of the valley during the following decade. A further
complication was that in the 1870s, the Southern Pacific Railroad planned to build a line from
Hollister on the west to Huron in the San Joaquin Valley through Panoche Valley, following a
stage route. Settlers, mostly alfalfa farmers, claimed portions of the railroad land with the
understanding that if construction failed (which it did), the land would be returned to the public
domain and they would be allowed to homestead. Some sections were set aside for the State
of California (school allotments) in the 1860s and 1870s, but most patents to individuals
occurred in the 1890s and early twentieth century.
In 1887, Bernardo Yturiarte, a rancher of Basque descent, arrived in Panoche Valley to enter the
sheep herding business. He bought a small house, four feed troughs and a corral on land
located within the study area for this project. By 1915, he had become one of the wealthiest
ranchers in the county. In addition to being locally known as the “Sheep King,” he had the
largest flock of turkeys in the state, and his land was reported to have an annual yield of 4,000
“Desert Hills of the Panoche Valley,” Bureau of Land Management, http://www.blm.gov; Henry D. Barrows and
Luther A. Ingersoll, A Memorial and Biographical History of the Coast Counties of Central California (Chicago: Lewis
Publishing Co., 1893).
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sacks of “high-grade grain.” In 1897, Walter J. (W.J.) Curtner of San Jose acquired large holdings
in the lower and middle section of the valley, also located in this project’s study area. Pete
Bourdet and Bernardo Rey rented the Curtner ranch for many years, where they ran several
bands of sheep.2
The valley’s first saloon-store was opened at Panoche Station in 1871 by Augustus Snyder at the
western end of the valley on the road to Paicines. The German storekeeper sold the business in
1874 to Isaac Myer, for whom Myer Peak on the valley’s southwestern horizon was named. In
1891, Panoche Station was renamed Llanada (derived from the Spanish noun llanada, meaning
a level plain) and the settlement name of Panoche was officially transferred to a saloon, hall
and store a few miles to the east near the home of George Berg. George and his brother Dan
came to Panoche from Merced County in the late 1880s as investors in the mineral
development of the area. As the valley developed during the first half of the twentieth century,
two additional saloon-stores opened – one on Tom Norton’s ranch in the 1930s one mile north
of Panoche School, and the other on the northwest side of the valley in the 1940s by George
and Ruth “Cuca” Valdez.3
Panoche School was originally located about one mile northwest of its current location. It was
relocated in 1880. Panoche’s post office was established at Panoche Station in 1870 in what
was then Fresno County. The office’s name was changed to Llanada in 1891 when Panoche was
moved. The new village of Panoche also had a post office, in addition to being the access point
to the telephone system of that section of the county (which was owned by Berg). 4
In 1913, 1600 acres of Curtner’s land in the center of the floor of the valley were purchased by
W.W. Giddings, a banker from Stanislaus County, to be used as stock range. The Evening Free
Lance, a San Benito County newspaper, reported that “two fine wells and two windmills furnish
an abundance of water for the cattle and sheep now pastured there and make a supply
available for irrigation purposes whenever the owners may decide to cultivate the land.” Mr.
Giddings said he purchased the property because of the valuable assets of Panoche Valley,
namely its fertile land and the big stream of water carried by Panoche Creek. Panoche Valley
has always been sparsely inhabited with few buildings. Since the mid-1800s, the land has been
used exclusively for cattle, sheep and horse grazing and associated cultivation of forage crops,
primarily alfalfa. According to evidence gleaned from historic maps and aerial photographs of
the area dating from throughout the twentieth century, early landowners established clusters
Peter C. Frusetta, Quicksilver Country: California’s New Idra Mining District. (Peter Frusetta, 1991)10-27; “Desert
Hills of the Panoche Valley”; “San Benito County Edition De Luxe,” supplementary to the Evening Free Lance and
Weekly Free Lance, May 1916.
3
Frusetta, Quicksilver Country; “San Benito County Edition De Luxe”; R. Iddings, ed., The New Idria Story: Told as it
Happened (Santa Cruz, CA: Three Rocks Research, 2008).
4
Frusetta, Quicksilver Country.
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of buildings and structures related to their ranching or farming operations. Each cluster (there
were less than ten total in the valley) typically had a stand of trees, and may have included
residences, barns, sheds, water tanks, wells, shelters, corrals, troughs, and related outbuildings.
A number of these clusters of buildings and structures have been demolished over the years,
and at other clusters buildings have been destroyed and replaced. Evidence suggests that few,
if any, new clusters have formed since the early 1900s. Panoche Valley is inherently
undeveloped. Most often, ranchers grazed their herds until it was time to move them
elsewhere. Similarly, landowners generally did not reside in the valley, which helps explain the
scanty residential and commercial development. 5
3
DESCRIPTION OF THE RESOURCES
The study area includes five individual resources – four structures or groups of structures
associated with the area’s ranching and farming history (Panoche-01, -02, -03 and -04) and a set
of Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) transmission lines and towers (Panoche-05). This report also
assesses whether or not Panoche Valley might be considered a rural historic landscape. A
discussion of each follows.
3.1
Panoche Valley Rural Landscape
Panoche Valley is a remote interior valley in San Benito County 45 miles south of Hollister
composed of alluvial plains and river channels. It is bounded to the north by the Aguilas Range,
to the south by the foothills of the Griswold Mountains, to the east by ridges forming the Diablo
Range, and to the west by the Gabilan Range. Prominent on the southwestern horizon are Buck
and Myer Peaks. Panoche Creek runs generally in a southeastern course through the valley,
which slopes from north to south and west to east. The valley is largely covered in grass within
large enclosed pastures; trees are found at ranch complexes (or the sites of former ranch
complexes) and near streambeds, particularly in the western end of the valley.
As noted above, Panoche Valley has always been sparsely inhabited with few buildings, with
activities focused on cattle, sheep and horse grazing and associated cultivation of forage crops,
primarily alfalfa. The valley floor was subdivided by the General Land Office survey during the
1860s, but most patents to individuals occurred in the 1890s and early twentieth century.
While the Southern Pacific did not build a line between Hollister and Huron, other
transportation patterns were established, including the stage route from Panoche to Hollister
Frusetta, Quicksilver Country; “San Benito County Edition De Luxe”; Iddings, ed., The New Idria Story; USDA aerial
photographs of San Benito County, 1939, 1949, 1967 and 1980; USGS 7.5’ Quadrangle, Panoche, CA, 1969; USGS
7.5’ Quadrangle, Llanada, CA, 1969; 1913 Panoche 30’ Topographic Map.
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that ascended the Aguilas Mountains east from Paicines. The primary roads for traversing the
valley – the north-south Little Panoche Road and the east-west Panoche Road – were
established at this time.
Development in the valley is typified by large enclosed pastures running on section and quarter
section lines, and widely scattered clusters of buildings and structures related to ranching
operations. There were less than ten such clusters total in the study area. They typically had a
stand of trees, and may have included residences, barns, sheds, water tanks, wells, shelters,
corrals, troughs, and other outbuildings. A number of buildings and structures have been
demolished over the years, and though some have been replaced, there is little indication that
new clusters have formed since the first half of the twentieth century. 6 Panoramas showing
the southern areas (Figure 6) and northern area of the valley from the vicinity of Panoche-04
(Figure 7) appear below.
3.2
Individual Panoche Valley Resources
The individual resources (Panoche -01 through -05) are fully described and evaluated on the
attached DPR523 forms. Photographs appear following the brief descriptions.
Panoche-01 is located at the southern portion of a 315-acre rectangular parcel adjacent to
Yturiarte Road just east of Little Panoche Road, and includes the remains of a small storage
building and concrete walls of a larger building, possibly a barn. The small storage building is
shown as Figure 1. The buildings appear to date to the early 1900s, when a cluster of buildings
and structures formed here on land owned by W.J. Curtner, a prominent Panoche Valley
landowner at the time.
Panoche-02 is located at the southwest corner of a 630-acre rectangular parcel adjacent to
Yturiarte Road just west of Little Panoche Road, and includes a concrete water diversion
structure on the right bank of Panoche Creek, shown as Figure 2. The structure appears to be
present in a 1939 aerial photograph, and a similar structure with a 1938 date stamp is located
approximately one mile downstream (to the northeast).
Panoche-03 is located at the southwest corner of a 160-acre square parcel adjacent to Yturiarte
Road approximately one mile east of Little Panoche Road, and includes wood post and rail
fences of a corral, as well as troughs and a modern water tank, shown as Figure 3. The fencing
appears to have been erected between 1949 and 1967, according to aerial photographs.
Frusetta, Quicksilver Country; “San Benito County Edition De Luxe”; Iddings, ed., The New Idria Story; USDA aerial
photographs of San Benito County, 1939, 1949, 1967 and 1980; USGS 7.5’ Quadrangle, Panoche, CA, 1969; USGS
7.5’ Quadrangle, Llanada, CA, 1969; 1913 Panoche 30’ Topographic Map.
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Panoche-04 is located at the southern portion of a 480-acre rectangular parcel at the end of a
dirt drive east of Little Panoche Road, and includes a wood frame tankhouse / residence
building, modern shop building, corrugated metal shed, corrals, water tank, and scattered farm
debris (Figure 4). A cluster of buildings and structures formed here before 1913 on land owned
by early Panoche Valley rancher W.J. Coleman. No buildings or structures remain from this
period. The tankhouse / residence appears to have been constructed between 1949 and 1958.
Panoche-05 is set of Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) transmission lines traveling northwest and
southwest across Little Panoche Road approximately one mile north of its intersection with
Yturiarte Road. The lines are suspended on three-armed lattice towers with battered fourlegged bases. (Figure 5). They appear to have been constructed between 1950 and 1967.
Figure 1: Panoche-01; camera facing southwest.
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Figure 2: Panoche-02; camera facing southwest
Figure 3: Panoche-03; camera facing northeast.
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Figure 4: Panoche-04; camera facing north.
Figure 5: Panoche-05; camera facing east.
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Figure 6: Panorama showing southern area of the valley from a point southwest of Panoche-04, which is visible near the trees on the left side of the image.
Figure 7: Panorama showing northern area of the valley from the vicinity of Panoche-04.
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FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS
JRP prepared this HRIER to evaluate historic resources within the study area of the Panoche
Valley Solar Farm Project in accordance with Section 15064.5(a)(2)-(3) of the CEQA Guidelines
using the criteria outlined in Section 5024.1 of the California Public Resources Code. None of
the inventoried and evaluated resources appear to be eligible for listing in the NRHP or the
CRHR because they do not appear to have historical significance and/or lack integrity to convey
their significance, and thus none are historic resources for the purposes of CEQA.
4.1 Panoche Valley as a Rural Historic Landscape
JRP concludes that Panoche Valley, if evaluated as a rural historic landscape, does not appear to
have historical significance, and many of its component parts lack integrity. Historic rural
landscapes are defined by the grouping of their various resources, hence their usual
classification as districts. While the basic relationship and arrangement between Panoche
Valley’s resources – the land, creeks, roads, and buildings, structures, and objects – has
changed little since the onset of Euro-American activity, the combined features of the valley
possess no discernible potential for significance. The reason Panoche Valley has been utilized
exclusively for grazing and cultivating purposes is because those are the highest and best uses
of the land. The shaping of this landscape, therefore, is not unique and is not significantly
representative of its time and place; rather, it is typical of the dry valleys of the Coastal Range
of California.
The National Park Service’s Bulletin 30, Guidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Rural
Historic Landscapes, notes:
For the purposes of the National Register, a rural historic landscape is defined as a
geographical area that historically has been used by people, or shaped or modified by
human activity, occupancy, or intervention, and that possesses a significant
concentration, linkage, or continuity of areas of land use, vegetation, buildings and
structures, roads and waterways, and natural features. 7
Rural historic landscapes, like other potential National Register resources, must exhibit
historical significance under at least one of the National Register’s criteria. All in all, the
ranching and farming history of Panoche Valley does not appear to be significant in the greater
This evaluation utilized the US Department of the Interior, National Park Service’s Bulletin 30, Guidelines for
Evaluating and Documenting Rural Historic Landscapes (1999), 1-2, and passim, to determine the appropriate
historic context(s) and assess the potential significance of this rural historic landscape.
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context of San Benito County and the State of California (CRHR Criterion A or NRHP Criterion 1);
research did not reveal individuals responsible for the development of Panoche Valley to be
historically significant in their particular field of endeavor (Criterion B or 2); the built
environment, as a whole, does not demonstrate distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or
method of planning, construction or engineering, but rather simply fits the rural landscape
(Criterion C or 3); and Panoche Valley does not appear to be a likely principal source of
information important to history that is otherwise undocumented (Criterion D or 4). Panoche
Valley is simply a rural landscape similar to many in the coastal mountains of California, where
livestock formed the basis of the agricultural economy and settlement remained sparse.
Even if Panoche Valley had significance under the above criteria, it has not sufficiently retained
integrity to a discrete period of significance. National Register Bulletin 30 advises: “Recent
changes that have erased historic characteristics, and do not have exceptional importance,
make a property ineligible, even if scenic qualities are still present.” A number of ranch
complexes, the principal historic resource within the valley, have been completely or partially
demolished; within the project area there are two locations with standing ranch buildings
(Panoche-01 and -04). Neither complex has retained its integrity. Thus an accurate sense of
the old ranches is no longer expressed. A modern transmission line traverses the width of the
valley, and is one of the most prominent features of the built environment. While it has largely
retained its transportation pattern, based primarily on the public land survey’s boundaries, the
originally unimproved Panoche and Little Panoche Roads are now asphalt-paved.
4.2 Individual Resources / Complexes
JRP concludes that none of the individual resources appear to be significant within the context
of Panoche Valley, specifically in relation to the area’s agricultural (ranching and farming)
history, or the history of electrical transmission in California (CRHR Criterion A or NRHP
Criterion 1). Similarly, none of these resources appear to be associated with any historically
significant individuals within this context (Criterion B or 2). Furthermore, those resources that
are applicable do not demonstrate distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of
construction (Criterion C or 3). While indicative of general rural architectural and engineering
themes, the buildings, structures and objects are not significant examples of their respective
types. Rather, each illustrates common or standard design and construction practices reflective
of its particular period and means of construction. In rare instances buildings themselves can
serve as sources of important information about historic construction materials or
technologies, but these types of rural construction are otherwise well documented and the
buildings do not appear to be principal sources of information in this regard (Criterion D or 4).
Full inventory and evaluation documentation can be found on the attached DPR523 forms
located in Appendix B.
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May 2010
4.3 Buildings/Structures/Objects/Districts listed in or previously determined eligible for the
CRHR and/or NRHP:
None.
4.4 Buildings/Structures/Objects/Districts previously determined ineligible for the CRHR
and/or NRHP:
None.
4.5 Buildings/Structures/Objects/Districts determined eligible for NRHP and CRHR listing as
a result of current study:
None.
4.6 Buildings/Structures/Objects/Districts determined not eligible for NRHP and CRHR
listing as a result of current study:
Resource No./Name
Year Built
Use
OHP Status Code
Panoche Valley as a rural
historic landscape
n/a
Grazing / cropland
6Z
Panoche-01
Early 1900s
Ranch complex
6Z
Panoche-02
1938 (estimate)
Water diversion
6Z
Panoche-03
Between 1949 and 1967
Ranch features
6Z
Panoche-04
Ranch complex
6Z
Panoche-05
Electrical transmission
6Z
4.7 Buildings/Structures/Objects that are not historical resources under CEQA §15064.5
because they do not meet CRHR criteria outlined in PRC §5024.1:
Resource No./Name
Year Built
Use
OHP Status Code
Panoche Valley as a rural
historic landscape
n/a
Grazing / cropland
6Z
Panoche-01
Early 1900s
Ranch complex
6Z
Panoche-02
1938 (estimate)
Water diversion
6Z
Panoche-03
Ranch features
6Z
Panoche-04
Ranch complex
6Z
Panoche-05
Electrical transmission
6Z
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REFERENCES
Barrows, Henry D. and Luther A. Ingersoll. A Memorial and Biographical History of the Coast
Counties of Central California. Chicago: Lewis Publishing Co., 1893.
Caltrans, General Guidelines for Identifying and Evaluation Historic Landscapes (1999)
“Desert Hills of the Panoche Valley.” Bureau of Land Management. http://www.blm.gov.
Frusetta, Peter C. Quicksilver Country: California’s New Idra Mining District. Peter Frusetta,
1991.
Iddings, R. (ed.). The New Idria Story: Told as it Happened. Santa Cruz, CA: Three Rocks
Research, 2008.
San Benito County assessors’ records.
“San Benito County Edition De Luxe.” Supplementary to the Evening Free Lance and Weekly
Free Lance, May 1916.
San Benito County Map, 1907
US Department of Agriculture and Soil Conservation Service. Aerial photographs of San Benito
County, 1939, 1949, 1967 and 1980.
US Bureau of Land Management, Patent Records, available at www.glorecords.blm.gov/patentSearch/
US Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Bulletin 30, Guidelines for Evaluating and
Documenting Rural Historic Landscapes, 1999.
US Geological Survey, Panoche 30’ Topographic Map 1913.
___________, Panoche, CA USGS 7.5’ Quadrangle 1969.
___________, Llanada, CA USGS 7.5’ Quadrangle 1969.
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PREPARERS’ QUALIFICATIONS
This HRIER was conducted under the general direction of Rand F. Herbert (M.A.T., History,
University of California – Davis), a founding partner of JRP with more than 30 years of
experience conducting these types of studies. Mr. Herbert provided project guidance,
undertook fieldwork and research, and reviewed and edited this report. Based on his level of
experience and education, Mr. Herbert qualifies as both an architectural historian and historian
under the Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualification Standards (as defined in 36 CFR
Part 61).
JRP staff Greg Rainka (M.S., Historic Preservation, The School of the Art Institute of Chicago)
performed fieldwork and research, and drafted this report and the DPR 523 forms. Mr. Rainka
qualifies as an architectural historian under the Secretary of the Interior’s Professional
Qualification Standards (as defined in 36 CFR Part 61).
15
APPENDIX A
________________________
Figures
May 2010
APPENDIX B
________________________
DPR 523 Forms
May 2010
State of California – The Resources Agency
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION
PRIMARY RECORD
Page
1
of
Primary # _____________________________________
HRI # ________________________________________
Trinomial _____________________________________
NRHP Status Code
Other Listings _______________________________________________________________
Review Code __________ Reviewer ____________________________ Date ___________
*Resource Name or #
13
P1. Other Identifier:
*P2. Location:  Not for Publication  Unrestricted
and (P2b and P2c or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.)
*b. USGS 7.5’ Quad
Panoche
Date
1969
c. Address
d. UTM: Zone
*a. County
Panoche-01
San Benito
T 15S; R
City
10E; SE ¼ of Sec 15; MD B.M.
Panoche, CA Zip 95043
_____; ______________mE/ _____________mN
e. Other Locational Data:
Assessor Parcel Number: 027-290-002
*P3a. Description:
The southern portion of this 315-acre rectangular parcel, adjacent to Yturiarte Road, contains the remains of a
small storage building and concrete walls of a larger building, possibly a barn. The building is of wood frame
construction, has vertical wood board walls, and is raised on cross-braced stilts (Photographs 1, 5 and 6). The
gable roof is currently without sheathing material. A full-width deck / platform extends from the north side of the
structure. The concrete remains are located about thirty yards east of this building, and consist of the north and
south (shorter) walls of a former 60’ x 100’ building (Photographs 2 and 3). There is also a concrete trough just
northwest of the storage building measuring fifteen feet long and three feet wide, and assorted chunks of concrete
scattered on the site (Photograph 4).
*P3b. Resource Attributes: HP4 – Ancillary building; HP33 – Farm/ranch
*P4. Resources Present:  Structure  Building  Object  Site  District  Element of District
P5a. Photo or Drawing (Photo required for buildings, structures, and objects.)
 Other (Isolates, etc.)
P5b. Description of Photo:
Photograph 1.
Storage building, camera facing
southwest.
*P6. Date Constructed/Age and Sources:
 Historic  Prehistoric  Both
Early 1900s (historic maps and aerial
photographs)
*P7. Owner and Address:
Yturriarte Ranch, LLC
26565 Panoche Rd.
Paicines, CA 95043
*P8. Recorded by:
Greg Rainka & Rand Herbert
Davis, CA 95618
*P9. Date Recorded: May
*P10.
*P11. Report Citation: (Cite survey report and other sources, or enter “none.”)
7, 2009
Survey Type: Intensive
JRP Historical Consulting LLC, “Panoche Valley Solar
Farm Project,” 2010.
*Attachments:  None  Location Map  Sketch Map  Continuation Sheet  Building, Structure, and Object Record  Archaeological Record
 District Record  Linear Feature Record  Milling Station Record  Rock Art Record  Artifact Record  Photograph Record
 Other (list) __________________
DPR 523A (1/95)
*Required Information
BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD
Page
2
of
Primary # _____________________________________
HRI # ________________________________________
* NRHP Status Code 6Z
*Resource Name or # Panoche-01
13
B1. Historic Name:
B2. Common Name:
B3. Original Use: Storage
building and barn walls B4. Present Use: Not in use, located in fenced pasture
Rural vernacular
Construction History: Original cluster of buildings built before 1913.
*B5. Architectural Style:
*B6.
*B7. Moved?  No  Yes  Unknown Date:
*B8. Related Features:
B9. Architect: Unknown b. Builder: Unknown
*B10. Significance: Theme
Period of Significance
Area
n/a
n/a
Original Location:
Property Type
n/a
n/a
Applicable Criteria
n/a
This property does not appear to meet the criteria for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) or
the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR) because it does not appear to have historical significance
and lacks integrity to its period of construction. This property has also been evaluated in accordance with Section
15064.5(a)(2)-(3) of the CEQA Guidelines, using the criteria outlined in Section 5024.1 of the California Public
Resources Code, and does not appear to be a historical resource for the purposes of CEQA. (See Continuation
Sheet)
(Sketch Map with north arrow required.)
B11. Additional Resource Attributes:
*B12.
References: Peter C. Frusetta, Quicksilver Country:
California’s New Idra Mining District (Peter Frusetta, 1991); R.
Iddings, ed., The New Idria Story: Told as it happened (Santa
Cruz, CA: Three Rocks Research, 2008); “San Benito County
Edition De Luxe,” supplementary to the Evening Free Lance and
Weekly Free Lance, May 1916; “Desert Hills of the Panoche
Valley,” Bureau of Land Management, http://www.blm.gov;
Henry D. Barrows and Luther A. Ingersoll, A Memorial and
Biographical History of the Coast Counties of Central California
(Chicago: Lewis Publishing Co., 1893); USDA aerial photographs
of San Benito County, 1939, 1949, 1967 and 1980; USGS 7.5’
Quadrangle, Panoche, CA, 1969; USGS 7.5’ Quadrangle,
Llanada, CA, 1969; 1913 Panoche 30’ Topographic Map; 1907
San Benito County Map; also see footnotes.
See Continuation Sheet.
B13. Remarks:
*B14. Evaluator:
*Date of Evaluation:
May 2010
(This space reserved for official comments.)
DPR 523B (1/95)
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HRI # ________________________________________
CONTINUATION SHEET
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*Resource Name or #
13
*Recorded by
B10. Significance (continued):
____________________________________________
G. Rainka & R. Herbert *Date May 7, 2009 
Panoche-01
 Update
Continuation
San Benito County was established in 1874 from parts of the counties of Monterey, Merced and Fresno. It is
bounded on the south and west by a coastal mountain range known as the Gabilans, and on the east by Panoche
Valley and the Diablo Range. Panoche Valley was primordially the basin of a Pleistocene lake, and is the
namesake of a sugar-like substance extracted by Native Americans from a species of cane harvested there. San
Benito County is naturally drained by San Benito River, which runs northwesterly through the middle of the
county before its confluence with Pajaro River approximately 15 miles from the Monterey Bay. There are several
small tributaries of the San Benito, including Panoche Creek, which flows east, located within the study area of
this project (referenced in P11 of this form). 1
The earliest nonnative settlers of the San Benito County mountain ranges, foothills and valleys were Mexican
citizens. In 1844, Mexican Governor Manuel Micheltorena granted a 22,000 acre tract of land in this region, but
not in the study area for this project, called “Panoche de San Juan y los Carrisalitos” to Julian Ursua and Pedro
Romero. The rancho passed through a number of hands until the late 1870s, when Daniel Hernandez acquired the
land for use as a sheep range. Large numbers of European-Americans began settling in San Joaquin Valley in the
1860s, establishing large ranching enterprises from the Coast Range to Fresno City that covered tens of thousands
of acres. With the enactment of federal homestead laws, settlers began to obtain title to land in Panoche Valley on
a first-come, first-serve basis. Among this group were C.F. and William E. Keith, A.M. Thompson, W.L. Stowell
and Stephen H. Langford. Similar “squatters’ rights” were afforded to settlers of the valley during the following
decade. In the 1870s, Southern Pacific Railroad planned to build a line from Hollister to Huron through Panoche
Valley along the old stage route. Settlers (mostly alfalfa farmers) claimed portions of the railroad land with the
understanding that if construction failed (which it did), the land was returned to the government and they would
be allowed to homestead.
In 1887, Bernardo Yturiarte, of Basque descent, arrived in Panoche Valley to enter the sheep herding business.
He bought a small house, four feed troughs and a corral on land located within the study area for this project. By
1915, he had become one of the wealthiest ranchers in the county. In addition to being known as the “Sheep
King,” he was raising the largest flock of turkeys in the state, and his land was reported to have an annual yield of
4,000 sacks of “high-grade grain.” In 1897, Walter J. (W.J.) Curtner of San Jose acquired large holdings in the
lower and middle section of the valley, also located in this project’s study area. Pete Bourdet and Bernardo Rey
rented the Curtner ranch for many years, where they ran several bands of sheep. 2
The valley’s first saloon-store was opened at Panoche Station in 1871 by Augustus Snyder at the western end of
the valley on the road to Paicines. The German storekeeper sold the business in 1874 to Isaac Myer, for whom
Myer Peak on the valley’s western horizon was named. In 1891, Panoche Station was renamed Llanada (derived
from the Spanish noun llanada, meaning a level plain) and Panoche was officially transferred to a saloon, hall and
store a few miles to the east near the home of George Berg. George and his brother, Dan, came to Panoche from
Merced County in the late 1880s as investors in the mineral development of the area. As the valley developed
during the first half of the twentieth century, two additional saloon-stores opened – one on Tom Norton’s ranch in
1
“Desert Hills of the Panoche Valley,” Bureau of Land Management, http://www.blm.gov; Henry D. Barrows and Luther A. Ingersoll, A
Memorial and Biographical History of the Coast Counties of Central California (Chicago: Lewis Publishing Co., 1893).
2
Peter C. Frusetta, Quicksilver Country: California’s New Idra Mining District (Peter Frusetta, 1991)10-27; “Desert Hills of the
Panoche Valley”; “San Benito County Edition De Luxe,” supplementary to the Evening Free Lance and Weekly Free Lance, May 1916.
DPR 523L (1/95)
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13
*Recorded by
Panoche-01
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Continuation
the 1930s one mile north of Panoche School, and the other on the northwest side of the valley in the 1940s by
George and Ruth “Cuca” Valdez. 3
Panoche School was originally located about one mile northwest of its current location. It was relocated in 1880.
Panoche’s post office was established at Panoche Station in 1870 in what was then Fresno County. The office’s
name was changed to Llanada in 1891 when Panoche was moved. The new village of Panoche also had a post
office, in addition to being the access point to the telephone system of that section of the county (which was
owned by Berg). 4
In 1913, 1600 acres of Curtner’s land in the center of the floor of the valley were purchased by W.W. Giddings, a
banker from Stanislaus County, to be used as stock range. It was noted in the Evening Free Lance, a San Benito
County newspaper, that “two fine wells and two windmills furnish an abundance of water for the cattle and sheep
now pastured there and make a supply available for irrigation purposes whenever the owners may decide to
cultivate the land.” Mr. Giddings stated that he purchased the property because of the valuable assets of Panoche
Valley, namely its fertile land and the big stream of water carried by Panoche Creek. Owing to these facts,
Panoche Valley has always been sparsely inhabited with few buildings. Since the mid-1800s, the land has been
used exclusively for cattle, sheep and horse grazing and associated cultivation of forage crops, primarily alfalfa.
According to historic maps and aerial photographs of the area dating from throughout the twentieth century, early
landowners established clusters of buildings and structures related to their ranching or farming operations. Each
cluster (there were less than ten total in the valley) had a stand of trees, and may have included residences, barns,
sheds, water tanks, wells, shelters, corrals, troughs, etc. A number of buildings and structures have been
demolished over the years, and though some have been replaced, few (if any) new clusters have formed since the
early 1900s. Panoche Valley is inherently undeveloped. Most often, ranchers placed their herds here for a certain
period of time until it was decided (by them or the seasons) to move them elsewhere. They generally did not
reside in the valley, which helps explain the scanty residential and commercial development. 5
Development of the Subject Property
A cluster of buildings and structures formed on Yturiarte Road before 1913 on land owned by W.J. Curtner
(Figure 1). A 1939 aerial photograph of Panoche Valley shows a number of structures at this site, which may
have included the small storage building and other, now demolished larger building described in this form (Figure
2). The cluster appears generally unchanged in 1949 and 1967 aerial photographs (Figures 3 and 4). A 1980
aerial photograph, however, shows the cluster at half its previous size, perhaps marking a recent change in
property ownership (Figure 5). This includes the absence of the larger building, two concrete walls of which
currently remain. Figure 6 is a recent aerial photograph of the property.
3
Peter C. Frusetta, Quicksilver Country; “San Benito County Edition De Luxe”; R. Iddings, ed., The New Idria Story: Told as it
happened (Santa Cruz, CA: Three Rocks Research, 2008).
4
Peter C. Frusetta, Quicksilver Country.
5
happened (Santa Cruz, CA: Three Rocks Research, 2008); USDA aerial photographs of San Benito County, 1939, 1949, 1967 and 1980;
USGS 7.5’ Quadrangle, Panoche, CA, 1969; USGS 7.5’ Quadrangle, Llanada, CA, 1969; 1913 Panoche 30’ Topographic Map.
DPR 523L (1/95)
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HRI # ________________________________________
CONTINUATION SHEET
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*Recorded by
Panoche-01
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Figure 1: 1913 Panoche 30’ Topographic Map.
Figure 2: 1939 USDA aerial photograph.
DPR 523L (1/95)
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*Recorded by
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DPR 523L (1/95)
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*Recorded by
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Figure 5: 1980 aerial photograph.
Figure 6: Storage building on the left, two parallel concrete walls of larger structure on right; ca. 2005 (Google Maps).
DPR 523L (1/95)
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HRI # ________________________________________
CONTINUATION SHEET
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*Recorded by
Panoche-01
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Evaluation
Under Criterion 1 or A, this property does not appear to be significant for its association with the development of
Panoche Valley, specifically in relation to the area’s ranches. Research did not reveal a direct relationship
between this property and historically significant events. It is one of many ranches to have existed throughout the
valley.
A property is not eligible under Criterion 2 or B if its only justification for significance is that it was owned or
used by a person important to history. This property does not specifically illustrate the significance of early
Panoche Valley land owner and rancher Walter J. Curtner. In addition, it does not appear that the subsequent
owners of this property made demonstrably important contributions to history at the local, state, or national level.
Each owner of this property is simply one of many having a history of ranching in the area, and his or her
contribution alone is not significant.
Under Criterion 3 or C, this property does not appear to embody distinctive architectural characteristics of a type,
period, or method of construction, nor does it appear to be the work of a master. The one remaining building is an
ordinary example of an early rural vernacular style.
Lastly, this property does not appear to be a source (or likely source) of important information regarding history,
and is therefore ineligible under Criterion 4 or D. It does not appear to have any likelihood of yielding important
information about historic construction materials or technologies.
Even if the complex had significance under the above criteria, overall this property has not sufficiently retained
integrity. Only one building remains of the historic cluster of structures related to the operation of the Curtner
ranch; the other buildings of the complex have been demolished.
DPR 523L (1/95)
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HRI # ________________________________________
CONTINUATION SHEET
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*Recorded by
Photographs (cont):
____________________________________________
Panoche-01
 Update
Continuation
Photograph 2: Concrete wall on south side, camera facing east.
Photograph 3: Concrete wall, north side, camera facing west.
DPR 523L (1/95)
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HRI # ________________________________________
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13
*Recorded by
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Photograph 4: Concrete trough, camera facing southwest.
Photograph 5: Detail of storage building. Fallen roof truss; note chute in wall
behind truss member. Camera facing south.
DPR 523L (1/95)
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HRI # ________________________________________
CONTINUATION SHEET
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13
*Recorded by
Panoche-01
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Photograph 6: Detail of storage building loading deck and foundation.
Camera facing southwest
DPR 523L (1/95)
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*Resource Name or #
13
*Recorded by
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Location Map:
DPR 523L (1/95)
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HRI # ________________________________________
CONTINUATION SHEET
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*Recorded by
Sketch Map:
DPR 523L (1/95)
____________________________________________
Panoche-01
 Update
Continuation
PRIMARY RECORD
Page
1
of
Primary # _____________________________________
HRI # ________________________________________
Trinomial _____________________________________
NRHP Status Code
Other Listings _______________________________________________________________
*Resource Name or #
10
Llanada
Date
1969
c. Address
d. UTM: Zone
*a. County
Panoche-02
San Benito
T 15S; R
City
10E; SW ¼ of Sec 16; MD B.M.
_____; ______________mE/ _____________mN
*P3a. Description:
The southwest corner of this 630-acre rectangular parcel, west of the intersection of Yturiarte and Little Panoche
Roads, contains a concrete water control structure on the right bank of Panoche Creek (Photographs 1, 2 and 3).
It is comprised to two intersecting concrete walls, the taller of the two running in a northeast-southwest direction,
and the lower, to the west, running in an east-west direction. At the intersection of the two walls is a wheel-lift
slide gate, heavily obscured by silt. At the easternmost point of the approximately 45-foot long taller wall is a
surge relief pipe. The lower wall, approximately 55 feet in length, features an opening with metal slots to hold
water control boards. The walls are constructed of board-formed concrete, approximately one foot wide and
varying from two to eight feet in height. The structure does not block the flow of the creek nor store water behind
it.
*P3b. Resource Attributes: HP11 – Engineering structure
*P4. Resources Present:  Structure  Building  Object  Site
 District  Element of District  Other (Isolates, etc.)
Photograph 1:
Camera facing southwest, flow of
water is from right to left
1938 (estimate based on date stamped
on
similar
structure
located
downstream)
Yturriarte Ranch, LLC
26565 Panoche Rd.
Paicines, CA 95043
*P8. Recorded by:
Davis, CA 95618
*P10.
7, 2009
 Other (list) __________________
DPR 523A (1/95)
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10
B1. Historic Name:
B2. Common Name:
B3. Original Use:
B4. Present Use:
n/a
Construction History: Built by 1939.
*B6.
Property Type
Original Location:
Area
Applicable Criteria
This structure does not appear to meet the criteria for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) or
the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR) because it does not appear to have historical significance.
It has also been evaluated in accordance with Section 15064.5(a)(2)-(3) of the CEQA Guidelines, using the
criteria outlined in Section 5024.1 of the California Public Resources Code, and does not appear to be a historical
resource for the purposes of CEQA. (See Continuation Sheet)
*B12.
B13. Remarks:
*B14. Evaluator:
May 2010
DPR 523B (1/95)
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HRI # ________________________________________
CONTINUATION SHEET
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10
*Recorded by
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Panoche-02
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1
2
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10
*Recorded by
Panoche-02
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Continuation
owned by Berg). 4
Development of the Subject Resource
This water diversion structure appears to be present in a 1939 aerial photograph (Figure 1). Subsequent aerial
views of the Panoche Creek at this point are provided in Figures 2 through 5. A similar structure, a concrete wall
with surge pipe, marked with a 1938 date is located approximately one mile downstream (to the northeast),
recorded as ISO-13.
3
4
5
DPR 523L (1/95)
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HRI # ________________________________________
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10
*Recorded by
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DPR 523L (1/95)
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*Recorded by
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Figure 3: 1967 USADA aerial photograph.
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*Recorded by
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Figure 5: Ca. 2005 aerial photograph (Google Maps).
Evaluation
Under Criterion 1 or A, this structure does not appear to be significant for its association with the development of
Panoche Valley, specifically in relation to Panoche Creek and the developed means of water conveyance in the
area. Research did not reveal a direct relationship between this structure and historically significant events. It
simply serves to divert water from the creek for localized irrigation purposes.
Under Criterion 2 or B, this structure does not appear to be significant for its association with the lives of persons
important to history. This structure was constructed for private use to move water from Panoche Creek to this
property. Research did not reveal that owners of this land made demonstrably important contributions to history
at the local, state, or national level. Each owner of this property is simply one of many having a history of
ranching and / or farming in the area, and his or her contribution alone is not significant.
Under Criterion 3 or C, this property does not appear to be significant for possessing distinctive characteristics of
construction, engineering, or high artistic value. It was simply constructed, and exhibits minimal, functional
design characteristics. A similar structure exists approximately one mile downstream. Moreover, simple concrete
diversion structures are common throughout California. Nothing about this structure suggests that it surmounted
substantial engineering obstacles or required extraordinary methods of construction.
Lastly, this structure does not appear to be a source (or likely source) of important information regarding history,
DPR 523L (1/95)
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HRI # ________________________________________
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Photographs (cont):
Panoche-02
 Update
Continuation
Photograph 2: Detail of slide gate. Camera facing east.
Photograph 3: Structure at Panoche-02. Note surge pipe at end of tall wall.
Camera facing east, downstream.
DPR 523L (1/95)
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10
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Location Map:
DPR 523L (1/95)
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10
*Recorded by
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Sketch Map:
DPR 523L (1/95)
PRIMARY RECORD
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Trinomial _____________________________________
NRHP Status Code
Other Listings _______________________________________________________________
*Resource Name or #
11
c. Address
d. UTM: Zone
Panoche Date 1969 T 15S; R 10E; SW
n/a
City Panoche, CA Zip 95043
*a. County
¼ of Sec
Panoche-03
San Benito
13; MD B.M.
_____; ______________mE/ _____________mN
*P3a. Description:
The southwest corner of this 160-acre square parcel, adjacent to Yturiarte Road, contains wood post and rail
fences of a former corral, as well as troughs and a modern water tank (Photographs 1, 2 and 3).
*P3b. Resource Attributes: HP33 – Farm/ranch; AH2 – Foundations; AH5 – Wells
*P4. Resources Present:  Structure  Building  Object  Site  District  Element of District
 Other (Isolates, etc.)
Photograph 1:
Corral fencing, camera facing northeast.
Fencing erected between 1949 and 1967
(aerial photographs)
Philip N. Stadtler, Ltd. Fam. Part.
25755 American Ave.
Hilmar, CA 95324
*P8. Recorded by:
Davis, CA 95618
*P10.
7, 2009
 Other (list) __________________
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11
B1. Historic Name:
B2. Common Name:
B3. Original Use: Ranch
B4. Present Use: Ranch
n/a
History: Land first built upon prior to 1913; fencing appears to have been constructed between 1949 and
*B6. Construction
1967.
Property Type
Original Location:
Area
Applicable Criteria
Sheet)
*B12.
B13. Remarks:
*B14. Evaluator:
May 2010
DPR 523B (1/95)
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*Recorded by
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1
2
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*Recorded by
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owned by Berg). 4
Building first occurred at this site before 1913 on land owned by Charles J. Strohn, a prominent Panoche Valley
rancher at the time (Figure 1). Members of the Strohn family still reside in the valley today. A 1939 aerial
photograph of the valley shows a single structure, which does not appear to be present today (Figure 2). A 1949
aerial photograph is inconclusive, but a 1967 aerial photograph shows a small collection of structures or objects
(perhaps troughs and a well) and fencing at the southwest corner of the property (Figures 3 and 4). The site
appears generally unchanged in a 1980 aerial photograph (Figure 5). Figure 6 is a recent aerial photograph of the
property.
3
4
5
DPR 523L (1/95)
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*Recorded by
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Figure 2: 1939 USDA aerial photograph, subject resource at center.
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DPR 523L (1/95)
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Figure 6: Ca. 2005 aerial photograph (Google Maps).
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Evaluation
between this property and historically significant events. It is one of many such ranching features to have existed
throughout the valley.
Panoche Valley landowner and rancher Charles J. Strohn. In addition, it does not appear that the subsequent
owners of this property made demonstrably important contributions to history at the local, state, or national level.
Each owner of this property is simply one of many having a history of ranching in the area, and his or her
contribution alone is not significant.
period, or method of construction, nor does it appear to be the work of a master. The only remaining historic
structure is a wood post and rail fence, which is of standard construction for its type.
Lastly, this property does not appear to be a source (or likely source) of important information regarding history,
Photographs (cont):
Photograph 2: Corrals with tanks in background; camera facing northeast.
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Photograph 3: View of modern water tank, camera facing east-northeast.
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Sketch Map:
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NRHP Status Code
Other Listings _______________________________________________________________
*Resource Name or #
14
c. Address
d. UTM: Zone
Panoche Date 1969 T 15S; R 10E; NE
n/a
City Panoche, CA Zip 95043
*a. County
¼ of Sec
Panoche-04
San Benito
15; MD B.M.
_____; ______________mE/ _____________mN
*P3a. Description:
The southern portion of this 480-acre rectangular parcel is fenced and contains a wood frame building, modern shop
building, corrugated metal shed, corrals, water tank, and scattered farm debris. The building is a combination tankhouse and
residence (Photograph 1). On the whole, the structure has wood lap siding and wood-framed window and door openings,
which are either boarded or empty. The building’s square plan is divided into four equal parts. The southeast quarter of the
building consists of the tankhouse. It is two stories in height, and has a pyramidal wood-shingled roof with exposed rafter
tails. The remainder of the building is one story with a hipped wood shingle roof, and wraps the north and west sides of the
tankhouse. The southwest quarter is an enclosed room, while both north quarters make up a recessed porch that was once
screened (Photograph 3). The remains of a slide from a tankhouse window are present on the north slope of the lower roof
(Photograph 4). Wood post and rail fencing extends from both of the building’s north corners. Just east of the building is a
small corrugated metal shed (Photograph 5). A modern, corrugated metal shop building and water tank are located fifty
feet south of the building (Photograph 6).
*P3b. Resource Attributes: HP4 – Ancillary building; HP33 – Farm/ranch
*P4. Resources Present:
 Structure  Building  Object  Site  District  Element of District  Other (Isolates, etc.)
Photograph 1.
Main building, camera facing east
Between 1949 and 1958 (aerial
photographs and San Benito County
tax assessor’s records)
Juana A. Hill
1841 Cienega Rd.
Hollister, CA 95023
*P8. Recorded by:
Davis, CA 95618
*P10.
7, 2009
 Other (list) __________________
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B1. Historic Name:
B2. Common Name:
B3. Original Use: Residence/farm-ranch
complex B4. Present Use: Not in use
Rural vernacular
Construction History: Built between 1949 and 1958.
*B6.
Property Type
Original Location:
Area
Applicable Criteria
Sheet)
*B12.
Llanada, CA, 1969; 1913 Panoche 30’ Topographic Map; San
Benito County Assessor records; 1907 San Benito County Map;
also see footnotes.
B13. Remarks:
*B14. Evaluator:
May 2010
DPR 523B (1/95)
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2
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owned by Berg). 4
A cluster of buildings and structures formed at the end of a dirt road east of Little Panoche Road before 1913 on
land owned by early Panoche Valley rancher W.J. Coleman (Figure 1). The San Benito County assessor’s
appraisal record for this property lists a barn and two storage structures built prior to 1915. These structures are
present in a 1939 aerial photograph (Figure 2). A water tank appears in a 1949 aerial photograph (Figure 3),
which the tankhouse / residence described in P3a of this form was built around between then and 1958, when this
property was first appraised. It was noted by the property appraiser in 1973 that the house “has not been occupied
for several years.” Figures 4 and 5 are photographs of the property taken that year by the county. The owner or
tenant of the property in 1977 was using the tankhouse / residence for storage. The entire cluster appears to have
remained generally unchanged until 1984 (Figures 6 and 7), when, according to the assessor’s records, the
original barn and storage structures were demolished and the prefab shop building was erected. Most recently, a
3
4
5
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small secondary structure was removed that was present in an aerial photograph of the property taken within the
last few years (Figure 8).
Figure 2: 1939 USDA aerial photograph, subject resources at center.
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Figure 4: 1973 photograph of tankhouse / residence (San Benito County Assessor).
The small shed roof element has been removed.
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Figure 5: 1973 photograph of property (San Benito County Assessor).
The structures at the right and left have been removed.
Figure 6: 1967 USDA aerial photograph, subject resources at center.
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Figure 8: Complex ca. 2005 (Google Maps). The structure on the left side of the enclosure has been removed.
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Evaluation
between this property and historically significant events. It is one of several ranch complexes to have existed
throughout the valley.
Panoche Valley landowner and rancher W.J. Coleman. In addition, it does not appear that the subsequent owners
of this property made demonstrably important contributions to history at the local, state, or national level. Each
owner of this property is simply one of many having a history of ranching in the area, and his or her contribution
alone is not significant.
period, or method of construction, nor does it appear to be the work of a master. The combination tankhouse /
residence architectural type can be found elsewhere in the valley, specifically on three properties in the immediate
vicinity of this ranch. On the whole, this building design should be considered ordinary and representative of a
rural vernacular style.
This property does not appear to be a source (or likely source) of important information regarding history, and is
therefore ineligible under Criterion 4 or D. It does not appear to have any likelihood of yielding important
Overall, this property has not sufficiently retained integrity. A majority of historic structures have been
demolished and an accurate sense of the old ranch simply is no longer expressed. In addition, a shed extension
present in a 1973 photograph on the south side of the tankhouse / residence has been removed.
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Continuation
Photograph 2: Panoche-04 complex showing main building and its relationship to outbuildings, camera facing north.
Photograph 3: Main building, camera facing south.
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Photograph 4: Main building detail showing slide from upper storage, camera facing southwest.
Photograph 5: Shed and corral on east side of main building, camera facing west.
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Photograph 6: 1983 Shed with watertank in background, camera facing northeast.
Photograph 7: Corral and cattle loader, camera facing northeast.
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Location Map:
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Sketch Map:
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PRIMARY RECORD
Trinomial _____________________________________
NRHP Status Code
6Z
Other Listings _______________________________________________________________
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*Resource Name or #
6
P1. Other Identifier: PG&E
*b. USGS 7.5’ Quad Mercy Hot Springs, CA Date 1969 T
c. Address
_____________
Panoche-05
Transmission Lines and Towers
City
30S;
*a. County
R
Kern
25E; SE ¼ of Sec 6; M.D.B.M.
d. UTM: (give more than one for large and/or linear resources) Zone _____;
______________mE/
e. Other Locational Data: (e.g., parcel #, directions to resource, elevation, etc., as appropriate)
_____________mN
Convergence of lines east of Elk Valley Road approximately one quarter-mile south of Stockdale Highway
*P3a. Description: (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries)
A set of Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) transmission lines travel northwest and southwest across Little Panoche
Road approximately one mile north of its intersection with Yturiarte Road. The lines are suspended on threearmed lattice towers with battered four-legged bases (Photograph 1).
*P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) (HP11) Engineering structure
*P4. Resources Present:  Structure  Building  Object  Site  District  Element of District  Other (Isolates, etc.)
P5b. Description of Photo: (View, date,
P5a. Photo of Drawing (Photo required for buildings, structures, and objects.)
accession #) Photograph 1: PG&E
lines
and towers, facing southeast from
Little Panoche Rd.
* P6. Date Constructed/Age and Sources:
Between 1950
photographs)
and
1967
(aerial
PG&E
*P8. Recorded by:
Davis, CA 95618
7, 2010
*P10. Survey Type: (Describe)
Intensive
*Attachments:  None  Location Map Sketch Map Continuation Sheet  Building, Structure, and Object Record  Archaeological Record
 Other (list) __________________
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*NRHP Status Code 6Z
6
*Resource Name or #
B1. Historic Name:
B2. Common Name:
Panoche-05
_____________
Electrical transmission B4. Present Use: Electrical transmission
Architectural Style: Utilitarian
Construction History: Built between 1950 and 1967.
B3. Original Use:
*B5.
*B6.
*B7. Moved?
 No  Yes  Unknown Date:
Original Location:
_____________
B9. Architect: PG&E b. Builder: PG&E
n/a
n/a
Area
Property Type
n/a
n/a
Applicable Criteria
n/a
These transmission lines and towers do not appear to meet the criteria for listing in the National Register of
Historic Places (NRHP) or the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR) because they do not appear to
have historical significance. They have also been evaluated in accordance with Section 15064.5(a)(2)-(3) of the
CEQA Guidelines, using the criteria outlined in Section 5024.1 of the California Public Resources Code, and do
not appear to be historical resources for the purposes of CEQA. (See Continuation Sheet)
*B12. References:
William A. Myers, Iron Men and
Copper Wires: A Centennial History of the Southern
California Edison Company (Glendale, California: TransAnglo Books, 1983); Hall Fowler, Hydroelectric Power
Systems of California and Their Extensions into Oregon and
Nevada (Washington DC: Government Printing Office,
1923); Charles M. Coleman, PG&E of California: The
Centennial Story of Pacific Gas and Electric Company
1852-1952 (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc.,
1953) USGS 7.5’ Quadrangle, Mercey Hot Springs, CA,
1969; USDA Aerial Photographs of San Benito County,
1949 (BUX-5F-133), 1967 (BUX-2HH-173); also see
footnotes.
B13. Remarks:
*B14. Evaluator:
Greg Rainka
May 2010
DPR 523B (1/95)
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*Recorded by
G. Rainka & R. Herbert
*Date
May 7, 2010 
Panoche-05
Continuation
 Update
The development of long distance transmission lines in California was an evolutionary process that dates to 1879,
the year in which California Electric Light Company began operation. This San Francisco-based company
generated electricity, and distributed it to local subscribers from a central station. During the 1880s the use of
electricity in California became increasingly widespread, and local electric companies began to spring up in cities
throughout the state. These early power plants, which used low-voltage direct current (D.C.) dynamos, could only
transmit electricity about three miles. Only urban areas with concentrated populations could be economically
served with a local electrical generating plant. The first important technological advancement that would allow
the transmission of electricity over greater distances was the development of the alternating current (A.C.) system,
which could produce higher voltages than the D.C. system. By 1890, this pioneering technology invented by
Nikolas Tesla was put to use in a limited capacity in power plants in four California cities: Santa Barbara,
Highgrove, Visalia, and Pasadena. 1
Although the A.C. system was a promising development, it did not catch on immediately, primarily because the
D.C. system was already in place in most of the existing power stations. Pioneering developments at the Pomona
Plant of the San Antonio Light & Power Company, however, greatly helped to advance the electric industry in
California. In 1892, this was the first hydroelectric facility in California to use “step-up” A.C. transformers, in
which the generator potential of 1,000 volts was increased to 10,000 volts for transmission. On November 28,
1892, San Antonio Light & Power began delivery of 10,000 volts of electricity from its plant at San Antonio
Canyon to Pomona, a distance of 14 miles. A month later service was extended to San Bernardino, roughly
doubling the length of the line. 2 Over the next decade, technological and engineering advancements made it
possible for power companies to transport electricity in increasing amounts over ever-longer distances. In 1899,
the Edison Electric Company built an 83-mile transmission line between its power plant on the upper Santa Ana
River and Los Angeles. By far the longest in the world at the time, this engineering feat was made possible by the
development of glazed porcelain insulators capable of handling 40,000 volts. 3 In 1901, Bay Counties Power
Company completed a transmission line 142 miles in length that brought hydroelectric power from the Colgate
Powerhouse in the Sierra Nevada near Grass Valley to Oakland. The line consisted of two parallel rows of cedar
poles carrying copper and aluminum wires. In addition to its length, this line was impressive because of its 4,427foot crossing of the Carquinez Straits. John Debo Galloway was the construction engineer for the project and is
credited with directing the design and construction of the cable span, the longest in the world at that time. The
Colgate-Oakland line also marked the first time electrical power produced in the Sierra crossed the rugged
mountain terrain and the wide Sacramento Valley to be utilized by residents of the Bay Area. 4
The first decade of the 20th century ushered in a period of marked growth in the hydroelectric industry. Between
1900 and 1910 the population of California increased by 60 percent, and with it came an increased demand for
electric power. 5 Dozens of hydroelectric companies formed throughout California, each building networks of
long-distance transmission lines to service new and growing markets. By 1902, the Bay Counties Power
1
William A. Myers, Iron Men and Copper Wires: A Centennial History of the Southern California Edison Company (Glendale,
California: Trans-Anglo Books, 1983).
2
Fredrick Hall Fowler, Hydroelectric Power Systems of California and Their Extensions into Oregon and Nevada (Washington DC:
Government Printing Office, 1923), 1; Myers, Iron Men and Copper Wires, 24-31.
3
Myers, Iron Men and Copper Wires, 39.
4
Charles M. Coleman, PG&E of California: The Centennial Story of Pacific Gas and Electric Company 1852-1952 (New York:
McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc., 1953), 146-148.
5
Coleman, PG&E of California, 257.
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 Update
Company and the Standard Electric Company had a network of transmission lines in place that provided coverage
to much of the Bay Area, as well as communities such as Marysville, Stockton, and Amador City. In 1907,
California Gas & Electric (CG&E) purchased the lines of these two companies, as well as other smaller Northern
California operations, to augment its existing system. The transmission lines of this consolidated system reached
from Chico to the north to San Jose to the south, serving dozens of communities in between. 6
In 1907, Edison Electric completed its Kern River No. 1 hydroelectric plant in Kern Canyon. This 118-mile long
transmission line delivered power to Los Angeles, carrying a 75,000-volt line, and was the first line to use entirely
steel towers. The Wind Engine Company, a windmill manufacturer, supplied the towers. 7 In 1908, the Great
Western Power Company completed its hydroelectric plant at Big Bend on the Feather River, and by January
1909 began sending electrical power to the Bay Area via its 165-mile stretch of transmission lines. 8 By the spring
of 1909, the major hydroelectric companies of Northern California, including CG&E, Stanislaus Electric Power
Company, Great Western Power Company, and the American River Power Company, had a network of longdistance transmission lines in place that criss-crossed the state. 9 In subsequent decades, power companies
throughout California, led by major companies such as PG&E and the Southern California Edison Company,
continued to expand and build upon the systems that had been founded in the decades surrounding the turn of the
century.
Development of the Subject Resources
These PG&E transmission lines and towers are not present in a 1949 aerial photograph of Panoche Valley. They
can be seen, however, in a 1967 aerial photograph. The 1969 USGS Mercey Hot Springs quadrangle confirms
their existence.
Evaluation
Under CRHR Criterion 1 or NRHP Criterion A, these PG&E transmission lines and towers do not appear to be
significant for their association with the development of electrical transmission in San Benito County or Panoche
Valley, specifically. These distribution lines were installed because of a general increase in need for electrical
power. They do not represent significant engineering achievement, nor are they directly related to a significant
precipitating event. Under Criterion 2 or B, these transmission lines and towers do not appear to be significant for
their association with the lives of persons important to history. They were constructed and are used by a large
electrical company, and cannot be attributed to a specific individual or group of individuals significant within that
context. Under Criterion 3 or C, these transmission lines and towers do not appear to be significant for possessing
distinctive characteristics of construction or high artistic value. The towers exhibit the typical PG&E design, were
ordered from their manufacturer and constructed in large quantities. These lines were not established to solve a
particular problem in power distribution, or to surmount a problem in electrical development at this location. In
6
Galloway and Markwart Consulting Engineers, “Map of Central California Showing Principal Power Plants and Transmission Lines.”
In: J.D. Galloway, “Report on the Stanislaus Electric Power Company on the Stanislaus River, California,” March 1909; Fowler,
Hydroelectric Power Systems of California, 273-274.
7
Myers, Iron Men and Copper Wires, 44-47.
8
Jackson Research Projects, “Great Western Power Company: Hydroelectric Power Development on the North Fork of the Feather
River, 1902-1930,” prepared for PG&E, 1986, 96, 102; Fowler, Hydroelectric Power Systems of California, 275.
9
Fowler, Hydroelectric Power Systems of California, 272-273.
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 Update
addition, they are not fifty years of age. Lastly, these transmission lines and towers do not appear to be a source
(or likely source) of important information regarding history, and are therefore ineligible under Criterion 4 or D.
Location Map:
`
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*Recorded by
*Date
May 7, 2010 
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Continuation
 Update
Sketch Map:
DPR 523L (1/95)

Historic Resources Inventory and Evaluation Report

Transcription

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