Industrial hemp

Co-workers
Jan Erik Mattsson
Sven-Erik-Svensson
Michael Finell
Emma Kreuger
Thomas Prade
Department of Biosystems and Technology
SLU Alnarp
SLU Alnarp
SLU Umeå
Lund University
Industrial hemp
- a high-yielding energy crop
St Petersburg, 24-26 April 2013
Thomas Prade | Department of Biosystems and Technology | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Department of Biosystems and Technology
2
Thomas Prade | Department of Biosystems and Technology | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
3
Lönnstorp Experimental Station
Foto: Pekka Kärppä, AB05
Thomas Prade | Department of Biosystems and Technology | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Energy crops
Swedish energy crops
• Rapeseed
• Cereals
• Sugar beets
• Ley crops
• SRC willow/poplar
• Reed canary grass
• Hemp
Thomas Prade | Department of Biosystems and Technology | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Uses of hemp
Hemp biomass
Stalks
Seeds
Whole-crop
Whole-crop
Whole-crop
Decortication
Processing
SSF
Thermal
conversion
Anaerobic
digestion
Oil
Fibres & hurds
Food
Feed
Cosmetics
Detergents
Building
material
Textiles
Fibre boards
Animal litter
Biodiesel
Bioethanol
Vehicle fuel
Vehicle fuel
Biogas
Heat and/or
power
Vehicle fuel
Thomas Prade | Department of Biosystems and Technology | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Biomass DM yield
Biomass yield
Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr
• Field trials 2007-2009
Thomas Prade | Department of Biosystems and Technology | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Biomass energy yield
[per hectare]
Methane yield
Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr
Methane energy yield
Thomas Prade | Department of Biosystems and Technology | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Solid fuel energy yield
[per hectare]
Biomass energy yield (based on HHV)
Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr
Combustion energy yield (based on LHV)
Thomas Prade | Department of Biosystems and Technology | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Biomass DM yield
Solid fuel properties
Medium to high risk
Low risk
Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr
Five field trials in southern (2007) and northern (2007-08) Sweden
Five varieties of industrial hemp
Indicators: Miles index (slagging), S:Cl ratio (corrosion)
Thomas Prade | Department of Biosystems and Technology | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Solid fuel properties
0.0
Straw / grass fuels
0.2
1.0
Hemp autumn
Hemp spring
SiO2
Coniferous wood
Forestry residues
Willow
0.8
Straw
Miscanthus
Reed canary grass
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.6
Hemp & woody fuels
0.2
0.8
K2O
1.0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.0
1.0
CaO
Solid fuel properties of hemp similar to those of woody fuels
Thomas Prade | Department of Biosystems and Technology | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
He
m
p,
H
(+ em
Re 30% p,
ed b ba
ca iom les
na a
ry ss
gr )
a
W W ss
oo il
d low
pe
lle
He
St ts
ra
m
w
p
(+
30
% H
bi em
om p
as
He s)
m
p
Ry
Ba e
Tr rley
it i
ca
He
M le
ai
m
ze
p
(+
30
% H
bi em
om p
as
W
he M s)
at a
( iz
Su gra e
ga ins
r )
Le be
y et
Le cro
y ps
cr
op
s
ba
le
s
-1
[GJ ha ]
200
RO/I
CHP from biogas
2,
6
2,
9
2,
5
2,
2
2,
3
1,
9
2,
6
CHP from biomass
1,
6
2,
0
1,
6
2,
7
2,
7
2,
4
2,
8
6,
8
8,
2
9,
0
11
,5
3,
1
4,
0
Net energy yield comparison
Vehicle fuel from biogas
150
100
50
0
Thomas Prade | Department of Biosystems and Technology | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
He
m
p,
H
(+ em
Re 30% p,
ed b ba
ca iom les
na a
ry ss
gr )
a
W W ss
oo il
d low
pe
lle
He
St ts
ra
m
w
p
(+
30
% H
bi em
om p
as
He s)
m
p
Ry
Ba e
Tr rley
it i
ca
He
M le
ai
m
ze
p
(+
30
% H
bi em
om p
as
W
he M s)
at a
( iz
Su gra e
ga ins
r )
Le be
y et
Le cro
y ps
cr
op
s
ba
le
s
-1
[GJ ha ]
200
RO/I
Electricity
frombiogas
biogas
CHP from
2,
6
2,
9
2,
5
2,
2
2,
3
1,
9
2,
6
CHP from biomass
1,
6
2,
0
1,
6
2,
7
2,
7
2,
4
2,
8
6,
8
8,
2
9,
0
11
,5
3,
1
4,
0
Net energy yield comparison
Vehicle fuel from biogas
150
100
50
0
Thomas Prade | Department of Biosystems and Technology | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
He
m
p,
H
(+ em
Re 30% p,
ed b ba
ca iom les
na a
ry ss
gr )
a
W W ss
oo il
d low
pe
lle
He
St ts
ra
m
w
p
(+
30
% H
bi em
om p
as
He s)
m
p
Ry
Ba e
Tr rley
it i
ca
He
M le
ai
m
ze
p
(+
30
% H
bi em
om p
as
W
he M s)
at a
( iz
Su gra e
ga ins
r )
Le be
y et
Le cro
y ps
cr
op
s
ba
le
s
-1
[GJ ha ]
200
RO/I
Electricity
frombiogas
biogas
CHP from
2,
6
2,
9
2,
5
2,
2
2,
3
1,
9
2,
6
CHP from biomass
1,
6
2,
0
1,
6
2,
7
2,
7
2,
4
2,
8
6,
8
8,
2
9,
0
11
,5
3,
1
4,
0
Net energy yield comparison
Vehicle fuel from biogas
150
100
50
0
Thomas Prade | Department of Biosystems and Technology | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Conclusions
Hemp has a high potential energy yield per hectare...
...which is similar or superior compared to most energy crops
cultivated in northern Europe
Autumn-harvested hemp has a specific methane yield…
…with large potential for improvements, e.g. by pretreatment of the
biomass
Spring-harvested hemp has above-average fuel properties…
…independent of variety and location
Thomas Prade | Department of Biosystems and Technology | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Conclusions
Industrial hemp...
...has good net energy yields in most applications
Other advantages of hemp are...
...low pesticide requirements
...good weed competition
...high suitability for crop rotations
Thomas Prade | Department of Biosystems and Technology | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Expertise
• Systems analysis
• Energy crops and agricultural residues
• Nutrient recycling
• Environmental gains and impacts
• Techno-economic assessments
• Food-feed-energy integration
• Hemp: harvest technology autumn/spring harvest
Thomas Prade | Department of Biosystems and Technology | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Thank you!
Thomas Prade | Department of Biosystems and Technology | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences