IEC 61140 – Protection against electric shock

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
IEC – International
Electrotechnical Commission
Jack Sheldon
IEC Standardization
Strategy Manager
© IEC:2007
Contents
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29/10/2012
The origins of the IEC
The IEC today
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Structure
Procedures
How standards are used
IEC 61140 – Protection against electric shock
Participation in the standards work
IEC Conformity Assessment Systems
Introduction to IEC
2
IEC 100 years ago
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29/10/2012
Founded in 1906 to promote international cooperation on all questions of standardization
and related matters in the field of
electrotechnology
Introduction to IEC
3
Where the IEC fits in
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World leading global organization –
recognized by the WTO
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Consensus-based International Standards
29/10/2012
Manages conformity assessment systems
Covers all electric and electronic products,
systems and services, collectively known as
electrotechnology
Introduction to IEC
4
St. Louis – September 15th 1904
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Introduction to IEC
5
Report from 1st meeting 1906
Lord Balfour – Introductory remarks
Rule 3 adopted 1906
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Introduction to IEC
6
The IEC in 1906
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First President: Lord Kelvin
Honorary Secretary: Colonel Crompton
Acting Secretary: Mr. le Maistre
Introduction to IEC
7
IEC standards in 1914
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Terms and definitions for electrical machinery
Letter symbols for quantities and units
Resistance of copper
Definitions for hydraulic turbines
Definitions and recommendations for rotating
machines and turbines
Introduction to IEC
8
IEC Committees in 1914
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Nomenclature
Symbols
Rating of Electrical Machinery
Prime Movers
Introduction to IEC
9
Contents
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29/10/2012
The origins of the IEC
The IEC today
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Structure
Procedures
How standards are used
IEC 61140 – Protection against electric shock
Participation in the standards work
IEC Conformity Assessment Systems
Introduction to IEC
10
IEC in numbers (end 2011)
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Number of TC/SCs
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Active projects
1 541
Publications
6 513
29/10/2012
Number of WG/PT/MTs
Number of experts
Publications in 2011
Average time to develop
publication
Introduction to IEC
174
1184
~ 12 500
446
34 months
11
Scope of the IEC
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IEC standards for safety
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Home appliances
Medical equipment …
Introduction to IEC
12
Scope of the IEC
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IEC standards for consumer electronics
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Audio
Video
Interconnectivity…
Introduction to IEC
13
Scope of the IEC
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IEC standards for our future
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Smart electrification
Renewable energies
Electric Vehicles …
Introduction to IEC
14
IEC mission
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Encourage national adoption of International
Standards
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Stimulate world trade and business by
ensuring technical and market relevance of its
products
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Make results applicable and available for
voluntary adoption world wide
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Set the framework for conformity assessment
in global markets
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Introduction to IEC
15
Structure of the IEC
IEC COUNCIL (C)
(Full Member National Committees)
COUNCIL BOARD (CB)
Management
Advisory
Committees
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE (EXCO)
(IEC Officers)
CENTRAL
OFFICE
(The Executive)
STANDARDIZATION
MANAGEMENT
BOARD (SMB)
MARKET
STRATEGY
BOARD (MSB)
CONFORMITY
ASSESSMENT
BOARD (CAB)
Management of
International Standards
work
Technology watch /
market priorities
Management of conformity
assessment activities and
systems
Technical Committees
Special Working
Groups
Strategic Groups
Working Groups
Systems
IECEE
Advisory Committees
IECEx
IECQ
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Introduction to IEC
16
Types of participation
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IEC is a voluntary association of National
Committees that fully represent
electrotechnical interests in their countries
 Government, industry, testing laboratories,
academia, consumer groups…
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Membership – one member per country
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Affiliate Country programme
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 Members
 Associate members
Introduction to IEC
17
National Committees – their role
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Support the use of IEC conformity assessment schemes
and standards within each nation and region, including
translation
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Coordinate each nation’s consensus viewpoint and
present in IEC via participation in the meetings
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International consensus standards development,
Conformity assessment scheme operations, and
IEC governance
Members may vote on all policy issues and technical
matters – one country, one vote
Introduction to IEC
18
Rights of IEC Participants
29/10/2012
Full Members
(NC) (60)
Associate
Members (22)
Affiliates
(82)
Authorized to participate
and submit votes on all
TC/SC and Council
documents
Authorized to participate and
submit votes / comments on
documents of 4 selected
TC/SCs
May not vote
Authorized to submit
comments on all TC/SC and
Council documents
Authorized to submit
comments only on TC/SC
documents but not on
Council documents
Authorized to submit
comments on the
documents of 10 selected
TC/SCs
FULLY PARTICIPATE IN
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDIZATION
ACTIVITIES
LIMITED
PARTICIPATION OF
COUNTRIES
RESTRICTED TYPE
OF PARTICIPATION
Introduction to IEC
19
IEC Membership – 82 members
Albania
Algeria
Argentina
Australia
Austria
Bahrain
Belarus
Belgium
Bosnia &
Herzegovina
Brazil
Bulgaria
Canada
Chile
China
Colombia
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Egypt
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Estonia
Finland
France
Georgia
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Korea (Republic of)
Latvia
Libya
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malaysia
Malta
Mexico
Moldova
Montenegro
Morocco
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nigeria
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Philippines, Rep. of
Poland
Portugal
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Saudi Arabia
Serbia
Introduction to IEC
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
Sweden
Switzerland
Thailand
The Former
Yugoslav Republic
of Macedonia
Tunisia
Turkey
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States of
America
Vietnam
AM = Associate member
20
Electric power consumption
World Bank Development Data 2008
29/10/2012
Introduction to IEC
21
IEC Offices
IEC-ReCNA
Boston
IEC CO
Geneva
IECQ-IECEx
Sydney
IEC-LARC
São Paulo
29/10/2012
IEC-APRC
Singapore
Introduction to IEC
22
IEC has an industry focus
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Industry driven organization
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90% of technical committees officers
Responds to industry needs in timely fashion
Focuses on market needs & industry
requirements
Introduction to IEC
23
IEC and other organizations – Liaisons
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International – ISO, ITU, ILO, WHO, IMO, OIML,
BIPM …
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Regional – CENELEC (Dresden agreement),
COPANT, AFSEC, ASEAN, Mercosur
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Other organizations – IEEE, CIE, CIGRE
Industrial associations – EACEM, DLNA,
PROFIBUS, WFUMB …
Currently 156 organizations in liaison
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Introduction to IEC
24
How IEC standards are developed
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Established standards development process
National Committees involved at each stage
Technical committees established for specific
fields of activity
Introduction to IEC
25
Standards development stages
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New Proposal (NP)
Working Draft (WD)
Committee Draft (CD)
Committee Draft for Vote (CDV)
Final Draft International Standard (FDIS)
International Standard (IS)
Introduction to IEC
26
Standards vs. product design
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Standards may be for products, services,
processes
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Good standards talk not about the “how”, but
about the desired result
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The standard specifies the performance,
safety, external characteristics, ...
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There will be many ways of designing the
product to conform to these aspects
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Introduction to IEC
27
Ensuring global relevance
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IEC Global relevance policy
Inclusion of essential differences
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Environment
Infrastructure
Introduction to IEC
28
WTO (TBT, Annex 4)
In order to serve the interests of the WTO membership in
facilitating international trade and preventing unnecessary
trade barriers, international standards need to be relevant
and to effectively respond to regulatory and market needs,
as well as scientific and technological developments in
various countries. They should not distort the global
market, have adverse effects on fair competition, or stifle
innovation and technological development. In addition,
they should not give preference to the characteristics or
requirements of specific countries or regions when
different needs or interests exist in other countries or
regions. Whenever possible, international standards
should be performance based rather than based on
design or descriptive characteristics.
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Introduction to IEC
29
How IEC standards are used
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29/10/2012
National adoption
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National or regional adoption
Formal adoption process in some countries
Used directly by reference in regulation
Introduction to IEC
30
How IEC standards are used
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Regulation
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Safety
Health
Environment
Electromagnetic Compatibility
Introduction to IEC
31
Benefits for end-users
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Comparison to specific parameters
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Choose product or service from competing
alternatives
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Opportunity to test & compare
29/10/2012
Possess knowledge for better choice of future
actions
Simplified life
Introduction to IEC
32
Economic benefits
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Positive effect on innovation
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Promote intra-industry trade and lead to
international competitiveness
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Encourage technology transfer
29/10/2012
Positive effect on growth, particularly on
exports
Economic benefits of standardization ~ 1% of
GNP
Introduction to IEC
33
Benefits to trade and GDP
Percentage increase of IEC member countries' GDP and trade
relative to 1965
8000%
Source: World Development Indicators 2007 (World Bank)
7000%
6000%
5000%
4000%
3000%
2000%
1000%
0%
1965
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1975
1985
GDP current US$
1995
Trade current US$
Introduction to IEC
2005
34
Contents
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
29/10/2012
The origins of the IEC
The IEC today



Structure
Procedures
How standards are used
IEC 61140 – Protection against electric shock
Participation in the standards work
IEC Conformity Assessment Systems
Introduction to IEC
35
IEC 61140 – Protection against electric shock
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Basic safety standard
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Consists of fundamental safety requirements
29/10/2012
Forms the basis of safety requirements for all
electrical appliances
Introduction to IEC
36
IEC 61140 – Protective provisions
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Basic protection
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Basic insulation
Barriers or enclosures
Obstacles
Placing out of arm’s reach
Limitation of voltage
Limitation of steady-state current and charge
Potential grading
Other provisions
Introduction to IEC
37
IEC 61140 – Protective provisions
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29/10/2012
Provisions for fault protection
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Supplementary insulation
Protective-equipotential-bonding
Protective screening
Indication and disconnection in HV installations
Automatic disconnection
Simple separation
Non-conducting environment
Potential grading
Introduction to IEC
38
Recent example of IEC work
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Universal phone charger
International Standard
IEC 62684
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29/10/2012
Reduce waste
Reduce the environmental impact
Reduce manufacturing costs
Make life simpler for the end-user
Introduction to IEC
39
Contents
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29/10/2012
The origins of the IEC
The IEC today



Structure
Procedures
How standards are used
IEC 61140 – Protection against electric shock
Participation in the standards work
IEC Conformity Assessment Systems
Introduction to IEC
40
Why participate in IEC work?

Influence the development and content of IEC
standards

Early warning of developing markets,
establish customer contacts
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Improve product safety and quality
29/10/2012
Rationalization and cost reduction in design
and manufacturing
Introduction to IEC
41
Benefits for governments
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International Standards are best source for
governments
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Recognized source for WTO compliance
29/10/2012
Standards provide detailed technical
interpretation of the law
Introduction to IEC
42
Benefits for Multinationals
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Build acceptance in global markets
Influence the content of standards
Develop anticipatory intelligence
Use customer networks
Save time and money
Improve safety and quality
Introduction to IEC
43
Benefits to SMEs
29/10/2012
Introduction to IEC
44
How to participate
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Through National Committee
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All IEC working documents available on
website

Access to documents is responsibility of
National Committee

Participation in standards work is
responsibility of National Committee
29/10/2012
Information about IEC work available on IEC
website http://www.iec.ch to everyone
Introduction to IEC
45
Contents

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29/10/2012
The origins of the IEC
The IEC today



Structure
Procedures
How standards are used
IEC 61140 – Protection against electric shock
Participation in the standards work
IEC Conformity Assessment Systems
Introduction to IEC
46
Conformity assessment
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29/10/2012
Global
Multilateral
Based on International Standards
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IECEE (www.iecee.org)
IECEx (www.iecex.com)
IECQ (www.iecq.org)
Introduction to IEC
47
Types of conformity assessment
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1st party
2nd party
3rd party
Introduction to IEC
48
IEC conformity assessment systems
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29/10/2012
Fundamental principles:
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Peer assessment
Mutual recognition
Introduction to IEC
49
IECEE case study
IEC 60335-2-24
29/10/2012
Introduction to IEC
50
How it works – Part 1
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Manufacturer makes a
fridge
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The laboratory tests the
product for conformity
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The certification body
issues a certificate
29/10/2012
Introduction to IEC
51
How it works - Part 2
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Manufacturer now
wishes to sell the fridge
in another country
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Manufacturer sends the
certificate to a
certification body in the
second country
29/10/2012
Introduction to IEC
52
How it works – Part 3
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Second certification body
issues its certification mark
without having to re-test the
fridge
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Manufacturer may export the
product to that country
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Introduction to IEC
53
The ideal target
One test
One certification
One mark
29/10/2012
Introduction to IEC
54
IEC conformity assessment systems
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29/10/2012
Build confidence
Reduce costs
Accelerate market access
Expand markets
Support global trade
Introduction to IEC
55
Staying in touch with our market
Full set available
at www.iec.ch
29/10/2012
Introduction to IEC
56
Global visions – Robert Bosch
29/10/2012
Introduction to IEC
57
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
QUESTIONS?
www.iec.ch
© IEC:2007