ASHRAE 90.2 Kuwait

ASHRAE 90.2 –Kuwait
What Can be Learned From It?
Prof. Walid Chakroun
Kuwait University
Sixth "Zayed Seminar" on
Green Economy: Success Stories from the GCC
May 8-9 , 2013
Today’s building designs
mortgage our energy
future.
Why Are Buildings So Important?
• World total energy
consumption is expected to
increase as high as 50
percent in less than a
decade.
40% of U.S. Primary Energy Consumption
• Buildings are responsible for
38% of total energy use –
that figure increases to up to
70% in some countries.
Source: 2007 Buildings Energy Data Book. Tables 1.1.3, 1.2.3, 1.3.3
3
Fastest Growing Energy Sector
45
Industrial
40
35
Transportation
Buildings Total
Quads
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Year
Source: EIA Annual Energy Review, Tables 2.1b-2.1f., June 2007
Building Energy Efficiency
“…is the single most
important opportunity for
reducing greenhouse
gas emissions”
(2007-2008 ASHRAE President Kent Peterson)
“…is the “fastest-growing
success story of the
last 50 years”
(American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy)
ASHRAE Standards
• ASHRAE had existing standards for
residential and commercial buildings, for
residential and commercial ventilation
requirements and others
Standard 90.2
The purpose of this
standard is to provide
minimum requirements
for the energy-efficient
design of residential
buildings.
Standard 90.1
• Recently established by U.S.
Department of Energy as the
commercial building reference
standard for state building
energy codes.
• States must certify compliance
by October 2013
• DOE determined 18.5% less
building energy use than 2007
standard
• It was determined to be 30%
less building energy use than
2004 standard
Green Building Standard
• Published in January 2010
• Serves as benchmark for
sustainable green buildings
– does not apply to all
buildings
• Addresses energy, impact
on the
atmosphere, sustainable
sites, water use, materials
and resources and IEQ
www.ashrae.org/greenstandard
ASHRAE 90.2 Kuwait
Energy-Efficient Design of Low-Rise
Residential Buildings in Kuwait
Case Study
The Kuwaiti
Government Needed:
• A comprehensive residential building
energy efficiency standard in response to
a growing residential energy need
• A standard that covered the building
design and all of its components, including
air conditioning and ventilation air
Requirements
The ministry requested a standard for use
with residential houses
•Written in simple code language
•To be developed within six months
•To be a stand alone standard
The Solution
1. In late 2009, a group of ASHRAE members
from the United States and Kuwait University
came together to create a version of ASHRAE
Standard 90.2-2007 to take into account the
differences between existing standards and the
needs of Kuwait
2. Existing Kuwaiti building and energy
requirement related documents were
reviewed, and an outline of the requirements
for the new standard was developed
The Solution
3. The appropriate sections of the various existing
standards were identified and pulled together
to form an outline of a 90.2 Kuwait standard
4. The outline was then further tailored and filled
in to meet the needs of the Kuwait residential
construction market
5. Specific new materials were developed for the
Kuwait standard, such as the requirement for
creating a positive pressure environment to
control the infiltration of dust
The Solution
6. Upon completion of
a first public review
draft, it was
presented to, and
discussed with, a
group of Ministry of
Energy and Water
engineers
The Solution
7. Their input was then factored into a
revision of the draft standard, and it was
again presented to, and discussed with, a
second group of Ministry of Energy and
Water engineers
8. Input from the second review was then
factored into the final ASHRAE Standard
90.2 Kuwait
The Results
• ASHRAE Standard 90.2
Kuwait was then published
in March 2010, and
subsequently presented to
the Kuwait Ministry of
Energy and Water
• The project was so
successful that the
ministry is considering
more cooperation with
ASHRAE on modifying the
school and hospital design
guidelines developed
earlier by ASHRAE to suit
Kuwait.”
ASHRAE 90.2
Kuwait
Energy-Efficient Design of
Low-Rise Residential
Buildings in Kuwait
ASHRAE 90.2
Kuwait
Energy-Efficient Design of
Low-Rise Residential
Buildings in Kuwait
Standard 90.2 Kuwait
Content
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
•
•
Purpose
Scope
Definitions, Abbreviations, Acrony
ms, and Symbols
Administration and Enforcement
Building Envelope Requirements
Heating, Ventilating, and Air
Conditioning
Indoor Environmental Quality
Lighting
Climatic Data
Normative Appendix A—Rated Rvalue of Insulation and Assembly
U-Factor, C-Factor, and F-Factor
Determinations
Informative Appendix B—HVAC and
Ventilation Systems
2.) Scope
This standard provides minimum energyefficiency requirements for the design and
construction of:
a. new residential dwelling units and their
systems
b. where explicitly specified:
1. new portions of residential dwelling units and
their systems
2. new systems and equipment in existing dwelling
units
4.) Administration
and Enforcement
•
•
•
•
Scope
Administrative Requirements
Compliance Paths
Compliance Documentation
5.) Building
Envelope Requirements
•
•
•
•
•
Roof Insulation
Above-grade Wall Insulation
Below-Grade Wall Insulation
Floor Insulation
Fenestration and Doors
Opaque Elements
Table 5.1 Building Envelope Requirements - IP (SI) Units
Opague Elements
Residential Conditioned
Assembly Maximum
Insulation Min R-Value
Residential Unconditioned
Assembly Maximum
Insulation Min R-Value
Roofs
Insulation Entirely Above Deck (Cont. Ins.)
U-0.048 (0.273)
R-20 (3.5) C.I.
U-0.093 (0.527)
R-10.0 (1.8) C.I.
Walls, Above-Grade
Mass (Continuous Insulation)
U-0.080 (0.453)
R-13.3 (2.3) C.I.
U-0.104 (0.592)
R-9.5 (1.7) C.I.
Walls, Below-Grade
C-0.119 (0.678)
R-7.5 (1.3) C.I.
C-1.14 (6.473)
NR
R-8.3 (1.5) C.I.
R-19.0 (3.3)
R-30.0 (5.3)
U-0.137 (0.780)
U-0.052 (0.296)
U-0.051 (0.288)
R-4.2 (0.7) C.I.
R-19.0 (3.3)
R-19.0 (3.3)
R-15 (2.6) for 24 in (60 cm)
F-0.73 (1.263)
NR
Floors
OR
Mass
Steel-Joist
Wood-Framed and Other
U-0.087 (0.496)
U-0.052 (0.296)
U-0.033 (0.188)
Slab-On-Grade-Floors
F-0.520 (0.90)
Opague Doors
All Assemblies
U-0.5 (2.839)
Fenestration
Assembly Maximum U
Assembly Maximum SHGC
Assembly Maximum U
Assembly Maximum SHGC
Vertical Glazing, 0%-30% of Wall
All Assemblies
U-0.47 (2.668)
SHGC-0.25
U-0.65 (3.695)
NR
Skylight with Curb, Glass, % of Roof
0%-3.0% all types
U-0.75 (4.259)
SHGC-0.35
U-1.8 (10.22)
SHGC-0.35
U-0.5 (2.839)
6.) Heating, Ventilation
and Air Conditioning
• New Buildings
• Additions to Existing Buildings
• Alterations to Ventilating and Air-Conditioning in
Existing Building
• Equipment Efficiencies, Verification, and Labeling
Requirements
• Minimum Equipment Ventilation and Air
Conditioning System Construction and Insulation
TABLE 6.4 Electrically Operated Air Conditioners, and Packaged Units - Efficiency Requirements
Equipment Type
(a)
Air Conditioners,
Air Cooled
Size Category
(IP)
<65,000 Btu/h
≥65,000 Btu/h
and
<135,000Btu/h
Through-the-Wall,
Air Cooled
Small Duct, HighVelocity, Air
Cooled
SubCategory
Heating
Size Category
or Rating
Section Type Condition
(SI)
Electric
Split
<19 kW
Resistance
System
(or None) and Single
≥19 kW
Package
and
<40 kW
(IP) Cooling
Efficiency
7.23 EER or >
7.06 EER or >
1.70 kW/ton or
<
1.70 kW/ton or
<
≥135,000 Btu/h
and
<240,000 Btu/h
≥40 kW
and
<70 kW
7.06 EER or >
≥240,000 Btu/h
and
<760,000 Btu/h
≥70 kW
and
<223 kW
6.52 EER or >
≥760,000 Btu/h
≥223 kW
6.22 EER or >
≤30,000 Btu/h
≤8.8 kW
6.67 EER or >
<65,000 Btu/h
<19 kW
a - All units shall operate continously at 125F (52C).
Split
Systems
(SI) Cooling
Efficiency
1.66 kW/ton or
<
6.67 EER or >
Test
Conditions
118.4/80/67 F
(IP)
1.84 kW/ton or
48/26.6/19.4
<
C (SI)
1.93 kW/ton or
<
1.80 kW/ton or
<
1.80 kW/ton or
<
Test
Procedure
ARI 210/240
ARI
340/360
ARI
210/240
Air Conditioner System Performance
Unit Capacity - Btu/h (000s)
Capacity vs. Outdoor Temperature
65
60
55
50
45
40
70
80
90
100
110
Outdoor Temperature - F
120
130
Air Conditioner System Performance
Power vs. Outdoor Temperature
7
Unit Power - kW
6.5
6
5.5
5
4.5
4
70
80
90
100
110
Outdoor Temperature - F
120
130
Air Conditioner System Performance
EER vs. Outdoor Temperature
Unit EER - Btu/Whr
16
14
12
10
8
6
70
80
90
100
110
Outdoor Temperature - F
120
130
Air Conditioner System Performance
kW/ton vs. Outdoor Temperature
Unit Performance - kW/ton
2.1
1.9
1.7
1.5
1.3
1.1
0.9
0.7
0.5
70
80
90
100
110
Outdoor Temperature - F
120
130
7.) Indoor
Environmental Quality
•
•
•
•
•
Whole-Building Ventilation
Local Exhaust
Minimum Filtration
Air-Moving Equipment
Noise Level
8.) Lighting
Installed Interior Lighting Power
9.) Climatic Data
• Geographical Data
• Extreme Recorded Conditions
• Design Conditions
House / AC Unit Performance
60
55
Heat Flow - Watts
Temperature - C
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
225
275
am
325
375
425
Time of Day
475
525
575
pm
Outdoor Temperature
Indoor Temperature
House / AC Unit Performance
60
55
Heat Flow - Watts
Temperature - C
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
225
275
am
325
375
425
Time of Day
475
525
575
pm
Outdoor Temperature
A/C Unit Capacity
Indoor Temperature
House / AC Unit Performance
60
55
Heat Flow - Watts
Temperature - C
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
225
275
am
325
375
425
Time of Day
475
525
575
pm
Outdoor Temperature
House Load
Indoor Temperature
House / AC Unit Performance
60
55
Heat Flow - Watts
Temperature - C
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
225
275
am
325
375
425
Time of Day
475
525
575
pm
Outdoor Temperature
House Load
A/C Unit Capacity
Indoor Temperature
Questions/Discussion