A1.P8 Farm Buildings Pocketbook in Metric

Transcription

1,1
IHt: LlL
fiRE RESE�r _H STATIO
BOREHAI" WOOD
rcRTS.
�
Pg
FAR
BUILDINGS
NO."
MINISTRY OF AG RICULTURE.
HMSO
22p NET
i.
FISHERIES AND FOOD
�IINISTRY OF
AGRICULTURE, FISHERIES AND FOOD
FARM BUILDINGS
POCKETBOOK IN METRIC
Some usiful advice giving stolldardJ,
dimenJions and dala in metric for those
in/ewltd in the design offarm buildings
LONDON
HER MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE
1 97 I
Fi,sl JJIlb/lJ/ud Jun.t
1960
\f,'rit uitrum 1971
rh, ,\ Imislry dots Iwl ntap' Tts/)(JIIsibi/tV'jor mry of lht /m'rOlt
or Iradt odtntiummlr j"dlldtd il/ this p/lblicntion
SON 11 241006 1
Foreword
INDUSTRY is planning its programmes in readiness for the change·
over to the metric s)':,lem in this country. In order that full benefit
may be derived from lhi.<; change, many sectors arc taking the oppor
tunity to
standardize
also developing
a
their products. The Construction industry is
system
of dimensional
co-ordination
for
the
horizontal spacing of structural zones and vertical dimensions so as
to enable components to be used on site ,vithout modification.
It is felt, therefore, that this metric version of the Pocket Book
sening out the standards, dimensions and other data affecting the
accommodation of livestock and storage of materials and products
on the farm, will provide a useful guide to those interested in the
design of farm buildin� and will facilitate comparision with the
data given in the Imperial edition of the Pocket Book which ",'ill
remain in issue until a completely revised metric edition can be
prepared.
Straight conversion
of the
Imperial data to the appropriate metric
unit has not bcen applied in all instances. Instead I'egard has been
paid to B.S. 4011 j 1966 Recommendations
for
the Co-ordination of
Dimensions in Buildings; Basic Sizes for Uuilding Components and
fUsemblies and B.S. 4330;
19 68 Recommendations for the Co
ordination of Dimensions in Buildings: Controlling Dimensions.
Recommendations which have resulted from
consultatiom; with
designers, manufacturers and users have also been taken into account.
For convenience, details of the latter are set out in Appendix I while
the conversion bctors uscd are given in Appendix 11 with Insulation
details in .<\ppendix I l l .
Changes in the layout of the Pocket Book have been purposely
avoided in order to permit easy comparison with the Imperial
edition.
Compilation of this metrie version of the Pocket Book has been
the ..,responsibility of the small Working Party comprised of Mr.
P. G.1\1. Riding, FRICS,l\Ir. R. B. Sayee, FRieS, Mr. L. J. Williarns,
FRIeS and Mr. K. S. Lycett, ARIBA, with 1\fr. G. Bryant, CBE,
as its Secretary, which prepared the current Imperial edition. In its
task the Working Party has been greatly assisted by members of the
Agricultural Development and Advisory Service experienced in the
.. .
'"
)
FOREWORO (colltinued)
rC'qulfC:menls of the metric system
staff.
as
well
as
others of the Ministry's
To all those who have been concerned \\ith this
wishes to record ils grateful thanks.
task
the Ministry
A.J. LANCDON,
Chief Surveyor.
Agricultural Dtvelopm�lIt
(Ind Advisory Sm'iCt
�IIIHStry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
June 197'
Con/enIs
TH E Pocket Book is divided into self-contained sections for each
class of livestock, crop storage and implement, fuel and \'Iorkshop
requirements. These are sub-divided
as
necessary between types of
livestock or other requiremf'ots as appropriate. In addition there
are sections for Framed Structures and Drainag'c which may be
applicable in other sections.
The data for each section or sub-section
IS
arranged uniformly
according to the following headings:
Siting and Layout
Basic Data
Constructional Data-shell, floor, walls, roof
Lighting-daylight, artificial
Ventilation-natural, artificial
\Valer requirements
Internal drainage
References are included at the cnd of each section to publications
issued by the Ministry from which more detailed information is
obtainable.
The appendict:S include information generally applicable to farm
buildings.
,
pog�
SECTION I. TUE D A I R Y Cow
Cow sheds
Cow cubicles
.
•
Yarded cows
•
•
•
�1ilking parlour
4
6
8
Dairy
•
Young stock up to six months old
Bull pen .
•
.0
'4
.6
.
SECTION 2. BEEP CATTLE
Rearing .
•
Fattening
v
•
.8
.8
(co1/1mlltd
CONTENT
SeCTION 3.
IIP.:EP
Lowla nd flocks
•
Upland flocks .
Lambing pens .
•
21
21
Ilandling and dipping
22
23
Shearing shed .
25
•
•
SECTION 4. PIGS
Sow and boar pens
Farrowing pens
Rearing pcns ror sows and hllers
Fallcning pens:
(i) Baconers
(ii) Heavy hogs
•
•
•
•
•
(iii) Porkers.
31
32
33
SECTION 5. POULTH. \'
I DOMESTIC FOWL:
Breeding stock
Incubator house .
Brooding and rearing:
Laying birds
Tablc birds (broilers, capons and roasters)
•
2 TURKE \'s:
Breeding stock
Brooding, rearing and rattening
3 TABLE DUCKS:
Breeding stock
Brooding
Rearing and rattening
SECTION 6. C ROP STORAGE
Grain
Pot:ltoes :
(i) Chilling houses (other than glasshouses)
(ii) Ware stores .
J:odder and bedding.
Fertilizers (indoor and outdoor storage)
43
45
•
--
(cQlltillued)
CONTENTS
vu
SECTION 7. IMPLEMENTS, FUEL. A N D \'·ORKSIIOP
t;ECTION 8 . FR;\MED STRUCTURES
73
SECTION g. D R.\INAGE
Traditional
Slurry
•
75
76
•
•
\pprNDICES
•
... ions
I Con trolli ng dimen
for agricultural and
bu.ildings
conversion factors
cultural
I I Metric
II1 Insulation details
IV Safety in farm buildings
V Other useful information
V I Publications
•
horti-
Section
The Dairy Cow
I:
COW
SHEDS
S I T I N G AND LAYOUT
Longitudinal axis north/south.
As close to fodder barn and other sources of food supply and
bedding as conditions permit.
B A S I C DATA
]'vlanger width back to front, 750-900 mm.
Height of front kerb '50 mm maximum. Botlom of manger, at or
near floor level.
Height of back 750 mm above feeding passage floor level.
Heat produced pcr 450 kg cow, per hr, 2 1[0-3376 kJ; moislUre
0'43 litre per hr.
Straw bedding requirements 2-3 kg per cow per day.
TABLE
I
Single range cow shed
Double
slandin,'l
c.w
''''
Large
Small
m
Dung
.Hinimum width
of building
Without
Jetding
passage
lVith
fuding
passage
m
"'
Length
Width
m
m
m
2' 150
0'900
I'
200
4'450
5'35°
2'050
0·900
I
.
200
4' 3 00
5'200
1 ·975
0·900
, ·200
4.225
5.125
I . 525-
>'600
Medium
channel
Minimum
width if
backwalk
I ' 450-
1.525
1·375-
1.450
•
F A R M B U I L D I N G S POCKETBOOK I N METRIC
TABLE 2
Double range tow shed
Doublt
standmg
Afmwlum
'I
lLiJth
Mllumum width
'I
building
cmlrt pIUS(ll(e
Cow
sl�e
Lmgth
m
I " 525-
Large
, ,600
11 'idlh
m
2:"
150
I' 525
I ' 375
Small
I '450
With Without II"itlwut I1'ith
dung
dung fudmg fudmg
channel chanl/tl plUsagt PlUsogt
m
m
I " 200-
0'900
I'
1'450Medium
DUllg
chonntl
2"050
I
'975
�
0'900
m
m
m
3'000
7'55°
9'350
3'000
7'400
9'200
3'000
7'25°
9'050
500
I' 200-
I ' 500
1-200I' 500
CONSTRUCTIONAL DATA
Shell
Traditional or framed construction III piered cavily walls with
pitched roof
2:
'
4 m to eavcs minimum,
Floor
Concrete, Consider insulating cow standing,
Walls
2 75 mm with unventilated cavity_
RooI
Asbestos sheets on timber pudins, portal frame or truss. Pitch
16-22t dcg, Consider need for insulation,
TilE DAIRY COW
3
LIGHTING
Da)'light
Translucent roof sheets at
-r.
of floor area, wall windows at
-..'�
of
floor area. Glass bricks or panels may be used.
Artificial
Waterproof fittings. i\fain area, 30 watts per m�; feeding passages
4 wallS per m� of floor area.
For fluorescent lighting allow approximately one-third of this
power mput.
Position ligllls so that udder is not in shadow.
VENTILATION
Natl/ral
Open boarded gable ends with 15-30 mm gaps and 100 mm sawn
boards.
Continuous open ridge.
Bottom hung hopper windows with side cheeks. 100
mm
diameter
pipe in wall or equivalent, per pair of cows.
Arlificial
Not required.
WA1'ER REQUIREMENTS
DrinJ.ing
Cows in lactation, 45-55 litres per day from drinking bowl. Dry
cows, 35 litres per day from bowl or trough.
Washing Down
25-40 litres per day.
INTERNAL DRAINAGE
COW standings, surface floor faU to heclstone from manger 40 mm.
Dung channel cross faU 25 mm away from heclstonc.
Passageway cross fall 65 mm for single range and 65 mm camber
for double range. Heelstone 150-175 mm high. Step up from dung
channel to passage way 50 mm. In the case of a centre cambered
double range cow shed, this step may be omitted to ease mechanical
scrapmg.
FARM B U I L DINGS POCKET B O O K IN METRIC
4
Surface faU of cow shed floor along length of building, '5
mm
per
cow, to discharge outside.
See Section
9
for drainage and farm effiucnt disposal.
REFEREN C E
FiJ\.cd
ECluipmcnl
I-CQwhOlLItS.
of the Farm leanel
cow CUBICLES
Longitudinal axis preferably north 'south.
Easy cow access to silage and as dose to fodder stores
as
conditions
permit.
Cubicles arc generally arranged in single or double parallel rows,
and head to head or tail
tail. separated by a solid concrete or
10
slattcd floor access passage, all within an enclosed building.
TABLE 3
Cow Cubiclis
Si;:.t tif stall Ji�'isjon
ungfh
Il'itllh
b(llL'ttn dllisions
//nght
Lmgth
abou hul.Jlone
m
m
2'050-2" 50
" 050-1" 75
m
To
1'000-1' 150
mm
within
of fall
heelstonc
'50
of
BASIC DATA
Floor area, including feeding area, 6' 5-7' 5
Minimum
m"
per cow.
width of solid passage ways behind hee1stone, 2 '4
Minimum width orslaued passage ways, 1 ·8
Cross passages 1·8-3
'0 m
m.
m.
wide should be provided for every
20 cubicles.
Allow 3-7 kg of sawdust, wood chippings or chopped Slraw
bedding per cow per week.
5
TilE. DAIRY COW
CONSTRU C T I O N A L DATA
Shell
Structural frame in suitable spans, 2 4-3 0 m eaves. See Section 8.
Floor
For bedded area hardcore,
rammed earth or concrete;
passage
ways solid concrete, slats or pl'cfabricated metal mesh.
Walls
225 mm brickwork or concrete blocks I 5-2 '4 m high; space
above left open or clad with 100
mm
sawn boards spaced with 5-20
mm gaps.
Roof
Asbestos sheets on timber purlins, portal frame or truss. Pitch
16-22t deg. Consider need for insulation.
LIGHTING
Daylight
Translucent roof sheets, evenly distributed,
h
of Roor area for
totally enclosed buildings or n of floor area for open sided or ended
buildings.
Artificial
\Vaterproof fittings, 4 watts per mt of floor area. For fluorescent
lighting allow approximately one·third of this power input.
VENTILATION
Natural
Continuous open ridge.
Upper part of walls open boarded in addition to gable ends or
450 mm gap bet'ween walls and eaves.
Artificial
Not required.
6
"ARM B U I I I>1NOS P O C KET800K IN METRIC
WA'II R RlQ.UIREMI'NTS
DrinJ.;nt!
CoWS In lactation, 45-55 litres pcr day from troughs; dry CO\\'!,
35 litHos.
All
\\
'20 cm! pcr cow surface area of water in trough or I bowl
per 10 beasb.
11'a.Jhlnt:
doulI
Standpipe with h
e conneCllon.
INTFRNAL DRAISAOE
I!eIght of cubicle step above solid passage Ooor, 250 mm; height
above slalt(.'<i floor about '50 mm.
Len I passage noor preferable.
Sce Section
9
for drainage and farm effiuenl disposal.
YARDED C Oli'
SITING A N D LAYOUT
Longitudinal axis north-south for enclosed buildings; in part
covered yards open area should face south or SOUlh-east bUI local
condlllon� will determine design.
feedmg area to be sited as close to fodder and bedding supplies
as site <:ondilions permit.
A loafing, or fceding area, if unco\eroo, may be ill the ratio
i open 10 j covered, but ha)· and concentrate; should be fed under
cover In unbedded area. The size' of a yard is determined by the
length allotted for fee<img per beast and the deplil of the area
behind allotted for bedding and Io.-lfing per beast.
Consider fulure installation of mechanical feeding of silage, kale
sugar beet lOps and wet grains.
TABLE 4
Space rtquirnnmLlfor tows inyards
L,mg
Agt of animal
btdtkd
arta
�m±E'
,
�
I
or
cows
"" btast
g�
'3
THE DAIRY COW
7
BASIC DATA
!\linimum width of feeding passage for tractor and trailer access
2'
75 m,
Depth of concreted feeding area:
Single row: 3 'a m with 750
mm
manger.
Double row: (a) head to head, 3'0 m each row with 1'35 III
manger between;
(b) tail to tail, 4 ,8 m with 750 mm manger each
side,
Straw requirements depending on layout and stocking density
range from 750-1 500 kg per cow per winter.
CONSTRUCTIONAL DATA
Shell
Structural frame, mJll.mum span 9 'a m, eaves height 3'0
See Section 8.
Ill,
Floor
desirable in a covered yard, Concrete feeding
areas and open yards. Gradient of ramps to gateways not to exceed
I in 10 if unavoidable.
A hard surface
is
Walls
225 mm brickwork or concrete blocks I '4 m above maximum
litter level. Minimum gate openjng 3.6 m.
Roof
Asbestos sheets on timber purlins, portal frame or truss,
LIGHTING
Daylight
Translucent roof sheets evenly distributed h of floor area for
totally enclosed buildings,
Arlijirial
\Vaterproof fittings, 4 watts per m2 of noor area.
For fluorescent lighting allow approximately one·third of this
power mput,
o
P A R M Bl"I L D I N G S P O C K E T B O O K I N M E T R I C
Vl!.N T I L A T I O N
Natural
Continuous open ridge, Upper part of walls boarded in addition
to gable ends or 450 mm open gap bel\\ cen walls and eaves.
ArtifiCIal
Not reqUIred.
W A T E R R E Q. U I R t. M E N T S
DrmJ..lIIg
Cows in lactation, 45-55 litres per day.
I),), cows, 35 litres pt"r day.
Allow 20 cm'" per cow surface
per
10
3f("3
of water in trough or I bowl
Ixa-'Jts. Troughs, which should ha\'c good ovcrAow, should
not Ix' sited in slrawed yards.
Il'whmg dOli:"
25-40 IlIres per cla)-. Standpipe \\Jth hose connection.
ISTI R N A L D R A I N A G I
Not necessary 10 covered stra"oo yards.
Sce Section 9 for dralllage and farm effluent disposal.
Rt'.Fl R EN C F.
fixed Equipment of the Farm Lt"aAct 22-Loost
COI1'J.
�IILKI;o.;G PARLO
HOllsing of Dairy
R
S I T I N G A:>iO LAYOUT
Aaess for cows 10 the milking parlour should be through a col·
lectlllg yard and within easy reach or main yard and field access
roarl ror summer milking. Tht" parlour may be detached, or atlached
to the' main yard as site conditions permit. The dairy and concentrate
stort" should be integrated with the parlour. Steps ror cows are
prererable to ramps and should have about 150 mm rise and 600 mm
treads.
nsider holding pen with race I 2 III wide to crush at
exit p."1r1our. Width or the crush 600
..700 mm;
the length 2· I m.
...\lIow I ·4 m' pcr cow in a collecting area.
9
THE D A I R Y COW
TABLE 5
Afdkillg parlours
Ab"GJI
TaJUh",
Chuu
Hrrnn6bont
6
6
6
8-.6
3
3
3
,�,
9 3 m mcludmg
I '0 m end ero"
pousag...
8'4 m indudlTlg
a single. " m
,",ud cross
passage
6 9-10'5 m
8 $t:l.ndings SUIIable fnr oue man
and 16 Slandin�
1,,0 me:n
No, of
llandintl
No, of
pOints
III
To�l IIuidc
IfilgW. of
building
�'8
Total width
of building
6'9 m (side: to
side) including
300 11Im e:xit
p�"ge
mLllimum
5' � m maximum
(nose to ta,1
direClion)
5'1 mincludmg
1\';0
1 '0 m
panag�
eXII
-
J'a m
(recording)
Average:
de:pw. of
operator's
pit
450 nun uep or
levd
i50 mm
Clear
minimum
beadroom
ovcr cow
standing
2'0-�'3
�Iinimum
widwof
operators
pit
rn ifal
operator's floor
level
�'O
3"
,
m
'm
iSO mm
�·o
m
... m mcluding
t"o �oo m m
bre.....' r:,,1J
I'�
750
m
IIlm
2'0 m
m
CONSTRUCTIONAL DATA
Shell
Traditional construction in 225 mm brick or block work, or
extension of structural frame, Consider loft or hoppered concentrate
storage with minimum clearance of
2 'a
m over cow standings,
Floor
Conerete, Raise cow standings or, where not practicable, sink
operator's pit,
Provide 100-150
Consider waterproofing floors
mm
and
walls of pit.
high kerb along edge of cow standing except
for abreast type.
Wall;
225 m brickwork or concretc blocks.
llbaf
Asbestos sheeting on timber purlins, portal frame or trun.
10
PARM BUILOINGS POCKETBOOK IN M E T R I C
1.IGlll rNG
Do)/ight
h of Ihe floor area. Framed windo\\:" glass bricksl or translucent
roof lighlS.
IIrtlficin/
30 ".. ailS per rn' of floor arca. For fluorbcent lighting allow
approximately onc·third of this power input.
\FNTILA'TION
lIopper opening light:.; alternativelYI fixed \,indo\\s with 50-75
mm deep \'enlllation :.loLs at sill le,"el or air bricks. Raise ridge
'"entilatlon. Consider need for heatmg and mcchanical ventilation.
W"\ll:.R REQUIREMENTS
Allo\, 5- 10 litre" ptr day per cow for \\<bhing down walls and
floon.. Supply of hot \,aler for udder \,.uhlllg or :opra}ing desirable.
INTbRNAL ORAINAGE
Hoor surface fall to outlCIS, I in '25. St'"c Sec..t ion 9 for drainage and
farm eflluent di!>posal.
R IPl.k[NC�
fixed l�quipment of the Farm Leaflet 5-Tht JttlJ.mg Parlour.
DAIRY
SITING A N D l.AYOUT
Attached 10 either milkinf{ parlour or cow:,hed with eas)" access
to highw3)' sen'cd by a well construcu'(l f31"01 approach road. .hold
·
southern and westem :l:Opccts. Provide ample \\:r.1I space for filtin�"S.
THE DAIRY COW
11
BASIC DATA
Provide for a water heating unit and also water softening unit,
where necessary.
Amount ofwaler required to cool I litre of milk:
Surface wale 3
litres:
In chuT1/. cooling 3 ' 5
litres,
Electric motor and vacuum pump may be wall mounted in a
milking house,
Separate accommodation should be provided for peLrol driven
slandby engine.
TABLE
6
Floor space requirements-IVholtsale
(combined milk and washillg up room in normal dairy)
Optimum si�
Siu o/hod
LCM than 20 cows
,
ungth
Width
m
m
3'0
'2' 4
201040 cows
3'6-4''2
,
401060 cows
4,"8-5"4-
3,6
Over 60 cows
5"4-6"0
3 '6
'
,
TABLE 7
(Floor space requirements-Retail)
(combined milk room and washn unit)
Siu ofhnd
Optimum sius
Ltngth
Width
Uss than 20 cows
m
m
3'6-4.2
3'0
20 to 40 cows
4"5-5·4-
3 '0
Over 40 cows
5"4-6"0
3 ,6
FAR!-I B U I L D I N G S POCKETBOOK IN METRIC
12
TABLE
8
Floor JPOU rtqUlfcmtnlJ/or I.onous itmu of daIry equipfflLrll
Optimum si.:.ts
T)pt of "'Ill
wgth
m
II'rdth
mm
Hnght
m
Surfact: coolt:r, 4 churn unit
I ' 83
6 ..
-
Churn
0'7'
330
-
Boulinq: machin(':
Larg<' 12 200 bottles Pf'r hour)
�m.)1I (900 banks per hour)
I'
53
0,6,
9'5
660
I I2
I 30
2' 54
760
740
-
o-go
600
0' 76
Work tabk" Prdt:rabl)" cantl)(:\"«=rro
from wall
1 . 20
600
-
Boltlc washer: Large
Smal l
I '91
I 22
ago
Refrign.ltmg Ulllt ro,
bank: L-lfge
Sma ll
SLngk
\\
'"''
With 'cc
, '91
,\SIHng trough
•
-
8go
'
'
-
I'
25
, '22
BULK MILK V A T S
Various tH>es and designs available usual capacities ranging from
455-2 275litres,
Appl""Oxirnate rangt: of dimensions and floor area required:
Length
I
5
39 In
lVidtll
1
2
'"7m
I/cighJ
Floor aWl (allowing
worJ.mg space)
09
'"7rn
8 .. -17" 7 rn'
CONSTRU T I O N A L DATA
Shd'
Traditional conSlruction in 225 mm brick or block work, or as
!ean·lo extension of rramed structllre. l\linimulIl height floor to
ceiling 2 4 m.
Consider additional height for dip stick in bulk milk vat.
T H E DAIRY C O W
Floor
Concrete for dairies containing hulk milk vat.
r..'retal grids set in concrete, 50 mm precasl concrete floor slabs,
blue bricks or similar where churns are used.
Walls
225
mm
brickwork or concrete
blocks rendered internally in
cement and sand, or tiJcd 10 height not less than 1.7
m.
Use coved
internal angles.
Provide one wide door, not less than 2'0 m, to admit bulk milk
vat.
Roef
AsheslOS roofing sheets. Flat asbestos ceiling.
L I G H T I NG
Daylight
Windows or glass bricks set
III
north wall. Glass area h of floor
area.
Artificial
\\'aterproof fittings. 30 waIts per m� of floor area.. For fiuorescent
lighting allow approximale1y one-third of this power inpul.
VENTILATION
Natural
Hopper opening lighu in window frames. Alternatively 50-75 mill
dee:p ventilation slot under fixed frame and glass brick areas. Air
bricks.
Artificial
Not required.
W A T E R R E Q. U I R E M E N T S
Allow 45-70 litres of water per day. Supply hot water for washing.
'4
PARM B U I L D I N G S POCKETBOOK I N M E T R I C
INTPRNAL DRAINACE
l'loor should have surface fall of I in 50 10 discharge outside. Sce
Section9 for drainage and farm effluent disposal.
REPER£NCF.
Fixcd Equipmcnt of the Farm LeaAel
3-Form Dairies.
YOUNG STOCK UP TO SIX �IONTHS OLD
S I T I N G A N D LAYOUT
Calves on a dairy farm should be housed separately from the
cows but close 10 food preparation room.
\\,here cows are suckled in beef rearing yards, a calf unit may
form part of U1C housing for nursc cows.
Double range enclosed calf houses should ha\'e north/south axis.
Opcn single range units face south.
T A B L E9
Sj)Q(t reqllirtmtnl,s!or )'Oung Jlo..:4 Itp kJ six months old
Ag'
Up to 14 days
14 dars up 10 3 months
'1-6 months
Aua fMr biast ' " mt
O'go-I '44
O'go-I ·80
1 -80-'2' 34
B A S I C DATA
Indi\'idual peru should be capable of con\'crsion into multiple
units. Accommodation for older calves in open fronted monoplteh
roofed shed facing soulh-east not less than 6 0 m deep and 2 1 rn
high at open side with clad gate.
In multiple suckling yards allow 7 47 m' per cow bedded area
wiuI 0 '45-o'go rnS pcr calf in creep.
--
'5
TilE D A I R Y COW
CONSTRUCTIONAL DATA
Shtll
Traditional or framed COIl!)lfuction with brick cavity walls, with
pitched roof
2
-
4 m to ea,"('S for enclosed calf houses.
Floor
Insulated connl:t(" with damp proof membrane under pens.
Walls
275
brick, uO\entilated cavi t),. thermal insulation
°C. rendered intern ally in Cl"m('nt and sand I 4 m high.
nun
I
7
\\' rn'
Height afren di,isions I 0-1 -'2 m.
Roof
DOl!ble skin insulated asbestos roof. r'itch 16-2'2t deg. or false
ceiling. Thermal insulation 1'1-1"4 \V/m' C.
L I CIIT1NG
Da)'light
Framed windows with a glass area of ,la floor area for enclosed
buildings.
Artificial
\Vatcrproof filtings. 10 waus per m! of floor area. For Auorescenl
lighting allow approximately onc-third of this power input.
VENTILATION
Natural
Bottom hung hopper window! fitted with side cheeks set near
cei ling. For yards gable end ventilation with sinned boards. Outlet
ventilation by ridge or shafu.
Artificial
�Iechanical venti lation,
kg Iiv�weight.
u'intn 40 m'/hr,
W A T E R R E Q, U I R E M E N T S
Allow IS-'2slitres per day, per calf.
swnmer
90-1 80 m'/hr per
16
FARM B UI L D I N G S POCKETBOOK I N M E T R I C
INT�U.NAL DRAINAGE
Pen floo!"!, surface fall I In 20, to discharge into channel set III
feedin� passage floor,
100 mm step between pen and feeding passage floor.
<;et' Section
9
for drainage and farm effluent disposal.
RCI'FlU:..N CF.
rix d Equipment of the Farm Leaflet 23-The
Housi"g olea/us.
BULL PE�
S I T I N O A N D LAYOUT
CI�e to yards or cowshed and in sight of COW3,
Open run to face south·easl.
A service pen hanng an access for the bull from the run should
form part of the layout, Build in safety measures for operator.
Providc feeding facilities from out.)ide pen.
BASIC DATA
i\linimum size of pcn' l Sill wide x 3 6 III deep X 2'4 m to eavC$.
i\lilllmum size of open rUIl .. 5 m wide
6 0 m deep X I 5 m
high barriCl' walls.
St"n:ice pen, o,erall internal length 3 3
In
approximaleiy,
Ov('rall internal \\ldth 1'2 m.
Dimensions for ramps where fitted: overall length 1'7 m; width
between ramps 600-775 111; height at lower end 500 mm and upper
end 900 mm; width of trt"ad each side 225-300 mm.
S.",PPTY
OE\'ICES
Built·in iron ring
111
wall below feeding hatch door level outside
pen.
Ovcrhead wire (for use when handling).
Corner refuge or 300-350 mm wide escape gap in run wall.
Gates and doors not less than I '2 m wide.
TilE D A I R Y COW
I
7
CONSTRUCTIONAL DATA
Shell
Traditional or framed conslruction
III
piered walls with pitched
roof.
J\linimum height to caves 2'4 m.
Floor
Rough finish and laid to fall. Concrete on damp proof membrane
under pen only. 50
mm
step between run and pen.
Walls
225
mm picred brickwork or concrete blocks.
\-\'alls of open run I
at approximately
2'3
'2 m
high between steel R.S.J's set vertically
m centrcs,
with 3
rows of steel tubular rails
50 mm diameter at top about 150 mm apart.
Roof
Corrugated asbestos
with 14-16
deg. pitch.
L I GI-IT I N G
Daylight
Translucent roof sheets -ili floor area of pen.
Art[fficial
One 150 watt bulb in pen.
W A T E R REQUIREMENTS
Allow 35-45
litres per day from drinking bowl set in concrete near
to manger.
INTERNAL DRAINAGE
Floor surface fall I in 40 to outside gulley.
See"seetion 9 for drainage and farm effiuenl disposal.
REFERENCE
Fixed Equipme.nt of the Farm LeaRet
16-The Bull Pen.
Sectioll
Beef Ca ttle
2:
REARING
cc
(p.
Section
I.
The Dairy Cow: Young stock up 10 six month.s old
'4)·
FATTENINC
S I T I N G A N D I,AYOUT
For opcn and semi-covered yards see 5e<:lion I . The Dairy Cow:
Yarclcd co\\'� p. 6): this seCllon
enc1l»ed yards.
CO\"tT5
Fodder and beddmg supplies sited close to yard.
Longitudinal axis north/south.
TABLE 1 0
Fotttmng >'ards
FInishing agt
of sloe}.
<) monuu
.8
Floor
Alang" spau ilf mm
1'1 m'
•
-
,\fa.nmutll
slaUtd
area
Ta/DI
strawtd
Ad lib
fudmg
O'go-I '35
1'80-2'70
3'24-3'6g
100-150
, ·80
months
OTID
Q1ttJ
Grain/
concmtratts/
si/agt
-
45�
5'5
BASIC DATA
!l.linimum width of feeding passage for tractor and trailer access
2·7rn.
Consider fceding stock mechanically by means of conveyor or
forage box.
A slatted floor fet."CIing plalform may be used.
A raised concrete area or kerb such
front,
\\ ill
as
railway sleept"r to manger
retain bedding and reduce straw consumption.
Consider hay racks.
CoIUider handling pens with race to crush/weighbridge.
,8
BEEP CATTLE
'9
Straw requirements depending on layout and stocking demity,
ranges from 750-1 500 kg per beast per winter.
Heat produced per 450 kg traditional beef beast per hr 2 110-3 165
kJ; moisture 0'2glitre per hr at looe approximately.
Sturdy gates, fencing and troughs essential in yards for uncastrated
bulls.
Consider safety of personnel in handling.
C O N STRUCTIONAL D A T A
Shdl
Structural frame
nummutn
span 9'0 m. Eavcs height 3'0 m.
Sce Section 8.
Floor
A hard surface
desirable in a coveroo yard.
Concrete feeding areas and open yards. Gradient of ramps to
gateways not to exceed I in 10 if unavoidable.
is
Walls
225 mm brickwork or concrete blocks 1'4 m above maximum
litter level.
Minimum gate opening, 3.6 m.
Roof
Asbestos sheets on timber purlins, portal frame or truss.
LIGHT I N C
Daylight
Translucent roof sheets evenly distributed, f- of floor area for
totally enclosed buildings.
Artificial
Waterproof filtings 4 walls per mt of Aoor area. For fluorescent
light allow approximately one-third of Ihis power input.
20
FARM B U I L DINCS POCKETBOOK I N METRIC
VFNTILATION
Natural
Continuous open ridge. Upper part of walls open boarded in
addilion to gable ends or 450 mm open gap between walls and eaves.
Artificial
Not required.
Water consumption
9
months, 25 litres per day; 18 months,
45 htres per day.
Allow '20 cmt of water surface area per beast from troughs or
1
bo,d per 10 beasts.
INTPRNAL DRAINACE
�Iuck should be scraped from feedin't area into a gridded dung
tank or dungstead. Alternatively, it may be trodden throu.'th a
slattcd floor into a dung pit below.
ee
ection
9
for dra1l1age and
farm effluent disposal.
R f' F E R E N C E
Fix d Equipment of the F:lTm Leaflet
50-Housing a/Calli,.
Section 3: Sheep
LOWLAND FLOCKS
Elaborate housing unnecessary. An}' well ventilated building or even
sheltered open yards will suffice.
Floor space. 0'g-I'7 012 per ewe and lamb.
Trough space, 300-375 mm.
Consider Scandinavian type feeding boxes.
Allow up to 4 litres water per day per ewe from drinking trough
sited outside.
Translucent roof lights on both slopes or slatted timber openings
in wall and gable ends. Consider need for artificial lighting.
Ventilation by open ridge, Yorkshire board roof, timber slats
above dwarf wall or slaltcd gable ends. No special provision for
internal drainage. Muck can be left under slats for two seasons.
UPLAND FLOCKS
SITING A N D LAYOUT
Lamb wintering sheds should be sited on the hill in sheltered
position with good access and water. Electricity if possible. Food
store adjoining.
BASIC DATA
Floor space per lamb: Welsh mounlain, 0'4 m2 j
Scotch Bkukface, 0'5 m2.
Trough space 225-300 mm per lamb.
Consider Scandinavian type feeding boxes.
Swaledale,
0 '45 m2;
CONSTRUCTIONAL DATA
Shell
Structural frame, minimum span 9'0 m. Eaves height, 2 '4-3
See Section 8.
'
0
m.
,
FIoo,
Softwood slats 32 mm wide and 36 mm deep with
preferable.
.,
J
5 mm gap
FARM B U I LDINCS POCKETBOOK I N METRIC
22
!Valls
�lctal sheeting, plywood, oil tempered hardboard, etc., to beigh t
of goo- I 200 mm. Open cladding above.
Roof
Asbestos or metal sheeling, Limber and felt.
L I G I I T I NG
Daylighl
One translucent roof sheet per bay.
Artificial
Waterproof filLing5. <1 watts �r ml of floor area. For fluorescent
ligh ti ng allow approximately onc-third of this power input.
VI NT I L A T I O N
Natllral
Air flow sufficicrll to prevcnt heat bUild up i.n shed.
Open cladding with no ridge.
Open ridge 225'-300 mm gap.
Artificial
Not required.
WATER REQUIREMENTS
2 ' 5-4 ' 5 litres per day per lamb from drinking trough.
INTeRNAL DRAINAGE
Not required.
REFERENCE
Fixed Equipment of lhe Farm Leaflet
L A AI B I N G
47-Shttp HOllsing.
PE
S
Specia list building! not required.
Pens of temporary construction can be set up In a ventilated
building which affords protection from the weather.
Pen sizes vary from I 200 X 750 mm 10 I 800 X I 200 mm.
Pen ratio one to six ewes depending on management.
S I I E, E r
23
H A N D L I NG A N D D I P P I N G
SITINC AND LAYOUT
Usually carried out in open, sheltered rrom wind. Good access ror
sheep and vehicles. \Vater supply essential.
Sheep Aow naturally up hill and away rrom buildings.
Data below may need adjuSlment according to breed.
TABLE I I
Shup dip both
Type of bath
I
S,"",
Flock SIUfor
3SO
Capacl/.7 (approx.)
775 "tm
u)h,ch sUltabit
Dip bath data:
Width at bottom
Width at lOp
Depth or bath
Depth or nuid
Length at bouom
Length at lOp
.
, 000
soo
I 150
mm
I
,
,
,
umg
idru
or abOL't
2 550
"�
300
8so
250
'00
'00
600
.
I
,
1
3
300
8So
250
'00
850
350
.
Nou : Vary lhese dlmensJOru Ir IIppmg platform typc$ used.
.
.
T A B L E. 1 2
Foot bath
mm
Length
Width
Depth
Depth or Ruid
Width betw«'D side
boarding:
Top
Bottom
3 000
225--250
' So
75-100
litrts
mm
'SO
600
, Soo
I 350
3 000
6 000
24
F A R M B U I LD I N G S P O C K E T B O O K I N M E T R I C
TABLE
13
Plnj£/lcing (post and rail)
Flock
IJ/Jt
0/ 75 X 32
No.
mm
Lowland
Upland
3
4
mm
mm
8'5
1 050
rails
Height
Spacing data:
BCIW{'{,11 ground and 1St rail
iklw{'{'n I5l and 2nd rails
iktw{'cn 2nd and 3rd rails
lktw{'cn 3rd and 4lh rails
'
'50
' 75
'00
"5
75
'00
"5
-
D A S I C DATA
Two draining pens essential each holding
to
0 '4
20-30
sheep. AJlo\" up
m2 per sheep.
Concrete floor surface fall, I in
50.
Circular catching or forcing pen size. I
·8-2 ' 4
m radius.
Catherin� and dispersal pellS o · 5--<> 6 m! per ewe.
Short period holding pens, 0 '4 rn' per ewe.
Shedding ,'ace,
I
ftnglh 3 ·<H5·0
m,
width 350-450
mm;
height 825-
050 mm.
Exits from pens should be funnelled at
Portable spraying equipment
s
i
45
deg. where possible.
some limes used.
C O N S T R U C T I O N A L DATA
Earth floors to pens are common on dry soils; hardening can be
done with slone, rubble, gravel or roughened concrete.
Where fencing
i
s
used the posts should be outside the pen. With
sheep on both sides provide shoulder boards on posts.
WATER REQUIREMENTS
Allow
2 '5
lilres water per sheep for dipping baUl.
---
1
------
SHEEP
INTERNAL DRAINAGE
75-100 mm pipe fiued with plug {pens lOck) from bath to suitable
disposal point in accordance with the requirements of the River
or Local Authority.
l\.linimurn size of soakaway, o · 7 mS,
REFERENCE
Fixed Equipment of lhe Farm Leaflet 1 4-SltuP Handling
and Baths.
PtrlS
SHEARING SHED
SITING A N D LAYOUT
AJmost any building will suffice provided i t has sufficient height
for hanging shearing equipment and is adjacent to buildings suitable
for keeping the flock overnight.
Good access for sheep and vehicles. Water and electricity supply
desirable.
Consider wool store.
BASIC DATA
Catching ptn
Allow 1 · 8
In
\\;dth and 2 ' 4 m length
m
front of shearers and
adjoining holding area.
Shearing area
Allow 1 · 8 m v.ridth and 2 ' I m length per shearer. Sited against
external wall with pophole exit by each shearer.
Solid boarded floor.
Holding orea
Nlow 0 - 3--0 - 6 rn' per sheep_
Floor or gravel) solid board or softwood slats.
LIGHTING
Adequate lighting essential over shearing area.
•
VENTILATION
Ensure adequate natural ventilation_
Section
4:
Pigs
SOW AND BOAR PENS
SITING A N D LAYOUT
Elaborate housing not required j barns and open fronted sheds
having a south or south-easterly as�ct suffice.
Boar pens should adjoin sow }'ard.
B A S I C DATA
Allow
2:
7-3
6 rot per sow
10
open yards including I 2:
rn'
of
covered area.
Boar l>ens 1 ·8 )(
z '4
m with 7-9' 3 m open run.
Individual sow fe�ers 500 mm wide )( I
75 m long and 450 mm
trough space in addition.
I ndividual sow stalls 600 mm wide
2: I m long.
Shtll
Traditional or framed construction, caves height I '5-2 " 4 m.
Floor
Concrete. If strawedJ raised feeding platform.
Walls
Orick or concrete block. Minimum height of wnU, to open runs
I . 2: m .
Roof
Asbatos or metal sheeting, timber and fclt.
LIGIITING
DQ)·fjght
No special requiremenu.
ArtifICial
May be needed by stockman,
VENTILATION
No special requirements.
.6
PIGS
WATER REQUIREM ENTS
In-pig sow, 4 · 5--9 litres per day from d rinking bowl; boar g utres
per day,
INTERNAL DRAINAGE
Floor surface fall in open runs, I in 20 to outside gulley or dung
stea d See Section 9 for drain age and farm effluent d isposa l
.
.
FAR R O W I NG P E N S
S I T I N G A N D LAYO UT
i ber unjts in open fields, lightweight semI
May be movable tm
permanent timber structures under a barn roof, or specialized
permanent buildings separated from fattening house.
Long enclosed buildings nor th/south axis ; open frOllled types,
south/east aspect. See Table 14 on p. 28.
BASIC DATA
Farro"'ing space 600 mm wide X 2 . 3-2 . 5 m long.
Minimum creep space o · I m! per piglet. Minimum width 750 mm
where creep fed ; height 6oQ-9oo mm
Height of farrowing rails 225-250 mm above Roor and 300 mm
.
out from waU.
Consider lid and lamp.
CONSTRUCTIONAL DATA
Shell
Traditional or framed construction; prefabricated and sectional
units.
Floor
Insulated concrete on damp proof membrane.
Walls
Insulated timber or 275 mm unventilated brick or concrete block
cavity wall.
Thermal insulation 1 . 70 W/ml
°c.
Roof
Asbestos or metal sheeting, timber and fdt. Insulate by lining or
false ceiling to 0·68 W/m2 °C. Vapour barrier.
28
F A R M B U I L D I N G S POCKETBOOK I N M E T R I C
TABLE ' 4
Farrowing ptns
Forro'fllng pens
O�eroll
un.l sJze
,
'" I�
Yearly Sow/Pui
rollO d�tfld,ng
on monogVTl01t
!Orro....ing
-
3x 1
S rn
-
-
10-
'"
....
.
-
3x 1
Totolly enclosed
j,xed 10rrowlng unit
I
S rn
10rrowing
2 4 >. J 3 S m
-
4-r
2 4 x
1 6Sm
Totolly enciostd
rtmO\IQble farrowing unit
3
,-
lorrowing
2 · 7 x l-Sm
4- r
-
SemI-open
juwj forroNlnq unIt
2 7
I-Srn
PIGS
29
LIGHTING
Daylight
Hopper type \\'lndows or glass bricks in wall at 10 of floor area.
Artificial
4 watts per m2 of floor area. For fluorescent lighting allow
approximately one·third of this power input.
Infra red lamp ror creep. Consider also need for space heating
to maintain temperature in vcry cold weather.
Tempcralure of creep 24-27° C and not less than 1 6'C al floor
level.
VENTILATION
Natural
Sufficient for small farrowing units up to five pcns. Larger units
may need mechanical ventilation.
Artificial
Mechanical ventilation 0 · 3 rn' per min. per sow and litter
m
winter and I . 5-2 . 0 m' pcr min. in summer.
WATER R E Q U I R E M E N T S
Sow, 1 8-23 litres per day from drinking bowl situated in exercise
area.
Piglets) 4-5 weeks old, 4 · 5 litres per day either by drip feed or
trough away from creep.
INTERNAL DRAINAGE
Floor surface fall, I in 20 to outside gtllley.
See Section 9 for drainage and farm effluent disposal.
R E A R I N G PENS FOR SOWS AND LITTERS
SITING A N D LAYOUT
May be movable timber units in open fields, lightweight semi·
permanent timber structures under a barn roof, or specialized
permanent buildings separated from fattening house.
Long enclosed buildings north/south aXlSj open fronted types,
south·east aspect.
30
P A R M B U I L D I N GS P O C K E T B O O K I N M E T R I C
BASIC DATA
Space requirement per pig, 8- 1 0 weeks old, 0 65
rn'.
CONSTRUCTIONAL DATA
Shdl
Traditional or framed construction, prefabricated and sectional
UllIts.
Floor
Consolidated nibble or concrCI,e.
Walls
Brick or concrete block, metal protected timber, corrugated metal,
I ' 4 m high with cladding above on exposed sides.
Roof
Asbestos, corrugated metal, or boards and fel ! .
LIGHTINO
Daylight
No special requirements but adequate for inspection.
Artificial
�tay be needed by stockman.
VENTILATION
Natural
Normally provided by unencl05ed sides.
Artificial
Not normally required.
4 ' 5 litres per pig per day fTOm water bowls away fTOm bedded area.
INTERNAL DRAINAGE
Floor surface falls, I i n '5.
See Section 9 for drainage and fann effluent disposal.
I
_
�_
_
3'
PIGS
F A T T E N I N G PENS
(il
B A G O NERS
SITING AND LAYOUT
Easy access 10 farm road and loading ramp.
Long totally enclosed buildings north/south axis.
For disease control purposes consider restricting number of pigs
to 250 per UOlt.
BASIC DATA
The basic unit
s
i ;\
double range house. I t may have the dunging
areas centrally or 011 either side. It may have a central feeding and/or
cross-feeding passages or catwalk.
Lying area, 0 55 m� per pig.
Dunging area o · 325 m� per pig on solid floor or 0 ' 2 m: per pig
on slaued Roof.
Optimum width of lying area behind trough, 1 · 8 m. No. of pigs
per pen, 10-20 depending on design of piggery.
Width of main feeding passage, 1 ' 2 m.
Trough length per pig 300 mm ; overall width of trough, 300-400
mm.
Heat produced per 450 kg of pig (5/90 kg piglets) per hour.
3 165-4 220 kJ; moisture approximately 0 ' 3 litres per pig at 1 0"C.
Shell
Traditional or framed construction, prefabricated
units.
Fl..,
Concrete on damp proof membrane.
Insulate lying area.
Concrete or metal slats over dunging areas.
Walls
Insulated timber or 275 mm unventilated brick or concrete block
cavity wall.
Thermal insulation I ' 70 \V/m: °C.
3 '2
FARM nUfLDI NGS POCKETBOOK I N METRIC
Ro'!!
Asbestos or metal si1eeling, timber and felt.
Insulate by lining or false ceiling to 0 - 68 \V/m� °C with vapour
barrier.
L I C II T I N C
4 watts per m' of Roor area.
For nuorescent lighting allow
approximately one-third of this power input.
ubdued lighting for lying area; brighter lighting for dunging
areas.
V E N T I LA T I O N
Natural
For small intcnsivc houses, windows, doors and roof ventilators
supplemented by an extraction fan ue sufficient. Large specialist
enclosed structures require mechanical ventilation system.
Temperature at floor level not less than 16�C.
Artificial
l\lcchanical ventilation. Avcrage : wint«, 0 ' 003
Sl/1l1mtr, 0 ' 0 1 rn' per min. per kg livewcight.
'
Ill
per mm,
WATER REQUIREMENTS
4 5-9 litres per pig per day from water bowls or nipples situated
in dunging passage.
INTERNAL D R A INAGE
Floor surface fall, I in 15.
Sce Section 9 for drainage and farm effluent disposal.
Siting and layout as for Bacom::rs.
Lying area, o · 75 Ill! per pig.
Trough length 400 mm per pig or '2'25 mm if ad lib feeding.
'20-30 pigs per pen.
Constructional and other data as for Baconers, Ste (i) above.
33
PICS
Siting and layout as for Baconers. Porkers may also be housed in
yards in gTOups of 20 or more allowing 1 0 m2 per porker.
Trough length 275-300
mm
per pig or 225
Constructional and other data
as
mm
if ad lib feeding.
for Baconcrs, ue (i) above.
REFERENce
Bulletin l OO-Housing the Pig (in preparation).
Fixed Equipment of the Farm Leaflets 46-P1g Fins/ling
i
Housu
and 51-Housing tht Sow mId Litter. (Revisions in preparation.)
,
SectiOIl 5: Poultry
I . D O � I E S T I C FOWL
BREEDING
TOGK
Folds or other movable uniLS or hOUSOi with part wire and part litter
000
may be used. Wire or slats should not exceed one.third of
lotal floor area.
Sheltered well drained site preferably away from hatchery.
Avoid risk of nuisance by smell.
\\'01lcr 5uppl), essential; electricity desirable.
Constructional and other data as for brooding and rearing stock,
see
p. 36.
INCUBATOR HO USE
S I T I N O A N D LAYOUT
ited for proper supervision hut away from other poultry.
Near to paved road for vehicular acces.s. A!Jow for vchicle turning
space.
Allow for egg reception room j fumigating, traying and storage
room ; hatching, sexing, packing and dc:spatdl rooms in that sequence;
also for drstnlclor.
Water supply and electricity essential.
D A S I C DATA
AJlow 5 7 ml for each I 000 egg incubator capacity.
Minimum height of building 3 m.
Floor space for ' 200 cabinet incubator, 3 · 6 X 1 · 8 m ; typical
walk·in incubator, about 5 ' 7 ml with minimum ceiling height 2 ' 5 m.
Allow minimum space of , 'B m between incubators for tray loading,
and 600 mm between incubator and wall.
Room temperature, except for egg reception and fumigating,
'5-21 C. Relative humidity, 60-70 per cent.
Optimum temperature for hatching eggs, 38 C. Relative humidity,
85 per cent. Hatching period for chicks, 2 J da)'3.
Allow for gas, oil or solid fuel central heating s)'3tem, or electric
he�Hing. Consider need for stand·by generator.
34
35
POULTRY
CONSTRUCTIONAL DATA
Shdl
Traditional masonry
sectional unit.
type
structure or
timber
prefabricated
Floor
Concrete on damp proof membrane with durable hygienic finish.
Walls
275 mm unventilated brick or concrete block cavity wall, insulated
timber faced with asbestos or waterpro ofed plywood sheet. Thermal
insulation
I
·02 W/m� DC.
Roof
Double skin asbestos, ro ofing fell on timber, tiles or slates. Pitch,
IQ-35 deg. Thermal insulation 0 ·68 W/ml DC.
LIGHTING
Daylight
From n orth side of building only, hopper type windo -vs
or glass
...
bricks, -h floor area.
Hatching r o om usually windowless.
Artificial
Pendant lights or fluorescent tubes.
VENTILATION
Natural
Usually baffled low down aIr inlets, chimney controlled outlets
in ceiling.
,
Artificial
Individual fans, particularly in specialist buildings.
36
P A R M D t.; I l .. D I N O S P O C K P T 8 0 0 K I N M E T R I C
W A T r R R E Q,t: I R E \l E S T S
Supply required in all rooms. Cleansing' rooms also reqUIre hot
wal('r :mpply.
I N T f' R N A L D R A I NA O I
Floors laid 10 falls.
B R O O D I VG AND R E A R ING
S I T I N G A N D LAYOl'T
Intensi\'(' 5p�tems require large fj,rd !llrUClures, o:tensi"c s�lems
movable folds.
Sheiterro site .ma)' from other poultry but near to good farm road.
\\ aler :.upply and electricity CS$enlial.
TABLe
15
pau r�quir""mtJ I)" bird
Ag� of bm/
S}IlmI
BaItH), 0' tier brooder and
cooling: c:u;e
Floor rfaring on litter
Part wire 0' slatted
r('il nnq
000'
m'
m'
m'
0'015
0 ' 025
0'09
0 ' 09
0 ' 09-0 ' 1 4
0 ' 1 8 0 '28
0'015
0'09
0'09-0 ' 1 4
16
Food trough .spa(t p"
'I'!
U�tl..s
100
thicks
rro"gn Itl'!gth
m
3
36
7-12
13 16
-
u:td.s
..-8 w�ds
TABLE
Aft of d"d.l
9-I 6
0--1 Itvtks
" 4
3, 6
5"
6' ,
37
POULTRY
TAnLE 1 7
Brooder temperatllres
Age of chicks in
weeks
Day old- I
H
'-3
BASIC DATA
Room temperature 0-6 weeks, 15-18 C. Relative humidity, 65-70
per cent.
Birds start to perch at 4-6 weeks.
Perc:hcs 300 mm away from wall and al 300 mm spacing.
CONSTRUCTIONAL DATA
Shell
Timber
framed
folds
and
prefabricated
sectional
buildings.
Consider movable houses on concrete base.
Floor
Concrete, rammed chalk or earth with lincr, wood shavings,
wheat cavings, sand, peat moss, chaffed straw or sawdust.
Wall!
Plywood sheets, matched boarding or shiplap board. Thermal
insulation I ' 70 W/m2 QC.
Roof
Plywood, compressed straw slabs, boards covered wilh fel t or
corrugated asbestos sheeting insulated to 1 ' 1 3 W/m! QC.
LIGHTING
DO)'light
Opening lights other than in windowless house.
Artificial
40 watt bulbs spaced 3 m apart at height of 2 ' I m with time
control switch and dimm ing device.
38
P A R M 8UILDI NGS POCKET800K I N METRIC
Vl'.. N 1 1 L A T I O N
Aut/Jral
Opcnin'l: lights or adjustable baffied air inJets at I 250 mml per
bird ; lI'lSulaled timber chimneys or ridge vellliJauon.
Artifiriol
"'Iulli-speed fans in roof.
W\TE R R E Q.li I R E \I E N T S
One water point per 1 00 birds.
INTPRNAL DRAINAGE
Not required.
LA HNC BIRDS
Near 10 farm homestead and good road.
Longitudinal axis norlh/south but with outside runs south-east.
Waler supply and electricity essential.
nsider egg room,
9
ml per
1 ,000
birds.
Allow for future extensions and adaptions.
18
Af",imum boUny cagt si(.u
TABLE
Ty",
Single:
Double
Treble:
I
IridIn
Drptn
Hright
mm
mm
mm
300
400
500
,"0
430
430
.
.50
450
.50
39
POULTRY
TABLE 1 9
Space rtquirmuntfor birds in cages
' · 2 m widt
bl«1u along
howt
Houst 7 " B m
Wldt
Three doublt
3 tIt( blocks
ffowt S · 4 111
u"idt
Two double
3 tin' blocks
IDl
rEL 'ffi �
l.!..J
I
Cagu
Birds
54
7'
7'
90
90
54
,08
7'
' 44
90
,80
54
,6 ,
7'
,,6
90
'70
36
54
36
7'
36
,08
36
I
��
......
n"dJ
BlrdJ
Birds
Howt 1 2 " o m
u"ldt
Fire double
3 tin' bloclu
Cagu
Cages
Cages
Howt g · 6 m
widt
FouT double
3 tIt( bloclu
Onc bird per
300 mm cage :
Per goo mm
length orhouse
Two birds per
400 mm cage :
Per ' · 2 m
length orhouse
Three birds pc
500 mm cage :
Per , · s rn
length of house
Nok : Allow I · 5 m passage at each end or building.
BASle DATA
Birds come into lay at 4-5 months old"
In battery house allow gangways 1 " 0 m between cages and 1 · 5 m
at ends.
Allow 0 " 28 mt per bird on deep lilter or minimum of 0 " 2 3 m2
where up to one�third of floor area is wired or statted.
Temperature oftaying house, IQ-1 6°C.
Relative humidity, 65-70 per cent.
40
FARM n U I L D I N C S J> O C K E T B O O K I N M E T R I C
Heal produced per 45 kg livcweight per hour, 950 kJ ; moisture
approximately a · ' litre at constant temperature in range 1 3 - 1 6�C.
Egg box size, 320 X 3 1 0 X 3 1 0 mm to hold approximately ISo
eggs.
Shel1
Prefabricated sectional units, structural frame, brick or concrete
blocks. Eavcs hcit;ht, ballery house 2 1-2' 7 m, deep litter house
1 '5-1 . 8 Ill.
Floors
Concrete on damp proof membrane for battery house.
Concrcte, bare earth with or \\ithOlll wire or slatted floors not
exceeding one-tJ1ird of total area for deep liner.
Wa lls
Prefabricatcd timber scctions lincd internally with plY'vood and
asbestos sheets. Alternatively, brick and concrete blocks. Thermal
insulation 1 '70 W/m" °C.
Roof
Double skin insulated asbcstos, compressed straw slabs or boards
Thermal insulation
insulated and covered with roofing felt.
1 ' 1 3 W/m' °C.
LICHTINC
DOJ'light
-1-0 Ooor area with opening lights for both battery and deep litter
houses.
Artificial
Battery house, Go-watt bulbs spaced 3 . 6-4 . 67 m along passage
ways and controlled by time switch.
Decp litter house, 60-75 watts per 1 8 · 58 m! of floor area with
time control switch and dimming device.
4'
POULTRY
VENTILATION
Natural
Open \\indows, 0 2 m� per 100 birds.
Artificial
Fan units in walls or roor, 0 "
m� per min. per kg liveweight.
V·lATER R E Q U I R E M E N T S
20-30 litres per 100 birds daily.
INTERNAL DRAINAGP
Concrete floors laid to ralls.
Battery houses may require channel for drinking trough overAow.
TABLE BIRDS
(Broil"!, capons and roast"s)
SITJNG A N D LAYOUT
Near to good rarm access road and rood supply.
Longitudinal axis north/south. Away rrom trees, high buildings,
flashing lights and sources or noise. Apart from other pouhry for
disease control.
Minimum space between units 7 ' 5 III or double the
\\
idth of house.
Consider future expansion.
TABLE 2 0
Space requirrmentsJor broiler!, capons and roasters
Item
Floor area per bird:
Broilers " 5-2 ' 0 kg liveweight
Capons and roasters 2 ' 25-2' 75 kg Ij\'e
,
weight
Feeding spaee per 100 birds, broilers,
capons and roasters:
1-3
weeks
4-6 weeks
7-12
weeks
Spou
requirement
m'
0·09
42
PARM BUILDINGS POCKETBOOK I N METRIC
BASIC DATA
Throughput chick to finished product:
8roil"J 00--70 days, '2 3/conversion rate.
Capons and roo.Ji"S 8.1- 1 1 '2 daYS1 3 5/conversion
rate.
Optimum house size for intensive broiler production 5-7
000
birds, capons and roasters '2 500 birds, or less if grown to 1 6 weeks
or more.
J louse temperature for mature birds 16 C.
Rclallve humidity 65-70 per cent.
Sh,1I
Economic span 1 '2 0 m in prefabricated uniu on dwarf walls or
traditional construction.
l\lmimum eaves height I "5 m.
Floor
Concrete on damp proof membrane.
H'o/u
Prefabricated timber sections lined internally with plywood and
asbestos sheeu. Alternatively, brick and concrete blocks. Thermal
insulation t "70
\V/rot
C.
Roof
J) uble skin insulated asbestos, compressed straw slabs or boards
insulated and covered
\\ ith
roofing felt. Thermal insulation 1 · 1 3
\V/ml C.
LIGIITING
Dayltght
Not required.
Artificial
40 wall bulbs spaced 3
III
apart '2 m above floor.
V I! N T I I.ATION
Natural
Minimum area 0 " , 8 ml per 100 birds, baffled and controlled at
caves level and gable end. Ventilated ridge or timber chimney
outlet.
POULTRY
43
ArtificIal
Balanced duct extraction operated on time/temperature control
at the rale of 0·62 m' per min. per kg Iiveweight.
WATER REQUIREMENTS
litres per 100 birds per day at 10 weeks.
AJlow 6oo-goo mm drinking space per 100 birds.
13
INTERNAL DRAINAGE
Floors to fall for washing down.
2 . TURKEYS
BREEDING STOCK
Sheltered well·drained site preferably away from hatchery and
near to good farm road. Open.fronted sheds, south-easterly aspect.
Water supply essential, electricity desirable.
BASIC DATA
Floor space for flock mating system, o ' 5-0 '9 m2 per bird, according
to breed, divided up into pen sizes of about 30 birds each.
Movable fold units 6 ' 0 X 1 -5 m per pen ( 1 0 hens, I stag).
Nest box site 450 X 450 X 600 mm high per 2 to 3 hens.
Provide broody coops in the ratio of 5-10 per cent of breeders.
CONSTRUCTIONAL D A T A
Shtll
Prefabricated or rough timber or pole frame construction, suitably
proofed against foxes.
FIoM
Concrete, rammed chalk, or earth-topped, with litter of wood
shavings, wheat cavings, sand, peat moss, chaffed wheat or sawdust.
Houses with part wire and parI litter floors may be used.
Wire or slats should not exceed one-third of total floor area.
r.\RM O l ; l L D I N G S P O C J.i: E T O O O J.i: IN \lFTRIC
41
fI101iJ
Wire n tlmg, rough limbl"r boards, conCfete block.. or corrugated
Iron.
lloof
Timber frame, corrugated iron, board«l. and felled, felt sandwiched
bch\ ecn Wife ncuing. �ll1lllnum pitch 18 dcg. Insulation may be
required for winter slocking.
LIGII T I N C
Do)llght
No special reqll1femeflL-i.
Artificial
I JuOI(�ccnt tubt-os to provide c\'cn Jig-hlinK. conllollC'd b)' sekCtlH'
�wllchmg and lime �wllch.
l\lay be nt'cdrd by <,Iockman and
3!i .1
deterrent 10 foxe;.
VENTILATION
Natural
Reasonable air f10\\ sufficient.
Artificial
Not required.
WATLR REQ.U I R P " t:. N T S
55 10 70 litres dally from movable Iroll).':h per 100 tud.C')'S.
Avoid water spillage on floor.
I N T .. RNAL DRAINAGE
No special requirement-.,
J
_
_
_
_
_
-
45
POULTRY
B R O O D /XC, REAR/NC AND FA TTEN/NC
Specialist buildings not always
required,
fully covered
rough
timber structures are suitable.
Site near to farm access road and food store, and away from noisc.
Long open-sided sheds have south/south-easterly aspect.
Drinking water and electricity essential.
H A S I C DATA
Optimum temperature for hatching egb'S 38 C. Relative humidity
85 per cenl. Hatching period 28 days.
Poults can be raised in tier brooders from hatching up 10 three
weeks old, or alternatively, on floors.
Young poults reared in groups of up to 350 birds.
Turkey cgg5 weigh 70 to 100 g according to breed.
TABLE 2 1
Space rtquirlmtntjor tllrkeys
Fuding SPIlCl
Floor spau ptr bird
m'
Ag'
in u:uks
0 -,
5-8
9- 16
IIge
in wub
0 ' ''9
0 · 14
0 · 37
0 . 46
ovc:r ,6
Fudl1lg trough
m nm'
100 birds
3,6
7 '3
7'3
7 '3
0-,
5-8
9-16
over ,6
}
Tubular Judas
m run'
t 000 birds
6'0
7 '5
Allow 50 mm
per bird
Shdl
Prefabricated or rough timber frame construction, suitably proofed
amst
5g4 m
a
.
foxes.
X
Approximate
size
of turkey
verandah
1 · 5 m with floor 600 mm above ground.
Eaves height above ground
t
· 8 m.
buildings
46
PARM B U I L D I N Q S POCKETBOOK I N METRIC
l1'alls
Wirc netting and corrugated iron sheets.
Open boards or rails [or verandahs.
Roef
Timber frame, corrugated iron, boarded and felted, felt sand·
wiched bc:1\\een wire netting. f.,llOimum pitch 1 8 dcg.
I nsulation may be requirro for winter stocking.
LIGHTING
Do)'IIght
Artificial
�Iay be needed by specialist breeders, stockman and as a deterrent
to foxo.
VFNTILATION
.Natural
Rc:a.sonable atr flow sufficient.
Artljcial
Not required.
WATPR REQUIREMENTS
55-70 litres daily per 100 adult turkeys from movable trough.
S lilrrs per day per 100 pouil.s at one week old, 1 2 litres per 100
poult.s at 3 weeks old.
Avoid water spillage on floor.
I N T E R N A L D R A I N AG E
3. T A B L E 0
CKS
BREEDING STOCK
Houses with wire or littered floors may be used, usually with access
to outdoor range.
Wdl drained aod shdtered site preferable, away from hatchery.
Water supply essential, dectricity desirable.
DMic structural requiremenu as for I . Domestic Fowl, Laying
Birds, omitting slatted floon. &e p. 38.
47
POULTRY
BROODING
Intensive systems require large fixed structures. Sheltered site away
from ducks of other ages and other poultry. Avoid flashing lights.
Basic structural requirements as for I . Domestic Fowl, Laying
Birds (deep litter house) but concrete floors essential. See p.
Temperature under brooder
38
32-35°C.
REARING A ND FA TTENING
At
3-4
weeks of age simple shelter necessary for first few days only.
Thereafter housing is not required.
Stocking rate 5 000 birds per hectare, divided into pens of 200-250
by a wire fence 600 mm high.
Liberal supply of water essential at all times.
Artificial Light may be needed by stockman and as a deterrent to
foxes.
Ducks killed at 0 weeks.
TABLE 2 2
Space requirtmnlLsfor table ducks
A.Kt
on
w"b
0-,
4-8
Floor spau ptr
bird in
-
-
-
-
Concrttt
Wire
0'07
m'
0-09
on range
Fttding trough
ltngth in m
per 100 ducb
5-5
1 '2 " '2
REFERENCE
Fixed Equipment of the Farm Leaflet
BulJetin
Bulletin
Bulletin
3 1-Thl Broiler House.
54-The Rtan'ng ojChicktns.
56--Poultry Housing and Enuironment,
I 52-Intmriue Poultry Ma1logtmtntjor Egg Produclion.
Section 6: Crop Storage
GRA I N
S I T I l"O O A N D L A Y O U T
Near IQ go<Xl farm access road with ample turning space, and 10
3-phase electric supply service.
Plan for future increase i n yields and alternative methods of
storage and handling.
Avoid steeply sloping sites if pos�ib1e and ground of low bearing
capaCIty.
Longitudinal axis SQUtlH\cst 'north-cast for through draught.
Buildings should be bird and \iermin proof. Eliminate voids In
\\ hich insect miles breed.
Access doorways to buildings used by bulk transporters may need
to be 4 ' 2 m high.
TABLE 23
Weights and mtllSUrtS
Commodity
\\ h('at
Rarity
Oa�
R)'c
�Iaizc
I'cas
Ikan,
LinS(:cd
kg �' m-
m' per tontIL
735
705
' '3
' .
705
753
7S5
8' 3
705
' .
' '3
' '3
5'3
'
' '9
'
'
..
' 4
'
9
4
CROP STORAGE
TABLE 2 4
Floor storage and level copacity/or looS/' grain
in tonnes per 4 " 8 m standard bay in/ramed structure
Commodity
Wheat
Barley
m3 per tonne
, "3
I"4
Hdght slored
Span in
' m
'm
3m
' m
44
66
87
99
"0
'3'
'47
' 59
..
m:
6"0
7"8
9"0
10"8
12"0
1 3 " '2
1 4" 4
"
58
66
80
B8
9B
,06
'9
33
40
44
49
53
'm
3m
63
84
93
"
,8
3'
37
4'
45
49
56
6,
7.
8,
90
98
'"
"3
135
'47
TABLE 2 5
Heaped grain
Capacity per bay in tonnes additional to Table 24
Wheat
Span in m
�
Barley
�
A11Tltt".
�
6"0
,6
8
'5
7
7"8
,6
'3
'4
"
9" 0
35
,8
33
,6
10"8
50
'5
46
'3
12"0
6,
3'
58
'9
13"2
76
38
70
35
1\1."4
90
45
84
4'
Note .- Grain must not be heaped unless the supporting walls are
designed to withstand the additional load"
TABLE 2 6
Soft loading agairut 225
s,-.'V -/
rn,y"ml
pI'"� "
lutl
"
"
' 4
mm
rtlnforud brick uallsfor rtlcnmng grain
(a)
Level Grain
"
, '
,
'"
, .
'$
3 .
,
>
•
•
.,
4 '
hll"IJU
•
e
,. .
"" 'f
c
o
-
D.....
"-"(.....
,,,..r.tnN1!l
(D) .u
1/.1 r"fm"
'P«'tW (VS)
D
VS
D
VS
I'S
D
VS
D
D
I'S
D
D
vs
VS
D
D
rs
D
I'S
I'S
IX,u. ./"...
.,....., MMll '"
"
�
•
o •
4
,�
4
n,
4
n,
4
''''
4
0',
4
n,
4
'"
•
''''
4
"
4
'50
4
,
'50
,
•
n,
4
' '''
4
" 0
4
. . . . .
"
,
'50
,
'50
,
,
'50
,
,
,
"
,
,
"
"
,
,,0
"
"
,
"
,
"
,
"
,
,
"
,
"
"
,"
4
''''
•
"
4
"
"
,"
,
,�
,
'"
,
'50
,
, ,
'
,
n,
,
''''
,
'50
,
"
"
" 4
,
n,
,
' ''' ,
-,... .,..,
"
,
"
0',
,
''''
,
''''
,
"
,
,'0
,
' '''
,
"
,
"
,
"
"
"
�
,
o
n
� ..
,
z
o
....
,
. .
"
,
. .
,
"
,
,,0
4
.
,
,
. . .
,,0
4
'50
•
'50
"
"
"
,
"
"
,
"
,
N" ,: Doned liDe indicate. limit for F1cttoru; loOlid line that (or £n'IO�'lOtr common", RCIn(orClDtr W'fct 'Cl .0 mm from CIIch facc.
..
•
o
o
"
-
z
•
"
..
•
n
2 6-tontillutd
rtinforctd brick wallsfor rttail/ing grain
TABLE
Saft loading agairul 225
mm
(b)
SpIlO'W of
",rV·"d
/,..,J Or
J,ul
It..IlTUJfJ
...
"
, a
,"
,
Heaped Grain
, 0
,',
3"
"
4 '
, '
,
"
-
Dr."..," of
1I0"(Onlll1
rt."r...."mm/
(Dj .,.d
./J _1�1I1
J/'M'''' (VS)
D
D
VS
VS
D
VS
D
I'S
D
VS
D
I'S
D
VS
D
VS
D
I'S
D
VS
'" ".".
•
- --
D.,,,, of�4'"
"'.,,.,, wIIlll"
•
. '
,
.
,
,
4
4
"
,
"
.
,
"
"
4
"
4
"
.
,
.
.
"
.
.
.
"
,
"
,
"
,
"
,
'"
,
"
"
,
"
,
"
,
"
,
"
,
"
,
"
,
,
"
,
"
,',
,
"
,',
,
"
,
,
,
"
,
"
,
"
,
"
,
"
-
..
o
•
>
n
•
-
.
, a
,
n
•
o
,
NOI, .. Dotted hne indic.lll:s limit for FleuOtUi lolid line thllt (or Eniineermg commons. R<:'1nforcmg wireJ lel '0 mm (rom each face.
'"
-
52
T A D L E '2 7
RLinforud piLrs for grain slbragL to a dLPlh up to 3
I n ternal face
m
BricKwork
B
/
/
D
x
Concrete poured into brickwork
I
53
CROP STORAGE
Level G r a i n
P," li�. '"
8
D
mm
d
--
r
X
",
,6,
, ,
' 1'2'"
,
" I�[;-') 39!-;-:;E
SII[. J.,u..[" Gin ,�
••
, -5
' -5
' -,
,
-,
•
,.
,00 ,,0 ,,0
•
'5
,-, ,-, , , ,- ,
,00
,,0 ,6,
,
"
, 0 , 0 ,- , , , , ,
'so 6"
,
,.
, ' 0 , 0 , 0 " 0 , 0 ,-0
-
6" 6"
, - , , - , , - , , -,
--
'"
, , , -, , -,
,6
'" ,go '50 '"
"5
-
",d.,
'" 6111"".� 1"1' Unltu
,
--
", 'SO
-
Du/""". '"
D,,,·
6"" _[ha"
-
225 "5 ' " ,,0 ,,,
"5
N•.
·r
,
-
, , -,
,.5
,- , , - , , - ,
-
-
, -, , , 0 ,
, -5
,- , ,- ,
,- , , ' ,
,.
, 5
, -5
, ,
-
,', , ,
, , , ', , , , ,
Heaped Grain
,
, -5
'" '
50
"5
,
,6
, ,
O
'S
'"
,
,.
,'0 '
,.. ,,0
,
"
,'0 ,'0 , - 0 " 0 , - 0 , 0 , - ,
,,, 56, 500 ,,0 56,
,
"
, 0 , 0 , - 0 " 0 ' 0 , 0 , -0 " 0 , 0 , 0
",
,
,.
, - 0 " 0 , - 0 , - 0 " 0 , -0 , - 0 , ' 0 , 0 ,.
",
--
"5
"5 '"
",
-
,go
'SO ,00
-
6" 6" ,,0 6"
"
"
,
"
, ,
, ,
, '5
' -5 ' 5
, - , ,', , , , , ,', , ,
-
"
, , , ,
,
,
,', , ,
-
-
TABLE 2 8
Capacity in lonnu/or circular silo storage
Commodity
' 5
--
Barley
IVhtat
m
Dianvter n
i
" 5
6
" 5
6
Height in m
3 '0
" 5
6'0
7'5
9'0
37
55
73
9'
"0
65
98
'30
,63
'96
3'
5'
68
85
0'
'
6,
9'
...
'5 ,
,8.
F A R M B U I L D I N G S P O C K E T B O O K IN M E T R I C
54
29
T A il L E
Bm capacityfor I)pical bm nUl
Capacity ptr bill III IOMrS
ungth III m
Bwu/i/! In m
3 .0
3 .0
3. 0
3 '0
3 ·0
, ,
Ilti.�ht
3' 0
3 .0
3 '0
, ,
,.•
,
.
•
, .•
,.•
m
9 '0
6·0
3 .0
7"
. ·5
6·0
3 ·9
.
.
UI
Whtat Barlty
63
58
39
'0
37
'3
:�
.,
..
,0
'5
'7
,8
0,,,
p,�
43
'9
'4
'7
'7
,8
63
..
30
T A il L E
Capacity af damp bar/I!)' lawn silos of I)pical dimcuions
Diamtln
m
4 ' 4'2'2
4'4
4'4.2
4·4'2
..
..
. •'
�. ,
6· ,
6· ,
6· ,
6· ,
6· ,
6· ,
6· ,
6· ,
6· ,
6· ,
6· ,
Htight
10
m
taUl
4'42
� ." '98
7'3 '
8'33
9 ' 3·,
5·'28
6· '29
po
. 33
·3+
9
12·39
13· .. I
' 4 ' 4'2
'P
I '4'
5
17 '4 7
18'49
CajxJaly ba.s,d on
m'lwtIIIL at
tnOl.Jluu lontml
"" unl
1 ·4
2'2
tomus
,8
58
70
80
9'
' 0'
"0
'3 '
'5'
, 73
'95
'58
,80
30'
3"
33
�
��
..
"
40
'5
'7
,8
C R O P STORAGE
55
TABLE 3 1
Capacity of l)'Pical grain intake pits
T
I' 1
c
B
�
A
K
51° a n g l e
to hori z o n t a l
Dimmsions ofpit
A
m
, ·8
•••
3 '0
3 ·6
B
m
, .5
' ·8
•••
..,
r-;7"--
Captuity in
C
IOnnLS
Wheat
Barley
, .
2 '3
,.,
. ,
m
' ·8
.
.
.
,
.,
3'3
.
S 'o
8·•
.
. ·6
,·6
B A S I C DATA
Space lateral ducts for Roor drying at I ' 0 m centres up to 9 ' 0 m
maximum length,
For every one per cent reduction in moisture content of grain
approximately 1 2 litres of water per tonne dispersed,
Angle of repose of d ry grain, 35 deg; moist grain 45 deg.
CONSTRUCTIONAL DATA
Shtll
Structural frame. eaves heigh t 3 - 6- 4 " 2 m for floor storage and
4 ' 2-6 - 0 m for bin storage. See Section 8,
56
F A R M D l.: I L D I N GS P O C K E T B O O K I N M E T R I C
Floor
Rt"inforced conncte with damp proof membrane, not less than
1 50
mm
above p;round level.
Waterproof all undergTOund works and floors.
lI'aU1
Ptefabricatcd units of preeast concrete, prl';)5cd steel or timber.
/" sitlt \'.-alls need special design to ,,"'itJ1stand lateral thrust.
Consult qualified adviser.
Roof
Corrugated asbestos, pitch
1 6-22
deg. Roof may be supported
from bins where u�ed.
TOU'tr silos
Precast concrete or stcel with or without glas:. enamel iinll1g.
Do not site over drains or land drain..
.
Concrete base
10 exceed
diamctcl' of tower by 600 mm.
Consult qualified ad"iser.
LIGIITING
DI�>Jjght
Not required. Will encourage birds.
Arlifirial
Working areas and machinery mu,t be fully illuminated.
VPN1 1LATION
Nalllral
Gable and '\a11 louvres, large opening co\'ered with
6 mm Wlr,.
mesh or plastic netting.
Provide movable shutters over.
During drying period doors may be left open.
A,tijicial
Air intake to dr)'ing instaUations may be from the outside on the
north or east sidc of buildings.
Ex.tractor fam may be used.
CROP STORAGE
57
Standpipe with hose connection.
INTERNAL D R A I N A G E
Not required.
REfERENCE
Bulletin 49-Farm Grain Dr)'illg and Storage.
Fixed Eqnipmenl of the Farm Leaflet No. 9-Graill Storoge. (in prep.)
POTATOES
( 0 ) CH/T T/NC HO USES
( O THER THAN GLA SSHO USES)
S I T I N G A N D LAYOU T
Sheltered site near to farm access road with ample room for loading,
stacking and turning vehicles. Longitudinal ax.is nOrlh/south.
Huilding must be frost proof. Side hung doors preferable.
BASIC D A T A
Typical tray size, 762 X 460 X 1 5 2 mm deep.
70 trays per tonne main crop, 80 for early crop.
Normal stacking height, 3 rn, i.e., 20 boxcs, using fork-lift truck.
Alleyways between, minimum width 500 mm .
CONSTRUCTIONAL DATA
Shell
Traditional or framed structures are suitable, or prefabricated
purpose-made timber structure.
Floor
Concrete to facilitate level stacking. Apron in front of main doors,
minimum deptb 2 ' 5 m.
Walls
275 mm brickwork, stone or timber.
Roof
Corrugated asbestos. Insulate against frost.
S8
PARM BUILDINCS POCKETBOOK I N METRIC
LIOHTINC
DoylJghl
Not required.
Artificial
Movable nuoresccnt tubes suspended from overhead wire.
Light units
2'4
or
3
0 m long. spaced
2 '4-3 '6
m apart along
alleyway.
Natural
Through doors as required..
Artificial
Free air movement within building, space heater or fan.
WATER R E Q U I R E M E N T S
Not required.
INTERNAL DRAINAGE
Not required.
R EFERENCE
Dullellll I 73-Bu1k
Fixed
Storage of PotolotS In Buildings.
Equipment of the Farm leanet 48 Pollllo Glutting Houses
<iil WARE STORES
SITINO A N D LAYOUT
Near to farm access road with ample room for loading, stacking
and turning vehicles, and to 3-phase electric supply service.
Longitudinal access east/west for through draught.
Side hung doors preferable.
Provide for riddling, grading and loading under cover in advene
weather.
59
C R O P STORAGE
T A B L E 3 '2
Storage capacity in tonnes per metre run of ill/gtnfor variOlLf
stack Jrnghts, baud on I . 56 ffl's per lonne
StlUk hright
mm
,
2·5
3
3·5
4' 0
8
'0
>0
'3
'.
'7
'9
"
'3
,8
20
'.
27
29
32
'5
20
23
,8
30
3.
37
Width of
building
m
6·0
7 ·8
9.0
10·8
12'0
1 3 ' '2
14'4
"
'.
'5
'7
,8
'5
'7
..
23
25
28
..
23
B A S I C DATA
Maximum storage height:
ioose,
3 ' 5-+ ' 0 m ;
4 boxes high
bo:ud,
using fork·lift truck.
Typical commercial box size for
I
' 0 1 6 tonne,
1 " '2 X
1 ' 4 m base,
1 " 0 m high.
Angle of repose 30-40 deg.
At harvest I tonne of mature tubers produce about 1 5 8 kJ per hr
falling to 53 kJ when dormant.
Slull
Traditional or framed structure or Romney type hut, minimum
span 9 m. Portal frame preferred.
Ft"",
Earth, or concrete with damp proof membrane raised not less
than 150 mm above ground level.
Concrete apron in front of doors, minimum depth
'2
.
5 m.
60
F A R M BUILDINCS POCKeTBOOK I N M E T R I C
Waifs
To be 1 ' 0 rn higher than maximum potato storage height. Thennal
in..'iulalion I ' 4 \\"rn: C.
In Jitu wall'i for loose storage need special design to withstand
lateral thrust. Consult qualified ad\"iscr.
l\ linimum height for doors, 3 6 III for tipping trailers.
Straw bales for temporary walls.
1/""1
Corrugated asbest� sheets on limber purllnS, portal frame or
truss.
Thermal insulation I q \\',m2 C.
PlIch 22t deg.
I IOIITING
J)(l)"/',glll
Open doors
Artificial
Working areas and machinery must be fully illuminated.
Notural
i'loor inlet ' 5 cm� pcr tonne of potatOt'S ventilated.
Gable outlet 0 " 3 m2 per 100 tonnc of potatoes stored, with closure
plate adjustable and bird proofed.
Bottom duClS spaced I 8 rn apart maximum.
Artificial
Required for storage over
2 ' 4 rn
deep.
W A T E R R E QU I R E M E N T S
Not required.
I N T E R N A L D R A I N AG E
NOI required.
R E P P. R E N C I!.
Bulletin I 73-BulJ.. SwrDgt of Potatou in Bui/dillgs
6,
C R O P STORACE
F O D D E R A N D B E D D I :-l G
Near lO good road, with ample space for turning vehicles and
stacking. As close to stock as site conditions allow to provide shelter
from prevailing winds.
Consider fire and dust risk.
Consider mechanical methods of handling, mixing and distribution
to stock bea rint;" in mind that meal in self-emptying hoppers will
bridge with long storage.
BASIC DATA
Purchased fceding stuffs in bags of 50 kg stacked two bags high
requ ire 1 ·6 m� of tloor space per tonne. Stored loose , tonne of mixed
feed is equivalent to approximately , ' 5 m3•
.
Silage consolidates
to two-.hirds its original
height.
Provide
separate drainage for silage emuent which damages concrete.
Silage with dry matter content of 30 per cent produces 1 0 litres
of effluent per tonne or 200 Litres at 20 per cent.
TABLE 33
Storage capacityfor baled Jury in tonnt$ per 4 . 8 TT! standard bay
inframed structllre (6 0 m3/to1/ne)
Height stortd
m m
Spa" ill
6'0
7,8
9'0
10·8
1 '2 ' 0
13''2
'4'4
,Notu:
m
3 ,6
4,8
5'4
6
'7
'3
,6
3'
35
38
'3
30
35
4'
46
5'
55
,6
3<
39
47
5'
57
6,
,8
37
43
5'
58
63
69
4'
Calculated on basis of rectangular bales.
Round ba'" and random slackin� require more space.
for barn dried hay allow 7'8 ml/tonne.
for I tonne dried grass 75 mm chop. 10 per cenl moi.�lUre conlcnl,
allow 8 ' 5 rn'.
6!l
F A R M B U I L D I N G S I' O C K E T B O O K I N M E T R I C
TAIlLP. 3 4
Storage cO/Jacity/or loose hay j,. tonne.s per 4 , 8 m bay
mflamed structure (9 0 m3/lIJnne)
11�.ght slored
HI m
Span '" m
6·0
7 ·8
9·0
10·8
12'0
13' 2
' 4 ' 4-
Storage
3·6
•·8
"
'5
'0
'3
,8
3'
3+
37
'5
'7
"
'3
'5
,8
ca/mcity Jor
5 "'
6
'7
'9
'5
'9
35
38
4'
46
"
,6
3'
35
38
.'
TABLe 3 5
willed silage in tomus per 4 , 8 m stalldard bay
mJramed structure ( I 5 m'/lIJnne)
Height of wilud
silage in m
Span in m
6·0
7·8
9.0
10,8
12'0
'3"2
'4-'4-
,.•
.6
60
6g
83
9'
00 '
"0
35
45
5'
6,
6g
76
83
TABLE 36
Weight oJ silage
(Depending on dry motter content)
Type ofsilage
c,""
Wilted gr:w
Pea haulm
Weight
kg/m'
CROP STORAGE
TA8LE 3 7
Sl()fage capacity in lemnrsfor high dry mat/er silage in lowtrs of
various diame/tr and hdght ( I '25 mS/lonne)
Diomttn in m
E.Jftctiut height in m
6'0
7.6
9 '0
10,6
12'0
13'7
15'2
16'7
18'3
5 '4
6'0
"0
'4°
,65
'95
22O
'5·
.80
3°7
337
' 35
, 7'
.04
'40
' 7'
3'°
343
378
4' .
I
6'7
7'3
9'0
,69
. ..
'53
300
338
385
428
47°
5'5
.00
'54
30 '
354
40'
458
508
558
6..
305
367
458
539
6..
697
773
850
93 '
TABLE 38
Storage capacityfor loose straw in lonnu per 4 , 8 rn
standard bay ill/ramed structure
II'htal J{raw
r",
H�l'"
JI...�J '"
m
'" ..
s,...6'0
7· 8
,'0
10,8
12 '0
'
I3 2
'4'4
" 6
6
B
,
"
"
.,
.,
,·8
8
(17" � ",'{laN>II)
, ,
.
•
"
"
"
'7
"
"
:t
.,
:1
.8
",'{IIm".)
Ba,l,y slraw (23'0
6 0
" 6
"
.,
.,
6
.B
"
"
"
,
l
•
"
"
" 8
, ,
6
8
7
•
•
"
"
.,
.,
.
"
"
"
:1
6'0
B
"
"
.,
' .'
"
.B
64
P A R M B U I L D I NGS P O C K E T B O O K I N METRIC
TABLE 3 9
Swrage capacityfor baled straw in tonnes per 4 . 8
m
standard bay inframed structure
Nnthl
" Qf,d In
•
Sp,," '" '"
6·0
7
8
, 0
<o S
l 'l •0
13'2
.. .
sl,1lW {!3 m'/IOfIN}
IVhtlll
r",
, 6
Bllrlry ll,,,w ( , ' '.5 m'/I."",.)
..
S·'
6 0
, 6
. ·8
"
"
"
•7
"
,
"
.6
8
:1
<0
"
:1
'B
"
.S
'S
.,
'S
.6
.S
"
:1
"
'.
'7
"
s'
••
.6
.S
"
"
S·'
6 0
••
'S
"
"
"
.8
.8
"
.
"
"
,0
"
"
"
'
,6
"
,.
,0
ss
SIItIl
Structural frame.
See Section
8.
Floor
Earth and hardcore for hay and straw.
Concrete to falls for silage with damp proof membrane for con
centrates.
Walls
For silage, prefabricated panels of conCrete or timber.
Railway sleepers.
III sitll walls need special design to withstand lateral thrust.
Roof
Asbestos or metal sheeling.
Tower silo
Precasl concretes or steel, with or without glass enamel lining.
Do not site over drains or land drains.
Conc.·ete base to exceed diameter of silo by 600
nun.
CROP STORAGE
LIGHTING
Daylight
Translucent roof lights on north slope.
Artificial
Working areas and machinery must be fully illuminated.
For self feed silage provide adequate lighting at silage face.
VENTILATION
Natural
At h igh level,
as
required.
Artificial
Not required.
As necessary for cleaning down and fire precau tions
.
I N T E R N A L D R A I NA G E
Drain silage floor to channel.
REFERENCE
Fixed Equipment of the Farm Leallets
and
36-Silage Stores
g--Grain Storage
(in prep.)
66
P A R M B U I L D I N C S P O C K E T B O O K IN M E T R I C
FERT I L I ZERS
( I NDOOR AND O UTDOOR STORAGE)
T A O L F 40
Storagt capacIty and wtighls
$IO(Atd In lo)tfs
Hrighl of slo(k
So. of hag! h(l{h
m
6
7
, ·06
8
9
'0
I . '2 I
I
.
4'2
, ·6
I 78
.
Wri,(ht pu mt
ofjfrxu spou
kg
9"
, 063
I '2 1 5
I 367
I 519
,,!!,'olt: Allow 180 mm avcragc thickness for 50 kg bags
laid flat and average or 900 kglm' stored loose.
Section 7 : Implements, Fuel and Workshop
SITING AND LAYOUT
Adjoining main farm access road, near to house and office, and
away from hay and straw storage.
Consider fire risk.
Pro\'ide vehicle turning space and forecourt.
TAULE 4 I
TJpico/ dlmmsi01lJ of some common farm 1T1Iplllnlllts
I
/.,er/gill
III 11/
rLOUCIlS
[kep digger trailed 1 : 3 furrow
Semi..digger-s furrow
Reversible, 2 or 3·furrow and depth control
wheel ploughs
CULTIVATORS
t>.founted rigid tine
Tool bar. Row crop
DISC HARROW
Mounted
Trailed
Springline harrow
position)
(3'04
m
FERTILIZER DISTRIBUTORS
Full width trailed
Full width mounted
Mounted spinner broadcaster
Trailed spinner broadcaster
SEED DRILLS
Multi-purpose (combine)
Potato planter 2 or 4-row
TOOL BAR
transport
III
" 22-2" 3
2 . 43-3 . 0 ....
" ' 4- 1 . 82
2 ' ,.3-2 '74
1'52-2'43
1 ' 52-2 " 3
" 98-5'63
'2 ' ' 3-3'65
" 52- 1 . 82
2 ' 74'3.65
2 ' 43-4'87
2'43-4'26
2 " 3-3'04-
3 . 0....- 5 . 7 1
2'43
1 '82
I '21
4 ' 26
3'04-3'65
2 '43-6'40
I .2,
2' 1 3
2 " 3-3 '04
2' '3
2' 74-3'g6
" 82-3'35
1
I
ROLLERS
Flat roll. Single
Cambridge Type. Single
WIdth in
.
'2 ,
. 52
I . 52
t • 52
2'43
'2 ' 1 3
68
TABLE
41
(,ontinutd)
Tj'pical d,mmsions ofsom�farm imp/mlenls
Implf'lllnlt
I
Ltngth In m
II'idlh
in m
"ORAGB IIARVBSTBRS
In line (height 2,6 m)
Offsct and double chop (h('ight 3"0 m"
HAV
I M P L £ M £ I'o T5
�Io\\er.s, mounted scmi.mountcd, I " 5 m
cu.-folded
Spider wheel IUl'"Oer or windrower
Mounlro
Trailed-transport
11,1), lroder
Ualers-Ne\\ Holland 276
Mas.scy Ferguson 703
• "9
2"43
Of"
0"9 1
2" 74
2" 713,81
." '
5" 18
I "
52
I " 2I
1 "82
3"20
2 '43
" OTATO LIPTI'.IU
Spinner mounted
Elevator digger
HarvC':Ster (hdghl 2 " 4 rn) 2-ro\\
Gradn: 5 tonne/hr type
B£BT IIARVUTBR (Height 2 " , m)
Single row trailer
D U N O ! l A NOLI NO " I P L £ JoI B N T !Ii
Fore-end loader
Spreader
, " ..
3 " 04
7"3 1
5 "°3
2'43
69
nlPLEMENTS, F U E L A N D W O R K S H O P
TAilLE 4 1 A
Typical dimlllsions and weighl$ of Jome of the heavier types offarm impltmenlS
Lnt,th ," '"
TRACTORS
Ford:
,
,
Counry
lOO"
Mll5Sey Ferguson:
,6,
'78
D;o\'id Brown: 880
Leyland Nuffield 4/6�
L
eyland Nuffidd .''l�
JOM Deere 3 ['};o
Track Layer(Medium
W,dLh
'"
S''};o
3 ' 6�
3'50
, "60
, '7�
'};''};3
3'50
3'�6
3' 1 2
,"a,
3'04
1 ,62
I '82
, " 60
1
,"0
3'35
m
Jlpp'Q;nm4L.
81QJS
W",IoL
'" /(''''',11
' ",
"
'
"
'"'
'" 0
,",
, "8
'"0
'7�
, '75
I '52
, 8,
6",
'"0
3'35
'" "
.'57
,"8
, ,
'"'
,"8
'" 3
'" '
T",",", tlld.
J,()mtln
III m
3'27
3 ' 6.�
�' 411
6'70
7 '3'
7"0
7 "'
" 31
,".
2 ' .6
COMII.SE IIAR\'ESTt!.R$
M_y Ferg>uon ;
2'!'9 m labl..
3'04 m lIbl",
I
3 '65 m !;oble
..' '};6 m !able
Claas Scna.!or, transport'
working position:
.' '};6 m CUller bar
g' 75
6"
TRAILERS
6 I upping
7 I tipping
10 I IJppiug
'"0
,"0
�'46
0"8
0"8
0",
,"8
0"8
I'"
,"8
," 8
"
7 "'
7 '
7"'
7 "'
!
LI�UID MANlJll1': TASKS
, 0 5 litres
S I '}; l.itres
LANO RovaRS
Regular
Loo.
LOII,IlIES
Long wbedbase
Shon wbcdb.ue
Articula,ed
Bulk milk lankers;
Rigid 7 9,';5-9 091 li!.r""
Articulated
1 1 4'0-'2274 li!l'CI
, "68
, "68
g ' '4
4' 67- 5'79
'0'66--'2" 9
,
I
I '0
I '0
" .
I L '0
1
1,
,"8
, "'
, ",
2'U
2'43
2 '43
20'0-24'3
12'2-'5'2
12 ' 2
10'0
10
'0
,"8
2'43
Nou : Approximate b�ght of traclor
•
"
top of safety cab,
2
' 4-2' 7 m,
•
70
F A R M B U I L D I N C S POC KET BOOK I N METRIC
TABLI� 4 '2
FULl lan); si;:u
Capoclly
Tnuknus
'"
of l1ltl
II/rtl
m mm
I�ngln
Brtodth
llngnt
137
1 137
, '6
, '0
, '5
I '3
, '0
, '0
, '0
0' 9
1 - 25
1 - 25
1 ' 25
0'9
I ' 25
, '5
I ' 25
I
I
Slq
7:18
2 728
:2
,'0
,'0
, 6
3"
DllnfflSf()1U In m
TAB!
.�
B'tignt
,
'
0
Empty
89
"3
2.1'
,67
368
I
In
Ag
Full
978
97
I �1
2 388
�
, ,89
43
IVorJ..snfJ/J ddllils
;';0, of tracton
,
6
\\'orkshop 'I.i1.c
4 ' 8 x g ' o tU
g·6xg·o m
OD
"
1 4 ' 4 )( g ' o m ·.la·8x q ' 2 m
8 A S t C DATA
Implant",s
Ov('rall height of combine harvcsters, 3-4 m.
Approximate height of tractors to top of exhaust, 2 m,
Consider need for height allowance of I m above to avoid fire risk,
and also for tractors filled with cab_
Except where indicated in Table 4 1 height of most common farm
implements s
i less than 2 m,
Futl
Storage tanks may Ix- rectangular in section and arc made:- of
dC!lcaled untreated mild sh... d shcet (black iron) as 799 .n'.t at slope
of 30· 10 mm pcr m of kngth, f."tlling away from oull('1 end.
BOllom of tank sct approximately I 4 m above gTound level.
Provide for 3-4 wceks' consumplion based on 225-450 litrcs per
wed. per traclor.
A licence is rcquiroo from Ihe local authority for storage of petrol.
•
7'
i).IPL F.. M E NTS, F U E L A N D W O R K S H O P
fIIorl.Ihop
Optimum work bench size per vice place, 2 250
mill.
Optimum size or inspection pit, I 800 X 750
X
I
700 mm deep
parallel to \\'ork bench. Allow I 500 mm run ror each additional
vice place.
Allow 6 x 6 m or 36 m! minimum ror implement washing down
area.
C O N S T R I'CTIQ N A L D A T A
SJIlJi
For implements, structural rramc 9 m span open·r,·onted shed.
Encloscd structure. 1 2 m span. Eaves height, 3-4
combine
harvester).
eaves height, 3
Ill .
For
workshop,
III
(4 5
m ror
structural rr:une, minimum
Con!>lder overhead beam ror Itrling tackle.
Floor
Concrete or hardcore la id Ic\'el.
Provide duck-boards to \\ork benches.
lValls
Concrete blocks or 2'25 mm brickwork part shected, and between
stanchions in workshop.
Roof
Asbestos or corrugated metal sheeting.
Consider insulation for workshop.
L I GHTINC
Da}·light
Translucent roof lights or hoppered windo....'S, on north side of
workshop.
A't�foial
1 0 watls per
rns
of floor area with localized lighls over bench in
\\orluhop. For fluorescent lighting allow approximatdy one-third
or this power input.
-
72
F A R M BUILDINGS POCKETBOOK I N METRIC
Natural
Op("n doors, hoppcred windows, ridge or gable end ventilation
to dwipa le exhaust fumes.
ArtifICial
'lechamcally operated fans \\here necessary.
W A T E M. R E Q.U I R t!. M E N T S
Standpipe for filling radiators and tractor tyres, washing down
implements and fire fighting.
DRAINING
To soakaway or ditch through grease/oil trap.
R E F I� R I !. N C E
hxed Equipment of the Farm LeaAets
lVtwAShop and �9-The T,acwr Fllel Slbre.
�.J-Tht lmplmunt Shed and
Section 8: Framed Structures
Level site in close proximity la farm road, electricity and water
supplies preferable.
Steeply sloping sites may need levelling, retaining walls and
drainage works.
Adequate turning space, both inside and outside buildings, for
vehicles, mechanical handling implements and parking.
Allow for future extension.
TABLE 4 4
Suitable dimensionsJOTframed structures
Rtf..,.,
Q,lICtI� (Wt/a/
f'''''�'
(F"
• •
)
Slur poH"/
!.am,
(F
.g. ,)
In
Spa.n 'A'
9-15 m
9-15
Eave. heil:ht '8'
,-6 m
,-6 m
(600 mm
n
i crement)
{600
mm
increment)
Roof pitch 'C'
iD degrees or
Lean-to 'D'
22�, 16!, I I J
(up to I:; m
...,,)
.8-20 up to
13'2 m
15 and 1 1 * for
' 3 ' ';1 m and
o\'er
Slut 11"." "'!tit
eIlrw"
,,»/
(F" . �l
Pf�-fllb,,·,al.d
h,�6" f,<Jm.
(Nil. Flg.�II"g,
IIHI "" d.)
5'<4.-'9 '"
6-15 m
2 ' .-6 m
(600 mm
n
' crem"nl)
"1 " 4-,,-8 m
incremeul)
-
ut-30
(600 mm
Muimum Sl>all
r
or pitch in
degrees of
",
16t
I
9 - ' 3 ' ';1 m
".
Minimum span
.'5 m
9 m (eonomi<:a1)
-
6 m (economical
mwmum span)
13'2 m
(maximum)
Lean_lo eaVd
height 'E'
2 ' .-3-6 m
2'+-3'6 m
-
2·4�3·6 m
Bay length
,'S or 6 m
, ' S or 6 m
,'Sor 6 m
9 0r ,'S m
'50 X ';lOO mm
250
17.5 X 100 mm
200
Average
uanchwo .i.te
X
150 mm
X
200 mm
.
BASIC DATA
Table 44 broadly indicates common span and height ranges but
rationalization introduced with the metric system demands com
pliance with the range of preference weightings shown in Appendix I.
73
74
PARM
O U I L D I N G S I' O C K E T B O O K I N M E T R I C
Wind bracing in roof esscntial for spans over 9 m
m
steel and
timber buildjn�.
l\finimum SllC of foundalions for steel barns 750
concrete frame 900 x 900
I 050
750
X
750 mm ;
mm.
Consult qualified adviser as regards suitable foundations for low
load·beari ng soils or made·up ground.
Fig. I . Concrete or Steel Portal Frame.
f
B
K
Fig.
A
)!
2. Steel Barn ....ith
.
Curved Roof
Section 9: Drainage
T R A D ITIONAL
SITING AND
LAYOUT
Separate systems for sto,"m walcr and foul dr·ainagc.
Consider storage of storm water.
45
TABLE
Approxi"Ult� a"wunt of dung alld urine ptr head cifanimals
0", "''I'!
Tyl>'
Adult cattle
Young "..ttle
P,1tS fa\'uage 10 hacon)
Poultry (")0 b"h)
..
(,ro",
0..,
m'
0,., "'Dflrh c" ......,k,)
W"t/It
k,
/,/ftJ
. . ..
'00
'00
'00
o·o�
,.
-
O' I 7
0'0'
,.
"
"
I
l.'"",
0..,
m'
.'
11"'1'"
{,,'U
o· I t
. 68
800
3
,00
'00
60
....
0'01
-
o·�6
0'°
(.
,00
V·V
..
'"
-
'
m
. ..
0 " '1"
0'°4
-
BASIC A N D C O N S T R U C T I O N A L DATA
Storm water from roofs may be discharged to ditch or soakaways;
minimum dislanc� from buildings, 3 ' 0 m.
Allow (,,11 I in 20 on uncovered paved areas.
Allow 1 1 0 litres per person per day, 48·hr retention.
Domestic drainage to cesspit or septic tank.
Size of cesspit depends on frequency o f emptying.
Allow 1 1 0 litres per person per day, 48·hr retention for septic tank.
Normal pipe sizes, 100 or 150 mm diameter.
Pipe falls, 100 mm, I in 40; 150 mm, I in 60.
Encase pipes in concrete and use heavy manhole cover where
liable to damage by vehicles, etc.
Trapped guJleys to all inleu.
P�ovide inspection chambers at all changes of direction and
within rodding distances on straight runs.
Ventilate all length! over 6 m.
Drainage systems need approval by local and river authorities.
75
76
PARM B U ILDINGS POCKETBOOK I N METRIC
SLURR Y
! I T l N G A N D LAYOUT
Limit unco\"ered yard area particularly in high ralOfall district.!.
Reduce areas to be scraped 10 minimum compatible "with efficient
c lea ni ng
Collect as near as po:>!>lble to stock building. Avoid risk of nuisance
by smell or contamination.
Observe req ui rcmcn l,'i of .\ hlk and Dair ies (General) Regulations,
and Rivers (Prevention or Pollution) Acts.
.
46
TABLE
bas,d 011 0
la
N,.
'I
QuallllV ofslul7J" in m'from caul"
028 m' P" 0lliJTll11 P" dnjl falling on unb,dd,d ouo
In mOt/tAr
'"'
a",�"
u.ttk
,.
,.
,
3·
,
�
�
.
90
'00
�
8
,.
"
:�
,8
••
,
8
,6
3'
,
,8
56
6,
7'
"
.
80
,
,6
3'
,8
6,
80
96
,"
,,8
:U
(4 �tks tllth)
,
5
�:
,.
".
,,8
,60
3
"
,8
7'
96
"
:itl
'9'
,,6
,,0
TABLE
.
80
96
,60
'00
22�
'5
,88
3'0
,80
3'·
'9'
" .
360
,00
6
,8
96
' 44
'9'
�38
336
38,
:�
47
Slaltld and $imilor ty/NS ofjiotm
T)p.
'I
SIOlk
Yearlings
Cattle
Sheep
Pigs
Width
Slat malma/
of slat
mm
Cap
mm
Timber, m('131 or precasl concr('te
Timber, mctal or precasl concreu�
Sortwood
Precallt concrete or metal
100-125
"5
25-75
25-50
38
38
,8
"
77
ORAINAGE
TABLE
48
Qllantiry of slurry in m3 from cattle on slats and in cubicle building baud on
o 042 m3 per animal p" day
.
No.
.f.
/,
""
am-
�,k
'0
3
6
9
=u
'0
30
,0
50
60
70
80
go
'00
In months (4 IJ..uks ecu:h)
,
..
"
36
�
..
'5
,8
7'
"
"
�
,08
'7
30
..0
,
3
,
5
6
"
36
7'
..8
' 44
, 80
,,6
,8
60
"0
,80
,,0
300
360
7'
' 44
,,6
,88
360
'3'
50,
576
6,8
7'0
,8
7'
96
"0
' 44
,88
' 9'
,,6
,,0
'5'
,88
3"
360
TABLE
g6
'44
'9'
'40
,88
336
38,
'3'
,50
,'0
480
540
600
49
Quanti!} of slllr", in 11/3 /)tr wuk/rom pigs
No. of
pigs
Meal and mash
jttding
ad lib
IJ.'. hiy /ttding
'0
'0
0·6
, ,
' ·4
,·8
,·3
5·7
, ,
'5
50
75
'00
.
.
'·3
'·8
5·7
8·5
II
.
3
NOltS :
Based on average 90 kg pig, and on
0 ' 056 m' solids
and liquids (sludge) meal and mash fcwing and o · 1 13 rn'
ad lib whey feeding.
Water used for swilling down must be added to above
quantities.
POULTRY
Laying birds produce 75 kg droppings per year or 75 tonnes per
I 000 birds of whieh 60-70 per cent is moisture.
(j,
T A B L e. 5 0
Capacity in
Ltngt�
of tQnJc
.. m
Dtplh of liquid
"
.. m
5-0
)-5
rW
of tanks 2TTI in ILidth and of t'arious ltngtlu and dtptlu
10'0
12'5
15'0
17'5
20"0
" 5
2: 5 " 0
2:7" 5
30"0
"
>
•
•
,
c
0-3
3 -0
,- 5
6-0
) -5
g- o
0-6
6-0
g-o
1 '2 ' 0
'5 " 0
,8'0
2'
o-g
9-0
'3'5
18'0
22"5
-,
12'0
,8"0
24 " 0
, -5
'5"0
'2'2 " 5
, -8
,8'0
,- ,
r
o
10"5
12"0
13"5
'5"0
16"5
,8"0
'0
'2 4 " 0
27 '0
30'0
33-0
36'0
'2 7 " 0
3 ' '5
36'0
4°'5
45 "0
49 - 5
54 ' 0
30'0
36'0
4'2 " 0
48"0
5' 0
60-0
66-0
7'2 " 0
30"0
37 ' S
45'0
5'2 ' 5
60-0
6)- 5
75"0
8'2 ' 5
go-o
'2 7 ' 0
36"0
45'0
s-ro
63'0
7'2'0
81 ' 0
go-o
99"0
108'0
2 1 '0
31"5
42'0
52"5
63'0
73' S
84"°
94-5
10y o
' 15 "5
126'0
,-,
'24"0
36"0
48'0
60-0
7'2 '0
84'°
gG - o
,08-0
1'20 " 0
'32 ' 0
1 11 ' 0
•
�
"'
,-)
'27 " °
4° ' 5
54-0
6) - 5
8, ' 0
9-+" 5
108·0
1 '2 1 " 5
135'0
q8 · 5
162 " 0
o
3-0
30'0
45"0
60-0
75 '0
go-o
105 " 0
120"0
'35 '0
'50'0
,65'0
,80'0
,
Z
o
•
•
o
o
"
�
"'
•
o
o
"
Z
•
79
D R A I N .4. G E
51
Rain/all 011 paud DUllS
TABLE
Rain/all
mm ptr annum
559
635
76,
889
I 016
I 143
I 270
I 397
I 524
Li/rlS ptr month
ptr lom'
I
I
I
455
528
6,6
734
837
9,0
0",2
145
263
m3 /Jtr month
ptr
10 rnl
0 ' 456
o· SIB
0·639
o· 731
0 · 820
0'944
I '036
I . 157
I ' 279
BASIC DATA
Allow for washing down water.
Open channels preferable to underground pipes.
Usual falls for channels, I in 40-60.
CONSTRUCTIONAL D A T A
Paled artas
Concrete laid to fall.
Allow for elCpall5ion joints in large areas.
Underground tjJllltfl.l tanks
Consult qualified adviser on installations over I 5 m deep.
All construction should be waterproofed.
.
Bast
Reinforced concrete with 2'25 mm toe projection beyond outer
face of wall.
Walls
Reinforced in situ concrete, reinforced brickwork, hollow concrete
blocks reinforced vertically with bars turned into concrete base,
prefabricated panels.
Gouty
In sit"
concrete or removable slabs.
REFERENCE
Fixed Equipment of the Farm Leaflet 2 1-D,airUlgt of tht Farm
Homestead.
Appendix I
CONTROLL I N G D I M EN S I ONS FOR
A G R ICULTU R A L AND H O R T I C U LTURAL
BU I L D I I'\G S
Preference Weigh1in't indicate thus:
First
Second
.
Third .
Bay spacing •
I
"'"
"""'"
•
J
..
J
Diagram 8
Diagram A
Diagram A-Horizontal spacing of structural zones.
Controlling lines:
Span
To be outer faces of structural zones.
Lenglh or bo.! To be centre lines of structural zones.
Jpacing
80
A P P P. N D I X
I
8,
Preference \\'eighting:
m
on
on
" 4
•
5 4
""7
•
6 0
3 "0
•
6 3
' 3 · '2
•
•
'4 4
'; 6
•
•
3 3
•
6 6
16·8
3 6
•
7 2
,8 0
3 9
•
7 8
'9 2
•
4 "
•
8 4
'9 8
•
4 5
•
9 0
4 8
•
•
20 4
9 6
•
1 0 · '2
•
2' 6
•
'0 8
I I
4
•
'2 0
•
.
Diagram B-Principal vertical dimension. Height:
Lower plane
To be Roor level or highest ground level.
UPPtf plane
To be through the intersection of upper plane of
roof structural zone, i.e., top of purlins or
equivalent structural memlx:n, either horizon ...
d
or inclined and the external fall of vertical
structural zone.
82
P A R M B U I l. D I N G S
POCKETBOOK I N MeTRIC
Preference wcighLing:
m
m
, -5
4 -2
,
8
•
4 -8
2-,
5 -4
2 -4
6-0
2 7
•
•
6-6
3 -0
7 -2
3 -6
7 -8
•
•
8-4
In case of both diagrams A and B upper limits of preference weighting
may be extended in increments of I . 2 m.
Appendix I I
METR I C CONVE R S I O N FACTORS
S.l. symbol
COllursionfaclorfor ImptTia/ unll
mm
m
Inch
Foo<
Ya,-d
Sq. millimclrc
Sq. centimetre
Sq. metre
mm'
cms
m'
Hectare
ha
Sq. inch
Sq. inch
Sq. foot
Sq. yard
Acre
64 ' 2 mm'
. 452 cm'
0 ' 0929 rnt
0'8361 rnt
0 ' 4047 ha
Cu. foot
Cu. yard
0 ' 028 m '
Q ' 765 m3
4' 546 litres
Metric W1it
ungth :
t-lillimelre
Metre
Ana:
Vofunu:
'
25'4 mm
0 ' 3048 m
0'9144 m
�
Cu. metre
rn
Litre
litre (I)
G:allon
(ma.u) :
Gramme
Kilogramme
g
kg
Tonne
Litre (I kg water)
<
litre <I)
Ounce
Ib
cw<
<on
Ib
28'35 8
0 ' 4536 kg
50.80 kg
1 ' 016 t
0 ' 4536 kg
·C
·Fabrenheit
Subtract 32
multiply by 5
and divide by 9
kJ
8.t.u.
Wnght
TtmfHralUTt :
Degree, Cdsiw
Enngy and Heat:
KilojouJe
Othn unit.l:
I
I
Thermal
c(;mductiviIY
Thennal
transmittance
W/moC
\V/m-oC
!�pend;x
J ' 055 kJ
III
Appendix I I I
I NS U L A T I O N
TERMS AND S 1 MBOLS
°C-Degrccs Celsius
Thermal Conducti\'ity
(k) (IV'm C)
Property of a material regardless of
thickness, i.e., a measure of its ability
to conduct heat.
In 5.1. units expressed as heat Row
in waits per square melre of surface
area for a temperature difference of I 'C
per metre lhidmcss expressed as
\"m
m'
C
'
but as thickness over arca cancels IQ m
the symbol normally used s
i W/m"C.
Time,
a
separate
dimension
in
the
Jmperial system disappears, wall being
a falC of heat flow replacing the unit
B.t.u./ft.
Thermal TransmiU31lCC
(U) (IV/m' 0C)
The amount of heat
that wilJ Row
through a structure over a given unit
of area and lime per unit dilTerence of
temperature between the air on each
side of Ihe construction. It is calculated
as the reciprocal of the sum of the
resistance of each layer of the con·
struclion and the resistance of the inner
and outer surfaces and of any air space
or cavity and expressed as \Vatts per
square metre per 0 Celsius.
Relative Humidity
The amount of water be.ing carried by
the air at any temperature in the form
of waler vapour, expressed as
a
per.
APPENDIX It I
8S
centagc of the lotal amount the aLr IS
capable of carrying at that particular
temperature.
As other materials within the building
will always come into equilibrium with
the relative humidity of the air, this will
determine the dryness of bedding
material such as straw.
CONVERSION OF U VALUES TO ME TRIC
E Q U I V A L ENTS
U llalllt
(B,t.u,/ sqJl h OF)
0'07
0 ' 14
0' '5
0' 16
0' 17
0 ' 1 76 ,
0 ' 18
0 ' 19
0 ' 20
0'21
0 ' 22
0 ' 23
0 ' 24
0'25
0 ' 26
0'27
0'28
0'29
0'30
0 ' 31
0 ' 32
0 ' 33
• '00
Altfric tquivalmt
JII/m1tC
0 ' 40
0,80
0 , 85
0 ' 91
0 ' 97
• '00
1 '02
• ,08
, ' '4
1 ' 19
I ' 25
' ' 3I
I ' 36
1
'4'
1 '48
I ' 53
I' 59
1 '65
I ' 70
I ' 76
I ,82
• ,88
5,68
86
P A R M B U I L D I N GS P O C K E T B O O K I N M E T R I C
I N S U LA T I O N V A L U E S OF DRY MATER I A L S
CO�I�IONLY USED I N FARM BUILDINGS
ROOF STRUCTURES
( INCL UDING VAPOUR BA RRIER)'
Corrrlgaled asbestos
150 mm corrugations, unlined
150 mm corrugations ,\'ith 25
mm glass fibre
infiU, Aat
asbestos sheet underlining and battens
150
mm corrugations Wilh
25
Insulation
value
7 -95
I
-08
mm glass fibre infill, ,\'ithout
battens (combined sheet)
150
mm corrugations with ceiling of building paper carried
on wire mesh with
300
25
mm glass fibre mat
mm corrugations unlined
300 mm corrugations with
25
mm glass fibre inftll, Aat
0 97
asbestos sheet underlining and battens
300 mm corrugations with 25 mm glass fibre infill, ,\'ithout
batlens (combined sheet)
Corrugated siut
75 mm corrugations,
unlined
Clay tiles
Uninsulated. plain tiles
Uninsulated plain tiles lined \\'ith
25
mm boarding
3-Ply jilt
25 mm nominal sawn boards
3-ply felt on 25 mm nominal sawn boards ,,·i th 25 mm glass
3-ply felt on
wool on flat asbestos sheel
25 mm nominal sawn boards and 50 mm wood
3-ply feh on
wool slabs
3-ply felt on
25 mm nominal sawn boards with 50 mm com
pressed straw slabs
·Water vapour passing through building materials may Rt up con
densation within, thus reducing the efficiency of the insuJation A vapour
seal must, ther fore, be provided. Vapour harrien may be of bitumen,
plaslic sheet, non-corJ'O$ive mew foil! or 'fully compressed' Rat asbestos
sheet. care being taken to seal the edges.
.
e
APPENDIX III
WALL S TR UCTURES
Brickwork
I 12 mm common brickwork
225 common brickwork
225 mm common brickwork with 50 mm wood wool slab
and 1 2 mm cement rendering
275 mm cavity brickwork
1 12 mm brickwork, 50 mm cavity and 100 mm block
1 1 2 mm brickwork, 50 mm cavity and 75 mm insulating
block
Concrete blocks
225 mm hollow concrete block
fllsu/atioll
u/liue
3 - 64
2 ·67
I
53
' 44
Ot/UT r1ll1teriais
stone
1 9 mm weather boarding, building paper and 100 X 50 mm
studs
19 mm weather boarding wilh inlernal lining of50 mm wood
wool and 1 2 mm cement rendering
450 mm
I · 14
Appendix IV
S A F E T Y I N F A R M B U I L D I NG S
Regulations
made
under
the
Agricuhure
(Safety,
H�ah.h
and
\,'elrare Provisions) Act, 1 956 impose on both the employer and
employee
a statutory requirement as
regards safety and
other
mC<l!.ures to be taken in farm buildings. A Farm Safety Guide to the
Safely, Health and Welfare Act and Regulations can be obtained
without charge on application 10 The Safety inspector at the nearest
Divisional Office of the r.. linislIY.
There are also other precautions which it is desirable to take in
order to achieve a satisfactory standard of safety. The Safety In·
spectors and the Agricultural Development and Advisory Service will
advise
on
the wa)'
in \\·hich statutory requirements and other
precautions may be incorporated in the design and layout of farm
buildings. For convenience, the more important requirements on
\\
hich further advice may be needed are set out below.
In the main tJle Imperial measurements quoted in tJlis Appendix
are statutory requirements which cannot be changed to metric
until revised Regulations have been laid before and approved by
Parliament.
In the meantime straight conversions are given for
guidance only
STA TUTORT REQUIREMENTS
W O R K P L ACE S
Gttleral
Stain.vays (i.e., a permanent stai.·case or permanently fi.."(ed ladder,
either inside a building or giving access to a building) and floors
(i.e., any structural surface inside a building or forming part of a
building, which a worker has to use during the course of his duties
other than fo.· purposes of construction, alteration or maintenance)
must be as safe as is reasonably practicable for the purposes for
which they are to be used.
Stairways including permanml fixed ladders
No step (i.e., rung or tread) may be ftxed solely by nails, screws
or similar devices altJlough brackets or bearers which support
steps may be ftxed in this way.
88
APPENDIX
89
IV
A JlUS5tng step or other weakening and apparent defect
permilled.
Open sides of a stairw'ay, if over 3 Ct ( 9 ' 4
mm)
s
i
not
high, must be
fitted with handrails. Closed stairways above this height must
have a handrail on one side.
Sleep stairs, which are virt'ually fixed ladders, fitted at an angle of
30 deg. or less from the vertical must have a secUi<; hand hold at
the top but need not have a handrail since the stiles serve as such.
0ptnings in floors and walls
Openings through or from which a worker might fall more than
5 ft
(" 5
m) must be guarded either by a fence not less Ihan 3 ft
(914 mm) high, rails not less than 3 ft ( 9 ] 4 mm) or more than
3 fl 6 in. ( 1 066 mm) above the floor, or covers (including grids
provided these give no less protection than covers).
Other guards required include:
Optning in floors-By a cover, fence or guard-rail.
Edgt.s of floors-By a fence or guard-rail except
where the floor
ends at an opening in a wall. This can be designed in such a way
as to give free access for loading or unloading, say, a loft Aoo!".
Opening in walls-By
a door, fence or guard-rail, except where the
opening is 4 ft ( , . 2
or less from lap to bottom or those with
rn)
sills more than 2 Cl (610 mm) above the floor.
Grain pits, s/oktholds and furnau pits-By
there
s
i
i
a cover, fence or rail f
a risk of the worker falling more than 5 ft
( I .5
m).
STATIONARY M A C H I N E R Y
Gtneral
Apart from the special requirements to protect the worker against
contact with moving parts, those described below must also be
observed.
Slopping dtvices
Prinu "",vu (includts eltCtrn m.olOrs)-�!ust
have a readily accessible
d6vice (switch) by which it can be quickly stopped. The switch
should be fitted on or near the prime mover unless the prime
mover is more than 6 fl 6 in. (2 m) from places to which a worker
has access or is otherwise situated so as to prevent him coming
n
i to contact with it.
go
FA R N 9 U I L D I N C S POCKE.TBOOK
Stotllmory mtJchinu (otM tJum pmne
IN
METRIC
mO(lCf).-Must be fiued with
either loose pulley and striking gear, dutch or other device readily
accasible to the worker by which power from the prime mover
can quickly be disconnected, unless the slopping device for prime
mover is read ily accessible.
Stcppmg or dutol1ntCting tleIJlttJ-r-.'lust
not be liable to reconnection
by Vibration.
Su;llclitJ
Prll1u
.fwilch-�tusl be marked to indicate how lhe prime
mover may be stopped. If the s\\ itch is not on the prime mover,
"'OI.'n
it must dearly indicate which prime mover it controls.
Where two or more manually operated s"itcha control a prime
mover, they must be so connected that once the power u dis
cOllnected at any one switch it cannot be: reconnected unless that
switch is subsequently manually operated.
LighJing
Adequate natural or artificial light must be provided where a
prime mover or machine is used.
H E A L T H A N D WE.LFARE
Central
Regulations, lhe enforcement of which rest.! with local authorities,
require that suitable and sufficient washing facilities and sanitary
conveniences must be provided for workers.
Facilities installed to comply with the Milk and Dairies Regulatioru
will nonnally be acceptable provided they are not in any room
where milk is handled.
O THER NECESSA R Y SAFEGUARDS
Effiut1lt disposal
Effiuent tanu should be provided with fence or coveI'". There is
a
statutory obligation to provide guards ror cesspools and settlement
tanks under the Building Regulations.
Dust hatards
Any buildings in which operations create dust conditions should
be fitted with dust extraction equipment unless alternative satis
factory ventilation can be provided and maintained.
91
Grain biru and siloJ
Should be provided with proper steps and handrails, as appro
priale, to ensure safe access to top.
Rungs of vertical ladders should be not less than 8 in. (203
from wall of bin or 10 in. (254
mm)
when across corneT.
mm)
Ladders with hoops or fitted inside tunnel should allow minimum
distance of 5
n
i .
( 1 2 7 film) between rungs and wall.
Chain andjfight conveyors
Should be guarded where trough may be used as hand hold.
uthal gas hazards
Adequate precautions essential to avoid risk of asphyxiation of
both men and stock when dung pits and channels arc emptied,
and when damp grain is handled in confined spaces, and when it
is necessary to enter a silo containing silage, e.g., sealed and lower
silos, food preparation pits, etc.
Tracrors fitted with safdy cabs
Approximate height of tractor to top of cab 8--g ft (� "4-2 " 7 m).
All doorways to be used for tractors to be minimum height of
9 ft ( ' · 7 m).
Electricity
All
installations
should
conform
Electrical Equipment of Buildings
to
the
Regulations
for
the
(with amendments to date)
published by the Institute of Electrical Engineers, particularly
Section K, Agricultural and Horticultural Buildings.
Fragile roofing
Crawling boards should always be used when working on or
moving across fragile roof materials such as asbestos, perspex, etc.,
sheets.
Appendix V
O T II E R U S E F U L I N F O R � I j\ T I O N
CodtJ of Rtcommmdatlons for the I1'tifart of Livesttxk
The following Codes of Recommendations for the Welfare of
Livestock
(as provided for in
Section 3 of the Agriculture (l\liscc1-
Ianeous Prov�ions) Act 1968 have been approved by Parliament
and published:
No I-Cattle.
No 2-Pigs.
No 3-Domcslic Fowls.
No 4-Turkeys.
Copies of the Codes are available free to livcstock keepers on
application to the nearest Divisional Office of the �lini5try of
Agriculture, Fisheries and Food.
No atlempt having been made when preparing this edition of the
Pocket Book to .oc\·isc the data contained in the current Imperial
edition, this may be found
10
vary in some respects from the
advice given in the published Codes. Where such differences do
occur, the advice given in the Codes or in any published revision
thereof will prevail.
When the next edition of the Pocket Book is prepared, the data
givcn will be reviewed and revised as necessary in the light of the
Codes as then approved and published.
Prior Approval for Ntw or lmprol:td Buildings and Layouu
Readers are reminded that before new or improved buildings or
layouts are inl l'oduced on to both agricultural and horticultural
holdings prior approval from the local authority, river authority,
the l\linistry itself as well as other authorities may be necessary.
Where doubt exists as to the need for such approval or the authori·
ties to whom application should be made, it is recommended that
in the first instance and before any work is commenced, advice
should be sought from an appropriate source.
Farm Buildings Ctntrt
The Centre was founded in 196.. jointly by the Farm Buildings
93
Association and the Royal Agricultural Society of England. It is
an independent body aiming to improve the standard of farm
buildings by the provision of technical information s ervices.
The
Centre
s
i
situated
at
the
National
Agricultural
Centre,
Kcnilworth, \Vanvick. I t includes demonstration areas and exhibi
tion buildings for various classes of livestock and materials suitable
for use in (ann buildings. Investigations arc undertaken into the
housing and other requirements for livestock and reports are
issued from time to lime. There
technical service
s
i
provided for
s
i
a reference library and a
land owners, farmers,
their
professional consultants as well as commercial firms. Farm
Bu ildings Digest is published quarterly which includes reviews
on matten of current interest as \\-cll as an Abstract section giving
information and comment on selected current literature from
both at home and abroad.
A professional officer of the Agricultural Development and Advisory
Service
s
i
attached to the Celllre
as
Liaison Officer.
Particulars of membership of the Centre and the services it offers
can be obtained on application to the Director.
Appendix V I
Publlca/jom
Stt/joMl List No. " Agriculture and Food, tills all publicoltofU pupar�d by
the Afmistr;J of Agriculture, Fishtriu and Food. Copiu Iru on opplicotwn
lo H.M.S.O.
The following publcatioru
j
can be purcham/from Her Afajuty's Sw/jOtn,}
OJJUt at thl. addrUJts listed on back cover or through booksellers.
F I X E D E QU I P � I E N T OF T H E F A R M
L E A F L ETS
I7!P (19/»
Farm Dairies. F.E.F. No. 3. lOp ( l I ip)
The Md}.i"g Parlour. F.E.F. No. 5· q ! p ( 1 9P)
Pmnanml Farm F"lCt1. F.E.F. No. 6. 15P ( 1 6tp)
CaUlt Grids/or PrIvate Roads. F.E.F. No. 7. lOp ( l lfP)
F,"" G"ts. F.E.F. No. 8. 5P (6tp)
Groin Storage F.E.F. No. g. In prep.
Form and Estale HtdgtS. F.E.F. No. 1 1 . 1 4P ( IS!p)
The RoadcifLtxal Ala/mol. F.E.F. No. 12. gp (/otp)
CattltCrwh and Equipment. F.E.F. No. 1 3. I 4P ( 15tP) .
Shup.Handling Pt11.I and BoW. F.E.F. No. 14. l i p (13/J)
SMlltr Btlts/or Farmlands. F.E.F. o. 15. 27!P (29/J)
The Bull Pen. F.E.F. No. 1 6. lOp (1IiP)
Pwervatian a/ Timber and Mttal. F.E.F. No. 1 7. 20P (211P)
Soi/·Ctmtnt Roads. F.E.F. No. Ig. gp ( loiP)
Elutricit.1!or Farm and Estate. F.E.F. No. 20. gp (l()tp)
Vrainngt ciftJu Farm Home.stead. F.E.F. No. 2 1 . 15P (16jp)
Loou Housi"g of Dairy Cows. F.E.F. No. 22. In prep.
The Hausing ofCaIIJtJ. F.E.F. No. 2]. 15P (/6!p)
The implmunt SJltd and Farm Workshop. F.E.F. o. 25. I I P ( 13P)
The Rtpaj, and Main/manet a/Farm Burld
rngs. F.E.F. No. 26. lOp (1 Iip)
T,actor FUl.l Storage. F.E.F. No. 29. 9P ( I O!p)
Proofing ofForm Buildings against Rots a"d Miet. F.E.F. No. 32. 5P (6,p)
The Concrtle Rood. F.E.F. No. 33· 9P (I liP)
Silage SlQres. F.E.F. No. 36. 9P (IO�P)
Trtt, Bush and Slump Cleorana. F.E.F. No. 37. l i p (13P) .
Cou-nowtS F.E.F. No.
I.
94
95
Floor and Roo/Comlnaton.
i
F.E.F. No. 38. l i p (13P)
lVolI Conslruclion. F.E.F. No. 40. 12!P (t4P)
Round Timberfrom the Farm. F.E.F. No. 42. 22tp ( 24P)
Duign ofHortieultural Pl1ckjng Sheds. F.E.F. No. 44· 9P ( /otp)
Pig Finishing HowtJ. F.E.F. No. 46. lOp (/�p) (Revision in prep.)
Shup HousinK' F.E.F. No. 47. 1 7!P ( 19P
)
Potato Chitting Housu. F.E.F. No. 48. 5P (6-�p)
EltcIT;' Lighting on the Farm. F.E.F. No. 49· 71P (9P)
Housing of Bu/Cattlt. F.E.F. No. 50. 1 7tp (J9/J)
Housing thtSow and Litlu, F.E.F. No. 5 1 . l i p (13P) (Revision in prep.)
Horticultural Buildings Pocketbook. 1 7�P (20p)
B U LL E T I N S
Poultry Housing and Erwironmtnt. Bull. No. 56. 55P (S8tp)
Farm Grain Drying and Storage. Bull. No. '49. 6SP (69/J)
Housing the Pig. Bull. No. 160. In prep. 27tp (JOP)
Bulk Storage oJ Potatoe.J in Buildings. Bull. No. 1 73. In prep.
Pruned iD England ror Her Majesty's Stat>oac.ry Office: by Eltioll Bra.. &: Yeoman Ltd.,
WOCKknd Avenue, S�ke. L�erpoot L1. gJL.
Dd. �oo8gl
K.8 ,,000 g/,I
Cp.•,.
l ea d the way i n
buildings
Sou1h W.n
��I�� :�Olhll. Clllton, B.luol BS8 IE:J. 8",10120121
::�:1:�:00d, Kent P,ddOtk Wood 4433
�'o!;�' H"nllnlldon PEP 4LW SI I�es 2491
��o�:!��" Aucltl.nd. Co. Ollrhlm. 81'''0/1 Auc.I."d 3961
" King SUMI. SlirUI'IO· StilI/fig 2532
( Crou n copyrit;ht 197'
Published by
l I e R � I A J I! S T Y ' S S T A T I O S E R "
O P P I C .:
T o b e purchased from
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6118
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109 SI Mar) Slreet, Cardiff CFI IJW
Bral.cnnose Strccl, Manchester
,,60 8A�
50 f31rrax Street, Bristol BSI 30£
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SON 1 1
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I

A1.P8 Farm Buildings Pocketbook in Metric

Transcription

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