Op FAJAR

Transcription

Op FAJAR

Patron
Admiral Tan Sri Abdul Aziz Haji Jaafar
Datuk Nasarudin Md Idris
Editorial Advisor
Vice Admiral Dato’ Abd Hadi A. Rashid
Captain Rajalingam Subramaniam
Chief Editor
First Admiral Dato’ Chin Yoon Chin
Fiona Clare Pereira
Editorial Panel
Royal Malaysian Navy
Captain Mohamad Azuwan Harun RMN
Commander Saleem Jailani Shahul Hameed RMN
Lieutenant Commander Noorlida Rahaman RMN
MISC Berhad
Zakiah Hanim Mohd Hamdan
Farah Alina Abd Aziz
Photography
Public Relations Wing Navy Headquaters
Public Relations Wing Fleet Operations Command Headquarters
Group Corporate Affairs MISC Berhad
Fleet Management Services MISC Berhad
& Personal Collections of Op FAJAR Crew
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the publisher.
Published in November 2013
Some images used are provided by a third party as is without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, included but not limited to, warranties
of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement. All attempts to attribute the sources of the images have been made by MISC
Berhad and the Royal Malaysian Navy.
OP FAJAR
THE MALAYSIAN SUCCESS STORY IN THE GULF OF ADEN
2008 - 2013
Minister of Defence Malaysia
I would like in the first instance to congratulate the Royal Malaysian Navy and the Malaysian International Shipping Corporation
for their concerted effort in publishing this coffee table book. Op FAJAR: The Malaysian Success Story in The Gulf Of
Aden is a sincere account of the challenges faced and sacrifices made by Malaysia’s security personnel involved in a crucial
operation to protect Malaysia’s vital economic trade route in the Gulf of Aden. The RMN and MISC have set example for other
nations to follow suit in providing close escort to merchant ships plying this pirates’ infested area.
This year marks the 5th anniversary of this operation. To date, a total of 476 MISC ships with estimated trade value worth
more than RM60 billion has been escorted during the 23 series of OP FAJAR. It could not be disputed that this operation is
crucial to the nation’s economic well being. The uninterrupted flow of commerce has allowed Malaysia’s economy to flourish
over the years.
Apart from commemorating the 5th anniversary of OP FAJAR, this book also serves to record a heartfelt and sincere
appreciation from a grateful nation to the men and women involved in this operation. Without their personal sacrifices and
commitment, the operation would not turn out as successful as it is today. On behalf of the government, I would also like to
record our gratitude to MISC’s contributions without which the success of OP FAJAR would not have been realised.
Thank you for giving me the opportunity to pen a few words in this coffee table book.
YB. DATO SERI HISHAMMUDDIN TUN HUSSEIN
Minister of Defence Malaysia
I
November 2013
II
Laksamana Tan Sri Abdul Aziz Bin Haji Jaafar
The Chief of Navy
I am honoured to pen the preface of this Coffee Table Book entitled Op FAJAR: The Malaysian Success Story in The
Gulf Of Aden. This book unfolds the joint efforts between the RMN and MISC in combating piracy in the Gulf Of Aden and
Arabian Sea. This operation symbolises the unique Civil-Military Cooperation in preserving Malaysian’s national interests.
It also supports the National Blue Ocean Strategy and the Total Defence concept. This Coffee Table Book depicts the
achievement and contributions of the RMN and MISC crews during Op FAJAR.
Op FAJAR was, initially, a full-fledged military operation whereby the RMN was called in to rescue the hijacked MISC ships,
BUNGA MELATI DUA and BUNGA MELATI 5. The operation developed into an escort mission as the route was no longer a
safe passage for ships. One of the MISC ships, BUNGA MAS LIMA was later refurbished and commissioned as the first RMN
auxiliary ship in June 2009. MISC crews were then recruited as RMN Reservists. Since then, the escort duty increased;
another MISC ship, BUNGA MAS ENAM was commissioned as the second RMN auxiliary vessel in August 2011.
This pictorial cum narrative account of Op FAJAR would enable readers to better visualise the day-to-day operations while
ensuring the safe passage of the MISC ships to their destinations. Notably, the dangers and unknown encountered by the
RMN personnels and MISC crews are something that no one can envisage. In this case, the sacrifices made by all parties for
the love and glory of Malaysia should be honoured and well respected.
I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude and thanks to all who had contributed in this operation. Without their efforts, the
RMN and MISC would not be able to share their experiences with the public. In addition, I would like to extend my appreciation
to MISC for their cooperation in publishing this Coffee Table Book. Finally, it is my earnest hope that this book will trigger
other corporate entities to emulate MISC’s role in safeguarding Malaysian’s interests.
TAN SRI ABDUL AZIZ JAAFAR
Admiral
Chief of Navy
III
November 2013
IV
Datuk Nasarudin Bin Md Idris
President/CEO of MISC Berhad
This publication, celebrates the gallant efforts of those involved in Op FAJAR which began as a rescue mission of Bunga
Melati Dua and Bunga Melati 5 hijacked by pirates in 2008. Op FAJAR subsequently developed into an escort and
protection mission to combat the threat of piracy and ensure the safe passage of MISC ships through the Gulf of Aden and
the surrounding waters.
Piracy in the Gulf of Aden, the Red Sea and the Arabian Sea has affected numerous international carriers since early 2000.
Swift action had to be taken to curb maritime piracy which was affecting the safety of our people, asset and operations as
well as the nation’s economy.
Thus, a strategic collaboration was forged between the National Security Council, the Armed Forces, the Royal Malaysian
Navy (RMN) and MISC to start an escort and protection mission with the aim of ensuring the safe passage of all MISC vessels
plying the Gulf of Aden.
MISC crew members were recruited as RMN reservists, and one of MISC’s ships, Bunga Mas Lima was refurbished and
commissioned as the first RMN auxiliary ship in June 2009 for this purpose. As demand for escort duty increases, another
MISC ship, Bunga Mas Enam was commissioned as the second RMN auxiliary ship in August 2011.
Op FAJAR: The Malaysian Success Story in the Gulf of Aden unveils the story behind the creation and the ongoing
success of Op FAJAR. This pictorial effort expresses among others, the daily duties of the crew, their commitment to perform
above and beyond the call of duty, and the many facets involved in the establishment of Op FAJAR.
This publication is also a note of appreciation from MISC to all members involved in Op FAJAR over the years. It relays a story
of trials and tribulations, and most importantly, it is a story of valour. On behalf of MISC, I would like to extend our sincere
appreciation to the Government of Malaysia, the Armed Forces, the Royal Malaysian Navy and the National Security Council
for their selfless assistance during our time of need and for their continued support in ensuring the safety of our crew and
ships plying the Gulf of Aden.
DATUK NASARUDIN MD IDRIS
President/Chief Executive Officer
V
November 2013
VI
VII
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE
1. OP FAJAR: THE BEGINNING
2. PIRACY
3. OP FAJAR: THE PRESENT
4. THE RESCUE OF BUNGA LAUREL
5. NATIONALISM AND VOLUNTEERISM
GALLERY
PRESS CLIPPINGS
VIII
1 | OP FAJAR
2
The Hijacking of MISC Tankers
In 2008, the world was shaken by the news of two MISC tankers hijacked at the Gulf of Aden.
On 19 August 2008, BUNGA MELATI DUA, on its way to Rotterdam, Netherlands was hijacked
by Somali pirates at the waterway between Somalia and Yemen. The pirates, who were armed
with handguns, AK-47 rifles and rocket propelled grenades, managed to take control of the
ship at approximately 3.10pm (local time). The palm oil tanker led by Captain Romulo G.
Buhayang had 39 crew members on board consisting of 29 Malaysians and 10 Filipinos.
On 29 August 2008, 10 days after the first incident, another MISC chemical tanker was
intercepted and seized by another group of Somali pirates. BUNGA MELATI 5, led by Captain
Maheswaran Muniandy with 41 crew members on board consisting of 36 Malaysians and 5
Filipinos, was heading towards Singapore from Yanbu, Saudi Arabia when it was hijacked at
around 2.50am (local time) in international waters off the coast of Yemen. The crew of BUNGA
MELATI 5 tried to deter the pirates from boarding by attacking them with high pressure
water. This attempt, however, failed. The Captain also attempted evasive manoeuvring but
was unable to stop the hijackers from boarding. Six pirates armed with AK-47 riffles, hand
grenades, shotguns and 9mm automatic handguns managed to seize the vessel and all
hostages were brought to the Radio Room. The Captain and two other officers were held at
the Bridge to navigate the ship to their hideout. During the initial hijacking period, none of the
hostages were allowed to leave the Radio Room apart from toilet usage. They were only fed
bread for sustenance.
3 | OP FAJAR
Captive MISC crew
confined centrally.
MISC chemical tanker.
Crew's living space ransacked
by Somali pirates.
4
The joint coordination
effort in the Emergency
Response Centre at
MISC's Headquarters in
Kuala Lumpur.
A special emergency squad comprising of representatives from MISC, MAF and NSC was immediately
formed to resolve the piracy issue.
The Emergency Response
Information Status board
at the MISC Emergency
Response Centre.
5 | OP FAJAR
The tanker was taken to the pirates’ haven, Eyl, a town in the northern Puntland
region of Somalia, a good distance away from the attack point. It was only three
days later that MISC was able to establish communication with the pirates on
board BUNGA MELATI DUA. It was then that MISC was informed of a casualty
– a Filipino crew member was hit by a stray bullet which ricocheted during the
pirates' attack.
On 3 September 2008, communication was established with the pirates on board
BUNGA MELATI 5 and MISC was informed that all 41 crew members of BUNGA
MELATI 5 were unharmed and accounted for. This brought the total number of
MISC crew held to 80 people.
“It was one of the most challenging times I’ve ever
faced but I’m very thankful for the swift support from
the Malaysian Government and to see the unity
between the private sector and government sector
of our country.”
Tan Sri Dato’ Shamsul Azhar Abbas
No other person was under more pressure than the then President/CEO of MISC, Tan Sri Dato' Shamsul Azhar Abbas, during the hijacking
of BUNGA MELATI DUA and BUNGA MELATI 5. Before joining MISC, Tan Sri Dato' Shamsul had spent his entire career at Petroliam Nasional
Berhad (PETRONAS), having joined them in 1975.
Prior to his appointment as President/CEO of MISC, Tan Sri Dato' Shamsul had held various Senior Management positions in PETRONAS
including VP Petrochemical Business, VP Oil Business and VP Logistics and Maritime Business.
Tan Sri Dato' Shamsul led the negotiations with the pirates in consultation with the National Security Council, the Royal Malaysian Navy and
hostage negotiation experts. An added pressure to the negotiation process was the fact that any decision made in the negotiation had
an impact on other vessels that had also been hijacked by Somali pirates, some of which had been in captivity for more than six months.
Between leading negotiations with the pirates, comforting the family members of the crew, managing the press and media, and leading the
various task groups, Tan Sri Dato' Shamsul spent 42 days in MISC's crisis room doing his best to manage the situation.
6
7 | OP FAJAR
In Remembrance of
JAYSON DUMAGAT
1982 - 2008
MISC Seaman who died on 19 August 2008 during the hijacking of
BUNGA MELATI DUA
8
9 | OP FAJAR
MISC chemical tanker
BUNGA MELATI DUA.
10
Rocket Propelled Grenade discarded by
pirates on board BUNGA MELATI DUA.
One of the vessels' bridge window
shattered by pirates' small arm fire.
Condition of the bridge after
it was vacated by pirates.
11 | OP FAJAR
It was a difficult period for the Muslim crew as it was the beginning of the Holy month
of Ramadan. They were subsequently moved from the Radio Room to the Officers'
Lounge and the crew was able to break fast at the Officer's Mess hall. The Captain
and the two Senior Officers however had to remain at the Bridge under tight watch
by the pirates.
The pirates patrolled on shifts day and night, equipped with night vision goggles and
walkie-talkies. The pirates were easily agitated and enraged most of the time due to
their addiction to cannabis. They were also easily provoked, constantly fighting with
one another and randomly fired bullets in the air. Any vessel that came close to the
hijacked vessel was considered a threat and in panic, shots were fired blindly. The
crew knew that they had to remain calm at all times and not irritate the pirates.
Pirates' lookout post on board
BUNGA MELATI DUA.
12
As days went by, the negotiation with the pirates became more intense. The pirates forced
the hostages to call their family members, a move to pressure MISC into agreeing to their
demands.
First Admiral Dato' Abdul Ghani
leading the table top discussion.
13 | OP FAJAR
Pre-rescue discussion
at Djibouti on board
KD SRI INDERASAKTI.
The Royal Malaysian Navy ship, KD LEKIU.
14
Finally, after negotiation terms were fulfilled, BUNGA MELATI 5, together with its crew were
released on 27 September 2008, after almost a month in captivity. The freed tanker then headed
to Djibouti while they waited for the release of BUNGA MELATI DUA.
BUNGA MELATI 5.
15 | OP FAJAR
The crew looking relieved
after their release.
After 6 weeks of detention by the pirates, BUNGA MELATI DUA was set free
on 29 September 2008 at 11.14pm (local time). The tanker then set sail for
Djibouti where BUNGA MELATI 5 was also anchored.
On 2 October 2008, the two tankers arrived at Djibouti port and the crew were
met by the Malaysian Ambassador to Yemen, Abdul Samad Othman, MISC's
then President/CEO, Tan Sri Dato’ Shamsul Azhar Abbas, the then RMN Fleet
Commander, Vice Admiral Dato’ Ahmad Kamarulzaman and NSC Secretary
Dato’ Muhammad Hatta Bin Abdul Aziz. MISC specially chartered a Malaysia
Airlines plane to bring the crew back to Malaysia. All crew members safely
landed at the Subang International Airport, Malaysia on 4 October 2008 and
were immediately reunited with their families.
Crew at Djibouti airport.
Crew in Djibouti waiting
to return home.
16
The Royal Malaysian Navy ship,
KD SRI INDERAPURA.
17 | OP FAJAR
“The effectiveness of Op FAJAR in providing security assurance
to MISC ships is an outstanding achievement in maintaining the
country’s maritime interests. Op FAJAR is the commitment of the
RMN to provide a service which contributes indirectly to national
economy.”
Admiral Tan Sri Abdul Aziz Bin Haji Jaafar, Chief of Navy
18
“Op FAJAR reflects the RMN’s
commitment in ensuring that the national
interest is protected globally. It could be
a benchmark for many other international
maritime committees.”
Vice Admiral Dato’ Abd Hadi Bin A. Rashid
19 | OP FAJAR
Birth of Op FAJAR
With a sole mission to rescue the hostages from armed pirates, a directive was issued by
the Malaysian Chief of Navy to use all available RMN assets to accomplish this mission.
For the first time in Malaysia, an armed forces team which consisted of all three Malaysian
Military Services – the Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN), Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF) and
Malaysian Army, were brought together in one operational concept.
Many agencies and individuals were involved for the rescue operation of BUNGA MELATI
DUA and BUNGA MELATI 5. A small committee was formed, chaired by Vice Admiral Dato’
Abdul Hadi, whose past experiences include curbing sea robberies in the Malacca Strait.
Also invited to share their experience was a special group from the French Navy who had
experience a similar encounter with Somali pirates. Here marked the birth of ‘Operasi Fajar’,
codenamed ‘Op FAJAR’.
20
“Maintaining national security and ensuring that it continuously
improves requires the effort and synergy of not just one sector, but a
cohesive group of people from different departments and agencies
who all strive for the same goal. Op FAJAR is a shining example of
how this works when it comes to defending national security, even
when it transcends our borders. Difficult decisions were made and
cooperation from related agencies was essential, as well as a fullfledged commitment from our leaders. As a coordinating agency,
the National Security Council was at the forefront in ensuring the
mission was implemented and executed successfully.”
Dato’ Muhammad Hatta Bin Abdul Aziz,
Former Director of NSC
KD LEKIU escorting BUNGA MELATI 5.
21 | OP FAJAR
Op FAJAR was launched on 27 August 2008, when two RMN vessels, KD LEKIU and KD
SRI INDERAPURA, were sent on the inaugural mission to the Gulf of Aden. One vessel
was in combat mode while the other acted as a logistics and support ship. During this
pilot operation, the combat ship was not sent to battle. It was instead on standby to
protect BUNGA MELATI DUA and BUNGA MELATI 5 from being potentially captured by
another set of pirates upon their release.
KD LEKIU ready to receive helicopter.
22
“To ensure the success of the operations, constant training is crucial.
There is no room for error during real life situations as many lives
and livelihood are at stake.”
Training on board.
Rear Admiral Dato Abdul Ghani Bin Othman RMN
The crew of Royal
Malaysian Air Force NURI
helicopter with CTG First
Admiral Dato' Abdul Ghani.
23 | OP FAJAR
The success of the first Op FAJAR was also primarily due to the technical aspects of the Naval
ships as well as the physical strength and capabilities of the unified armed forces. This first
operation in the Gulf of Aden was led by Rear Admiral Dato’ Abdul Ghani Bin Othman (then
First Admiral Dato' Abdul Ghani) who was the Commander Task Group (CTG) at the time of the
mission. The operation kicked off without a set duration and the crew had to remain in Somali
waters for long stretches. It was important to maintain a healthy morale throughout the mission.
The CTG led by example, conducting table top meetings daily and catered to the wellbeing of the
crew. He was instrumental in maintaining high crew focus and performance even during mock
drills and trainings. The consistency acts were the most frequent training sessions held, created
to ensure that there would be no room for errors during the actual rescue event. t
CTG presenting the exchange protocol to Chief
of Staff of Fleet Operations Command HQ.
24
“Op FAJAR is a total package, different from any other countries’.
If you look at, it is like a door to door service, escorting vessels
from one safe zone to another”
Captain Ganesh a/l Navaratnam RMN
At the helm of KD SRI INDERAPURA was Captain Ganesh a/l Navaratnam RMN. He joined the RMN
in January 1980, underwent his basic training at Kem Sebatang Kara and was later commissioned
on 2 November 1981. Over the course of his career, he was given command of KD TOMBAK and
KD SERANG before taking over command of KD SRI INDERAPURA in 2008. In April 2008, he was
promoted to the rank of Captain and is currently serving the RMN as the Director of Strategic
Management in Navy Headquarters.
Being a logistics ship, KD SRI INDERAPURA carried the bulk of the troops, medical teams and air
craft crew, as well as two helicopters.
25 | OP FAJAR
The Royal Malaysian Navy
ship, KD SRI INDERAPURA.
26
KD LEKIU sailed off on the rescue and protection mission with a PASKAL team, one medical
officer and one SUPER LYNX combat helicopter. KD SRI INDERAPURA was equipped with a
supporting team from all the three services and also included one medical team, one SUPER
LYNX helicopter, one FENNEC helicopter and a NURI helicopter which was painted white for
camouflage purposes. Upon arrival in Somali waters, both KD SRI INDERAPURA and KD LEKIU
were made aware of the exact locations of BUNGA MELATI DUA and BUNGA MELATI 5.
KD SRI INDERAPURA stationed itself 10 nautical miles from both captured vessels as it waited
for further instructions. During this time, KD SRI INDERAPURA and KD LEKIU rehearsed possible
scenarios for boarding BUNGA MELATI DUA and BUNGA MELATI 5. A Force Integration Training
(FIT) was initiated at a rapid pace. A comprehensive rescue mock up was staged to conduct
real time training. The procedures in the mock up rescue training included the acquisition of a
proper platform ship and the usage of a Forward Operational Base to recreate a real rescue
mission scenario.
Helicopter training with MISC ship.
27 | OP FAJAR
Spie Rig training on
board KD LEKIU.
Boarding training.
28
This operation had three main tasks to complete:
• rescue the hostages and the hijacked ships
• collect tactical information at the operational zone
• support external agencies when ordered
The FIT conducted proved to be useful when the team took over the hijacked
vessels after the pirates had left and both vessels were safely escorted to
Djibouti.
29 | OP FAJAR
BUNGA MAS LIMA and BUNGA MAS ENAM escorting
MISC ships through the Gulf of Aden.
30
Malaysian Armed Forces
medical and surgical team.
Royal Malaysian Air Force NURI helicopter crew.
31 | OP FAJAR
Upon the successful rescue of BUNGA MELATI DUA and BUNGA MELATI 5, KD MAHAWANGSA was sent to the
Gulf of Aden under the codename Op FAJAR 2/2008, to escort and safeguard other MISC vessels which were
also currently sailing in the Gulf of Aden. The vessel sailed off on 7 September 2008 with a crew consisting
of PASKAL team members, RMN Air Crew and a medical team. KD MAHAWANGSA was fully equipped with
special aid devices, such as Automatic Identification System (AIS), Electronic Navigation Chart (ENC), Fleet
Broadband System and Broadband Global Area Network (BGAN) to ensure the effectiveness of this operation
in tandem with their mission. Captain Khalid Bin Jaafar RMN, the then commanding officer of KD MAHAWANGSA,
was mandated as The Commander Task Group.
KD MAHAWANGSA performed her duties for three months and returned to Lumut, Malaysia on 12 December
2008.
The Royal Malaysian Navy
ship, KD MAHAWANGSA.
32
MISC vessels escorted by KD LEKIU.
33 | OP FAJAR
Worried about the pervasive nature of the pirates in the surrounding area as well as
the possibility of further capture of other MISC assets, brisk coordination between KD
MAHAWANGSA and MISC were held to strategise the escort of four of MISC vessels at a
predetermined point. The first convoy was with the vessels SERI BEGAWAN, STOLZEN, BUNGA
MELATI 7 and BUNGA MAS LIMA.
34
The main mission of this operation was to provide protection to the four vessels from impending pirate activities and to
ensure the safety of the crew. The planned strategy of the mission was for the four vessels to form a Line in Column with
a distance in between each vessel estimated at 1 to 1.2 nautical miles. Vessels with a lower Free Board - the distance
from the waterline to the upper deck level - were positioned closer to KD MAHAWANGSA while vessels with higher Free
Board sailed at a further distance. A team of PASKAL made up of eight members were placed on board each vessel for
increased protection. The teams were stationed on the vessels either via boat or helicopter, depending on the weather.
The embarkation and disembarkation was not only limited to daytime as some of the operations took place during the
night.
35 | OP FAJAR
During the operation, KD MAHAWANGSA escorted a maximum of four vessels
at a time. Throughout its operation as an escort vessel, KD MAHAWANGSA had
successfully escorted 37 MISC vessels in 17 convoys, including a special convoy
for government assets, amidst numerous obstacles and difficulties along the way.
36
Hoisting Rigid-Hull Inflatable Boat
from the tank deck.
37 | OP FAJAR
KD MAHAWANGSA initially faced some minor technical difficulties but this was soon fixed
during the resupply stops at various nearby harbours, including Salalah, Aden and
Djibouti. The technical difficulties did not hinder or affect the operation.
SUPER LYNX helicopter on board KD MAHAWANGSA.
FENNEC and NURI helicopters on board KD SRI INDERAPURA.
38
Sports and recreational
activities on board vessel.
Congregational prayer
on board KD LEKIU.
39 | OP FAJAR
Sports and recreational
activities on board vessel.
During such an operation, the mental and physical health of the crew
is crucial. In order to lift their morale, they were given the opportunity
to contact their family members whenever possible. Numerous team
activities were also held on board. Sporting activities and games
played include badminton, ping pong, volleyball, tug of war and a
friendly soccer match with the Yemen Coast Guards. During the time,
the crew also observed three major festival celebrations on board,
i.e. Hari Raya Aidilfitri, Hari Raya Aidiladha and Deepavali. Though
far from family, relatives, friends and home cooked festive meals, the
festivities were still celebrated joyously on board.
Religious Officer giving
'khutbah' during Hari Raya
Aidilfitri celebration on
board vessel.
40
2. PIRACY
41 | OP FAJAR
2. PIRACY
Unknown source
42
43 | OP FAJAR
2. PIRACY
The hijacking of MISC ships are just a few of the many hijacking attacks
conducted by Somali pirates. They are known to operate in various areas
of the Gulf of Aden and surrounding areas, from the entrance to the Red
Sea, through the Gulf of Aden and expanding even to the Indian Ocean,
leading to the reputation of the Gulf of Aden as the most dangerous
passageway for merchant ships in the world.
Imagery ©2013 TerraMetrics, Map data ©2013 Basarsoft, Google, MapIT, ORION-ME
44
Political Unrest
In 1969, the assasination of the Somali President saw Somalia's decline into lawlessness
as political instability rippled through the country, ultimately leading up to the Somali
Civil War. The war resulted in several locally established governments – the Puntland
State of Somalia, independent Somaliland and the Southwestern State of Somalia, none
of which however, were capable of providing a national solution. In 2008, a formation
known as the Transitional Federal Government was founded in Mogadishu in an attempt
to centralise the national governing from the separate administration. The Transitional
Federal Government of the Republic of Somalia was internationally recognised as a
government until 20 August 2012. Its tenure officially ended and a new parliament, the
Federal Government of Somalia was inaugurated.
Somali women.
45 | OP FAJAR
Unknown source
2. PIRACY
Imagery ©2013 TerraMetrics, Map data ©2013 Google
46
Somali children.
47 | OP FAJAR
Unknown source
2. PIRACY
Economic Pressure
There are currently around 10 million inhabitants in Somalia, with most of them living
a nomadic or semi-nomadic lifestyle. Agriculture and livestock remain the main source
of income and a means of living for most Somalis. The country’s economic activity is
mostly concentrated in the coastal areas, doing well in trade but on a smaller scale
than neighbouring Arab countries. A high number of Somalis work as fishermen in the
coastal areas of the republic.
Unknown source
48
The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 at a cost of USD100 million led to a significant rise in global trading.
The Gulf of Aden became a forefront passageway for shipping lines between East and West. Nevertheless,
the increase in worldwide attention brought a negative impact to the Somali fishermen. Fishing soon
became more and more difficult as the increase in vessel traffic through their area of livelihood led to a
decline in the numbers of fish. The depletion of fish was also attributed to illegal vessel waste dumping in
the Somali waters. Caught in a financial rut with limited work options on land due to the nation’s economic
and political instability, these fishermen were lured to join the pirates. Piracy proved to be a lucrative
source of income, where each person was able to earn between USD6,000 to USD10,000 per ransom
case. In return, their sea experience and knowledge made them attractive recruits for the pirates.
49 | OP FAJAR
2. PIRACY
Somali pirates.
Imagery ©2013 TerraMetrics, Map data ©2013 Google
50
51 | OP FAJAR
2. PIRACY
Piracy Expansion
By the year 2000, armed pirate groups soon emerged on the coastal lines of Somalia. They
claimed to be coastguards on a mission to protect the interests of Somalia’s fishing resources
by attacking vessels that were found to be conducting illegal fishing activities in the Somali
waters. Their activities escalated between 2000 and 2008, with the pirates boldly expanding
their reach and in so doing, increasing their power. Areas affected by pirate attacks were now
not only limited to the coast of Somalia, but also grew to the Indian Ocean, the entrance to the
Red Sea and finally to the whole Gulf of Aden.
Imagery @ en.wikipedia.org
52
53 | OP FAJAR
2. PIRACY
The Modern Pirate Framework
With the rise of global trading, the world is becoming increasingly smaller in terms of communication and trade. The
high number of vessels sailing the world’s seas had created a clear and common “shipping line” which subsequently
created chokepoints at some confined areas. Waterways such as the Malacca Strait and the Mandab Strait are known
to be the world’s most congested in terms of main shipping line convergence. These areas are narrow, with an
exceptionally high volume of ships sailing through. This decreases pirate interception areas making ships more prone
to pirate attacks. Decreased pirate interception areas allow modern day pirates to know exactly where to wait and
where to intercept merchant ships. It is difficult however to stereotype their operational methods according to location.
Being the risk takers that they are, it does not matter where the pirates come from, or how they look like; they strike
whenever the opportunity arises.
54
Major Piracy Areas Around the World
Sunda Strait
Located close to the Malacca Strait, the Sunda Strait is an alternative sea-lane for ships
travelling to South East Asia. Located between the Indonesian islands of Java and Sumatra,
the strait also has a fair number of pirate attacks, an overspill effect from the pirate
hotspot of the Malacca Strait.
55 | OP FAJAR
2. PIRACY
Caribbean Seas
The Caribbean Seas has also reported a significant number of piracy attacks
of late. With the Panama Canal connecting the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific
Ocean, many shipping vessels and civilian yachts pass through this area. The
high density of ships has attracted many pirates to the area.
Gulf of Guinea
The recent increase in piracy activities reported here has become a
major worry. Employees of oil and gas companies shuttling from land
to the oil interests in the Gulf were their initial targets, but now, being
more equipped, they have begun targeting bigger ships for goods,
cargo and even oil.
Imagery ©2013 TerraMetrics, Map data ©2013 Basarsoft, Google, MapIT, ORION-ME, INEGI, MapLink
Imagery ©2013 NASA, TerraMetrics,
Map data ©2013 Google, MapIT
56
Small in Magnitude, High in Occurrence
These small acts of piracy are concentrated in coastal areas, targeting smaller ships that happen
to pass by, berth or set anchor. Their main target is mainly cash on board or portable goods
that can be easily resold. Their weapons of choice range from knives to small arms. Typical
attacks occur at night, usually in smaller groups. This method is commonly found in the Malacca
Strait and the Caribbean region. Natural bays and dense vessel volume make it geographically
advantageous for small pirate ships to easily hide from view. Activities are usually small in scale
but with a relatively high frequency of attacks. “Pirate-friendly” surroundings and landscape
make it exceedingly difficult for the patrolling navies to apprehend these small-scale pirates.
Suspected pirate mother ships
operating in the Gulf of Aden.
57 | OP FAJAR
2. PIRACY
58
Imagery @ www.tribalturk.com
Somali pirates with Rocket
Propelled Grenade.
Imagery @ neftegaz.ru
Somali dhow.
59 | OP FAJAR
2. PIRACY
Somali skiff and mother ship.
Big in Magnitude, Small in Occurrence
These large-scale pirate attacks occur in the open seas and are found mainly in the African region (at the Gulf of Aden and
the Gulf of Guinea). They are more organised and are believed to operate using small boats and in disguise, mostly as
local fishermen. The smaller boats or skiffs are linked to a hub in the form of a mother ship or a central location. Scouting
and information flow exist between these organised pirates. These large-scale piracy acts impact the world economy. The
pirates’ activities here are concentrated on bigger vessels, such as oil and gas and cargo vessels. Targeted goods range
from the actual cargo itself (oil transferred to another ship to be sold to the highest bidder in the black market), the vessel
(commandeer the ship to be repainted and later sold as a “phantom ship”), or in the form of ransom. In recent years, ransom
has been the preferred form of financial return for the pirates of African origin, especially in the Gulf of Aden, as it is proven
to be the easiest form of piracy. It is believed that there is a strong connection between these pirates and organised crime
syndicates or terrorist groups; where the pirates are given financial support to help finance and continue their activities.
60
The International War Against Piracy
Numerous initiatives have been undertaken by international shipping committees
to curb piracy attacks. Global vessel owners have increased security on board
by adding various types of on board defence mechanisms as well as through the
hiring of private security escorts. Naval patrol and joint collaborations between
governments have been formed to control and lessen piracy activities in certain
areas.
61 | OP FAJAR
2. PIRACY
62
ASEAN Solution (Malacca Strait)
Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) navies have jointly agreed to patrol their waters to
ensure freedom of navigation in their respective waters. Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia formed the
Malacca Strait Sea Patrol (MSSP) in 2004, conducting coordinated patrols while facilitating the sharing of
information between ships and the Monitoring and Action Agency (MAA). To further reinforce this effort, the
Eye in the Sky (EiS) initiative was launched in September 2005, providing combined and coordinated aerial
surveillance over the strait using maritime patrol aircrafts from all the three countries. This cooperation was
later on joined by Thailand in September 2008.
A 30mm gun on board KD LEKIU.
63 | OP FAJAR
2. PIRACY
International Interest: Gulf of Aden (Somalia)
Somalia has extended authority (via the United Nations) to countries and treaties, such as Canada, Denmark,
France, Russian Federation, Spain, the United States of America, Member States of the European Union and
the NATO Standing Naval Maritime Group to enter its territorial waters for the purpose of conducting authorised
anti-piracy functions. These countries and treaties have deployed naval warships to patrol and guard the
hotspot area. The naval vessels have the mandate to escort, inspect ships and also to apprehend pirates.
To further enable security measures by cutting off supplies on land, a general arms embargo has been
placed on Somalia, monitored by the UN Security Council since 1992. Amendments to the legal framework to
provide greater jurisdiction for enforcements and prosecutions of acts of piracy under the UN Security Council
Resolution 1851 (2008) have also taken place. The presence of warships has greatly reduced the incidents
of piracy. A full prevention however, is not that easily attainable.
Imagery @ www.sail-world.com
64
Extraction of Special Forces by Spie Rig
on board BUNGA MAS LIMA.
65 | OP FAJAR
2. PIRACY
Malaysia’s Role in Combating Future Piracy Issues
Malaysia and Thailand
Other than in the Gulf of Aden, the RMN also ensures the safety of local waters from pirate threats with bordering
countries. Numerous exercises are held annually with Malaysia's bordering countries to help strengthen safety at
water borders. The SEA EXERCISE THAILAND-MALAYSIA (SEA-EX THAMAL) is held between the RMN, Malaysian
Maritime Enforcement Agency (MMEA) and Royal Thai Navy twice a year. The exercise is concentrated within the sea
border between Malaysia and Thailand. The main objective of this exercise is to further develop good collaboration
and cooperation between the two nations in terms of information sharing and enforcement on sea robbery.
66
Malaysia and Indonesia
Another important exercise with a neighbouring country is
the PATKOR OPTIMA Operation which involves Malaysian
agencies, such as the RMN, MMEA, the Marine Police, Air Wing
Police, Royal Malaysian Custom, Fisheries Department, Marine
Department, etc with Indonesian government representatives
from their Marine and Fisheries Department. The main focus of
this operation is on smuggling of arms and drugs interdiction
at the Malacca Strait.
Malaysia and the Philippines
In order to enhance sea border safety between Malaysia and the
Philippines, a yearly exercise between the two governments focuses
on the patrolling operations along the sea border of the Sulu Sea
from Kudat to Tawau, Sabah. Organised under the codename
Operation PHILIPPINE-MALAYSIA (PHIMAL), the representatives
include the Philippine Navy, Philippine Air Force, Philippine Coast
Guard and Philippine Marine Police whereas Malaysia is represented
by the RMN, MMEA, RMAF, the Marine Police and other related
agencies.
67 | OP FAJAR
2. PIRACY
The Royal Malaysian Navy ships conducting
exercise with foreign navy.
68
Deck movement on board vessel.
Official launch of PALAPESLaut programme at ALAM.
69 | OP FAJAR
2. PIRACY
Fast Roping training
on board MISC ship.
Exercise to Combat Piracy
To combat regional piracy threats, the National Security Council (NSC), the RMN and MISC have joined forces to
launch a counter-piracy and counter-terrorism exercise called EX-NAGA EMAS. Established in 1987, this yearly
exercise is conducted to test the capability and readiness of the PASKAL team during a covert operation. The
exercise uses an MISC owned vessel to simulate real life events and occurrences that could happen anywhere
around the world. During this exercise, a scenario is created – the vessel is hijacked by participants acting as
sea robbers or terrorists and the PASKAL assault team must come to the rescue together with the supporting
assets, either by air through the RMAF or by sea via the RMN. The nation’s PASKAL team is always prepared
and are on standby mode for the safety of local ships. Their capabilities are second to none and they are on
equal footing with other special assault teams around the globe.
70
71 | OP FAJAR
72
KD SRI INDERAPURA performing escort duties.
73 | OP FAJAR
Op FAJAR - Phase 2: The National Blue Ocean Strategy
The success of sending KD LEKIU, KD SRI INDERAPURA and KD MAHAWANGSA under Op FAJAR led the RMN to continue escort operations
with Op FAJAR 3 and Op FAJAR 4. Under Op FAJAR 3, two RMN ships were tasked to escort MISC vessels into the Gulf of Aden. KD SRI
INDERASAKTI was in operation from 1 December 2008 until 2 March 2009, followed by KD HANG TUAH which was in service from 4
February 2009 to 1 March 2009. Escort operations were halted in April but with the increased piracy threats and the constant worry of
future piracy attacks, KD SRI INDERAPURA was deployed once again to the Gulf of Aden on 20 May 2009 under Op FAJAR 4. The vessel
was in operation until 14 June 2009.
While the escort strategy was a success, the RMN faced a number of constraints in running the operations. Three major concerns identified
by the RMN after Op FAJAR 4 were high operational costs, limited assets owned by the RMN and the operational region which is far from
its naval base.
The Royal Malaysian Navy ship, KD HANG TUAH.
KD SRI INDERAPURA and KD LEKIU
conducting training at sea.
74
Since the commencement of Op FAJAR, six RMN ships were sent for operations
in the Gulf of Aden totalling 306 work days from September 2008 to June 2009.
These ships had successfully escorted hundreds of MISC vessels and were at
hand to ensure continuous vessel security and safety. This operation, however,
cost the government an astounding RM53.3 million. Furthermore, the use of
an operational ship for escort purposes seemed excessive as the mission was
not to battle the pirates, but to protect and secure the vessels in case of a
threat. As they were unable to maintain the deployment of assets for Op FAJAR
without compromising the responsibility of the Navy towards the country and in
protecting the sovereignty of Malaysia, the RMN came to the conclusion that it
was time to discontinue Op FAJAR. But MISC, concerned over the safety of their
crew and vessels, still believed that escorting vessels was the most viable mode
of security against piracy at sea.
MISC LNG carrier.
MISC chemical tanker.
75 | OP FAJAR
Unknown source
MISC had already looked into numerous available options at the Gulf of Aden. There were collaborations of naval
forces from multiple countries at the Gulf of Aden during that time but they were deemed not adequate enough
to facilitate MISC’s discerning needs and safety concerns. The most crucial concern to MISC was the safety of the
crew during their route in the Gulf of Aden.
76
“The whole concept of mobilising a civilian ship into a naval auxiliary
vessel in a very short time, and to be able to do a fit-for-purpose job
well that sustains itself for a very long period, is an achievement we
can all be proud of.”
Vice Admiral Dato’ Seri Panglima Ahmad Kamarulzaman
Bin Haji Ahmad Badaruddin
Vice Admiral Dato’ Seri Panglima Ahmad Kamarulzaman Bin Haji Ahmad Badaruddin was the Fleet
Commander during the hijacking of BUNGA MELATI DUA and BUNGA MELATI 5 and was appointed the
Commander Task Force (CTF) for the rescue operation Op FAJAR. He was part of the team which planned
the rescue of the hijacked MISC tankers and was involved in the planning of converting BUNGA MAS LIMA
from a merchant vessel to an auxiliary military vessel.
Vice Admiral Dato’ Seri Panglima Ahmad Kamarulzaman joined the Navy in February 1977 after completing
his studies at the Royal Military College, Malaysia. His last sea appointment was as Commanding Officer
of KD JEBAT. He has held various positions in the RMN including Assistant Chief of Staff for Plans and
Operations, Commander Naval Region 2 and Fleet Commander. He is currently the Deputy Chief of Navy.
77 | OP FAJAR
Discussions between MISC, NSC and the RMN continued on how to manage the risk at the Gulf of Aden and
how to ensure the vital continuity of Op FAJAR. Among the options put on the table were the continuation
of the Naval Escort, conversion of an MISC vessel into an auxiliary ship, or to position a security detail on
board whether by the Army, the Navy, reservists or by private security.
After much deliberation and through a series of discussions and meetings between the RMN and MISC,
consequently, the idea of converting a merchant ship to an auxiliary vessel took root. A detailed study
on this proposal was conducted by identifying the right ship, the conversion works required and the
cost impact. In concept, the ship is to be owned by MISC but temporarily leased to the RMN and will be
identified as a Naval Auxiliary Vessel. The ship will be painted in naval grey and have the privileges of a
naval vessel. The concept was to provide escort service to MISC in order to protect the nation’s assets
when plying the pirate-infested waters of the Gulf of Aden.
Conversion of BUNGA MAS LIMA at MMHE yard.
78
“Opportunities emerge during times of crisis and we will be able to
benefit from the changing competitive landscape if we continue to
adapt and transform ourselves.”
Mr Amir Hamzah Azizan
MISC's container vessel, BUNGA MAS LIMA, underwent a conversion into a Naval Auxiliary Vessel
capable of escorting merchant vessels across the Gulf of Aden.
Mr Amir Hamzah Azizan was the President/CEO of MISC during the time of the conversion of BUNGA
MAS LIMA. Under his leadership, MISC formed a team to work with the RMN on a proposal for the
conversion and operation of Malaysia's first Naval Auxiliary Vessel.
Before joining MISC in 2000, Mr Amir Hamzah was with Shell and was posted in several countries
including Singapore, Malaysia and England. During the start of the economic crisis in 1997, he decided
to return to Malaysia in order to serve the country. He joined MISC as the Group's General Manager,
Corporate Planning Services and was appointed as the Regional Business Director (Europe, Americas,
Africa and FSU) of AET, MISC's petroleum arm in 2004. A year later, Mr Amir Hamzah was appointed
the President & Chief Executive Officer, AET Tanker Holdings Sdn Bhd. He returned to MISC in 2009
as the President/CEO until June 2010 before joining PETRONAS. He is currently the PETRONAS Vice
President Downstream Marketing and MD/CEO PETRONAS Lubricant International Sdn Bhd.
79 | OP FAJAR
Signing ceremony
during the launch of
BUNGA MAS LIMA.
Top view of an LNG carrier.
80
The proposal was then tabled to the National Security Council (NSC) for approval. With the
government giving its blessings, Malaysia became the first country in the world to embark on
this unique collaboration. By 10 February 2009, all details had been ironed out and BUNGA
MAS LIMA was converted to an auxiliary ship. As a legal agreement, the RMN leased the vessel
from MISC at a token of RM1 and the conversion cost was borne fully by MISC. This RM7
million conversion project was undertaken by MISC's subsidiary, Malaysia Marine and Heavy
Engineering Sdn Bhd (MMHE) at their yard in Johor, Malaysia.
Visit by Deputy
Defence Minister
Dato' Dr Abdul Latiff
to MMHE yard in
Johor, Malaysia.
81 | OP FAJAR
MISC's heavy engineering arm, MMHE, provides a wide
spectrum of services for the oil and gas industry in offshore
construction, marine conversion and marine repair. Its
yards in Johor, Malaysia, namely MMHE East and MMHE
West, has a combined total area of 197.4 hectares, making
it the largest offshore and marine heavy industry facility in
the region.
Briefing on board
BUNGA MAS LIMA.
BUNGA MAS LIMA on MMHE's landberth.
82
The newly converted BUNGA MAS LIMA was launched on 1 June
2009. Built in 1997, BUNGA MAS LIMA had a gross tonnage of 8,957
tonnes and a service speed of 16 knots. Modifications were made on
the ship in order to cater to the Op FAJAR missions. This included the
addition of a hangar for helicopter landing, added cabins for crew
accommodation and additional safety boats, such as a Rigid-Hull
Inflatable Boat (RHIB). The ship’s communication system was also
upgraded with satellite communication equipment. The conversion
also included storage for weapons.
At the same time, MISC Fleet Management Services worked closely
with the RMN to ensure that BUNGA MAS LIMA was fully equipped
to provide effective escort services. The downsizing of the on board
volume resulted in some technical constraints such as having a
'bounce' during sail. This caused the need for greater stabilisation
by balancing the cargo tank to make the ship heavier. A standard
operating procedure (SOP) was developed in order to operate the
ship. As it is a naval auxiliary ship, civilians are not allowed to operate
BUNGA MAS LIMA. Therefore an initiative was undertaken by MISC
together with the RMN to convert its normal merchant vessel crew
into naval reservists, who will be absorbed into the RMN Volunteer
Team known as Royal Malaysian Navy Volunteer Reserves or RMNVR.
Rubber Dinghy boat used by the Special Protection
Group on board BUNGA MAS LIMA.
Armoury on board.
83 | OP FAJAR
“Coming back after four years away directly into a crisis was
a whole new challenging experience and I was glad MISC
had the entire support of its staff and various Government
Agencies in the rescue of our crew.”
Captain Rajalingam Subramaniam
Captain Rajalingam Subramaniam, MISC's Vice President of Fleet Management Services, was
part of the team responsible for the planning and conversion of BUNGA MAS LIMA into an
auxiliary military vessel. He was also responsible for the introduction of the Naval Reservists
Programme in MISC.
He started his career with MISC as a cadet after graduating from ALAM in 1983, achieving
the rank of ship master before joining shore services in 1996 as a Marine Superintendent.
He has held various positions in MISC and in 2005, he was transferred to Singapore to
head the Ship Management unit of MISC's subsidiary, AET. He was called back to MISC on
1 September 2008, during the hijacking of BUNGA MELATI DUA and BUNGA MELATI 5 and
spent his first days back at MISC in the crisis management room.
In 2009, he was appointed as Honorary Commander of the Royal Malaysian Navy for his
support and role as Patron of MISC’s Naval Reservists.
84
Morning briefing by Commanding
Officer on board BUNGA MAS LIMA.
An open interview for MISC volunteers was conducted in search
for new naval reservists for the soon-to-be-operated auxiliary
ship. 21 men were selected for the first group of MISC’s RMNVR.
Selection was done based on their performance standard and
assessment. They were further vetted through by the RMN
with background checks conducted by the Intelligence Division
(Bahagian Perisikan). The MISC naval reservists then underwent
two weeks of armed forces training. Within the two weeks, the
MISC volunteers went through intense and difficult training to
ensure that they were fit and ready for their new roles. It was a
fully compressed military training that the normal crew had never
encountered before.
Firing training on board ship.
85 | OP FAJAR
Most of the volunteers chosen had worked in some capacity on board BUNGA MAS
LIMA before it was converted. Within a week, after the training in June 2009, the
RMNVR team were on their first mission to escort MISC ships in the Gulf of Aden. The
RMNVR team received direct orders from the RMN while still under the service of MISC.
The security management of BUNGA MAS LIMA was undertaken by the Malaysian
Armed Forces.
In order to further enhance the effectiveness of Op FAJAR, a programme called the
Force Integration Training (FIT) is held for the MISC-RMNVR, the RMN, the RMAF and
Malaysian Army prior to any upcoming operation. The programme provides integration
training to further improve communication and team cooperation before embarking
on their mission to the Gulf of Aden. The FIT has been a standard procedure from
the first Auxiliary ship mission to the current ones due to its effective preparation
procedures.
Flooding and fire fighting
training at Nuclear,
Biological and Chemical
Defence School, KD
PELANDOK.
86
Launching ceremony of Naval Auxiliary Vessel
BUNGA MAS LIMA by the Deputy Defence
Minister Dato' Dr Abdul Latiff on 1 June 2009.
87 | OP FAJAR
Maiden voyage of BUNGA MAS LIMA.
On 22 June 2009, the newly converted BUNGA MAS LIMA made her first voyage to the Gulf of Aden and her
first escort operations commenced on 3 July 2009. This unique collaboration between MISC, the RMN and the
NSC has proven to be successful and has resulted in the protection of trade in the area, recorded to being
worth an estimated RM63.3 billion in 2010. The nation’s assets are secured and operational expenditure
minimised.
Before the commencement of BUNGA MAS LIMA, the RMN had borne a very high operating cost of RM5.33
million per month. The operation of BUNGA MAS LIMA has helped reduce the RMN’s operating cost to RM1
million per month. Through the operation of BUNGA MAS LIMA, the amount of staff required for the operation
was reduced to a healthy 53 personnel from the initial crew of 185. The reduction has led to a positive, tightly
run operating environment.
The ongoing success of Op FAJAR has helped to further strengthen Malaysia’s presence in the maritime
industry and has played a major part in establishing the nation as a force to be reckoned with when it comes
to maritime safety.
88
BUNGA MAS ENAM:
An Exemplary Success of the Auxiliary Vessel Concept
The operationalisation of BUNGA MAS LIMA was soon noted as a historic milestone in the success of Op FAJAR.
The collaboration effort between the Malaysian Armed Forces (MAF) and MISC was the first of its kind in the world.
It proved to be a successful example of dedicated security at sea. Apart from protecting the nation's assets, this
unique arrangement led to more business opportunities for MISC, which subsequently resulted in an increase in
demand for BUNGA MAS LIMA's escort services.
Coupled with the increasing pirate activities in the shipping operating routes from the Gulf of Aden to the Indian
Ocean, the need for yet another auxiliary vessel of the same capacity was crucial to strengthen the security of MISC
vessels in the area. A second auxiliary vessel would provide continuous safety in numbers, whereby when one of the
auxiliary vessel is back for maintenance works and change of crew, MISC ships would still be protected by the other
auxiliary vessel. When both auxiliary vessels are sailing in the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, a more secure
arrangement becomes readily available.
BUNGA MAS ENAM setting sail.
BUNGA MAS ENAM
BUNGA MAS ENAM is the
second auxiliary vessel sent
to complement BUNGA MAS
LIMA. Originally a container
ship, BUNGA MAS ENAM
shares near similar properties
with her twin ‘sister’, BUNGA
MAS LIMA.
89 | OP FAJAR
Thus in 2011, another container carrier, BUNGA MAS ENAM was converted into
an auxiliary vessel. The conversion, which also took place at the MMHE yard
in Pasir Gudang, Johor, equipped the vessel with specific structures for escort
services. With the lessons learned and experiences garnered from the success
of BUNGA MAS LIMA, the conversion of BUNGA MAS ENAM went smoothly.
Launching ceremony of BUNGA MAS ENAM.
90
91 | OP FAJAR
On 8 August 2011, the newly converted auxiliary vessel was officially launched by the Chief of
Navy, Admiral Tan Sri Abdul Aziz Hj Jaafar, and the President and CEO of MISC Berhad, Datuk
Nasarudin Md Idris.
The modus operandi for BUNGA MAS ENAM was to emulate that of BUNGA MAS LIMA. As at
2011, BUNGA MAS ENAM had escorted more than 200 cargo ships throughout her service as an
auxiliary vessel.
Since the birth of Op FAJAR five years ago, the RMN has received numerous international recognition
and accolades for their efforts in maritime security. The accolades showered were from, among
others, the International Maritime Organisation (IMO), the Combined Maritime Forces (CMF), the
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) and the International Maritime Bureau (IMB).
The RMN was also approached by several interested nations wanting to know more about this
unique collaboration.
92
93 | OP FAJAR
94
95 | OP FAJAR
In January 2011, an attempted hijacking of MISC’s tanker BUNGA LAUREL put Op FAJAR and
subsequently, Malaysia’s battle against piracy in the Gulf of Aden in the international spotlight. The
events that unfolded during the crisis tested the effectiveness and capability of Op FAJAR.
BUNGA MAS LIMA in operation.
96
The Distress Call
On 20 January 2011, BUNGA MAS LIMA escorted the MISC tanker, BUNGA LAUREL, as it sailed
across the Gulf of Aden towards Singapore, carrying lubricating oil and ethylene dichloride
worth an estimated RM30 million. The two ships parted ways at 6.00pm (local time).
However, at 7.25pm (local time), the Captain of BUNGA MAS LIMA, Commander Nazri Sharif
RMNVR, received a call from BUNGA LAUREL reporting an unidentified vessel approaching
them on an intercept course. Commander Nazri RMNVR immediately reported the incident
back to MISC’s headquarters in Malaysia. Upon hearing the news, both ships were ordered
to turn around and head towards each other. By then, the unidentified vessel had moved
swiftly towards BUNGA LAUREL and the ship’s crew realised their worst fears – they were
being pursued by pirates.
97 | OP FAJAR
98
On board BUNGA MAS LIMA, the alarm was sounded, bringing the crew to attention as they became
aware of the impending threat. The Commander Task Group (CTG) on board, Commander Mohd
Maznan Mohd Said RMN (then Lieutenant Commander Mohd Maznan), immediately alerted all
personnel.
99 | OP FAJAR
100
101 | OP FAJAR
“Op FAJAR as a whole is a good example of a successful cooperation
between the government and the private sector. The successful rescue
of BUNGA LAUREL shows that we have the capability to handle this
kind of operation.”
Commander Mohd Maznan Mohd Said RMN
Commander Maznan RMN joined the service in 1994 as a Cadet
Officer and was commissioned in 1996. He joined the RMN's Naval
Special Force, PASKAL, after passing the Basic Commando Course in
1998. He was the Chief Operation Officer in KD SRI SEMPORNA when
he was selected to be the CTG for Op FAJAR 8.
As the CTG, he was in charge of all RMN operations on board BUNGA
MAS LIMA. Commander Maznan RMN alerted the team on the current
situation and instructed his team to begin preparations for a rescue.
While Commander Maznan RMN prepared plans for every possible
scenario, the PASKALs readied their weapons and gears as the other
crew members looked into supplies and equipped the Rigid-Hull
Inflatable Boat (RHIB) for immediate launch. The FENNEC helicopter
was readied and all preparations were completed at lightning speed.
102
Attempted Hijacking of BUNGA LAUREL
In the meantime, the pirates had caught up with BUNGA LAUREL. Launching a skiff boat from
the larger vessel, believed to be their mother ship, they closed in on BUNGA LAUREL and were
in view within minutes. Seven pirates were visible on board.
Unknown source
103 | OP FAJAR
Pirates on board
a skiff.
BUNGA LAUREL.
As they closed in on the tanker, the pirates fired their weapons at random while attempting to board the ship. They
were first met by the tanker’s defence mechanisms – razor wires surrounding the deck, holding back attempts to climb
the tanker’s hull. However, it only served as a delay mechanism. Several minutes later, the captain alerted everyone
that the pirates had overcome their defences and were attempting to climb aboard. With their training, the crew knew
exactly what to do. They immediately activated the Ship Security Alert System, switched off the main engine and briskly
took cover in the Citadel, a pre-identified safe room, to await the arrival of BUNGA MAS LIMA.
104
105 | OP FAJAR
Located 500km east of Oman, BUNGA LAUREL stood still, floating silently with the main engines shut
down and all the lights turned off. It was akin to a ghost ship, gliding slowly on the water. The only noise
breaking the silence was the sound of knocked metal and wood, and the constant shattering of glass as
the pirates hunted for the crew members of BUNGA LAUREL. Every room was tossed and turned. Inside
the Citadel, the crew remained silent, praying for their lives. Finally, through the sound of shattering glass
around them, they heard a deadly knock. The pirates had found the door to the Citadel.
Damage caused by
Somali pirates.
106
A Deadly Encounter
While the pirates relentlessly continued their efforts to break down the
Citadel door, BUNGA MAS LIMA was 22km away. As it neared BUNGA
LAUREL, BUNGA MAS LIMA sent 14 PASKALs in two RHIBs, led by
Lieutenant Noor Asri Roslan RMN. The FENNEC attack helicopter was
also launched simultaneously at 8.10pm (local time) to provide much
needed reconnaissance and aerial fire support. The pirates' mother
ship was closing in. If it reached the tanker, it would mean full control
by the pirates. This could not and must not be allowed to happen. The
FENNEC's mission was to stop the pirates' mother ship from reaching
BUNGA LAUREL at all cost.
107 | OP FAJAR
“I learned about working under pressure and about being
patient as this operation involved long periods at sea and
I was away from my family. It has made me stronger for all
other upcoming operations.”
Lieutenant Commander Jason Solomon John RMN
The FENNEC helicopter team on board BUNGA MAS LIMA at that time was led by
Lieutenant Commander Jason Solomon RMN (then Lieutenant Jason Solomon RMN).
Lieutenant Commander Jason Solomon RMN joined the service on 10 June 1999 as
a Cadet Officer and was commissioned in June 2001. After completing his training
and studies as a naval officer, he was appointed as the Deputy Gunnery Officer on
board KD PENDEKAR in 2002 and then as the Navigation Officer for a period of
two years. He applied to join the helicopter pilot course in 2004 and he passed the
aptitude and medical test which enabled him to enrol for the course. He was then
sent to the Integrated Aviation Academy (ITNS) in Perak, Malaysia for his basic flying training on helicopter EC 120B Colibri
which he passed with flying colours. Lieutenant Commander Jason RMN was then attached to Squadron 502 for his Naval
Conversion Training with the AS 555 SN FENNEC to become a Naval Pilot. In 2010, he was promoted as Aircraft Captain and
Flight Commander and in November 2011, he was tasked to become the Flight Commander for Op FAJAR 8 on board BUNGA
MAS LIMA.
108
109 | OP FAJAR
As it drew closer, the loud, spinning blades of the FENNEC alerted the pirates on board the
mother ship. The FENNEC sniper team identified 11 pirates on board – all armed with rifles.
Even more alarming was the fact that they had Rocket Propelled Grenades (RPG). Like any
other military confrontation, avoiding direct action is always the first crucial choice. A warning
shot was fired. The pirates however did not respond. They continued moving towards BUNGA
LAUREL. This left the FENNEC team with no other option but to open fire. Lieutenant Commander
Jason RMN was ordered to shoot for effect. He switched off the lights on the FENNEC and
began to engage the mother ship.
A battle soon ensued between the mother ship and the FENNEC. The pirates fired in every
direction. Blinded by the dark, they were unable to gauge the FENNEC’s location. Fortunately,
their shots did not even come close to hitting the helicopter. Lieutenant Commander Jason
RMN strafed around the mother ship as the sniper team rained down bullets from the mounted
machine gun, pinning down the mother ship. Within a short period, unable to withstand the
FENNEC assault, the mother ship stopped heading towards BUNGA LAUREL and began their
retreat. This triumph allowed the FENNEC team to turn their focus on the pirates on board
BUNGA LAUREL. The lightweight helicopter then made its way towards BUNGA LAUREL.
110
111 | OP FAJAR
RMN HELICOPTERS
The FENNEC and SUPER LYNX act as force multiplier for air support in Op FAJAR. Both are lightweight
yet can be fitted with coaxial weapons, rockets and other military equipment. The presence of these
helicopters multiply both defensive and offensive advantages against the outnumbering pirates.
112
As the helicopter approached BUNGA LAUREL, the pirates came out in the open. Unable to find the source
of the noise, the panic stricken pirates fired aimlessly at the sky. As Lieutenant Commander Jason RMN
deliberately drew the attention of the pirates on board BUNGA LAUREL, the stealth-like RHIBs arrived and
the PASKAL team swiftly climbed on board the tanker. After ensuring that the crew was secure, the PASKAL
team stormed the ship. Attempts to negotiate with the pirates fell on deaf ears – they did not budge; none
cooperated. Instead, the pirates fired shots at the PASKAL team.
113 | OP FAJAR
Soon, shots were being exchanged between the PASKAL team and the pirates on the deck of BUNGA LAUREL. From afar, sparking lights
could be seen all over the tanker. The pirates were forced back, overwhelmed by the commandos who continued their efforts to retake the
tanker. BUNGA MAS LIMA was now alongside BUNGA LAUREL, allowing more PASKAL team members to come on board and began their
assault on the pirates. Cornered, the pirates became even more aggressive, firing with deliberate ferocity. One of them was hit and another
injured, yet that did not stop the firing from their side. However, when a third pirate went down, the other pirates reluctantly dropped their
weapons and surrendered.
114
BUNGA LAUREL crew emerging from
concealment within the Citadel.
115 | OP FAJAR
The PASKAL team cautiously closed in on the pirates and swiftly overpowered them.
The three injured pirates were treated by Medics, while another group of PASKAL
searched every room and space thoroughly for possible remaining threats. When it
was confirmed to be secure, they called the crew members in the Citadel to come out.
The crew's quick action in accordance to MISC's best management practices ensured
that they were safe throughout the ordeal. Soon after, Lieutenant Commander Jason
RMN reported that the mother ship was nowhere to be seen. Damages to the mother
ship and casualties to its crew were unknown.
At 10.00pm (local time), the FENNEC helicopter made its way back to BUNGA MAS LIMA.
Pirates surrendering at the
bow of BUNGA LAUREL.
116
Pirates’ Weapons
Amongst the remaining weapons on board BUNGA LAUREL recovered by the PASKAL
team were one AK-47 rifle, one modified AKM rifle, one 9mm pistol, 10 AK-47
magazines and one 9mm magazine.
117 | OP FAJAR
118
119 | OP FAJAR
RHIB Boat
The RHIB is a lightweight, high performance boat. It is constructed with a solid
shaped hull with flexible inflatable tubes on the gunwale. RHIBs are preferred by
international naval forces for military usage as it promises stability and is extremely
seaworthy. In Op FAJAR, these boats provide more flexibility and mobility for the
PASKAL team in performing their duties.
120
121 | OP FAJAR
A Strong Message to Pirates
The pirates were brought back to Malaysia via BUNGA LAUREL to stand trial for their crimes.
They were sentenced to 8 to 10 years imprisonment after pleading guilty on 2 September
2013 for firing at the armed forces with the intent to avoid lawful detention.
The BUNGA LAUREL incident marked a new beginning in the war against global piracy.
Earlier in the same day, the Korean Navy managed to recapture a hijacked cargo ship, which
resulted in the death of some pirates. Other naval forces often avoid direct confrontations
with Somali pirates, unwilling to risk any casualties on either side. The brisk and professional
actions of the RMN proved that these operations could be done without fatalities. The rescue
of BUNGA LAUREL became the first of many operations conducted throughout the Arabian
Sea and prompted other related international navies to take a more direct course against
Somali pirates. This resulted in a visible drop in pirate attacks throughout the Gulf of Aden
in 2011 and an even more notable reduction in 2012. Nonetheless, the safety of the crew
members is always first ensured before any rescue operation is initiated.
The PASKAL team.
122
Naval Auxiliary Vessel BUNGA MAS ENAM.
On 22 January 2012, news of the success began to spread in the local newspapers and
international media. The combined efforts of MISC and the RMN gained admirable recognition
in the eyes of the world, proving Malaysia’s resolve in safeguarding maritime interests and
the nation’s commitment to fighting piracy.
123 | OP FAJAR
PASKAL - The Naval Special Force
Pasukan Khas Laut or PASKAL is the Naval Special Force that conducts special operations missions for national
security. Officially established in 1 October 1982, there are currently two units: KD PANGLIMA HITAM - Unit 1 based
in West Malaysia, and KD SRI SEMPORNA - Unit 2 in East Malaysia. PASKAL is a responsive, versatile and effective
force package fighting the Global War on Terrorism. They are also experts in special reconnaissance, direct action,
intelligence gathering, conducting clandestine operations, infiltration and exfiltration, and small scale amphibious
operations. PASKAL operates in small groups and are able to quickly deploy from any Navy assets and aviation
platforms.
124
125 | OP FAJAR
126
127 | OP FAJAR
Chief of Navy and President/CEO of MISC Berhad sending
off BUNGA MAS LIMA for Op FAJAR 14 on 20 April 2012.
HANRUH (Pertahanan Menyeluruh / Total Defence)
HANRUH (short for Pertahanan Menyeluruh, or Total Defence) is the name of Malaysia’s NSC’s comprehensive
defence measure. It is based on the understanding that conflicts between countries are no longer limited
to military actions. Potential threats can now appear in obscure and unconventional forms that include
economic disruption through trade sanctions and sabotage, social tension through exploiting differences in
race, language, religion and culture, or even employing psychological warfare to toy with people’s emotions
and fears.
The concept of HANRUH is adapted from the experiences of other countries such as Denmark, Sweden and
Switzerland since the Cold War. There are clear differences in the implementation between each country, but
the core objectives remain the same:
•
•
•
•
To prevent war, defend the country and protect its people
To maintain vigilance and contain any threat
To cultivate a sense of responsibility by forming a credible defence on every individual front
To cover five aspects of defence, which are military, civil, economy, social and psychological, representing
the key sectors of society
128
129 | OP FAJAR
Although the concept and components of HANRUH are very similar to what is practiced
by other countries, modernisation and current times have necessitated modifications
and adaptations in implementation.
Additions to Malaysia’s concept of HANRUH include:
• The readiness to counter natural disasters or energy crises
• The need to improve the mindset of the people, mainly to keep up with globalisation
and the business world as a way to uphold the country’s economic strength
• The building of an integrated community and inspire unity among its people
130
Since 1986, HANRUH has been the third element of Malaysia’s defence
policy, along with the nation’s Deterrence Strategy and Forward Defence. As
the country is not expected to encounter any conventional dangers in the
near future, the HANRUH implementation is based on the ability to protect
the country’s sovereignty and interests and not based on any form of threat
towards the country. In the 1990s, efforts to implement the HANRUH concept
took place, but was not fully completed. In a meeting on September 2006,
the NSC decided to bring the concept into realisation.
On 10 April 2007, the then Deputy Prime Minister, Dato' Seri Mohd Najib Tun
Abd Razak, led a seminar on the concept and implementation of HANRUH.
The seminar was attended by officials involved in maintaining security and
national interests from both the public and private sectors. The seminar
was a means to exchange conceptual understanding of HANRUH and create
capable strategies for its implementation. On 12 July 2008, the HANRUH
concept was finally effectively implemented. Nonetheless, the absence of any
threat, accompanied by the comfort and wellbeing of the people, means
that the need or commitment towards HANRUH remains low. Even now, the
concept of HANRUH is known only to a handful, particularly those who are
directly involved in national security and defence.
131 | OP FAJAR
132
In retrospect, the hijacking of BUNGA MELATI DUA and BUNGA MELATI 5 and
the subsequent launch of the Naval Auxiliary Vessels have helped raise the
awareness among Malaysians on the concept of HANRUH. The collaboration
between the RMN (a government entity) and MISC (a private corporation),
reflects how it is the personal responsibility of every Malaysian to get involved
in the defence of the nation and maximise the potential of the HANRUH
concept. This will help maintain its effectiveness by strengthening ties with
one another regardless of race, religion or culture; helping to build a stronger
economy; undertaking national service seriously; encouraging volunteerism
and a commitment to defend the country; and encouraging every Malaysian to
play their role in making Malaysia a safe and secure nation.
The crew of BUNGA MAS
LIMA for Op FAJAR 14
with Chief of Navy and
President/CEO of MISC
Berhad on 20 April 2012.
133 | OP FAJAR
PASKAL on alert.
134
RMN Volunteer Reserves (RMNVR)
The RMNVR is our nation’s naval reservist force that operates on a voluntary basis. The RMNVR recruits their
reservist force from various sectors, such as the government, the private sector, entrepreneurs, students and many
more. The participation of Malaysians from all walks of life in the RMNVR is in line with the concept of HANRUH as
stipulated in the National Defence Policy.
Since the birth of the Navy Auxiliary Vessels, BUNGA MAS LIMA and BUNGA MAS ENAM, more than 100 MISC Sea
Staff have been inducted into the RMNVR.
Vice Admiral Dato' Abdul Hadi presenting
Certificate of Appreciation to the MISC-RMNVR.
135 | OP FAJAR
Op FAJAR crew with Vice Admiral Dato' Jamil Osman after completing Force Integration Training.
136
Abseiling training.
Fire Arms training
on board vessel.
137 | OP FAJAR
Reserve Officer Training Unit (ROTU)
In December 1978, the Pasukan Latihan Pegawai Simpanan (PALAPES) programme, also known as Reserve Officer Training Unit (ROTU),
at local Institutes of Higher Learning (IPTA) was established. The RMN launched its first PALAPES-Laut at Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang
in 1986.
The objective of establishing the PALAPES-Laut programme is to create RMNVR officers who are PALAPES-Laut graduates. The presence
of young officers in various fields of specialisation especially in engineering and technology will assist and enhance the RMN’s ability in the
engineering and technology sector, aligned with the RMN’s modernisation.
PALAPES-Laut trainees.
138
PALAPES-Laut ALAM
On 11 February 2011, MISC’s wholly owned subsidiary, Malaysian Maritime
Academy (ALAM) became the nation’s first private institution to establish
a PALAPES-Laut unit, known as the PALAPES-Laut ALAM (Reserve Officer
Training Unit-Navy Malaysia Maritime Academy).
ALAM has been producing world-class seafarers since 1977. The maritime
academy offers the latest in maritime technology driven education to prepare
graduates for the maritime industry. ALAM has long been recognised as the
leading Maritime Education Training (MET) facility in the region, consistently
placed among the top 10% of the world's MET institutions rated by Det
Norske Veritas (DNV). For over 30 years, ALAM has trained more than
10,000 seafarers, through a structured training and education system
unique to the Academy.
The PALAPES-Laut ALAM programme is an initiative brought forward by the
RMN, MISC and ALAM as part of its strategic collaboration in developing
voluntary naval reservists who excel academically and contribute to the benefit
of both organisation and nation. It also allows seafarers the opportunity to
participate in military activities upon completion of their training as officers
in the Naval Reservist Unit.
The PALAPES-Laut ALAM programme is divided into six phases and requires
three (3) years to complete, complementing the Academy’s diploma courses
in Nautical Studies and Marine Engineering. Cadets undergo theoretical and
practical trainings at the RMN’s officer training ground, KD SULTAN IDRIS 1
in Lumut. The programme also includes training in ALAM and on board Navy
vessels. Upon completion, each cadet will then be conferred as Acting Sub
Lieutenant of the Naval Reservist Unit.
In August 2013, ALAM saw the graduation of its first batch of cadets from
the PALAPES-Laut ALAM Programme.
139 | OP FAJAR
PALAPES-Laut trainees undergoing
Small Arms training.
140
141 | OP FAJAR
GALLERY
142
Hijacking of
BUNGA MELATI
DUA and BUNGA
MELATI 5
143 | OP FAJAR
GALLERY
144
145 | OP FAJAR
GALLERY
146
147 | OP FAJAR
GALLERY
148
Op FAJAR
149 | OP FAJAR
GALLERY
150
151 | OP FAJAR
GALLERY
152
153 | OP FAJAR
GALLERY
154
155 | OP FAJAR
PRESS CLIPPINGS
156
157 | OP FAJAR
PRESS CLIPPINGS
158
159 | OP FAJAR
PRESS CLIPPINGS
160
161 | OP FAJAR
162
The Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN)
The Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN) was initially established on 27 April 1934 as the Straits
Settlement Naval Volunteer Reserve. It was formed originally by the British Colonial in an
effort to assist the British Royal Navy to protect the coastal line of Malaysia, then known as
Tanah Melayu or Malaya, against the growing Japanese Empire.
As an act to restrain communist threats in Malaya during the 1948 Emergency, the Malayan
Naval Forces was formed with the first base located on the HMS MALAYA in Singapore.
Due to their extraordinary performance during these times, the Malayan Naval Forces
was bestowed the word “Royal” by Queen Elizabeth II, giving birth to the name, the Royal
Malayan Navy.
On 16 September 1963, after the independence and the establishment of Malaysia as
a nation, the naval force was officially renamed the Royal Malaysian Navy, the name it
carries till today. With numerous international recognition and success stories, the RMN
has established a strong forefront for the nation’s safety and security.
163 | OP FAJAR
164
MISC Berhad
Listed on Bursa Malaysia, MISC Berhad (MISC) is one of the world’s leading international
shipping and maritime conglomerates. The principal businesses of MISC consist of
shipowning, ship operating, other shipping related activities, owning and operating of tank
terminals and offshore floating facilities as well as marine repair, marine conversion and
engineering & construction works. Since its incorporation on 6 November 1968, MISC has
grown from being purely a shipping line to become a fully integrated maritime, offshore
floating solutions, heavy engineering and logistics services provider. This was brought about
when MISC became a subsidiary of PETRONAS in 1998, a move that produced synergistic
benefits especially in the field of oil & gas.
165 | OP FAJAR
Today, with a modern and well-diversified fleet of more than 130 owned and inchartered vessels and a combined tonnage of approximately 13 million dead weight
tonnes (dwt), MISC provides safe, reliable, efficient and competitive shipping services
both locally and internationally.
166
As a world-renowned LNG owner-operator with almost three decades of proven experience
for safety, reliability and on-time deliveries, MISC provides a wide range of LNG Business
Solutions and is a onestop centre for LNG transportation with credible ship management,
highly-trained seagoing professionals and a first class marine repair centre. MISC also provides
technological solutions for Floating Storage Units (FSU) and is building up capabilities in
Floating Storage and Regasification Units (FSRU) and Floating LNG units (FLNG).
Its petroleum arm, AET, is a specialist and leading provider of safe, high quality maritime
logistics solutions to the international petroleum sector. AET is the market leader in lightering
operations for U.S. Gulf ship-to-ship transfers.
In the chemical shipping business, MISC delivers freighting solutions for vegetable oil and
chemical products to various corners of the globe, leveraging on its extensive experience in
liquid bulk shipping. MISC is fast establishing itself as a significant transporter of chemicals
and vegetable oils on the global platform with major trading routes that include South East
Asia, the Far East, Middle East, Europe, the Indian Subcontinent and the Americas.
167 | OP FAJAR
MISC has established its footprint in the offshore industry, offering floating solutions mainly FPSOs/
FSOs. Over the span of nine years, MISC has proven its capability in delivering safe and well executed
projects, through well-built relationships with customers and partners. These prolific partnerships
enable MISC to further enhance its capabilities in Offshore Engineering and Asset Management. In
the pursuit of positioning MISC as a preferred world class offshore floating solutions provider in
the region, MISC has meticulously equipped and enhanced its business processes in accordance
to international standards and best practices, and is certified ISO 9001:2008. This provides
enhanced confidence and assurance to all existing and potential customers whilst ensuring that
MISC will remain competitive in the offshore industry.
MISC’s diverse operations is supported by a strong backbone of dynamic, capable and progressive
staff. As part of MISC’s commitment to the growth and sustainability of the maritime industry, MISC
continues to help develop capable sea-going professionals via its in-house maritime academy,
Malaysia Maritime Academy Sdn. Bhd. (ALAM).
168
Abbreviations
· AIS - Automatic Identification System
· ALAM - Akedemi Laut Malaysia / Malaysian Maritime Academy
· ASEAN - Association of South East Asian Nations
· ATM - Angkatan Tentera Malaysia
· BGAN - Broadband Global Area Network
· CMF - Combined Maritime Forces
· CTF - Commander Task Force
· CTG - Commander Task Group
· EiS - Eye in the Sky
· ENC - Electronic Navigation Chart
· FBS - Fleet Broadband System
· FIT - Force Integration Training
· FOC - Fleet Operations Command
· HANRUH - Pertahanan Menyeluruh / Total Defence
· IMB - International Maritime Bureau
· IMO - International Maritime Organisation
· ITNS - Integrated Aviation Academy
· KD - Kapal Diraja
· MAA - Monitoring and Action Agency
· MAF - Malaysian Armed Forces
· MISC - MISC Berhad
· MMEA - Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
· MMHE - Malaysia Marine and Heavy Engineering
· MSSP - Malacca Strait Sea Patrol
· NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization
· NBCD - Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Defence
· NSC - National Security Council
· PASKAL - Pasukan Khas Laut
· PETRONAS - Petroliam Nasional Berhad
· RHIB - Rigid-Hull Inflatable Boat
· RMAF - Royal Malaysian Air Force
· RMN - Royal Malaysian Navy
· RMNVR - Royal Malaysian Navy Volunteer Reserves
· ROTU - Reserve Officer Training Unit
· RPG - Rocket Propelled Grenade
· SOP - Standard Operating Procedure

Op FAJAR

Transcription

Similar documents

Step 1

ORAN BELL - AuctionArrows

Evelyn Agena Estate

COMPANY PROFILE Restoran Sri Bunga

Torevive pirate genre, alittleDeppwill doya Aerialexpertfliesintoadd

Brief - Juwita Suwito

11/21/03 – PITTSBURGH POST-GAZETTE - BUSINESS

Living Estate Sale - Parkland

Flavours Magazine