Consumer Engagement through Digital Transformation
Transcription
Consumer Engagement through Digital Transformation
HEALTHCARE INSIGHTS Consumer Engagement through Digital Transformation Nov 2014 In This Edition Creating a Consistent and Connected Experience Across the Consumer Lifecycle..........................................................................................05 Look Before You Leap: What Health Plans Must Do Before Diving into Digital ...........................................................................................................13 Clear as Crystal: Refocusing Healthcare Consumer Transparency from Information Availability to Usability ..............................................................21 Big Data Analytics in Healthcare – Taming the Elephant in the Room.............................................................................................................33 Using Analytics for Insurance Fraud Detection3 Innovative Methods and a 10-Step Approach to Kick Start Your Initiative.................................................41 Creating a Consistent and Connected Experience Across the Consumer Lifecycle Summary Infosys Public Services conducted a panel discussion on creating a consistent and connected experience for consumers at a flagship healthcare industry forum in June 2014 with leaders from Aetna and HealthSparq. The session produced practical perspectives and insights on understanding consumers and their needs, motivation to engage with health insurance plans, and what it takes for the plans to create personalized and connected experiences that consumers want AND expect. The US health insurance business model is transforming in fundamental ways and is driven by consumerization. Healthcare consumer expectations are now set by their experience with retail and other consumer industries. Multiple studies have shown that consumers are rapidly embracing digital channels for healthcare – 39% of consumers will visit a website to research a new health insurance plan, 76% will sign up for a mobile app to track health goals, one-third use social media and online forums to address health concerns, and two-thirds who have good experiences stay with the insurer. The onus is thus on health insurance plans to close the gap on engaging with consumers. Three essential principles drive consumer engagement that leads to accountability and sustainable behavior change, and thus improves health outcomes and lowers costs: Consumer centric Outcome oriented Omni channel Engage consumers with a 360o view Connect consumer touch-points to Go from engaging with a consumer of all their interactions with a health fulfill their immediate need and also via multiple channels to connecting insurance plan move them along towards ultimate those interactions to provide a better health improvement goals experience as “one brand” Digital Transformation is key to consumer engagement: The shift from group (employer) to individual (consumer) market is an opportunity for health plans to gain new members to drive growth. But health insurance plans need to compete to acquire and retain consumers, inform and service them, empower and engage with them to improve health outcomes and lower costs. Digital transformation is key to the successful transition from an employer-centric to a consumer-centric model. There has been a paradigm shift from one-to-many to one-to-one communication and engagement, delivering a consistent message and connected experience to consumers across channels – digital and traditional, direct and indirect. Health insurance plans that deliver better digital consumer experience will gain a competitive edge. Web Personalized Communications Brokers Unified Insights Call Center Acq u Mobile In vo e r Fast Fullfillment Retain Mail Inform + S er 3600 Service + ire ce vi lve + E m p o w Self Service Targeted Offers Community Groups Decision Support / Transparency Social Media Providers On-demand Communities External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited Micro Segmentation Exchanges Panelists Aneesh Kumar Tamara Khan Eric Paternoster Head-Consumer Engagement Strategy, VP of Products, President & Chief Executive Officer, Aetna HealthSparq Infosys Public Services In his role as the head of consumer Tamara leads product, user experience, As chief executive of the Infosys products group, Aneesh’s team focuses and informatics at HealthSparq. She has subsidiary, Eric oversees strategy on developing solutions for individuals over a decade of product management and execution for profitable growth. who have choice in their healthcare experience in consumer web, health, He advises CxOs in healthcare and and healthcare financing. Rather than gaming, electronics, and AI. Tamara government on technology and tweaking their group-oriented solutions specializes in creating intuitive user operations. Eric has over 30 years of to become prettier and consumer experiences that have driven large experience with firms in healthcare, friendly, the team develops solutions scale growth at brands such as Practice consulting, and business technology. that holds the consumer as the center Fusion, Kiva, and Nickelodeon. She Eric’s team combines healthcare and then builds the business back. plays many roles – that of a designer, expertise with insights and practices behavioral economist, and technologist. from industries such as retail and She drives positive behavior change banking to bring innovative solutions for online and brings a data driven consumer engagement and other big approach to creating products that challenges in healthcare. users love. Moderated By: Eric Paternoster External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited Panel Discussion Eric: What are the organization, processes, and technology implications of delivering a consistent, connected, personalized consumer experience? What health plans need mostly doesn’t have to be invented but can be adapted from retail, telecom, banking, and other B2C industries. There is opportunity for technology to support transforming every aspect of understanding and engaging with consumers so that the focus can shift to health and costs. Aneesh: Organizational challenges are really the main challenges that we face and anybody at a big company can probably empathize. Benefit managers, CFOs, and government program administrators, are our current stakeholders. They have not only tolerated complexity but in fact have asked for it in terms of organizationalspecific customization. They have a terms of formulating some of our business data onto it, so that an end-user can read it, models. I’m also heartened by the fact that understand the terms we are using, ensure the people who are working in today’s it’s appropriate for the location and so on. group-specific model, are even more keenly aware of some of the shackles that the organization has put on itself. So I find that the relationship is very collaborative. The key message for health plans is that some separation of this new group focused on consumers from a group that is focused on employers and government program administrators is necessary if you want to address this new market in a simple way. Aneesh: Let me add a little bit to the consistency point that Tamara brought up. Product design skills in our industry are lacking. You need somebody like an Amazon of healthcare to define products as human constructs. Managed care companies and employers have not done a good job defining healthcare products. This is a unique industry where MCOs have the opportunity to connect with Tamara: The need of the hour is to consumers from the time they can make a rationalize information. Information is purchase--let’s say when they become an in dispersed locations and customized adult--to the time they die, and we haven’t to employer groups - to turn this data really taken advantage of that. But we can, into a solution is a cumbersome process. once we think of the product differently. One of the tenets of a great personalized Audience Question: I think health plans experience is consistency. So, when I use a health plan site this year to buy Plan A and next year to buy Plan B, I shouldn’t have a wildly different experience. I shouldn’t have to learn again from start to finish. are missing a huge opportunity with separating focus for individuals and groups. I understand, 10 years from now it will probably be all consumers, but if you look at the next 2-3 years, I think it’s an opportunity to provide As we innovate with new types of plan consumer-like experiences through the group attitude toward consumers who, of course, designs and preference-based pricing, engagement -- may be through private “cannot manage their own health.” It is the complexity adds more layers to the exchanges that help get that brand-stickiness difficult to move away from the capabilities consumer experience to a point where vs. wait for this evolution to occur. and payment models that have made us it becomes incredibly challenging. Aneesh: Consumer Engagement successful towards a new model where This becomes the real operational, is a journey and I have frequently the consumer is empowered to make organizational impact: re-thinking how we characterized private exchanges as choices that affect their health. Today, we design products and continue to achieve graceful disengagement, in the sense don’t know consumer segmentation, we that personalization without necessarily that an employer can pick multiple points don’t know how to make money selling sacrificing member experience, and along their entire journey from today’s to consumers, because we don’t have thinking about new ways to gather and paternalistic model to the future, where the track record. This goes a little bit into record information so that it continues to choice, responsibility, and spend, move Christensen’s innovator dilemma where serve consumers in more ways beyond completely to the consumer. The employer new business opportunities frequently are what is intended now. Now we have a new will then be a facilitator. But this journey less profitable than today’s business, and goal, which is the purpose of empowering is not going to happen overnight or over almost always require new skills, but will consumers with enough information to one year. eventually be profitable. make decisions, just as in a retail store. The approach that we have taken is The big practical impact as we work with exchanges because we can, for the first time, identifying a different set of people to organizations trying to enable better provide an experience to the consumer where focus on the new businesses and with that consumer experience is figuring out how they have greater choice, where they have we’ve seen quite a bit of success, at least in to take information and layer the meta- the notion of trade-off between premiums conservative approach, and a paternalistic External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited So an employer can say, “Let’s get to private and co-pays and network sizes and they experience for consumers with their wellness that healthcare organizations can take get more used to taking care of their own products through rewards and other advantage of. There is a really interesting health and their own healthcare spending.” game mechanisms. This is driving a more opportunity to partner with EHR vendors, Over time, I do believe that benefit design sustainable behavior change, which is key because those that are mining data, know will move away from employers, because to drive down healthcare costs. A health exactly what interventions and actions they do not really belong in the healthcare solutions company we are working with is lead to real measurable outcomes (EHR business. But that is over time, we cannot integrating public social networks onto their deals with biometric data from all labs). tie our success only to that event. It has web portals to bring more comprehensive to be tied to the entire transformation of health data or condition information and increasing consumer choice. resources to consumers. We see this as a Eric: Tamara, you have great experience in growing trend. the EHR world before your current role. I’d like Tamara: EHRs have a lot of valuable For example, women who take prenatal information. However, the information vitamin of a certain type have C-sections – could be across countries, in different the kind of things that might inspire new formats, and not necessarily be in usable plan designs that would be cost-effective For example, Avivia Health from Kaiser form. There is a lot of interest at the federal and offer pro-healthy choices. These Permanente has built a gamification level and from EHR vendors to turn this discoveries could then be fed into health platform so they can provide an interactive information into actionable insights plan designs. to ask you how health plans can leverage digital capabilities through tools like that to start providing this connected experience? We can start to think of the EHR strategy and interweaving and doing research around how claims data correlates to labs data from a specific population set, which would help us find interesting insights. External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited plans either do that or find new ways of getting people to refer via some other mechanism, but I can’t imagine displacing the provider in that funnel. So, the strategic value is in figuring out how health plans make providers “like” them – but not necessarily by acquiescing to whatever prices they want, because health plans still need to deliver value to the end-user. I would propose that there is a way to make providers happier by getting into their cost structure in a different way. Aneesh: The Provider is the central hub of the healthcare system - they are the sellers and the consumers are the buyers. One of the systemic problems in the industry is that there are too many entities in the middle. Part of where Health plans Eric: To build a great consumer brand you Therefore, the relationship between need to have omni-channel capabilities that the consumer and the health plan and all fit together. I’d be interested in each of consumer and the physician, both of you talking about the implications to the which have been highly asymmetrical role of “indirect channels” such as providers, relationships for two or three generations, brokers and community groups in ensuring a are becoming equal conversations. consistent experience to consumers? risk transfer at say a product level, and Being an honest, plain-speaking party let a consumer shop, the consumer Aneesh: I have two thoughts. The first is in the conversation within all these would become knowledgeable on where that a direct connection with consumers indirect channels is the underlying the money is going. That is absolutely is critical. The panelists before us showed premise for success. necessary for changing the dynamics of what is possible once you develop that Tamara: I will answer it a bit differently, direct connection. The previous examples based on which ones I see as more did not even begin in the healthcare strategic. Engaging consumers is only one space but now we have an offering that step of the converging funnel (prospecting is truly valuable. We need to develop that to converting into members). It is right Audience Question: Consumers, especially capability as an industry and we are really there in the middle. Acquisition of our those with poly-chronic conditions who at the beginning of the maturity curve. At new potential customers through viable drive most of the healthcare expenses, are the same time, Eric, to your point, there mechanisms like brokers, providers, etc., they really empowered to make choices that will be social media groups, patients- is all the more interesting to mention. benefit them the most by taking care of like-me type of groups that will not be If you look at the system as is today, completely controlled by us, and neither providers are a terrible advocate for Aneesh: My belief and observation are, should we try to control them. Then the insurance plans – “they don’t pay me; they yes. It is a cultural shift, it is not going thing that a managed care organization don’t reimburse my claims”. Changing that to happen in the next two weeks, and should hope for, in my opinion, is to be a dynamic and relationship is really key to it is going to be a rocky road. But I part of the conversation. ensuring that the funnel is healthy. Health fundamentally believe that consumers are External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited could have done a better job is to pay the Providers in a way that made economic sense and then transfer some appropriate risk to Providers. The moment you set the system such that there is meaningful the relationship. And when that does, I absolutely believe that consumers will be more satisfied, and the cost of the entire healthcare system will go down. their health? capable of taking care of their health. Do likely. If you look at search trends today opportunity pass.” I would challenge they need a support system? Yes, all of us and see what people look for online, it is and say it is a huge opportunity for do, in everything we do. And companies by and large information about healthcare. everyone. If we combine our knowledge such as ours are well-positioned to create Curiosity is enormous. Companies like of the system, the payers, other players, the right support system. WeightWatchers are catering to that and how to navigate various stakeholders interest; BestBuy decided to open floor and partner with those who are engaging space in their stores to support this desire the consumer, then we would have a for health tracking and applications. There’s strong offering that changes the health a huge appetite in America to manage dynamic quite dramatically. If you look at the United Kingdom, their macro-health outcomes are better than ours, their total healthcare cost is 40% of ours, there’s no employer in the middle, and they have the same mix of millennials and boomers, pretty much as we do. So I do believe that that is possible, because other countries have shown that to be true. conditions like obesity and diabetes and just general health concerns. So, the question is “Are we going to be Eric: Thank you for all your questions, insights, and engaging discussion. participants in that? Are we going to partner with the people who are Tamara: I would take a step further to not innovating? Or, are we going to accept only say that it is possible but also very that it’s not our strong suit and let that In closing, building a consumer-centric business model and becoming a consumer brand is a multi-year journey. So, bringing in proven practices from other industries and pre-built solutions can make a big difference in accelerating the journey. As we discussed, there are numerous capabilities – particularly on the digital front – but health plans have limited resources and competing priorities. Value realization frameworks should be used upfront to prioritize areas to focus, investments needed, and roadmap to execute. In healthcare, as in other industries, strong business ownership from the health plan to drive change is crucial to build momentum and see these initiatives through. External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited Look Before You Leap: What Health Plans Must Do Before Diving into Digital Abstract Healthcare organizations are looking to leverage technology to improve consumer engagement and experience. Modeling these initiatives on the retail industry, health plans and providers are hoping to replicate their success at providing a seamless experience across channels – websites, social media, mobile apps, call centers, email, and paper-based promotions. And they’re putting their money where their mouth is. In their “Healthcare IT Payer Predictions For 2013”, a leading analyst firm said that approximately 40 percent of U.S. healthcare payers planned to invest in establishing or renewing consumer engagement initiatives, including web portals. This in fact topped the list of priorities for planned investment. So, sometime last year, when Mayo Clinic announced that barely five percent of the several hundred thousand patients registered on their web portal actually used it, it created quite a stir. This was after all the Patient Portal they were talking about, a poster boy of consumer experience in healthcare, and an inspirational model for the industry! Don’t digitize without direction Mayo Clinic’s troubles are only symptomatic of an ailment that is plaguing most consumer engagement programs in healthcare. The root cause? A lack of directedness in the digitization drive behind such programs. Over the years, we have seen a number of health plans rush headlong into digital media in pursuit of consumer engagement, or simply, a nimbler rival. In the process, they fail to do the necessary due diligence of questioning objective, mapping consumer need, enumerating constraints, quantifying end goals and identifying efficient methodologies. (See Haste Makes Waste) So it comes as a breath of fresh air – even a jolt perhaps – when the chief customer experience officer of a pharmacy benefit manager challenges even the engagement premise by candidly admitting that she is yet to find someone who wants to engage with a health plan. This is not as outrageous as it seems – data indicates that health apps are accessed far less frequently than social media or gaming apps. The Ruder Finn U.S. mHealth apps citing reasons such as lack of need or health plans that have acted in haste thus preference for seeing a doctor. far must now introspect carefully before survey corroborates this statement with The message is clear: Consumers are this finding: Three in four respondents yet to engage with healthcare in the are reluctant to engage with healthcare way they do with say, retail. Therefore, investing further resources in digitization to make sure all efforts are directed at improving engagement. Haste Makes Waste A vast majority of commercial healthcare plans are present in digital channels like website, mobile, and social. Their success stories spur much of the frenzy among health plans to replicate or outdo the competition. Unfortunately, this has led to a number of rash moves. Without adequate thought going into them, these plays for digitization have yielded disappointing results. Take for instance, the mobile apps launched by several BCBS health plans. Because the apps were developed without taking the existing features of the portal into consideration, they ended up duplicating both effort and investment. BCBS health plans would have been better off simply making the features on their portal mobile browser friendly. Here’s another example. Until six months ago, many large health plans had different teams in charge of social, mobile, and website initiatives, each spending time and money on doing the same things. Worse, the teams often pursued conflicting strategies. Health plans realized the futility of this approach and have now switched to a holistic, unified strategy. This situation could have been avoided altogether with a little foresight and planning. External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited Seek and ye shall find health plans’ decision of how much and where to invest in digital media. generation of consumers, they would do networks that could then perform the elderly or the need to identify the best An illustration might be useful here. Let’s say a health plan is trying to decide which services to digitize. They have several types of services, categorized by complexity, volume, touch-intensity, requirement and so on. If the health plan’s objective is to reduce the cost of delivering low touch services – such as appointments, claim status check, profile modification, etc. – the logical step would be to divert requests from the high cost call center to a low cost channel like kiosk or website. However before making any move, it is absolutely critical that the health plan assess its likely impact on consumers. For instance, if the primary users are seniors with a likely preference for an assisted channel, it would be foolhardy to migrate the interactions to self-service mode. entry level plan among first time members, On the other hand, if the health plan’s end Mobile Web and Marketing Choice - and so on. This should eventually drive goal is to improve experience for a new Email or SMS?) But first, they must know what questions to ask. It is not enough to do this intuitively. What health plans need is a formal process, backed by a framework, to arrive at a list of critical questions that will have a bearing on the investment decision. The framework should be rigorous so as to provoke the organization to think about the big picture as well as see the small detail. It should lead the decision makers to ask all the right questions: What is our objective in investing? Which digital channel should we use? Which technology enjoys the highest adoption? Where do we deploy resources first? How do we measure results? The answer to these questions must be mapped against the needs of different consumer segments, such as the need to manage chronic conditions among the well to invest in mobile apps and social same functions as a traditional channel. Besides core objective and consumer need, health plans must also factor rate of adoption into their decision. However, this is not as easy as it sounds. For instance, although healthcare portals are yet to hit their stride, they are ideal for disseminating information, and hence cannot be dismissed. Social media is great for engagement, but its performance metrics are still unclear. And while mobile is an obvious choice, the availability of different technologies complicates the investment decision. Clearly, there is no one size fits all approach and each health plan must decide based on what works best for them. (See Technology Choice - App Versus Technology Choice - App Versus Mobile Web Health plans were late entrants to the mobility channel. But given that 104 million people in the U.S. own smartphones and about 50 percent of smartphone users download apps, a lot of health plans are giving serious thought to their mobility agenda. They have two distinct options before them – mobility app or mobile browser. The choice depends on a combination of investable resources, marketing strategy, RoI expectations, and required functionality, such as shopping, searching, navigation, etc. Both options have their advantages. A Mobile analytics firm’s study of heavy smartphone user behavior indicates explosive growth in the ‘mobile addict’ segment – those who launch at least six times the number of apps that an average user does everyday. The number of mobile addicts has grown 123 percent between 2013 and 2014, whereas Super Users have grown at less than half that pace, at 55 percent, and Regular Users (16 or fewer app launches daily1) a mere 23 percent. These numbers make a strong argument in favor of the mobile app. However, some mobility technology pundits have sounded the death knell for apps for a number of reasons, ranging from economic to functional. For instance, they claim that it is not possible to sustain separate app programs for iPhones, BlackBerrys, Android phones and other assorted devices on a limited budget in the long term. Our experience with several BCBS health plans indeed shows that budget issues can derail a digital transformation program. In the face of such constraints, it would be prudent for health plans to go the mobile browser route to ensure continuity in consumer experience. External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited Marketing Choice - Email or SMS? A study by the Pew Research Center’s Internet and American Life Project says texting is still the reigning mobile phone activity. Email is ranked 3rd. 81 percent of mobile users text, especially the younger adults, the college educated, and those with higher income. On the other hand, only 50 percent of mobile users send or receive email. The profile of email users is similar to those who text. Studies show that response rates – or more specifically read and respond rates – are higher for text messages. Yet most BCBS health plans seem to prefer email. This reveals a need for optimizing communication based on channel preference to make it cost effective. In other words, health plans should switch to text for soliciting business from their younger customers. External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited Compete wider and deeper A health plan’s digital foray must not only encourage consumer engagement in healthcare, but also contend with competition from a variety of healthcare organizations, all vying to engage with the same consumers on the same channels. Business and channel partners like providers, physician groups, pharmacy benefit managers, minute clinics, and specialists intersect with healthcare consumers at various touchpoints – digital and otherwise – throughtout the consumer life cycle. The graphic below depicts the different member touch points currently in use across different channels. Prospects / Conversion Enrollment/ Onboarding Health Management Social Collaboration via Health Forums / Health Boards Social Media Member Services Post Care Provider Ratings & Reviews Engage members through health-tips, events, quizzes etc. Patient Experiences Low High Low High Low High High Low High Low ID Card Manage Premium Payment Mobile App Wellness Applications Cost Transparency Tools Fitness Applications Text based solicitation Claims Status OOP Payments Locate Provider Schedule Appointments ID Card Portal Rx Reminders Welcome Kit Wellness Tips & Trackers Enrollment Clarifications Call Center Mail Electronic Enrollment via Insurance Exchange Fitness Tips & Trackers Mail campaigns Cost to Implement & Maintain Cost Transparency Tools Locate Provider Claims Status Bill Notification OOP Payments Schedule Appointments Prescription refill Locate Provider Appointments Benefits Care Coordination Manage Premium Payment Wellness Tips Paper based Enrollment Manage Premium Payment Wellness visit alerts & reminders, Prescription re-fill reminders etc. Impact on Consumer Engagement Notice the number of white spaces of untapped opportunity. Health plans can stand out among the healthcare crowd by leveraging digital channels like web, mobile, and social media to enter these spaces and garner first mover advantage. External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited The following graphic depicts a host of additional possibilities for engagement at each touchpoint. Prospects / Conversion Enrollment/ Onboarding Health Management Member Services Post Care Provider Ratings & Reviews Insurance Education Social Media Social Collaboration via Health Forums / Health Boards Payer Assisted Enrollment Through online chats, posts Engage members through health-tips, events, quizzes etc. Social Collaboration via Health Forums / Health Boards Anonymous Chats with Members on forums / boards Patient Experiences Provider / Specialist Engagement during Rehabilitation Low High Low High Low High High Low High Low ID Card Text based solicitation Mobile App Plan recommendation Personalized content On Mobile applications to assist Enrollment Insta-Chat capability with Call Centre, other members Manage Premium Payment Wellness Applications Fitness Applications Cost Transparency Tools Locate Provider Schedule Appointments Claims Status OOP Payments Telemedicine and Remote Patient Monitoring Telemedicine Health and wellness trackers ID Card Plan recommendation Portal Call Center Mail Dedicated member portal Health forums Electronic Enrollment via Insurance Exchange Rx Reminders Welcome Kit Wellness Tips & Trackers Decision support Systems Enrollment for purchasing plan Clarifications Manage Member Enrollment to Wellness, Attrition Care Management Programs Mail campaigns Paper based Enrollment Cost to Implement & Maintain Fitness Tips & Trackers Manage Premium Payment Cost Transparency Tools Locate Provider Bill Notification OOP Payments Schedule Appointments Prescription refill Locate Provider Appointments Benefits Care Coordination Manage Premium Payment Wellness Tips Claims Status Medication therapy management Care coordination b/w different entities Wellness visit alerts & reminders, Prescription re-fill reminders etc. Impact on Consumer Engagement However, a big challenge is that most health plans do not have the technological capability to transform the above possibilities into reality. It is here that they must seek the services of a specialist. External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited Choose wisely It is critical that health plans choose the right technology partner to help with their digitization strategy. While most system integrators have basic system integration capability, only a few have consulting acumen or transformation expertise, skills that are vital to the success of the program. Health plans must ensure that they take on a partner who can contribute at every stage, from conceptualization of strategy to implementation of technology. The partners approach, including overall strategy, tools, methodologies, and frameworks, must figure among the top selection criteria. Ideally, they should bring the following to the table: • A roadmap to the right path, created using prior domain experience and a framework for assessing and prioritizing areas of focus. The system integrator should be able to envision the impact of current and future digital capabilities on the health plan’s core processes and systems, and factor this into their recommended strategy. • Ready solutions, frameworks, and accelerators in the form of mobile use cases or service dashboards to fast-track implementation. Where they lack in-house capability, the system integrator should be able to fill the gaps with offerings from alliance partners. They must have a proven approach for program and change management. • Predictable, low risk implementation, which assures value by leveraging best practices in digital in the areas of user experience, mobility, social media, analytics and so on. The partner must assure integration with business processes and internal as well as external systems, and set up sufficient business rules and decision management controls to enable the health plan’s consumers to interact with them seamlessly on all channels. • Last but not least, demonstrated ability to measure and monitor the performance of the digital channels with the help of sophisticated analytic tools and metrics of consumer engagement. Go well Healthcare organizations are making rapid investments in digital media with a view to attracting consumers. However, mobile apps, and indeed all other digitized offerings from health plans lack foresight and planning. In their eagerness to stay on top of the digital trend or keep up with their competitors, health plans have committed vast resources without stopping to ask important questions – such as what they hope to achieve, what their consumers need, and whether the twain will meet. It is high time that health plans took a more considered approach to digital, starting with introspection, then finding new ways of exploiting different channels, and finally, identifying the right technology partner to see the strategy through. External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited About the authors Anand Madhavan Senior Practice Lead, Infosys Public Services Anand Madhavan is a Senior Practice Lead with Infosys Public Services responsible for analytics in healthcare. He has a decadelong experience in helping organizations navigate strategic business problems using analytics and driving tangible business impact. He can be reached at [email protected] Muthuselvan Nallamuthu Associate Manager, Client Services Group, Infosys Public Services Muthuselvan is an Associate Manager in the Client Services Group responsible for managing key healthcare client relationships in the US. He has wide experience in the healthcare industry and has helped in solving customers’ business problems by bringing in best of solutions and capabilities from healthcare and other industry verticals. He has special interest in customer acquisition and retention, leveraging consumers’ social behavior. He can be reached at [email protected] References 1 U.S. Healthcare Payer IT 2013 Top 10 Predictions - Janice W. Young, Lynne Dunbrack, Scott Lundstrom 2 Ruder Finn US mHealth Report 3http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Press-Releases/2012/4/comScore-Reports-February-2012-U.S.-Mobile-Subscriber-Market-Share 4 The Rise of the Mobile Addict - April 22, 2014; Simon Khalaf – Flurry Analytics 5 Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project, April 17- May 19, 2013 Tracking Survey 6http://www.fiercehealthpayer.com/story/consumer-engagement-do-insurers-have-it-wrong/2014-06-16 7http://www.fiercemobilehealthcare.com/story/more-43000-mhealth-apps-have-limited-use-functionality-and-evidence/2013-10-30 External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited Clear as Crystal: Refocusing Healthcare Consumer Transparency from Information Availability to Usability External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited Research shows that consumers are better Transparency Laws reveals the startling A small Initiative – Price Transparency Program for MRIs launched between 2010 and 2012 by several Blue Cross and Blue Shield health plans has yielded benefits: fact that 90% of states fail in providing Among Consumers: It has led to Healthcare Price Transparency. Against this more members using lower-priced backdrop, it is encouraging to see signs providers advocates of a brand if the association is built on transparency and trust. Yet, the healthcare industry has traditionally lagged in sharing information, both clinical and financial, with consumers. The 2014 Report Card on State Price of positive change both in the provision of information by the industry and acceptance by consumers. A few of the several initiatives launched by government agencies along with the payer and provider community to strengthen the state of healthcare transparency, are the Health Benefit Marketplace (HBM) and the All-Payer Claims Databases (APCDs). The fundamental premise of both is the provision of open, easily comparable, Among Providers: It has resulted in modest charge reductions by highpriced providers Overall Price-Based Selective Usage and Cost Reduction observed in the intervention of consumers purchasing High Deductible Health Plans and accommodating greater out-of-pocket expenses. Consequently, • transparency, choices, and control. per test • expectations and consequently, the dimensions of healthcare transparency? • Plan – Where should health plans invest to meet consumers’ expectations of transparent information, namely, the timeliness, usability, and convenience of data shared? • Implement – How should health plans evaluate and prioritize the conflicting opportunity areas? • “Currently, consumers most often do is charging them or their insurance Price variation between hospital and non-hospital facilities narrowed by 30% after prices were posted company for a given procedure, like a knee replacement, or how much price difference there is, at different hospitals within the same city.” – Former Health & Human Services But most of these initiatives are aimed secretary, Kathleen Sibelius at achieving “information availability”. to “repeated information usability”. towards making information on price, Despite more than 95% of health plans quality of service & outcomes, and process offering cost estimator tools, a paltry 2% data available to consumers. The Towers of consumers are actually putting them Watson survey reveals that currently to use. The usage of information and 60% of employers offer price and quality tools needs to become a consumer habit. transparency tools to employees through This can only happen when health plans health plans and specialty vendors. An provide easy access to the right data, additional 29% plan to do so in 2015. launch awareness initiatives, and provide Further, payers have made a strong entry incentives, which motivate consumers to in this space, such as the partnership make sustained usage of the information. the public for free. • Understand – What are the consumers’ usage fell by 15% Not enough thought has been applied payment database that will be available to three key questions: not come to know what a hospital plans have started taking small steps Health Care Cost Institute, to create a based on the answers to the following More expensive hospital-based MRI Cognizant of these trends, even health between Aetna, UHG, Humana, and the to use. The roadmap must be designed Cost reduced by $220 or 18.7% they have more skin in the game and thereby they demand more information, accessing information to truly putting it market: and universally available information. Further, there is a consistent rising trend to engaged, as they move from merely In this context, health plans should chart a well-planned roadmap that gradually transforms consumers from attracted External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited Understand How clear is clear? The Dimensions of Healthcare Consumer Transparency Consumers have myriad expectations industry. Mapping the future transparent can help health plans address the most about the quality and clarity of state to the current situation would help common needs. Healthcare consumers’ information. Some of these stem from them realize consumers’ expectations and transparency needs can be classified as: their experience with other industries, like develop the transparency roadmap. Some retail or banking. Therefore, healthcare of these expectations would be specific to organizations must contextualize these an individual or situation. However, there expectations within the realities of their are common threads, which if identified, •Price • Quality of service and outcomes •Process Price transparency Consumer expectations Current state Limited information on provider charges on a local basis Cost of medical service Future state Clear data on average provider charges for a particular service, starting from admission to discharge • Comprehensive listing of retail Retail price of drugs offered at nearby pharmacies available disparately Cost of medicines • Focus on high impact areas, such as specialty pharma Out-of-pocket estimates unknown prior to provider visit* Health insurance obligation clarification *72% of consumers, who visited a provider in 2013, were unaware of their payment responsibility during a provider visit External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited drug costs including generic drug equivalents of brands • Personalized out-of-pocket estimate prior to provider visit • Comparative benchmark prices listed service-wise as well as region-wise Quality of service and outcomes transparency Consumer expectations Current state Future state • Comparative listing of providers based • Limited knowledge through personal experience Patient’s experience of the provider & care provided* • Limited unverified reviews • No listing of patients’ experience in drug usage Drug effectiveness & reactions Provider performance assessment • Difficulty in identification of generic drug equivalents of branded drugs on expert-referral, prior consumerexperience • Awareness on consumers’ definition of good quality care increases among both the consumer and provider community • Open database to share drug effectiveness and possible reactions from both patients and providers • Listing of possible generic drug equivalents Transparency at hospital level or physician level available disparately, but not on service level Comprehensive listing of provider-service combination and success rates (Number of operations and treatments undertaken, etc.,) • Real-time feedback from consumers on Listing of HEDIS, CAHPS, NCQA, 5-star, and other standard quality rankings Payer performance assessment rankings • Open information self-released by payers on varied parameters (network sufficiency, member health statistics) *97% of consumers would appreciate cost saving information from their doctor, but are not getting it. External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited Process transparency Consumer expectations Current state Future state • Automated tools to share/guide on Administrative procedural knowledge Consumers unclear of process resulting in high call center traffic. Example: Unclear Explanation of Benefits (EOB), long wait times for claim status update* established procedures • Real-time prompts for possible savings • Clear & as-expected EOB • Real-time claim status update and alerts to validate identity • Customized awareness sessions, personalized trackers and alerts. Very small population segments with only limited generic information** • Common symptoms database, Healthcare literacy remains poor. Understanding of basic coverage terms is below average*** Increased persistent consumer-payer, consumer-consumer virtual interactions Medical procedural knowledge regularly updated by members (verified prior) & providers. Healthcare insurance knowledge *51% of patients do not check health records & EOBs for inaccuracies, either because they don’t know how or it’s too confusing **50% of patients with a chronic condition do not get diagnosis and treatment information when needed ***More than 60% of Health Insurance Exchange target population unaware of fundamental concepts, including premiums, out-of-pocket spending limits Plan How and When to Fulfill Transparency Expectations Healthcare organizations are yet to offer a wholesome engagement experience to the consumers as compared to Retail or Banking industries. This is primarily due to privacy concerns, regulations, legacy B2B business models designed to serve large groups and focused on improving administrative efficiency, inability to simplify the complex medical and financial information for easy consumer comprehension, and the presence of multiple internal & external information sources limiting health plans’ agility in sharing timely data. External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited This expectation can be met by evolving from basic and discrete information tools to a portfolio of solutions in order to provide consumers with a full “retail experience”. This includes informing, educating, clarifying, assisting with shopping or navigating the healthcare system, and engaging consumers on a continuous basis. These solutions can be deployed at specific consumer touchpoints and each has a specific informationsharing role to play. Some solutions, such as the comprehensive listing of providers or drugs, can reach their full potential if multiple payers work together with regulatory agencies. This will enable the design of more practical solutions that the consumers can put to real use. The following is a graphical representation of specific areas of opportunity for improving consumer transparency, where unique nimble solutions can be designed to offer information that is readily usable by consumers. Addressing the consumer’s transparency needs – opportunity areas across consumer touchpoints A • Quality Rating display • Comparative picture of Know your health plan: • Member health statistics Scorecard industry standing (Prevention & Care Management) B1 Basic Admission to Discharge Cost Estimator B3 Care Efficiency Scorecard, including Provider Network Sufficiency B2 Provider-dynamic directory with Ease of Navigation Enablers B4 Automated Service-Alerts based on member profile C1 Comprehensive Provider-Service Index across: C6: A Advanced Pre-Visit Shopping Companion (Care: C, Admin: A) •Quality •Cost •Performance •Credentials • Max Peer Referral • Consumer Experience Rating A – Attention B – Enrollment C – Delivery of care D – Claim management E – Feedback F – Member engagement C2 Online Symptom Search C3 Online Health Terminology Directory C4 Pre-emptive Alerts based on Medical Need of Service C5 Customized Wellness tracking tools C6: C Advanced Pre-Visit Shopping Companion (Care: C, Admin: A) • Both Price and Quality • Process transparency C7 Drug Choice Help • Prescription Drug Price Index • Drug Alternatives Listing • Personalized Drug Reaction Checker C: Accurate OOP Estimator D1 Provider-Specific Performance Metrics D2 Personalized savings alerts D3 Ease of claim settlement • Online Claim Status Checker • Live Meeting Walk-through of claim documentation • Real-time Threat Alert and Denial Management Member-Provider Reviews of: • Provider Services E2 Suggest As I Know You Payers/ Members can refer new plans/services based on known history of other consumers F4 Constant Interaction and Summary Sharing • Payer Transparency • Real-Time Feedback on Legend - Mapping to Dimensions of transparency outcomes transparency A: Automated Incentive Provision: Choice of Provider C: Benchmark-based pricing tool E1 • Price transparency • Quality of service and A: Appointment Scheduling post service-based comparison F1 F2 F3 published ratings Virtual Recognition of constant users Virtual Interactive session between Top Rated/Popular Providers and Members Real Engagement Scorecard • Constant Prompter Service – Small Prompts at every interaction point (screen, etc.,) giving highlights of next step • Customizable dashboard based on member profiling • Constant Surveys External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited Implement Adopting a Transparency Solution and Prioritizing Investment A health plan’s decision of which areas of of-pocket related process information only • Involvement of third parties such as consumer transparency opportunity to at the delivery of care stage. Mapping the providers, other health plans, and pursue will depend on its advancement in solution’s true purpose to the touchpoint consumers the consumer engagement journey, digital will ensure that the consumer receives just transformation progress, prioritization the right information at the right time. of short and long term objectives, and resource constraints. Generally, health plans would tap those opportunity areas that provide optimal solutions Depending on the investment cycle, some health plans may prefer short term, low-hanging fruit, whereas others may very complex. To elaborate, very complex as follows: implementation entails highly customized • Providing basic “good to know” solutions, with high implementation information to consumers • Providing operational information for peace of mind • Providing critical information to consumers for making decisions on choose broad-based initiatives appealing to a larger section of consumers. However, common ground for evaluation and their healthcare • Enhancing knowledge to facilitate prioritization of investments in consumer transparency should be based on the solution’s “transparency objective” and informed shopping • Personalizing information to build loyalty “complexity of implementation”. A. Transparency objective Usually enterprises share business information with the consumer with a specific objective which is best served when the information is provided to the consumer at the time he needs it the most and through the most appropriate touchpoint. For example, a consumer with health insurance cover would need out- External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited be graded along five levels, from simple to A solution’s objective may be categorized and wholesome experience, while complementing their business model. The complexity of implementation may B. Complexity of implementation The complexity of implementing a transparency solution largely depends on the following three parameters: • Build versus buy decision based on the level of customization needed • Complexity of data gathering, sharing of information and maintenance and maintenance costs, and needs realtime dynamic data updates, requiring stakeholders to commit time, resources, and ideas in order to succeed. On the other hand, simple implementation involves solutions with industry-standard functionality and minimal customization, supported primarily by static data that is updated periodically. For these reasons, a simple implementation makes it easier to get the stakeholders on-board and costs less than a complex one. Mapping complexity of implementation to the solution’s transparency objective The combination of the considerations of “transparency objective” and “implementation complexity” will help health plans analyze and prioritize the transparency focus areas as depicted in the graphic below, and chart out a roadmap for making relevant information available and usable to a large number of consumers. Mapping of “Complexity of Implementation” to “Transparency Objective” Transparency objective Personalized information – to build loyalty F4 F1 E2 Enhanced knowledge – to facilitate informed shopping Critical information – for healthcare decision making C4 C6: A C7 B4 D2 F2 B2 C6: C E1 Operational information – for peace of mind Basic information – good to know D3 C5 A C1 B3 F3 D1 B1 C3 C2 Simple Medium Complex Very Complex Complexity of implementation efforts Touchpoints: Attention Enrollment Delivery of Care Claim Management Feedback Member Engagement The alpha-numerical names in the circles represent the opportunity areas identified in the previous section of this article External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited It is evident from the graphic that the path Looking ahead to transparency is not simple. Most of To succeed, a health plan’s consumer the focus areas, which make information transparency initiative should be based on usable to consumers, are complex to three fundamental strategies: implement. This can be observed from the 1. Consumer-centric mapping in the graphic wherein 60% of the opportunity areas fall under complex or very complex implementation categories. Similarly, most of the unaddressed transparency needs are in the top three brackets of transparency objectives, which are supposed to provide critical care information, enhance consumer experience and ultimately build loyalty. Additionally, delivery of care (the yellow circles) and enrollment and claim (the blue circles) are the health functions with the maximum white spaces in consumer transparency implementation. By targeting these gaps • The transparency decisions should be aligned to consumer expectations and experience but not heavily influenced by “complexity of implementation”. • Transparency cannot be achieved through a big-bang approach, rather, should be aligned to consumer clusters and in some cases, to individual consumers. This will help in creating personal appeal. • Consumers’ expectations are drawn from what they experience with early, health plans can succeed at providing other industries. Cross-industry learning a wholesome consumer experience. can keep the health plans abreast of The bottom line in the near future: evolving needs. the healthcare industry would rapidly accept transparency as a state of being. • The true value of transparency initiatives can only be realized if the This state will call for bringing together consumers use the applications. To multiple stakeholders, pooling in data, achieve this, specific awareness sessions time, and effort, and ultimately engage should be undertaken targeted at the consumers. To ensure health plans play particular clusters, an important role, they should start now, tweaked based on population-specific prioritize their investments, and address the content and mode of access. existing information gaps, to evolve from 2. Organization-wide effort • Transparency needs more strategic focus and regular investment commitment, and should be part of quarterly plans and boardroom conversations. It requires the strong backing of external stakeholders to create a holistic plan • Transparency cannot be left to functional teams. Special task force teams including the heads of IT, marketing, and consumer experience, should run the show in conjunction with the functional SMEs. • Transparency opens the floodgates of information, bringing in the need for tighter and sharper privacy policies. 3. Agile: • Consumer transparency needs to keep evolving. Facilitating a continuous feedback mechanism and innovation environment can ensure that health plans constantly take the right effort and stay ahead of their competitors. • Using a combination of in-house resources, third party vendor solutions, and strategic consulting partnerships, will help health plans create a scalable and flexible transparency solution portfolio. the current state of information availability to a target state of information usability. References 1 Per Gartner’s four key attributes of Consumer Engagement 2 2014 Report Card on State Price Transparency Law 3 From 2006 to 2013 there has been a fivefold increase in employee enrollment in High Deductible Health Plans as per Kaiser/ HRET Survey of Employer-Sponsored Health Benefits 4 19th Annual Towers Watson/National Business Group on Health Employer Survey on Purchasing Value in Health Care 5 Catalyst for Payment Reform Survey 6 InstaMed Survey of Consumers who visited a Provider in 2013 7 2013 Accenture Consumer Transparency Survey 8 Ponemon Institute Survey on Medical Identity Theft, 2013 9 Institute of Medicine 10 Health Affairs Study published in December 2013 External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited About the authors Deepak Agarwal is a Senior Consultant with the Healthcare Consulting Practice at Infosys Public Services. He has 6+ years of experience working for different Provider & Payer clients (U.S.A. & India) – advising them on IT modernization, Process Re-engineering, Digital transformation for Consumer engagement, new Care delivery models in tune with ACO and PCMH, and Enterprise Risk analytics & management. He brings niche expertise on compliance strategies for healthcare reforms especially for ACA and ICD-10. He can be reached at [email protected] Madhuri Murthy is a Senior Associate Consultant with the Healthcare Consulting Practice at Infosys Public Services. Her key areas of expertise lie in analysing the trends and market potential of upcoming technologies, delivering research & consulting support and Points of View, contributing to business development. She has also gained experience in QNXT and ICD-10 compliance related work. She can be reached at [email protected] External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited Big Data Analytics in Healthcare – Taming the Elephant in the Room Analytics – The Next Big Thing in Healthcare Analytics will have a large role to play as member segmentation using factors like a different approach to analytics to close in helping healthcare payers redefine Medical Loss Ratio, age, gender, length of the gaps in consumer experience that are themselves and engage consumers policy, etc.) and the like. However, survey highlighted by the surveys. Two aspects by helping them manage their feedback as mentioned below, portrays need to change going forward: healthcare experience from beginning a stark picture in the payer industry. A to end. According to a leading analyst leading analyst firm states that up to three- firm, analytics is the 3rd leading quarters of consumers say that they are not investment driver for payers in the year satisfied with the documents and materials 2013-2014, with 50 percent of the they use for making healthcare decisions. health plans reporting investment in Another report says that consumers rank consumer analytics. health plans last among 14 industries This is not to say that payers didn’t use analytics in the past, or aren’t doing enough at present. Payers have used on consumer experience, trailing even television and Internet service providers, and well behind other insurance providers. analytics before for triggering simple mail Since analytics is the key to consumer for policy renewal, in internal analysis (such experience, it is clear that payers must take External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited 1) Consumers expect health plans to provide the same consumer experience as mature industries like retail, telecom, and banking. Hence it would be useful to adopt and apply the analytics concepts used in those industries, in healthcare. 2) Healthcare analytics must learn to leverage Big Data to achieve the outcomes of better patient care, consumer satisfaction, etc. Let’s talk about the issue of consumer Not many examples of big data analytics preference, and other factors uncovered retention in a competitive environment. in healthcare are quoted publicly since in the data Most Blues don’t have a CRM-based many firms are still experimenting with discovery phase. approach to understand which members it. Carolinas HealthCare System recently are likely to attrite. Commercial payers mentioned using data, which includes are more advanced in that they do have purchases a patient has made (using a statistical models which use different credit card or store loyalty card), into factors to develop attrition lists. predictive models that assign a risk score Let us see how cross-industry experience and big data may be leveraged in this context. to patients. The score would be regularly passed on to doctors and nurses who can 3) Prescriptive analytics – Based on data discovery and predictive analytics, provide a range of marketing intervention strategies for policies required through the member life cycle. suggest timely interventions to high-risk Or let’s take another area of consumer patients before they actually fall ill. To experience from a care coordination and Cross-Industry Experience: Following the quote an example of the analytics that’s management perspective. Typically, this is lead of industries such as retail, health possible – “For a patient with asthma, the an area where different entities responsible plans could employ member profiling, hospital would be able to assess how likely for care don’t have appropriate hand- product recommendation algorithms, and he is to arrive at the emergency room by offs, which adds to readmission cost and extensive factor A/B testing for products to looking at whether he’s refilled his asthma patient discomfort. According to research tailor their product and message outreach medication at the pharmacy, has been from 2012, the top reason for readmission strategy to different users. buying cigarettes at the grocery store, and among the Medicare fee-for-service patient Big Data: They can modify the outreach lives in an area with a high pollen count”. population is heart failure; more than 25 strategy further using big data by factoring This example is quite futuristic and should contact center and member portal data be within the realms of achievement in fields, if statistically significant, in the model. some years. However, there are other In our experience, the adoption of analytics opportunities that can be tapped in the concepts from other industries has started present itself. In our experience, given in earnest. However, big data analytics is the huge volumes of varied data, there is still a new idea in the industry, and will take an opportunity to find insights to answer some time to gain traction. This topic will questions that were previously considered be discussed in some detail in this paper. beyond reach by the payer industry. On the A leading consulting firm estimates that big data analytics can enable more than $300 billion in savings per year in U.S. healthcare and first mover advantage will ensure significant gains over a longer period. According to another survey by a leading consulting firm, 95 percent of healthcare CEOs are exploring better ways of using and managing big data; however, only 36 percent have made any headway in coming to grips with it. All agree that big data analytics has the potential to improve the quality and cost of care, but many are still struggling with finding the percent of patients hospitalized for heart failure will be readmitted to the hospital within 30 days of discharge. It is here that big data analytics can be effectively leveraged for reducing heart failure patient readmission by: 1. Understanding current readmission rates. 2. Establishing 30 and 90 day consumer experience front, let’s consider readmission measures to prevent the role of analytics in member renewal or looking at old data. prospect solicitation. Integrated data based on member demographics, medical claims, and social media activity can throw up immense possibilities for analytics of the following type: 1) Data discovery – Initiatives focused 3. Identifying and then stratifying patients with a primary diagnosis of heart failure, so that multidisciplinary teams may examine the root cause of readmissions to implement evidence-based, bestpractice intervention plans for patients. on identifying which policies work The teams can implement these for which specific segments of the interventions and track their impact on population from multiple perspectives readmission rates. – cost benefit, value-based benefit care, administrative effectiveness, etc. 2) Predictive analytics – Initiatives around right ways to infuse analytics into recommending policies to prospects everyday operations. based on the analytics of behaviour, External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited Context Member /Patient Centricity Traditional Care Models New Care Model Lack of provider integration, member Data interchange, exchange, and data, channel data, etc., leads to coordination allow for higher degree of operational silos. customizable care for members / patients. Integrated, coordinated care across entire Care Delivery Fragmented and disjointed – care continuum via proactive disease redundancies and gaps in care. identification, mapping care program to patient and care management. Accountability No accountability for care delivered. Ability to incorporate pay-forperformance for care delivered. Nearly one-third of Americans have two or more chronic conditions, and individuals with chronic diseases drive more than 75 percent of healthcare costs. Payer health plans and insurance companies can significantly reduce the cost of care by addressing some of the following areas with the aid of big data solutions: • Time sequencing – longitudinal analysis of care across patients and diagnoses • Cluster analysis on influencers of treatment for chronic conditions • Analysis of clinical notes (multi-structured data) External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited Technical Challenges The benefit of using big data is well trend investigation into data going size of stored data and provide a cleaner understood. But performing analytics on back several decades. However, if the set of data for analytics. big data presents its own set of unique purpose is to improve understanding challenges. The Carolinas Healthcare of members’ portal usage behaviour, it System story has had a huge impact on the may not be relevant to store data that is possibilities of using big data for analytics. more than a few months old. However, on the flip side, many payers are concerned that the amount of amassed data is so large that it is difficult to find • Should we analyze it all? This question, in the context of big the most valuable pieces of information. data, is parallel to that of the correct Here are some of the questions that IT / sample size in predictive analytics. Business personnel frequently grapple with When we are talking about data of when analyzing big data. the order of Petabytes and Zettabytes, • understanding it becomes a huge Should we store all our data for doing analytics? challenge. The guideline here is to understand that since computation Setting aside the need to maintain is cheaper than storage, an inherent certain healthcare data by law, the differentiation of data which will be decision of what and how much stored / data lakes from the real time data to store depends on the final incoming data / data streams should be purpose. For e.g., any initiative to study made. An upfront data evaluation of the effectiveness of care needs a long term incoming streams can help reduce the Acquire & Retain Indicative data to be used: Consumer demographic information along with products selected information Use: Offer suggestions to new prospects based on their demographic information Outcome: Increase in prospect to member conversion Involve & Empower Indicative data to be used: RX and medical data Use: Identifying consumer need and providing relevant / allied information Outcome: Ability to pre-authorize for medical and pharmacy and display copay information associated with specific pharmaceuticals • Which areas should we focus analytics on while managing the data deluge? The key to obtaining effective insights from analytics lies in identifying the appropriate areas where this insight would be used. Segregating the sheer volume and variety of data to identify those areas that are vital from an analytics point of view is of grave importance. An indicative diagrammatic representation of the data which can be used across the consumer lifecycle and the benefits this entails is given below: Inform & Service Indicative data to be used: Collecting and analyzing trends from mobile app interactions Use: Monitor and gather cardio / diabetes related data Outcome: Allows medical professionals to provide care options using remotely gathered data External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited We had already indicated an example of payers using big data analytics for soliciting prospects. Here’s another example of how integrating Rx and • How can we find data points analytics should answer in order to be both strategically and operationally of drugs with clinical diagnoses to regardless of the time frame. both technology and business to rapidly develop industry-specific insights. nothing to business intelligence. So, spending perspective. An ideal solution is one that enables understanding business strategy – what technology and business users to is trying to be accomplished at the 2) Predictive analytics – Initiatives around analysis of cost of care over highest levels, and how this strategy identified treatment paths to identify plays out in operations /outcomes is the most effective one. important. work together to integrate, aggregate, manage, analyze, disseminate, and act upon large volumes of multi-structured data. With a repository of over 250 algorithms, 50+ visualization options, • How fast can I capitalize on and industry-specific applications, big data? analytics, provide a range of There is a need for a platform like Infosys BigDataEdge for empowering is “noise” that contributes little or appropriate from a safety and drug utilization. analytics, which can be a huge ask, meaningful. 95 percent of big data understand if utilization is diagnosis codes as a way of managing scientists, modelers, etc.) to do the performance indicators (KPIs), which on identifying utilization patterns perquisite trials to restricting hiring, and training resources (data be able to define questions on key 1) Data discovery – Initiatives focused provider education to requiring available products as well as identifying, data scientists / BI personnel need to “service” area of the consumer lifecycle: intervention strategies, from enabling This requires deep evaluation of Once the hurdle of which area(s) to focus on in big data analytics is crossed, possibilities for analytics under the data discovery and predictive needs agility of insights and actions. which are really significant? medical data can throw up immense 3) Prescriptive analytics – Based on data applications, whereas business Infosys BigDataEdge can help In our experience, enterprises are businesses generate insights up to eight looking for the ability to quickly times faster and action decisions in real discover, analyze, and act on time. information to drive business decisions as a way of capitalizing on the Each payer might focus on a different part opportunities of big data analytics and of the consumer life cycle based on their addressing its technical challenges. internal set of objectives, priorities, budget Technology teams need the flexibility constraints, et al. to rapidly develop industry-specific big The final decision of how analytics will be used will depend on the individual payer’s requirements and constraints of budget, time, and personnel, and therefore must be based on a thorough understanding of these elements. References [1] Burghard, Cynthia; Young, Janice W., U.S. Healthcare Payer Top 10 2014 Predictions: Focus on Analytics, Dec 2013, Doc # HI244841, IDC Health Insights Presentation [2] Manning, Harley. “Hot off the press: Forrester’s Customer Experience Index, 2011.” January 11, 2011. [3] Groves, Peter; Kayyali, Basel; Knott, David; Kuiken, Steve Van; The “Big Data” revolution in healthcare, McKinsey&Company, January 2013 [4] Fit for the future 17th Annual Global CEO Survey, Key findings in the Healthcare industry, PWC, February 2014 [5] http://www.carolinashealthcare.org/body.cfm?id=14&action=detail&ref=805 [6] http://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/aag/chronic.htm External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited About the authors Dr. Deepti Mehtani Healthcare Consultant, Infosys Public Services Deepti Mehtani is a healthcare consultant working with Infosys Public Services. She has wide experience of working on both Payer and Provider domains and is an SME on Provider Revenue Cycle Management. She can be reached at [email protected] Madhumitha Swaminathan Senior Associate Consultant, Infosys Public Services Madhumitha Swaminathan is a Senior Associate Consultant, working with the healthcare vertical in the Infosys Public Services. She has worked extensively in the healthcare payer domain, for both Blues and Government clients. She has mainly worked on Health Insurance Exchanges and Payer Portals. She can be reached at [email protected] Anand Madhavan Senior Practice Lead, Infosys Public Services Anand Madhavan is a Senior Practice Lead with Infosys Public Services responsible for analytics in healthcare. He has a decade-long experience in helping organizations navigate strategic business problems using analytics and driving tangible business impact. He can be reached at [email protected] External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited Using Analytics for Insurance Fraud Detection 3 Innovative Methods and a 10-Step Approach to Kick Start Your Initiative Summary If you’ve been used to thinking about analytics in terms of sales or marketing, think again. Today, analytics can reinvent your enterprise technologies — social networking, big data, CRM — to crack down on financial offenders. Giving you more than an insight a day, to keep the fraud away. Digitization aids branding, customer acquisition, and incidences of high-value fraud went a new opportunity for fraud detection? retention. Insurance firms also receive a undetected. In addition to this, the big plethora of inputs from digital information data trend, (the growth in unstructured in the form of feedback, which also can be data) always leaves lot of room for a used to come up with customized products fraud going undetected if data is not of mobile devices and social media is and competitive pricing. analyzed thoroughly. changing the business landscape for In addition to these opportunities, all sectors — including insurance. The insurance companies are harnessing The big data trend, (the growth in opportunities offered by this landscape digitization — using data analytics for unstructured data) always leaves lots for insurers are vast. Social networks and fraud detection. Handling fraud manually of room for a fraud going undetected communities help insurers connect with has always been costly for insurance if data is not analyzed thoroughly their customers better, which in turn companies, even if one or two low Digitization marked by a growing number Traditionally, insurance companies use statistical models to identify fraudulent claims Fraud detection by insurance companies These models have their own companies have to bear the consequences Analytics addresses these challenges and disadvantages. First, they use sampling of the first time. Finally, the traditional plays a very crucial role in fraud detection methods to analyze data, which leads to method works in silos and is not quite for insurance companies. Some of the one or more frauds going undetected. capable of handling the ever-growing key benefits of using analytics in fraud There is a penalty for not analyzing all sources of information from different detection are discussed below. the data. Second, this method relies on channels and different functions in an the previously existing fraud cases, so integrated way. every time a new fraud occurs, insurance External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited Using sampling techniques comes with its own set of accepted errors. By using analytics, insurance companies can build systems that run through all critical data. This in turn helps detect low-incidence (0.001%) events. Techniques such as predictive modeling can be used to thoroughly analyze instances of fraud, filter obvious cases, and refer lowincidence fraud cases for further analysis. Analytics help in building a truly global perspective of the anti-fraud efforts throughout the enterprise. Such a perspective often leads to effective fraud detection by linking associated information within the organization. Fraud can occur at a number of source points: claims or surrender, premium, application, employee-related or third-party fraud. At the same time, insurance channel diversification is adding to the fragmentation of traceable data. Insurance-related activities can be done via mobile devices apart from the traditional online and face-to-face insurance. This can be viewed as an addition to information silos in the insurance industry. Given greater channel diversification and the increase in areas where fraud can occur, it is important for insurers to have accessible enterprise-level information about their business and customers. Analytics plays an important role in integrating data. Effective fraud detection capabilities can be built by combining data from various sources. Analytics also help in integrating internal data with third-party data that may have predictive value, such as public records. Data sources with derogatory attributes are all public records that can be integrated into a model. Examples include bankruptcies, liens, judgements, criminal records, foreclosures, or even address change velocity to indicate transient behavior. Other types of third-party data can be beneficial in enhancing efficiencies such as review of appraisal information to determine if damages match description or loss or injuries being claimed. One of the most under-utilized data sources is medical bill review data. This data, if used in a model properly, is a gold mine for companies investigating medical fraud. Uncovering anomalies, in billing and adding these to the other scoring engines or social network analysis will decrease the amount of time an investigator or analyst spends trying to pull all of the pieces together to identify fraudulent activity. Analytics helps in deriving the best value from unstructured data. Fraud can be soft fraud or hard fraud. This is based on whether it consists of a policyholder’s exaggerated claims, or if it consists of a policy holder planning or inventing a loss. At a high level, fraud can occur during commission rebating, due to false documentation, collusion between parties or from mis-selling. Although lots of structured information is stored in a data warehouse as part of many applications, most of the crucial information about a fraud is in unstructured data, such as third party reports, which are hardly analyzed. In most insurance firms, information available in social media is not appropriately stored. A special-investigativeunit investigator will agree that unstructured data is very important for fraud analysis. Since textual data is not directly used for reporting, it does not find a place in most data warehouses. This is where text analytics can play a key role in reviewing this unstructured data and providing some valuable insights in fraud detection. External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited Three innovative fraud detection methods saves time and gives the insurer an link analysis, one looks for clusters and insight into the parameters involved in how those clusters link to other clusters. 1. Social Network Analysis (SNA) the fraud case. SNA allows the company Public records such as judgments, to proactively look through large foreclosures, criminal records, address amounts of data to show relationships change frequency, and bankruptcies are use of social network analysis (SNA). In via links and nodes. all data sources that can be integrated a car accident, all people in the vehicle The SNA tool combines a hybrid into a model. have exchanged addresses and phone approach of analytical methods. The numbers and provided them to the Using the hybrid approach, the insurer can hybrid approach includes organizational insurer. However, the address given by rate these claims. If the rating is high, it business rules, statistical methods, one of the accident victims may have pattern analysis, and network linkage indicates that the claim is fraudulent. This many claims or the driven vehicle may analysis to really uncover the large have been involved in other claims. amounts of data to show relationships Having the ability to cull this information via links. When one looks for fraud in a Let’s take an example to explain the SNA follows this path: • The data (structured and unstructured) from various sources is fed into the extract transform Operational data store may be because of a known bad address or suspicious provider or vehicle in many accidents with multiple carriers. Extract transform load Fraud repostitory and load tool. It is then transformed and loaded into a data warehouse. • The analytics team uses information across a wide variety of sources and scores the risk of fraud and prioritizes the likelihood based on multiple factors. The information used can range anywhere from a prior conviction, a relationship in some manner to another individual with a prior case, multiple rejected claims, odd combinations of data, or even odd modifications to personal information. • Technologies such as text mining, sentiment analysis, content categorization and social network analysis are integrated into the fraud identification and predictive modeling process. • Depending on the score of the particular network, an alert is generated. • The investigators can then leverage this information and begin researching more on the fraudulent claim. • Finally, issues or frauds that are identified are added into the business use case system, which is a part of the hybrid framework. External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited Insurance fraud detection using social network analysis Before implementing SNA, insurers should consider: • How fast data arrives • How clean the data is when it arrives • How deep the analysis must go to get the results • What type of user interface components need to be included in the SNA dashboard Case study: GE Consumer & Industrial Home Services Division Scenario providers committing fraud. This situation calculated for each claim. There are made for an ideal pilot scenario. SAS was some indicators like flags that are given the responsibility of analyzing the calculated based on various metrics available data and identifying patterns in and sent for auditing when they the data to find out who was committing indicate that multiple elements in the the fraud. claim fall out of the normal curve. Once these claims are flagged, the auditors at identify patterns. With the amount of Functioning of the fraud detection system data available to them, no one could see Typically, there are some metrics and unusual behavior emerging. Sometime indicators on every claim that assist in The GE Consumer & Industrial Home back, GE got the perfect scenario to test identifying suspicious or fraudulent claims. Services Division estimated that it an SNA solution from SAS, a developer GE’s claims data is fed into the fraud saved about $5.1 million in the first year of business analytics software. The detection software. There are 26 claim- of using SAS, to detect suspect claims. company was tipped off to some service level analyses, which are automatically In GE Consumer & Industrial Home Services Division, claims typically came from technicians who repair consumer products that are under warranty. One of the biggest problems with their old process was that they could not 2. Predictive analytics for big data Consider a scenario when a person raises a claim saying that his car caught fire, but the story that was narrated by him indicates that he took most of the valuable items out prior to the incident. That might indicate the car was torched on purpose. Here’s how the text analytics technology works: • Claim adjusters write long reports when they investigate the claims • Clues are normally hidden in the reports, which the claims adjuster would not have noticed GE investigate these suspicious claims. Outcome • However, the computing system, which is based on business rules, can spot evidence of possible fraud • The most important point to observe is that people who usually commit fraud alter their story over time. The fraud detection system can spot these discrepancies Predictive analytics include the use of text analytics and sentiment analysis to look at big data for fraud detection. Claim reports span across multiple pages, leaving very little room for text analytics to detect the scam easily. Big data analytics helps in sifting through unstructured data, which wasn’t possible earlier and helps in proactively detecting frauds. There has been an increase in the use of predictive analytics technology, which is a part of big data analytics concept, to spot potentially fraudulent claims and speed the payment of legitimate ones. In the past, predictive analytics were used to analyze statistical information stored in the structured databases, but now it is branching out into the big data realm. The potential fraud present in the written report above is spotted using text analytics and sentiment analysis. External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited Case study: Infinity Insurance Co. to others. With the kind of exposure After using predictive analysis, Infinity has, spotting insurance fraud, the claims fraud system increased Infinity, a property and casualty either while raising the claim or while the success rate in pursuing calculating the premium to be paid, is fraudulent claims from 50–88 % and even more important than it is to other reduced the time required to refer insurance companies. Infinity uses a questionable claims for investigation predictive analytics technology to spot by as much at 95%. company, came up with the idea of ‘scoring’ insurance claims from customers to look for signs of fraud. Its target market is mainly drivers who have higher than normal risks and pay high rates compared potentially fraudulent claims and speed the payment of legitimate ones. 3. Social customer relationship management (CRM) Social CRM uses a company’s existing Social CRM is neither a platform nor a social chatter, which acts as reference technology, but rather, a process. It is data for the existing data in the current important that insurance companies link CRM. The reference data along with social media to their CRM. When social information stored in the CRM is fed into media is integrated within multiple layers a case management system. The case of the organization, it enables greater management system then analyzes the transparency with customers. Mutually information based on the organization’s beneficial transparency indicates that the business rules and sends a response. The company trusts its customers and vice versa. response from the claim management This customer-centric ecosystem reinforces system as to whether the claim is the fact that increasingly the customer is in fraudulent or not, is then confirmed control. This customer-centric ecosystem by investigators independently, since can be beneficial to the business as well, the output of social analytics is just an if the business is able to leverage the indicator and should not be taken as the collective intelligence of its customer base. final reason to reject a claim. External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited CRM and gathers data from various social media platforms. It uses a ‘listening’ tool to extract data from Regulators Customer Business Case study: AXA OYAK, Turkey AXA OYAK is a Turkish insurance Using its social CRM, AXA was able to efficiently. Using SAS, AXA OYAK was company that has been using the SAS clean up their customer portfolio data. quickly able to find the relationships Social CRM solution to manage risk This helped them find and correct between customer behavior and and prevent fraud. AXA OYAK built an inconsistencies in this data, which enables fraudulent claims. With the SAS data intelligent enterprise around social AXA to link two slightly different records to warehouse, AXA is able to segment CRM in such a way that it integrates all the same customer. With cleaner data, AXA their customer data based on flags that customer-related information into a can run more accurate customer analysis are generated while analyzing certain single and coordinated corporate vision. and investigate fraudulent claims more relationships between data sets. External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited A 10-step approach to implement analytics for fraud detection Many insurance fraud detection tools target only a specific insurance vertical, such as claim management, and build the entire framework around it. For making the insurance fraud framework more robust, a more holistic framework is needed. One which examines all potential areas for fraud – claims, premiums, applications, employee and vendor details in an integrated fashion. Here we outline 10 steps for implementing analytics for fraud detection. 1 Insurance companies are realizing the importance of analytics in the fraud detection Perform SWOT space and hurriedly opting for expensive fraud solutions that are not aligned to the company’s weakness and strengths. In order to leverage analytics solutions to the fullest, insurance companies should first do a SWOT analysis of existing fraud detection frameworks and processes to identify gaps. 2 Build a dedicated fraud management team Usually, in a traditional insurance company, no specific team or person is proactively accountable for fraud detection. When fraud is detected internally, people point fingers, raise alarms and take measures to fight it. It is important that a dedicated team is identified and made accountable for fraud detection. The team should report to senior management for necessary buy in. 3 Whether to build or buy Once the SWOT is complete and a team of dedicated people for fraud detection have been identified, insurance companies should review how they want to implement analytics and what data sources they want to analyze. Insurance firms need to be honest in answering whether the skill set for building analytics solutions are available in-house or whether there is a need to buy an analytical fraud detection solution from an external vendor. If there is a need to buy the analytics solution, insurance firms should evaluate different analytics vendors in the market to find a solution that best fits the company’s requirements. Key parameters to judge an external vendor are cost, user interface, scalability, ease of integration and ability to add new data sources. 4 Clean data Integrate siloed databases and remove inefficiencies from processes and redundancies from data sources. 5 Come up with relevant business rules External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited Insurance companies should leverage existing domain expertise and experienced resources to come up with business rules. Certain types of fraud are very specific to the industry and, in some cases, certain companies. Without inputs from in-house capabilities, it will be difficult for any internal or external team to build a robust fraud detection solution. 6 Come up with pre-determined anomaly detection thresholds 7 Use predictive modeling Whether the analytics framework is built in-house or by using a third-party vendor, insurance companies should provide inputs for threshold values for different anomalies. The number of claims received for life insurance is different from the number of claims received in nonlife insurance. Key performance indicators associated with tasks or events are baselined and thresholds are set using anomaly detection. Setting the threshold is a major decision in anomaly detection. If thresholds are set too high, too many fraudulent claims could slip through the system. When thresholds are set too low, there can be risks of wasting time, alienating members and providers, and can result in late-payment penalties. Certain statistical analyses take an empirical value by determining ‘normal’ ranges for predetermined metrics. An important fraud detection method is one that utilizes data mining tools to build models that produce fraud propensity scores linked to unidentified metrics. Claims are automatically scored to look for any indication of a discrepancy or fraud. After this, the results are made available for review and further analysis. 8 Use of SNA SNA has proven effective in identifying organized fraud activities by modeling relationships between various entities involved in the claim. Entities can range anywhere between locations to telephone numbers. The number of linkages between certain types of entities may be found to be much greater than the average number of connections expected based on statistical analyses of other ‘networks’ of entities. an integrated 9 Build case management system leveraging social media Integrated case management capabilities allow investigators to capture all key findings that are relevant to an investigation, including claims data, network diagrams, adjuster notes, and social media, which can contain structured or unstructured data. Metrics are the key indicators of fraud or abuse and can be automatically tabulated for comparison at the individual entity or network level (using the anomaly threshold or SNA). Case workflow enables a full and complete assessment of investigative workload, efficiency, and return on investment. 10 Forward-looking analytics solutions Insurance companies should keep looking for additional sources of data and integrate those with existing fraud detection solutions, for building the most efficient fraud detection system possible to address a variety of new frauds that may emerge in the future. External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited The proposed system can • • • • • Rapidly organize and analyze the unstructured data present in the claims submitted by the claimant, notes of the claim adjuster and third-party reports Examine the sentiments of the claimant to help drill down to the specific concerns that bother at-risk customers Synthesize complex fraudulent patterns that contain the presence of multiple red flag indicators Detect and provide early warning of potential issues before they become problems Uncover early patterns in fraudulent activity External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited The way forward Insurance firms always hesitate in implementing analytics because of the initial time investment needed for analytics solutions. However, it has been seen that analytics goes a long way in detecting fraud proactively and earlier in the insurance lifecycle. It culminates in reducing the overall cost of fraud detection and improving the overall ROI of insurance fraud solutions. Insurers must now exploit the existing data in any form (structured or unstructured) by using analytics to effectively detect, manage, and report frauds. The earlier the fraud is detected in the insurance lifecycle, the lesser it costs to manage it. Analytics can play a very important role in identifying fraud early in the insurance lifecycle, and failing to act on this opportunity could quite literally equate to a gargantuan loss. About the Authors Ruchi Verma Senior Consultant, Financial Services and Insurance Unit She has around eight and half years of experience in Infosys in varied roles across multiple accounts. Her areas of interest includes emerging trends and regulations in the financial services and insurance domain. She can be reached at [email protected] Sathyan Ramakrishna Mani Senior Associate Consultant, Financial Services and Insurance Unit He has close to three years of experience in varied roles across multiple accounts. His interests are in the area of capital markets. He is also a keen follower of macroeconomic events that take place around the world. He can be reach at [email protected] External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited Notes External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited Notes External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited Notes External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited Follow us linkedin.com/company/infosys twitter.com/Infosys External Document © 2015 Infosys Limited About Infosys Infosys is a global leader in consulting, technology, outsourcing and next-generation services. We enable clients, in more than 50 countries, to stay a step ahead of emerging business trends and outperform the competition. We help them transform and thrive in a changing world by co-creating breakthrough solutions that combine strategic insights and execution excellence. Visit www.infosys.com to see how Infosys (NYSE: INFY), with US$ 8.7 billion in annual revenues and 176,000+ employees, is helping enterprises renew themselves while also creating new avenues to generate value. For more information, contact [email protected] www.infosys.com © 2015 Infosys Limited, Bangalore, India. All Rights Reserved. Infosys believes the information in this document is accurate as of its publication date; such information is subject to change without notice. Infosys acknowledges the proprietary rights of other companies to the trademarks, product names and such other intellectual property rights mentioned in this document. Except as expressly permitted, neither this documentation nor any part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, printing, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of Infosys Limited and/ or any named intellectual property rights holders under this document.