33 news (A4) - NIAS

Transcription

33 news (A4) - NIAS

F A L L
NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE FOR
ADVANCED STUDY IN THE
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
2 0 0 4
N IAS Newsletter 33
Institute of the Royal Netherlands
Academy of Arts and Sciences
Meijboomlaan 1,
2242 PR Wassenaar
Telephone: (0)70 - 51 22 700
Telefax: (0)70 - 51 17 162
E-mail: [email protected]
Internet: http://www.nias.knaw.nl
Contents
1 Editorial
2 Rector’s Note
3 From the NFA Chair
4 Tribute to Els Glastra van Loon-Boon
(1916-2004)
7 NIAS and Morocco 2005
10 The Wealth of Nature?
13 Minutes of the NFA General Meeting
4 June 2004
15 Research Group 2004/05
42 “NIAS Books”
Received March - September 2004
43 Personal News
47 Workshops and Conferences
NIAS Seminars an Lectures (backflap)
Editorial
On 31 July 2004, Els van Loon, former Deputy Director of
NIAS, passed away at the age of 87. Mrs. J.E. Glastra van
Loon-Boon was appointed to NIAS by the Board of
Governors of the Leiden University on 1 February 1971. Els
served under the leadership of Director Professor H.A.J.F.
Misset for over nine years until 1 September 1980. A
moving tribute to this exceptional lady appears elsewhere
in this Newsletter. NIAS will always remember Els and the
important part she played in the first challenging years
after its founding. The Institute remains indebted to her for
her unceasing dedication and efforts.
There is a change in the Board of the NIAS Fellows
Association. During the General Meeting of the NFA on 4
June 2004 Chair Mayke de Jong relinquished her position in
favor of Rudy Andeweg. Appointed in 1998 and re-elected
for a second term of three years in 2001 Mayke served the
alumni committee with great affection, commitment and
enthusiasm. NIAS is most grateful for her many years of
dynamic 'service' always offered with great good humor;
and let us not forget her many varied contributions to the
Newsletter. We will miss her ready presence.
This year’s NFA Day will be on Friday, 3 June 2005
when the renowned linguist Ekkehard König from
the Freie Universität Berlin (Fellow 1884/85) will
give the 23rd Uhlenbeck Lecture.
Rector’s Note
Every year, during its fall meeting, the NIAS
scholarship committee reviews the final
reports of the Fellows of the previous year.
These reports make up an impressive volume
of more than two-hundred pages in which the
accomplishments and observations of every
Fellow are listed. In some cases, highly
relevant suggestions are made for the
improvement of our services and facilities.
Reading through these reports one cannot help
notice the recurring theme of appreciation
about the atmosphere at the Institute, which is
considered as very conducive to thinking and
writing. For Professor Paul De Grauwe, last
year’s Jelle Zijlstra Fellow, this led to a
breakthrough in his thinking during his three
months at NIAS.
Apart from their personal and collective
achievements, nearly all Fellows also praise
the staff’s helpful and friendly attitude, and
point particularly to the extensive support they
received from the library staff.
Planning Session for the Team Group on Restricted
Linguistic Systems as Windows on Language Genesis
1-2 November 2004 (Pieter Muysken and Rudie Botha)
Fellows also refer to spontaneous interactions
among themselves. All kinds of intellectual
exchanges were mentioned, several of which
were announced as leading to joint
publications. One of the most original
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outcomes of the NIAS formula is a prospective
study on beer by the historian Richard Unger
(Vancouver) and the psychologist Jaap Murre
(Amsterdam). Unger recently published two
books on the subject and Murre helped carry
out a pilot study at NIAS for the empirical part
of their research.
A special word of thanks should be addressed
to last year’s Fellows Committee, inspired by
its Chair Pieter Kroonenberg (Leiden). Their
efforts to foster community life at NIAS
culminated in a sublime parody of the
Institute’s traditions performed in oriental
dress during the Farewell Dinner. On this
occasion, Karla Pollmann (St. Andrews)
supplied NIAS with the emblem it has so sorely
missed: INGENICO AC AMICITIA. These words were
embroidered on an apron to be worn by the
Rector during next year’s Spring Breakfast.
This year, our only theme group will be dealing
with the preparation of a scholarly edition of
an early treatise by Hugo Grotius, De Iure
Praedae (On the Law of Prize and Booty). Under
the supervision of Laurens Winkel and Hans
Blom (both from Rotterdam), specialists in
legal and intellectual history and political
theory are joining efforts with a neo-latinist to
re-publish this text and to situate it within
Grotius’ oeuvre and that of his contemporaries.
In addition, we have two duo-fellowships. The
first is Lieve Gevers (Leuven) and Jan Bank
(Leiden) who are writing up the synthesis of an
European Science Foundation (ESF) working
group on the religious aspects of the Nazioccupation, and second is Frédéric Laugrand
(Montréal) and Jarich Oosten (Leiden) who are
collaborating on a comparative study of
shamanism and its interaction with Christianity
among Canadian Inuits. Horst Siebert (Kiel), an
economic sage from Germany, is holder of this
year’s Jelle Zijlstra Professorial Fellowship. His
public lecture at the Free University,
Amsterdam on 13 January 2005 will be titled
“Germany’s Stalling Economic Engine: How to
get it running again”. The Guest of the Rector,
the renowned historian Wolfgang Reinhard
(Freiburg), is writing his contribution to a book
on the new history of the Atlantic World. And
so it goes on with many more scholars
enhancing their own and the Institute’s
reputation by working on a wide variety of
subjects. We are particularly pleased to have
among us this year two professors in Jewish
studies from the École Pratique des Hautes
Études en Sciences Sociales in Paris, Fellow
Esther Benbassa and her husband JeanChristophe Attias.
The future also looks good. For the current
year 2004/05, there were more than thirty
applications from Central Europe for a Mellon
of Magyar Fellowship or a Visiting Grant place,
which meant that competition was fierce and
we were able to select excellent candidates.
Similarly, the number of foreign applications
for individual fellowships was well above
seventy, which meant that we had to
disappoint a great number of qualified
scholars. For 2005/06, we hope to have two
theme groups by which we hope to stimulate
new fields of multidisciplinary research: a
Esther Benbassa during her NIAS Seminar
Israeli/Palestinian-Arab/Jew. The Archaeology of a
Conflict (21 October 2004)
group on Language Genesis, led by Rudie
Botha (Stellenbosch) and Pieter Muysken
(Nijmegen), and another on The Formation of
Carolingian Political Identity, initiated by
Mayke de Jong (Utrecht). Of course, there are
many more exciting ideas in the bag.
Wim Blockmans
Rector
From the NFA Chair
The single most important disadvantage of a
NIAS Fellowship is that it is temporary. After
ten months “it’s back to economy class” as one
of my colleagues, himself a former NIAS
Fellow, kept reminding me during my stay. On
that sad day that one packs one’s books and
papers into cardboard boxes for the journey
home, it seems only a small and merely
symbolic comfort that once a year, on the first
Friday of June, or thereabouts, NFA Day will
provide an opportunity to return. Yet, the large
attendance on June 4 indicates that many
former Fellows continue to feel part of the
NIAS community, even many years after they
drove away with their cardboard boxes. As
always, there was ample time and opportunity
to greet the trusted NIAS staff, and to meet old
acquaintances over lunch before the start of
the Uhlenbeck Lecture, and later in the
NIAS Newsletter Fall 2004
afternoon over drinks, oysters (!) and other
delicacies. In this year’s Uhlenbeck Lecture,
Kees Schuyt discussed “Common Sense
Philosophy from Thomas Reid to Charles
Peirce: its Relevance for Science and Society
Today”. Both the concept of common sense
philosophy and the links between the various
philosophers concerned were enthusiastically
debated afterwards.
Mayke de Jong presided over this year’s
meeting, but stepped down as NFA Chair. Over
the years, Mayke has come to personify NFA.
She was always present to welcome the new
Fellows at the start of a new NIAS year in
September, and to welcome back the old
Fellows on NFA Day in June, and I know that
occasionally she also invited Fellows from
abroad to visit her in Amsterdam. I think I
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Mayke de Jong talking with Richard Unger (NIAS Fellow
2003/04) at NFA Day, 13 June 2004
speak on behalf of all when I thank Mayke for
her invaluable contribution over the past
years. One of the best protected NIAS
mysteries is the recruitment procedure for
positions in the Fellows Committee or the NFA
Board. Even the selection of a new pope is
more transparent and democratic, but it seems
that the chimneys at the Meijboomlaan have
blown white smoke in my direction and I must
do my duty. Fortunately, Els Kloek and Gerard
Nijsten will stay on as Board members.
It was only last year, on NFA Day in 2003, that
Mayke de Jong reminded us that Christopher
Brown’s Uhlenbeck Lecture would be the first
without Uhlenbeck himself present. Not long
after this year’s NFA Day we learned that Els
Glastra van Loon had passed away. Thus, in a
short period of time, NIAS lost both its
founding father and its founding mother. For
Fellows of older ‘vintages’, the memories of
their NIAS year are probably dominated by
these two strong personalities. But even
Fellows of more recent years have felt their
influence: the absence of telephones in the
offices, and a couch in each office; these were
all decisions made by Mrs. Glastra van Loon. Of
course, NIAS develops and changes. Last year
alone saw a number of changes amongst
which the introduction of the new KB
Fellowships and the creation of the ‘Blue Room’
in Ooievaarsnest. However, when one
compares memories with Fellows from other
years on NFA Day, it is striking how similar and
how similarly positive they are. Apparently, the
core of what NIAS seeks to accomplish each
year has not changed, and that is in no small
part the legacy of Els Glastra van Loon: to
provide a ‘first class’ reprieve for scholars from
an increasingly ‘economy class’ academic
world.
Rudy Andeweg
Chair NFA
Tribute to Els Glastra van Loon-Boon
(1916-2004)
By Anne Simpson
Sadly, Els van Loon died on 31 July 2004. She
had bravely fought Parkinsons, that cruel
disease, for the past ten years, in fact with her
rare sense of humour she made light of it, and
she even made fun of it. I well remember
traveling to Italy with her a few years back and
she asked if I could see those six elephants in
the field on the right. Well, of course, I couldn’t
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see any elephants, which made her scream
with laughter as she began to tell me of all the
things she could see but others not. It seems
she had lived with a rabbit under her bed for
years, a rabbit with a difference, because this
one ate only exotic foods! Her hallucinations
were due, of course, to medication and,
although she could see the humour in
everything and continued to mock herself
unmercifully, it certainly was painful to see
such a strong and energetic person slowly
deteriorating – hell, she had been playing good
tennis well into her seventies! Her increasing
frailty must have been a terrible blow to a
person who had always lived life on the run.
I came to know Els at NIAS where she was the
first Deputy Director of that Institute, and
partly responsible for its opening. In many
ways the job was tailor-made for her. It
required flair and innovation, qualities she had
in abundance. She was the right person in the
right place at the right time. The story of how
the institute began, and how it was pulled back
from the decay of disuse as weeds and
toadstools took hold on the inside walls of the
main building, is already well documented.
What is probably not known though, is the fact
that way back then in the 1970s the
changeover period between Fellows’ groups
departing and arriving was a mere five
working days – quite a contrast to the present
two-month changeover period. Money was
very scarce then too, which sometimes meant
that there was never enough to properly
furnish the fellows’ houses: we had to makedo-and-mend, and this required the whole staff
to heave what furniture there was from one
place to another in preparation for the
incoming Fellows. And incidentally, even the
houses were in short supply although Els had
managed to wheedle several rentals from the
local authority. She was so persuasive she
could talk a monkey out of a tree. Els never
spared herself during this period, nor on other
similar occasions. She never asked anyone to
carry out a task she wouldn’t do herself. Life
was never dull. Something was always going
on. It was not unusual for her to spend the
whole night at NIAS working alone, return
home for a quick shower, breakfast with her
children, and still be first at the Institute the
next day. She was quite some woman! Els really
set the tone for the Institute – nothing was too
much for its Fellows. There is no question but
that Els and Misset together built something to
be proud of: they breathed life into the place,
and gave it the spirit it maintains even today.
I have asked some Fellows from those early
years how they remember Els. Cor Lammers
(1972/73) saw her as a splendid crisis
manager and tells of a foreign couple arriving
at Schiphol in the middle of the night without
luggage or passports claiming to be NIAS
Fellows. Els went to their rescue and somehow
convinced the police and customs officers that
this weary couple really ought to receive VIP
treatment. I also remember Els accompanying
a terrified Polish national – Paulina Lewin, to
the Embassy in 1976 for a visa – to make sure
no-one ‘snatched’ her off the face of the earth:
such events were not unheard of under
communism in those days. Then there was the
occasion of the official opening of the New
Conference Building in November 1993
attended by many VIPs. Knowing that the
visitors would want to see the Persian Rose
garden in all its glory, Els, in true Van Loon
fashion, taped silk imitation roses to all the
bushes. She was tickled pink that no-one
noticed what she had been up to, nor thought
it strange that NIAS’s roses were blooming in
the middle of November! We should not forget,
of course, that it was Els who organized the
establishment of the Persian Rose Garden in
the first place, in accordance with the strict
requirements of NIAS’s generous Swiss
benefactor Kenower W. Bash. This was not a
straightforward project: the special tiles
required for a Persian garden could only be
purchased from Israel. Not surprisingly, these
were later found unable to withstand Dutch
winters. Undaunted, but determined to protect
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the expensive tiles Els arranged that there
would be heating elements cemented into the
walls to ward off the winter frosts.
Els’s assistant Mariana van West de Veer, says
she was the nicest person she ever worked
with and her time at NIAS was unforgettable.
Els’s mantra was that nothing was too much,
too difficult, or impossible. Her dedication was
total, and it was a privilege to work with such
a person.
strengthen the power and influence of NIAS.
Els was enthusiastic, and so the NIAS Fellows
Association was born. Over the years, the NFA
has supported many innovations, but perhaps
its first big action was to award a sum of
money to a Fellow who had lost most of his
personal library in a fire. This looked like being
a good organization to support the Fellows
and Institute. The annual distribution of the
beautiful NIAS ‘presse papier’ was originally a
gift from the NFA (what would the original
strict government official have said to such
extravagance?) but was later transferred to the
wealthier Golestan Foundation.
Els brought style to everything. She was
endowed with many talents and, with her
excellent taste in colour and form she could
make an old garden shed or a plastic bag look
elegant. She had a talent for writing, especially
poetry; no-one will forget the long St. Nicholas
poems she wrote for the Fellows. Thea
Lammers recalls a NIAS dinner at which
someone in a speech had complimented Els
with an apt proverb in Latin, and Els stood up
to give a succinct and brilliant reply in that
language.
Henk Becker was a Fellow the year after Cor
Lammers (1973/74). The Institute was still at
its pioneering stage, they were still exploring
procedures, equipment, resources, he says.
Amidst this turmoil, Els was a marvelous host,
both at the Institute and at her beloved
farmhouse in Oegstgeest. I don’t know what
Els would have said to this, but Henk believes
she ran the congregation of Fellows almost like
a classical French salon, and she coped
majestically with all the practical problems
NIAS had to overcome. He recalls that on one
occasion she was absolutely furious because
an official at a government department had
vetoed the acquisition of some lampshades
she had chosen for the foreign Fellows and
their families. Poor Els. Style has its price. Henk
Becker reacted to her consternation and fury
by suggesting the formation of an association
of present and former Fellows that might
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You only had to spend a few minutes in Els’s
presence to feel that here was a really strong
and exceptional human being. She had great
strength of character and great strength of
purpose as can be seen from her will and
determination to persuade the Ministry (whose
coffers really were empty) to purchase the
Ooievaarsnest. After many visits and much
pleading she succeeded in securing for the
Institute what is now the restaurant – a
necessary success since the local council had
refused permission for the continued use of
the temporary wooden pavilion that served as
a restaurant. So how do you furnish a large
house with no money? NIAS was to receive no
money to furnish its new building. This did not
deter the energetic deputy, she simply drove
round the streets on the eve of refuse
collection picking up any items that seemed
suitable. It was amazing how well you could
furnish a place by this method; and she didn’t
even limit these activities to the Wassenaar
area, I have seen her return from Brabant
towing the NIAS trailer piled high with cast-off
settees, chairs and tables.
Was Els eccentric? No, I do not think so, but she
was certainly an interesting individual who
oozed inspiration. Even her own children
cannot put into words what was so special
about her. A saint she was not. They say that
humans rush in where angels fear to tread. Els
simply couldn’t resist rushing in – that is how
she got things done. She was a born leader, a
great motivator – not averse to treading on
peoples’ toes – a person who really could
inspire others to excel themselves way beyond
their own expectations. She could also be so
very exasperating indeed.
It is true to say that no relationship of any kind,
even that between Institute and individual, can
survive without the fizz of passion. Els loved
her job passionately, she loved the Institute,
she loved the Fellows, and believed strongly in
service. Some might consider such an outlook
‘overdreven’ (exaggerated). Let us not forget
though, that we are speaking of the 1970s,
times of great passion. Cool and laid back were
not yet fashionable concepts. There were
plenty of Fellows who felt the same way about
things then. Some of them cared so strongly
that they will never return because they cannot
bear the thought of others appropriating their
rooms. Els could understand such sentiment,
although she herself continued to give service
to the Institute through the
Foundation long after she retired.
Golestan
She was certainly one of the most courageous
women I have ever met, not only because of
the way she fought Parkinsons, but the way
she faced down so many tough times. She held
the very demanding NIAS job for many years
while single-handedly raising a young family of
four children, a close-knit family that was
proved to be of great strength to her. Els was a
student during the last World War and acted as
a courier for the Dutch Resistance. Just think, if
she hadn’t been courageous enough in the
1944s to jump off a moving train to escape her
Nazi captors, we might never have known her
at all. Els van Loon was a vibrant person.
Painfully shy, she never pushed herself
forward, and yet she was the first person you
would notice in a crowded room. It was a
standing joke in the Institute that even if you
couldn’t see or hear her you somehow knew
whether she was in the building or not.
Els van Loon certainly left a legacy. In addition
to her children and grandchildren, she left the
legacy of the spirit of NIAS. In a way she has
not left at all, she is where we go when we die,
in the hearts and minds of those who knew us.
NIAS and Morocco 2005
By Herman Obdeijn
Herman Obdeijn recently retired from Leiden University where he taught history
of migration and history of North Africa. In 2002/03, he spent a year at NIAS
working closely together with his colleague Abdelmajid Kaddouri, Professor of
History at Université Mohammed V, Rabat. The following article tells us something
about one of the results of their scholarly collaboration: Morocco 2005.
The 16th of December this year sees the
opening of a special exhibition Morocco:
melting pot of cultures in De Nieuwe Kerk in
Amsterdam covering 6000 years of Moroccan
culture. This beautiful church will be
transformed into a Moroccan medina, where
while walking its ‘streets’, one can take a peek
into Morocco’s rich past and present. There is
plenty to see – with more than 300 objects on
display – , music to listen to, and a wide variety
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of delicacies from the Moroccan cuisine to
smell and taste. The opening of this exhibition
also heralds the official start of a year of
celebrations in both the Netherlands and
Morocco, marking 400 years of MoroccanDutch relations. It was in 1605 that the first
envoy was sent to Marrakech on behalf of the
young Dutch Republic to form an alliance with
the Sultan of Morocco. Commemorating this
date is an excellent starting point to explore
what the two countries currently think about
each other and how relations can be improved.
The 300.000 Dutch citizens of Moroccan origin
can and must be closely involved in this
process. This is especially pertinent with the
growing threat of increasing polarization
between
immigrants
with
a
Muslim
background and the native Dutch inhabitants.
A year of communal activity, involvement and
understanding could prove to be a key way
forward.
Only a few people are aware of the fact that the
first plans for this Morocco year 2005 were
actually made at NIAS. During the year
2002/03, Abdelmajid Kaddouri and I were
given the opportunity not only to work on our
own scholarly projects but also to make
concrete plans for the celebration of 400 years
of diplomatic relations between our two
countries.
The Dutch Ambassador from Liederkerken making his
entry into Marrakech in 1640
The first beginnings of this Moroccan ‘thinktank’ go back to the year 1982, the year I left
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for Rabat in Morocco to work at the Dutch
Embassy as attaché for educational affairs. I
soon met an enthusiastic Moroccan historian at
the University there, Abdelmajid Kaddouri.
This was not only the beginning of a long and
close friendship, but also the start of a fruitful
scholarly collaboration. Together, in the years
thereafter, we organized four academic
conferences
with
scholars
from
the
Netherlands and Morocco. These meetings
helped to foster useful and lifelong contacts
between scholars from both countries and
various disciplines. Kaddouri became well
acquainted with the Netherlands after
spending two sabbaticals here – one of three
months in 1984 and one of a year in 1987. I
myself remained in close contact with Morocco
after I returned to the Netherlands where I
lectured on the history of migration and the
history of North Africa at Leiden University.
Exchanges between Morocco and the
Netherlands continued through research
grants for young Moroccan historians who
were given the opportunity to do research in
the National Archives in The Hague. Our long
cherished desire to spend more time together
to work on a mutual project was fulfilled when
our applications were accepted at NIAS.
Naturally, most of our time there was spent on
our own individual projects. I was writing a
book about the Dutch travellers who visited
Morocco over the past 400 years: “Marokko
door Nederlandse ogen” (Marocco through
Duth eyes). My colleague Kaddouri was
working on the most recent historiography of
Morocco. The close proximity of our offices
(right next door to each other) ensured crossfertilization: we had lengthy discussions and
exchanged thoughts and opinions on various
research topics almost daily. But there was
more. The precedent of having a Moroccan
researcher at NIAS had an effect on the whole
group. It was amazing how many people were
willing and able to communicate in French, and
so, next to the lingua franca English, French
was frequently heard at lunch. The general
interest in Morocco was high and culminated in
the culinary highpoint with a Midwinter Dinner
Moroccan style. The restaurant was filled with
Moroccan attributes and several ladies dressed
in traditional djellabas. A Moroccan cook took
possession of the kitchen and, under the
The Moroccan Ambassador with his servants and interpreter on a visit to The Hague in 1654
astonished gaze of Ruud Nolte, produced a
culinary wonder.
NIAS became, in a sense, the nerve centre for
the preparations of the Morocco year planned
for 2005. A foundation, chaired by NIAS’s
former Rector and now Honorary Fellow, Henk
Wesseling, of which Kaddourri and I were also
members, was responsible for putting the
various activities on the rails. I must admit that
initially our scholarly work did suffer
somewhat from all the interruptions as the
phone rang continually with enthusiastic
callers contributing exciting ideas for the
Morocco year. The number of initiatives grew
at such a rate that we were forced to set up a
project bureau to free us from the
organizational tasks involved. But, the
foundations for the “Morocco year 2005”
were laid and the various manifestations
that will start in both countries in 2005
(see www.marokko400.nl) are down to the
inspiring discussions we had at NIAS in
2002/03.
However, in the midst of all these preparations
we didn’t lose sight of our scholarly
aspirations. One of our dreams was to
organize a large-scale Dutch-Moroccan
conference on a theme of fundamental
importance to both countries. It didn’t take us
long to find an appropriate theme: “water”.
Water has played such a central role in the
histories, experiences, arts and sciences of
both countries. Both have battled with water,
the Netherlands against water and Morocco for
water, the one has too much of it and the other
too little. We decided to set up a programme
on this theme for a conference to be held in
2005. Marrakech, situated at the foot of the
Atlas Mountains, with its palm-tree gardens
and its ingenious irrigation systems was to be
the location for this conference. In May 2003,
NIAS offered it hospitality to a group of
Moroccan and Dutch scholars from various
disciplines to discuss the themes and
organization of this conference. We decided to
name the conference “Entre Nouria et Moulin”
as the water wheel and mill were seen as
symbolic for the various ways both countries
dealt with water. In the mean time, the
preparations for the conference are well
underway and planned for November 2005.
In the long term, the Morocco connection of
2003 at NIAS will continue to exert its
influence. Before Kaddouri came to NIAS he
had already built up a large network in the
Netherlands. The contacts he established at
NIAS with scholars from all over the world only
9
helped to broaden this horizon even further.
He himself says that the spirit of discussion
and dialogue he encountered at the Institute
has been an important source of inspiration for
him in setting up a new kind of teaching in
Morocco, with less emphasis on the
reproduction of knowledge and more on one’s
own research. His recent appointment to Dean
of the Faculty of Arts at the University of
Casablanca offers him a unique opportunity to
put these ideas into practice.
You may ask, what happened to all those good
intentions you had at the beginning of your
NIAS year? Do not worry we kept our promises.
In January 2005, during the opening of the
Morocco year in the Netherlands, the book I
wrote at NIAS, entitled “Marokko door
Nederlandse ogen Verslag van een reis door
de tijd”, will be presented. The book describes
the history of Dutch-Moroccan relations as
seen through the eyes of Dutch travellers
ranging from diplomats, merchants, admirals,
slaves, artists to adventurers. A well-known
Dutch author of Moroccan descent, Abdelkader
Benali, contributes to the book with a number
of literary portraits of people who have played
an important part in these relations.
During our year at NIAS Kaddouri and I worked
on a guide to all the Moroccan documents that
can be found in the Dutch National Archives.
The Guide will be published sometime in 2005.
Kaddouri hopes, in spite of the many
obligations he has as Dean of the Arts Faculty,
to finish his comparative study of
contemporary Moroccan and European
historiography.
We are most grateful to NIAS for providing us
with the opportunity to stimulate MoroccanDutch cooperation not only with respect to
scholarly projects but also in the fields of
social and cultural collaboration.
The Wealth of Nature?
By Peter Boomgaard
Peter Boomgaard (Fellow 1999/2000 and 2003/04) is Senior Researcher at The
Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies (KITLV)
and Professor of Environmental and Economic History of Southeast Asia at the
University of Amsterdam. During his second tenure at NIAS he co-ordinated a
group of environmental historians working on Southeast Asia (Nucleus:
Environmental History of Southeast Asia, 1500-2000). The following tells
something about the work they did at NIAS.
Resources, are they a blessing or a curse? The
gut reaction of most people probably would be
to assume that, of course, resource-rich
countries must be better off than those who
are poor in resources. What can go wrong if
you possess the abundant gifts of nature such
as fertile soil, rich mineral deposits and forests
full of tall hardwood trees? And yet, it is on the
most fertile lands of Asia that people often live
in abject poverty. Likewise, the rich teak
forests of India, Burma and Java may support a
10
few locals but most people were pushed out as
trees were cut down for house and
shipbuilding as well as for export. Similarly,
countries rich in oil have rich rulers but their
subjects often remain poor, although there are
certainly some that have managed to raise the
standard of living of their subjects by wisely
investing the proceeds of their oil exports.
This is one of the themes that the five
members of the Environmental History of
Southeast Asia nucleus at NIAS looked at and
around which they organized a workshop
entitled The Wealth of Nature; How Natural
Resources Have Shaped Asian History, 16002000. The five team members were Robert
Aiken (Canada; Malaysia specialist), Greg
Bankoff (New Zealand; Philippines), Peter
Boomgaard (the Netherlands; Indonesia), John
Kleinen (the Netherlands; Vietnam), and Baas
Terwiel (Germany; Thailand).
The results of the workshop will be published
in a collective volume to be edited by Greg
Bankoff and Peter Boomgaard, who will write
an introduction in which they address
questions regarding the nature of resources,
emphasizing the fact that what constitutes a
resource, is specific as to time and place. It will
cover ‘resources and nature’, ‘management of
resources’, ‘resources and the state’, and
‘resources and the economy’, before finally
presenting a balanced discussion on the
subject: ‘resources-are they a curse or a
blessing?’
A Little Ice Age?
fluctuations with historical records and a new
specialization was born – climate history.
European historians began to use climate
historical data in the debate, which started in
the 1950s and 60s, about why seventeenthcentury Europe seemed to suffer a series of
demographic, social, economic, and political
crises. It had been difficult to detect a common
underlying cause for these crises, so the
findings
of
climate
historians
were
enthusiastically embraced as, at last, there
seemed to be an explanation.
This explanation was the so-called ‘Little Ice
Age’. Meteorologists and historians collected
and analysed data that suggested there must
have been an average downward trend in
temperature between 1250 or 1300 and the
seventeenth century, followed by an upward
trend that has continued until the present. The
seventeenth century was regarded as the nadir
of the Little Ice Age, the coldest and wettest
period (cold winters and wet summers) on
record, a phenomenon seen in many Flemish
and Dutch paintings of the period with
landscapes in the snow and people skating on
frozen rivers.
The second theme that members of the
nucleus worked on is climate history.
Nowadays, most people know something
about global warming, which most scientists
regard as being caused by anthropogenic
factors (mainly the so-called greenhouse
gases). However, there is cumulating evidence
that there have always been long and short
cycles of climate change. One of the most
pressing issues in present-day meteorology is
to what extent current global warming is a
natural process that would have occurred
anyway even if industrial societies had not
filled the air with carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide
and methane.
The notion of climate change became a topic
of serious research among historians after
Emanuel Le Roy Ladurie published his Histoire
du climat depuis l’an mil, in 1967 (English
edition published in 1971 as Times of Feast,
Times of Famine: A History of Climate Since the
Year 1000). Around the same time,
meteorologists such as Hubert Lamb started to
connect observations regarding climate
Nucleus Environmental History of Southeast Asia,
1500-2000 (from left to right: Barend Terwiel, John Kleinen,
Robert Aiken, Gregory Bankoff and Peter Boomgaard)
Around 1990 the notion of a Little Ice Age
period was transposed to Asia but with limited
11
success. In a special issue of the journal
Modern Asian Studies, dealing with South Asia
(mainly India), Southeast Asia, and East Asia
(China, Japan, Korea), only Anthony Reid
defended the notion of a seventeenth-century
crisis in Asia linked to the Little Ice Age
phenomenon. Most other authors did not
consider that there was an age of crisis in
seventeenth century-Asia at all, while some
argued that there were only a few crisis years
in the 1630 and 40s. Thus the question
remained: was there a period of crisis in the
seventeenth century in Southeast Asia that
could be linked to the Little Ice Age?
occurred in Indonesia, the Philippines and
several other areas in the region.
Perhaps we should first try to answer the
question whether it is theoretically meaningful
to apply the notion of a Little Ice Age to the
Southeast Asian region (apart from the fact the
term must sound silly when applied to a
tropical region). To begin with, the idea of a
Little Ice Age as a global phenomenon is no
longer accepted and secondly there is another
theory that seems much more appropriate to
Southeast Asia – the El Niño-Southern
Oscillation (ENSO effect). El Niño is a weather
anomaly that occurs about every 3 to 4 years
in the Pacific. It was called El Niño (the Christ
child) to signify the arrival of warm coastal
waters to Peru around Christmas once every so
many years. At the same time, droughts
In Southeast Asia, the El Niño related events
were probably more important, together with
another factor that is now thought to have
partly caused or at least influenced climate
fluctuations – and that is volcanic eruptions
(e.g. Tambora in 1815 and Krakatoa in 1883).
It can be concluded that the El Niño and
volcanic eruptions more than anything else
have largely determined the weather
anomalies in Southeast Asia.
Currently, The Little Ice Age is regarded as a
local phenomenon only of importance in the
Northern Hemisphere. However, the hotter and
cooler
periods
do
not
synchronize
chronologically implying that the seventeenth
century was not the nadir in all locations at the
same time. What data about crises we have of
the Southern Hemisphere are usually out of
phase with the timing of Little Ice Age,
although it does seem likely that there is some
sort of cyclic climate change in Asia as well.
These were two important topics dealt with by
a group of environmental historians working
on Southeast Asia during the academic year
2003/04 at NIAS.
Meeting of minds: Willem Breedveld, Albena Hranova and Fen-Dow Chu at NIAS
12
Minutes of the NFA General Meeting
4 June 2004
1. Opening
Mayke de Jong, Chair of NFA, opens the
meeting and welcomes all those present.
2. Minutes of the NFA General Meeting 13 June
2003
The Minutes are approved.
Currently, we are in the process of selecting
the Fellows for the year 2005/06. Happily, we
received nine times as many applications from
abroad as the number of places we have
available. Our Institute’s appeal thus seems
widely reaffirmed, even if, admittedly, some
disciplines and some countries are hugely
over-represented. We hope to correct this bias
in the future by encouraging thematic groups
and special fellowships in new fields.
3. Report on the Golestan Foundation
Galen Irwin, Treasurer of the Golestan
Foundation, reports along the same lines as
last year, though some improvements on the
stock market allow him to be more optimistic.
• It was a quiet year for the Golestan
Foundation: there was no Golestan Fellow
and no special initiatives were taken by the
Golestan Foundation;
• The results concerning the property of the
Foundation are satisfactory: the low
expenditures of the Foundation, combined
with a small rise in the value of stocks and
reinvestment of the interest earned on
bonds, the total assets of the Foundation
rose by € 34,214 (= 3.6%).
• The Persian Rose Garden is in the pink of
health. The audience is summoned to take
a look.
4. Financial Report. Report from the Auditing
Committee
Leo Lucassen reports that the accounts have
been checked and the books were found to be
in perfect order and kept with great accuracy
standing has been checked and the books
were found to be in perfect order and kept
with great accuracy. The Chair thanks Rita Buis
for doing such a good job. The Committee
(Jacques Arends and Leo Lucassen) is
disbanded after completing its work.
5. This year at NIAS. Report by the Rector
The Rector, Wim Blockmans, reported as
follows:
In this respect, we are pleased to announce
that earlier this week an agreement was signed
between the National Library (Koninklijke
Bibliotheek) and NIAS to create the new, socalled, KB-fellowship. The purpose of this new
fellowship is to encourage renowned
international scholars to spend up to five
months working in the unique and rich
collections of the National Library in The
Hague while, simultaneously, enjoying the
high-quality community life at NIAS. The first
two holders of this special fellowship will be
the famous British historian Peter Burke, who
will join us next year and the eminent
American specialist on the history of books,
Robert Darnton who will come to NIAS in 2006.
A second new development concerns the
creation, last April, of a Network of European
Institutes for Advanced Study, called NetIAS.
The representatives of nine similar institutes in
as many countries met here at NIAS and
discussed with a representative of the EU
Commission the possibility of a joint action to
promote European Research in the Humanities
and Social Sciences. We intend to act as a
platform vis-à-vis the Commission, offering
our advice, experience and networks to form
the basis of a research infrastructure in Europe.
This year was marked by the presence of two
thematic groups. The first, led by Professor
Willem Saris, studied the methodology of
survey research. Various features strike an
outsider about this theme group. To begin
with, their subject is so obviously relevant to
our modern societies. Secondly, members were
13
recruited from a variety of disciplines,
including the methodology of sociology,
political science, and psychology, as well as
linguistics. Furthermore, these members
included a number of junior scholars. We will
have to assess the results thoroughly in order
to see if the inclusion of post-docs is to be
recommended in thematic groups in future.
Professor Peter Boomgaard led our other
thematic group which worked on climatic
changes in Southeast Asia over the last five
centuries. They made us aware of the continual
tensions between nature and culture in these
parts of the world.
January left a vacuum even though their many
disciples are striving to maintain their
standards. A final word of gratitude is due to
the Fellows Committee, led by the very
inspired and thrifty Pieter Kroonenberg.”
6. Composition of the NFA Board
According to the rules of resignation NFA Chair
Mayke de Jong is due to resign in 2004. The
Board proposes Rudy Andeweg (NIAS Fellow
2002/03) as the new Chair. As there are no
other candidates, his election is accepted by
acclaim.
7. Appointment of a new Auditing Committee
In addition, we enjoyed the excellent lecture at
the Free University Amsterdam by our Jelle
Zijlstra Fellow Paul De Grauwe, who brilliantly
defended his thesis that the rigidity of the EU
budgetary norms is not supported by any solid
economic arguments. Piotr Sztompka delivered
an impressive Ortelius Lecture at Antwerp
University, in which he drew attention to the
particular difficulties the new EU member
states are experiencing because of the rapid
transition they have had to make in adjusting
from a ‘homo sovieticus’ life-style to the often
exaggerated expectations in the capitalistic
economy.
Jaklien Gillis (former Staff Member) and Pieter
Kroonenberg (NIAS Fellow 2003/04) are
appointed to form the new Auditing
Committee.
8. Other business
Rudy Andeweg thanks Mayke de Jong for her
exemplary chairmanship over the last six years
and expresses his gratitude on behalf of all
NFA Members by giving her a huge bouquet of
flowers.
9. Closing
Volleyball has been cruelly neglected this year
whereas table tennis and, especially, drinking,
seem to have flourished. The bar has never
been kept open for such long hours and made
such huge profits as under the tenacious
leadership of the dynamic duo Christine Kooy
and Robert Aiken. Their departure at the end of
Thanking everyone present for their interest,
Mayke de Jong closes the General Meeting at
15.30 hours.
Els Kloek
Secretary
On 13 January 2005, the third Jelle Zijlstra Lecture will be held. The lecture, Germany’s
Stalling Economic Engine: How to get it running again will be delivered by the third
NIAS Jelle Zijlstra Fellow, Professor Horst Siebert from the Institut für Weltwirtschaft,
Kiel. The lecture will take place at 16.00 hours in the Auditorium of the Free University,
De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam.
14
Research Group 2004/05
Andrés Santos, F.J.
Bank, J.Th.M.
Benbassa, E.
Universidad de Valladolid
Leiden University
École Pratique des Hautes Études,
Sorbonne, Paris
Blom, H.W.
Erasmus University Rotterdam
Borschberg, P.
National University of Singapore
Burke, P.
University of Cambridge
Daskalov, R.D.
Central European University,
Budapest
Emmelkamp, P.M.G. University of Amsterdam
Gavrilov, A.K.
Bibliotheca Classica Petropolitana
Gevers, G.J.E.E.
Catholic University of Leuven
Golec, A.M.
Institute of Psychology, Warsaw
Göttler, C.E.
Gurova, M.R.
Heiser, W.J.
Heijden, A.F.Th.
van der
Heynders, O.M.
Howard, M.C.
Ittersum, M.J. van
Jorna, R.J.J.M.
Kaminski, I.C.
Katkova, I.R.
Kleingeld, P.
Klekot, E.A.
Laugrand, F.
Lutz, H.
Machado, N.
MacHardy, K.J.
Malinowski, J.
McAllister, J.W.
Natov, N.S.
Nellen, H.J.M.
Nützenadel, A.
Oosten, J.G.
Oostrom, F.P. van
Poortinga, Y.H.
Reinhard, W.K.W.
Siebert, H.
Serkowska, H.M.
Slabáková, R.
Smith, P.J.S.
Spufford, H.M.
Spufford, P.
Suleiman, E.N.
University of Washington, Seattle
Institute of Archaeology, Sofia
Leiden University
writer, Amsterdam
Tilburg University
University of Waterloo
University of Dundee
University of Groningen
Institute of Legal Studies, Warsaw
Institute of Oriental Studies,
St. Petersburg
Washington University in St. Louis
Institute of Ethnology and Cultural
Anthropology, Warsaw
Université Laval
Universität Münster
Göteborg University
Institute of Philosophy and
Sociology, Warsaw
Leiden University
Sofia University
Constantijn Huygens Institute,
The Hague
Universität zu Köln
Leiden University
Utrecht University
Tilburg University
European University Institute,
Florence
Institut für Weltwirtschaft, Kiel
University of Warsaw Italian
Palacký University, Olomouc
Leiden University
Roehampton Institute, London
University of Cambridge
Princeton University
Legal History
Modern History
Modern Jewish History
Fellow (B)
VNC Fellow
Fellow
Political Philosophy
History
Cultural History
Modern History
Fellow
Fellow (B)
KB Fellow (B)
Visiting Grant Scholar (W)
Clinical Psychology
Classics
Church History
Political and Social
Psychology
Early Modern European Art
Archaeology
Psychology
Fiction
Fellow
Guest of the Rector (W)
VNC Fellow
Visiting Grant Scholar (F)
Fellow
Mellon Fellow (B)
Fellow
Writer-in-Residence (B)
Comparative Literature
Economic Theory
Intellectual History
Management Science
European Law Mellon
Sufi Literature
Fellow
Fellow
Fellow (B)
Fellow
Fellow (A)
History of Philosophy
Social Anthropology
Fellow
Visiting Grant Scholar (S)
Anthropology of Religion
Comparative Education
Health Care Sociology
Early Modern History
Philosophical Logic
Fellow
Fellow
Fellow
Fellow
Fellow
Philosophy of Science
Private International Law
Fellow (B)
Visiting Grant Scholar (W)
Fellow
History of Globalisation
Cultural Anthropology
Medieval Literature
Cross-Cultural Psychology
Modern History
Fellow (B)
Fellow
Fellow
Fellow (A)
Guest of the Rector (F)
Economics
Literature
Modern History
French Literature
Economic History
Comparative Politics
Jelle Zijlstra Fellow (A)
Visiting Grant Scholar (S)
Fellow
Guest of the Rector (S)
Guest of the Rector (S)
Fellow (A)
15
Takács, K.
Budapest University of Economic
Sciences and Public Administration
Topol, J.
writer, Prague
Vanhaute, E.A.K.M. Ghent University
Versluys, K.
Ghent University
Waldis, B.M.
Université de Neuchâtel
Waszink, J.H.
Radboud University of Nijmegen
Wesseling, H.L.
Winkel, L.C.
Erasmus University Rotterdam
Wright, G.
University of Wisconsin-Superior
(A)
(B)
(F)
(W)
(S)
Sociology
Magyar Fellow (A)
Fiction
Economic and Social History
American Literature
Ethnology
Classics/Neo-Latin
Contemporary History
Legal History
Writer-in-Residence (A)
Fellow
Fellow
Visitor
Fellow
Honorary Fellow
Fellow (B)
Fellow
: denotes 1st semester (1 September 2004 - 31 January 2005) only;
: denotes 2nd semester (1 February 2005 - 30 June 2005) only;
: denotes Fall 2004;
: denotes Winter 2005;
: denotes Spring 2005.
Nucleus: De Iure Praedae and the Grotian Concept of Rights
F.J. Andrés Santos, H.W. Blom, P. Borschberg, M.J. van Ittersum, H.J.M. Nellen, J.H. Waszink,
L.C. Winkel, G. Wright
The aim of the NIAS theme Group 2004/05 is
to prepare a scholarly edition of De Iure
Praedae written by the Dutch Humanist Hugo
Grotius (1583-1645). Our multi-disciplinary
group of scholars will focus on this
manuscript, dating from 1604, along with
Grotius’ other early writings. In addition, we
will study his concept of rights.
De Iure Praedae [DIP] raises fundamental
questions
about
Grotius’
intellectual
development. The manuscript – in Grotius’ own
hand – originated on the occasion of a dispute
about the ownership of a booty taken from the
Portuguese. It was subsequently withheld from
publication, but nevertheless heavily emended
and revised, possibly to serve as preparation
for De Iure Belli ac Pacis [DIBP]. A careful study
of the manuscript will allow us to distinguish
the first version from later additions, as well as
date these. Grotius’ youthful writings provide
an excellent context to discuss his intellectual
development: the early writings are underresearched; they represent the formative phase
of Grotius’ broad scholarship; and we see the
16
humanist as much as the jurist at work.
International research in the history of natural
jurisprudence has made Grotius a ‘core
witness’ to our understanding of the origins of
modern notions such as liberalism, globalism
and human rights. Further study of DIP in this
context will determine Grotius’ early views on
natural right and man’s sociability, and help
resolve the debate among historians on
Grotius’ intellectual development and his place
in history. Our web-based edition of DIP will
allow the international scholarly community at
large to take part in this endeavour.
A comparison between DIP and the later (1625)
De Iure Belli ac Pacis will be part of the project,
documenting the sources of both texts. This
aspect of our research will also be part of the
“Commentary on DIP”.
H.W. Blom
L.C. Winkel
coordinators
Francisco Andrés Santos, born
in Miranda de Ebro, Spain, in
1966. L.L.D. from Universidad
de Valladolid. Associate
Professor at the Faculty of
Law, Universidad de Valladolid.
Jan Bank, born in Amsterdam,
the Netherlands, in 1940.
Ph.D. from the University of
Amsterdam. Professor of
Dutch History at Leiden
University.
Esther Benbassa, born in
Istanbul, Turkey, in 1950.
Paris VIII and Doctorat d’État
ès Lettres et Sciences
humaines from the University
of Paris III – Sorbonne
nouvelle. Professor of Modern
Jewish History at École
Pratique des Hautes Études,
Sorbonne and Director of the
F.J. Andrés Santos
Fellow (1 February 2005 - 30 June 2005)
Legal History
CLASSICAL AND SCHOLASTIC SOURCES OF DE IURE PRAEDAE
My plan is to study one of Grotius’ early works, De Iure
Praedae. My focus will be on its legal structure and the legal
arguments in Chapters 2 and 10 that justified the Dutch war
against Spain. I am particularly interested in the ideas and
arguments that stem from Roman legal sources and,
especially, those used by Spanish jurists and theologians
under influence of neo-scholasticism. This will be a work of
deconstruction, offering a plethora of references to classical
antiquity and models of legal reasoning that have contributed
to Spanish theological-moral thought. Additionally, I intend to
prepare a complete translation of the De Iure Praedae, as only
the first two chapters have been translated into Spanish, which
has meant that Grotius’ work is virtually unknown in Spain. I
hope to rectify this.
J.Th.M. Bank
Modern History
VNC Fellow (1 September 2004 - 30 June 2005)
RELIGION DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR
Comparative research on the European religions was started in
2000 as part of the Research programme “The Impact of
Fascist and National Socialist Occupation” (INSFO) sponsored
by the European Science Foundation. As coordinators of a
research group dealing with the evolution of Churches and
religions in occupied Europe during and in the aftermath of the
Second World War, my VNC colleague, Lieve Gevers, and I want
to tackle a twofold task while at NIAS. First, we intend to write
a comparative synthesis on the five religions of occupied
Europe. In doing so we will make use of the material we have
collected with our team of researchers in successive
workshops between 2001 and 2004. Secondly, we would also
like to prepare a systematic comparative study on the
Churches in the Low Countries during the Second World War.
E. Benbassa
Modern Jewish History
Fellow (1 September 2004 - 30 June 2005)
THE HOLOCAUST AND ITS MEMORY IN THE LONG HISTORY OF JEWISH
SUFFERING AND THE JEWISH MEMORY OF SUFFERING
The work I will be preparing at NIAS aims to give the Holocaust
a place in the history of Jewish suffering and of the memory of
suffering. I will sketch the paradigms governing responses to
the violence endured and link these to Jewish tradition, history
and memory. I will try to show why and how one particular
17
Alberto Benveniste Center for
Sephardic Studies and Culture,
Paris.
Jewish memory of suffering: the memory of the Holocaust, has
not only obscured all that is positive about the history of the
Jews, but has dominated other Jewish memories of suffering
and has led to one reading and one interpretation of the Jewish
past and present.
Hans Blom, born in Zandvoort,
P.h.D. from Utrecht University.
Associate Professor at the
Faculty of Social Sciences,
Erasmus University Rotterdam.
H.W. Blom
THE GROTIAN CONCEPT
POLITICS
OF
RIGHTS: RESISTANCE
AND THE
NEW
My research at NIAS will consist of two parts. First as a
member of the research theme group “De Iure Praedae and the
Grotian Concept of Rights”, I will be involved in the editing of
De Iure Praedae (1604), also with a view to its Web-based
development. Secondly, I will write a book in which I look at
the radical nature of Grotius’ thinking and its influence on
Dutch political thought in the seventeenth century. The latter
project aims to show how Grotius’ political thought was a
means to resolve the tension within Machiavellian and
Aristotelian theories in the late sixteenth century with regard
to state vs. political realism; the nature of society vs. man’s
social nature etc. In his Theory of Justice and Sociability,
Grotius responds to these issues. My interpretation will be
tested on the writings of seventeenth-century Dutch Grotians,
from Cunaeus to Van der Muelen. I hope to solve some of the
paradoxes that characterised earlier research, in particular the
contraposition of tradition and modernity in Grotius and the
lack of continuity between De Iure Praedae and De Iure Belli ac
Pacis.
Peter Borschberg, born in San
Diego, U.S.A., in 1963. Ph.D.
from the University of
Cambridge. Associate
Professor at the History
Department, National
University of Singapore.
18
P. Borschberg
History
GROTIUS’ EARLY POLITICAL THOUGHT
My time at NIAS will be spent researching aspects of the early
political thought of Hugo Grotius. This, in some respects,
marks a continuation of the research I have pursued over the
past 15 years on this famous jurisconsult. Apart from working
on selected early manuscripts, I also hope to tie in insights
from previous published and unpublished research, as well as
revisit a number of key themes. These are, notably, Grotius’
ideas on the divisibility of sovereignty, aspects of political
resistance as well as the free access to overseas emporia (of
which the freedom of navigation is only one specific aspect).
The objective is to write a book that will serve to help better
understand the radical nature of Grotius’ political thought
before his incarceration in 1618.
Peter Burke, born in London,
UK, 1937. Ph.D. from Oxford
University. Professor Emeritus
of Cultural History at the
University of Cambridge and
Fellow of Emmanuel College,
University of Cambridge.
P. Burke
KB Fellow (1 February 2005 - 30 June 2005)
Cultural History
Roumen Daskalov, born in
Stara Zagora, Bulgaria, in
1958. Ph.D. from Sofia
University. Associate Professor
at the History Department,
Central European University,
Budapest.
R.D. Daskalov
Modern History
Visiting Grant Scholar (1 October 2004 - 31 December 2004)
GILBERTO FREYRE (1900-87): AN INTELLECTUAL PORTRAIT
During my time at NIAS I shall work with my wife, the Brazilian
scholar María Lúcia García Pallares-Burke, on a study of the
Brazilian sociologist-historian Gilberto Freyre (1900-87), most
famous for his study Casa Grande e Senzala (1933), in which
he redefined the identity of Brazilians in terms of hybridity.
Our intention is to write not so much an intellectual biography
as an intellectual portrait, designed for an audience who are
neither Brazilians nor Brazilianists, discussing Freyre’s
intellectual achievement, his strengths and weaknesses,
placing that achievement in context and making comparisons
and contrasts between his work and that of sociologists and
historians in other countries (from France to Cuba) in his time
and later.
THE MOUNTAIN, THE ROAD, THE RIVER, THE SEA:
BALKANS
STUDIES IN THE
SYMBOLIC GEOGRAPHY OF THE
I am doing research on what has now been termed “symbolic
geography” (or “mental maps”) of the Balkans, i.e. the way in
which geographic sites and natural objects have been
imagined, interpreted, and infused with value. I am especially
interested in how several such topoi were elaborated during
the twentieth century: the Balkan range, the Danube, the Black
Sea and the Aegean, and the diagonal Roman road.
These sites feature in discourses of various types – scientific
(history, geography, ethnography) and pseudo-scientific
(national psychology), imaginative or fictional (essays, fiction,
poetry), speculative (religious and mystical). They form the
subject of various scholarly descriptions, causal explanations,
practical projects, poetic metaphors, evaluations, etc. While
rooted in natural realities (of landscape, terrain, flora, etc.)
such constructions add a symbolic dimension, mixing natural
and human (ethnic). One could even speak of ethnocosmologies, ethno-ontologies, ethno-philosophies, etc.
19
Paul Emmelkamp, born in
Baarn, the Netherlands, in
1949. Ph.D. from Utrecht
University. Professor of Clinical
Psychology at the University of
Amsterdam.
P.M.G. Emmelkamp
Clinical Psychology
FAILURES IN EVIDENCE-BASED PSYCHOTHERAPY
Research from my own research group and others has shown
that cognitive and behavioural treatment protocols are
effective in the treatment of anxiety disorders, mood
disorders, and substance-use disorders. Although research has
led to the development of more effective treatments for the
above-mentioned disorders, we have gained little insight into
who will profit from this treatment and who will not, since the
emphasis in these studies was on mean-group outcome rather
than individual differences.
During my stay at the NIAS I plan to study which variables
determine whether an evidence-based treatment will be
effective or not. For certain disorders, there is some
knowledge available about which factors facilitate or limit the
effect of a particular treatment. However, no one has
attempted to extend this knowledge across disorders and
theoretical models are lacking. More specifically, I will analyse
predictor variables of evidence-based treatments in obsessivecompulsive disorder, personality disorders, virtual reality
exposure with anxiety disorders, work related stress, posttraumatic stress, and drugs abuse.
Alexander Gavrilov, born in St.
Petersburg (then Leningrad),
Russia, in 1941. Ph.D. and
Habilitation from the Russian
Academy of Sciences, St.
Petersburg. Senior Researcher
at the Institute of History,
Russian Academy of Sciences,
St. Petersburg and Founding
Director of Bibliotheca Classica
Petropolitana, St. Petersburg.
20
A.K. Gavrilov
Classics
Guest of the Rector (1 January 2005 - 30 March 2005)
THE HISTORY OF EUROPEAN PHILOLOGY OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
Having recently met the obligation to edit a special issue of
Hyperboreus (10, 1-2) dedicated to the conference “Three
Centuries of Classical Scholars in St. Petersburg” (St.
Petersburg, August 2003), I plan to return to an older project
of mine that deals with the Russian period in the life of the
great classical scholar August (Karlovich) Nauck (1822-1892).
Nauk is especially known for his Tragicorum Graecorum
Fragmenta, and was, amongst other things, an absolute
connoisseur of Attic tragedy as well as a master of textual
criticism. What was it like for this rather reserved German
scholar to be in Russia during this turbulent period of history?
I hope to show that Nauck as an advisor to the younger
generation of Russian philologists and as a link between
Russian and West-European scholarship greatly influenced the
academic scene in St. Petersburg. While I am in the
Netherlands I will also take this opportunity to trace some of
Nauk’s correspondence with great Dutch philologists, such as
G. Cobet from Leiden and H. van Herwerden from Utrecht.
Lieve Gevers, born in
Turnhout, Belgium, in 1947.
Ph.D. from the Catholic
University of Leuven. Professor
of Church History at the
Catholic University of Leuven.
L.J.E.E. Gevers
Church History
VNC Fellow (1 September 2004 - 30 June 2005)
CHURCHES AND RELIGION IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR.
DEVELOPMENTS IN OCCUPIED EUROPE WITH SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THE
LOW COUNTRIES
During my stay at NIAS I intend to write together with Jan Bank
a comparative history on Churches and religion in the
occupied countries in Europe during the Second World War and
its aftermath (1939-1950). Our study will include the Christian
Churches (Catholicism, Protestantism, Orthodoxy) as well as
the Jewish and Islamic communities. Attention will be paid
mainly to national and local developments in the diverse
countries of Western, Northern, Central and Eastern Europe
subjected to Nazi or Fascist occupation. In the context of such
a general comparative approach special attention will be paid
to the evolution in the Low Countries (Belgium and the
Netherlands). The European perspective will enhance a study
on the differences and similarities regarding the evolution of
the Churches in both countries.
The project is a part of a larger research programme “The
Impact of Fascist and National Socialist Occupation (INSFO)” in
Europe (2000-2004). This programme is sponsored by the
European Science Foundation (ESF) in Strasbourg.
Agnieszka Golec, born in
Crakow, Poland, in 1970.
Ph.D. from the Institute of
Psychology, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Warsaw. Assistant
Professor at the Warsaw
School of Social Psychology
and at the Institute of
Psychology, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Warsaw.
A.M. Golec
Political and Social Psychology
Visiting Grant Scholar (1 September 2004 - 30 November
2004)
NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM: ORIGINS AND CONSEQUENCES FOR
INTER-GROUP ATTITUDES
While at NIAS, I plan to elaborate a developmental model for
the underpinning of two major types of national attachment –
patriotism and nationalism – and explore their consequences
for inter-group attitudes and behaviour. I plan to examine how
patriotism and nationalism relate to various “epistemic
motivations” (such as the need for cognitive closure) and to
aspects of cognitive and social development, especially the
capacity for perspective-taking and the differentiation between
self and the ‘others’. Moreover, I plan to analyse the effect of
patriotism and nationalism firstly on attitudes towards
national out-groups and secondly on the resolution of political
conflicts, both domestic and international. In order to pursue
these goals, I intend to analyse existing empirical data and
design new studies to test my theoretical model.
21
Christine Göttler, born in
Luzern, Switzerland, in 1952.
Zurich. Associate Professor at
the Department of Art History,
University of Washington,
Seattle.
C.E. Göttler
Early Modern European Art
AUSPICIOUS ENCOUNTERS: ARTISTS AND MERCHANTS IN EARLY
MODERN ANTWERP
During my stay at NIAS, I will work on a book tentatively
entitled “Auspicious Encounters: Artists and Merchants in Early
Modern Antwerp”. My study will investigate the relationship
between merchants, humanists and artists in sixteenth- and
early seventeenth-century Antwerp and the impact these
circles of friends had on artistic practice, art collecting and the
theory of art. In particular, I shall attempt to reconstruct the art
patronage of the Portuguese community – their religious
donations as well as their private collections. Portuguese
merchants were instrumental in the city’s economic rise and its
position as an international urban centre, even effecting the
direction of aesthetic taste. Their involvement in the Asian
trade, for instance, furthered a new interest in exotic natural
goods and art objects. Moreover, as conversos, suspected of
secretly nurturing the Jewish faith, they were coerced into a
lavish display of the Catholic belief.
By discussing the art patronage of the Portuguese merchants
within a broader context of social ambitions, cultural values
and styles, I hope to contribute to a more comprehensive picture of Antwerp’s visual and material culture and its shifting
functions and roles in the early modern period.
In addition to this larger project I shall continue my work on
visual and religious practices in Europe around 1600 (or: on
the relationship between art, science and religious practice in
Europe around 1600).
Maria Gurova, born in Sofia,
Bulgaria, in 1959. Ph.D. from
the Institute of Archaeology,
Russian Academy of Sciences,
St. Petersburg. Senior
Research Fellow at the
Prehistory Department,
Institute of Archaeology, Sofia.
22
M.R. Gurova
Mellon Fellow (1 February 2005 - 30 June 2005)
Archaeology
INCREASING OUR KNOWLEDGE OF PREHISTORIC FLINTS
I am interested in the various stages and parameters of the
spread of the ‘Neolithic impact’. Bulgaria is one of the first
zones of this Neolithic spread from the Near East to Europe;
the Netherlands is one of the last. Flint assemblages can reveal
much about the history and the specific network
characteristics of each prehistoric site, which allows the
construction of functional databases on intra-/inter-settlement
levels. My stay in Wassenaar offers me the opportunity to
consult with Dr. Anne Louise van Gijn (Leiden University), and
Dr. J. Roodenberg (Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije
Oosten, Leiden) with whom I have already done successful
field work on the Neolithic settlements at Ilipinar and Mentese
(NW Anatolia). During my fellowship, we hope to continue our
fruitful collaboration and reflect on many crucial aspects of the
Neolithization debate.
Willem Heiser, born in
Rotterdam, the Netherlands, in
1949. Ph.D. from Leiden
University. Professor of
Psychology, Statistical Methods
and Data Theory at Leiden
University.
W.J. Heiser
Adri van der Heijden, born in
Geldrop, the Netherlands,
in1951. Studied Psychology,
Philosophy and Philosophy of
Art at the University of
Nijmegen and the University of
Amsterdam. Full-time writer
and author of many popular
and prize-winning novels and
short stories.
A.F.Th. van der Heijden
Writer-in-Residence (1 February 2005 - 30 June 2005)
UNIFICATION
ANALYSIS
OF
SCALING
AND
Psychology
CLASSIFICATION METHODS
FOR
DATA
The aim of the research to be carried out at NIAS is the
unification of scaling and classification methods for data
analysis. I want to bring together several different approaches
to analysing psychological data by showing that they can all
be characterised in a consistent geometrical framework. One
project, in collaboration with Jacqueline Meulman, involves
procedures that are used for analysing multivariate qualitative
data through a joint graphical representation of individuals
and variables. A second project deals in a more general way
with procedures that are used to study relational data, that is,
measures defined in pairs (or triads) of individuals or
variables. My working hypothesis is that through a rigorous
use of the distance concept it is possible to integrate five
major areas of psychometrics: factor analysis, paired
comparison scaling, item response theory, multidimensional
scaling, and clustering.
Fiction
FRICTION: A FRACTION/BETWEEN FICTION AND FACTION
Under the rather cryptic slogan of “Friction: A Fraction/
Between Fiction and Faction” I aim to develop a new genre of
novel called ‘friction’. Faction is a blend of facts and fiction.
Friction is based on reality and facts but lets a ‘possibility left
unused’ by reality loose on the otherwise true story. The
‘friction’ genre literally brings friction into reality.
My aim is to apply the rules of ‘friction’ to the hippie murderer
Charles Mason and the film director whose wife was Mason’s
most famous victim. Everything is true except the one meeting
that reality ‘missed’, which brings ‘friction’ into the facts.
The first ‘friction’ novel is to be entitled De blauwe traan and
will be part of the novel cycle Homo duplex, which covers a
number of different genres.
Odile Heynders, born in Breda,
Ph.D. from Tilburg University.
O.M. Heynders
Comparative Literature
23
Assistant Professor at the
Department of Theory and
History of Literature, Tilburg
University.
(POST) MODERN POETRY
IN THE
LOW COUNTRIES:
STRATEGIES IN
READING, TEXT COMPOSITIONS, ETHICAL DIMENSIONS AND THE ABSENCE
OF WOMEN POETS
My research project will look at various developments in Dutch
and Flemish poetry from the early twentieth century leading
up to postmodern lyricism. It will focus on two aspects that
have so far been ignored by historians of Dutch literature.
• The political commitment of a number of postmodernist
Dutch and Belgian poets such as Robert Anker (1946), Henk
van der Waal(1960) and writer and poet Peter Verhelst
(1962), amongst others.
• The absence of women-poets in the discussions on
postmodernism. Why is it that the work of, for example,
Anneke Brassinga (1948), Eva Gerlach (1948) or Jo
Govaerts (1972), have been neglected in discussions on
postmodern poetry?
The project aims to unravel and examine various arguments
with respect to postmodern poetry: what is meaning, can
textual characteristics be isolated and, if so, how and why is it
that Dutch historians always think in dichotomies: modern
versus post-modern, expressionist versus autonomist, etc.
and what is the poet trying to transcend ‘language’ or ‘Being’?
The discussion of Dutch and Belgian postmodern poetry will
be enriched by comparing it with discussions on
postmodernist poetry in other national bodies of literature.
Some of my time will also be spent on this.
Michael Howard, born in
Gloucestershire, UK, in 1945.
Leicester. Professor of
Economics at the University of
Waterloo, Canada.
24
M.C. Howard
Economic Theory
THE RISE OF NEO-LIBERLISM IN ADVANCED CAPITALIST ECONOMIES
Most accounts of the rise of neo-liberalism view it as a reaction
to the decline of profitability that began in advanced capitalist
economies in the late 1960s. We argue that there is much more
to it than this conjunctural crisis which, at most, acted only to
trigger a neo-liberal offensive by some political parties in
leading capitalist states. Instead, we seek to explain neoliberalism by giving primacy to technology, although (in
contrast to most theorists of business) we do not look
primarily to the ‘new economy’ of information technology.
While this certainly encouraged neo-liberalism, marketpromoting technologies are very much older than those of the
late twentieth century. The important question facing our
explanation of neo-liberalism is why it did not materialise prior
to the 1970s. We explain the striking time lag by emphasising
the importance of the counteracting forces associated with the
Great Depression, two World Wars and the Cold War.
Martine van Ittersum, born in
Ommen, the Netherlands, in
1968. Ph.D. from Harvard
University, Cambridge.
History Department, University
of Dundee.
M.J. van Ittersum
René Jorna, born in Sneek, the
Netherlands, in 1953. Ph.D.
Groningen. Professor of
Knowledge Management and
Cognition at the University of
Groningen.
R.J.J.M. Jorna
Management Science
DIPLOMATIC EDITION OF DE IURE PRAEDAE
I will work on two related projects during my time at NIAS. I
will contribute to a diplomatic edition of De Iure Praedae [On
the Law of Prize and Booty] (1604-1606), Grotius’ first major
work on rights and contract theory, commissioned by the
Dutch East India Company to justify its attacks on Portuguese
merchantmen. In addition, I will write an article about his
involvement in various political debates over the economic
interest of Holland and Zeeland during the Twelve Years Truce
(1609-1621). This article will become the basis for a
comprehensive study of the reception of his most famous
pamphlet, Mare Liberum [The Free Sea] (1609), in the United
Provinces in the seventeenth century. I intend to establish that
his concept of freedom of trade and navigation was of far
greater importance for shaping Dutch economic and foreign
policy than historians have hitherto believed.
SUSTAINABLE INNOVATION: FROM KNOWLEDGE
SUSTAINABILITY OF KNOWLEDGE
OF
SUSTAINABILITY TO
Sustainable innovation is a new challenge for organisations.
The last ten years show a growing interest in organisational
issues in sustainability discussions. McElroy (2003), for
example, argues that sustainable innovation is a process that
permeates the whole organisation, in terms of its members, its
tasks, its coordination mechanisms and its procedures. Waste
or pollution should not be seen as the reason for further
intervention downstream, but as an end of the pipe effect, that
could also be organizationally cured upstream. In a NIDO
research programme (National Institute for Sustainable
Development, 2002-04) I collected data from various
organisations in which adequate management of knowledge in
relation to their appropriate organisational forms is not so
much formulated as an ethical, but more as a scientific and
empirical testable approach to this aspect of sustainability.
During my fellowship, I want to further develop a theory of
sustainable innovation that is based on
• management of knowledge;
• knowledge and cognition;
• innovation approaches;
• empirical research conducted in the NIDO programme
“Knowledge Creation for Sustainable Innovation” (see
Jorna, R.J. et al. (2004).
25
Cesary Kaminski, born in
Goleniow, Poland, in 1963.
LL.D. from the Institute of
Legal Studies, Polish Academy
of Sciences, Warsaw. Associate
Professor at the Institute of
Legal Studies, Polish Academy
of Sciences, Warsaw and at the
Jagiellonian University, Crakow
and at the Polonia University,
Czestochowa.
I.C. Kaminski
European Law
Mellon Fellow (1 September 2004 - 31 January 2005)
Irina Katkova, born in St.
Petersburg, in 1967. Ph.D.
from St. Petersburg Institute
of Oriental Studies. Research
Fellow at the Department of
South and Southeast Asia, St.
Petersburg Institute of
Oriental Studies.
I.R. Katkova
Sufi Literature
2004)
26
DIVERSITY AND UNIVERSALITY IN THE EUROPEAN STANDARDS OF THE
LIMITATIONS OF FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION: A CRITICAL ASSESMENT OF
THE CASE LAW OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS UNDER ART.
10 OF THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS
My research project at NIAS centres on the European
Convention on Human Rights that sets the human rights
standards for forty-five Member States of the Council of
Europe. The Convention is not merely a declaration of intent
by Member States. Its application is subject to control by the
European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg, which in 2003
alone received around 39,000 new complaints. My project will
concentrate on Art. 10 of the Convention that is meant to
protect freedom of expression. As the Council of Europe
encompasses divergent countries – the established
democracies of Western Europe, the newly born democracies
of Central-East Europe, as well the emerging democracies in
the Balkans, the Caucasus, Ukraine, Russia and Turkey – the
Strasbourg Court has to accommodate diversity while at the
same time set uniform standards. Therefore, I intend to
determine what kind of speech is protected under the
Convention and what arguments have been used by the Court
to achieve this at aim. Interestingly, the Court has often
abstained from intervening in national legal practice under the
assumption that ‘the national margin of appreciation’ is wider.
In my monograph, I want to critically analyse the Court’s
approach to these issues and assess whether alternative
proposals – likely to solve tensions in the Court’s case law – are
feasible.
SUFISM
IN
INDONESIA. STUDYING MALAY MANUSCRIPTS FROM THE
ST. PETERBURG INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL STUDIES
COLLECTION OF THE
My research at NIAS will deal with Sufism in Indonesia. More
specifically, I will be looking at a methodology for studying
Sufi literature in addition to studying the Malay manuscript,
“Sang Hyang Batara Guru”, by Ahmed Beramka (St. Petersburg
Institute of Oriental Studies). The latter text links in well with
the study of one of the most interesting cultural phenomena of
Islamic civilization, namely the persona of the ‘Saint’ (in Islam
wali), and his role in modern Indonesia. Although this
phenomenon originated in the early Sufi traditions of Middle
Asia, my work is mostly based on Indonesian material from
Java where Muslim ‘Saints’ were responsible for the conversion
to Islam in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. At present in
Indonesia, the cult of legendary saints plays an important role
in the Islam but is also involved in creating modern political
myths.
Pauline Kleingeld, born in
Rotterdam, the Netherlands, in
University. Associate Professor
at the Philosophy Department,
Washington University, St.
Louis and Professor of
Philosophy at Leiden
University.
P. Kleingeld
History of Philosophy
PHILOSOPHICAL COSMOPOLITANISM IN LATE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY
GERMANY AND KANT ON THE UNITY OF REASON
I plan to finish a book manuscript on the philosophical debate
over cosmopolitanism in late eighteenth-century Germany. The
goal of this project is to provide a historical reconstruction,
philosophical analysis, and critical assessment of the arguments given in defense of the cosmopolitan ideal.
I will also work on a book project concerning Immanuel Kant’s
conception of rationality, and in particular the relationship
between theoretical and practical reason. Commentators
disagree not only as to whether Kant’s argument for the unity
of reason is sound, but also on what Kant’s argument is and,
more fundamentally, on what he means by the ‘unity of
reason.’ I will develop a novel interpretation that reconciles
Kant’s seemingly contradictory statements into a coherent
account, one that also provides insight into various aspects of
rationality.
Ewa Klekot, born in Warsaw,
Poland, in 1965. Ph. D. from
Warsaw University. Assistant
Professor at the Institute of
Ethnology and Cultural
Anthropology, Warsaw
University.
E.A. Klekot
Social Anthropology
Visiting Grant Scholar (1 April 2005 - 30 June 2005)
MONUMENTS
TOURISM
OF
NATIONAL HERITAGE: BETWEEN POLITICS
AND
At NIAS, I plan to study the different meanings of national
heritage monuments and their social construction. At present,
I am working on two examples of Polish national heritage: the
Royal Castles of Warsaw and Crakow. I have already done my
fieldwork (based on quality methods), as well as some archival
research concerning the restoration and reconstruction of both
monuments. While at NIAS, I would like to focus on the notion
of the national heritage monument as well as the importance
of ‘authenticity’ as a value. I would like to develop the
theoretical framework for two fundamental notions defining
cultural heritage monuments in social practice: authenticity
and belonging (I use “belonging” instead of “property” in order
to focus more on the symbolic status of cultural heritage than
on the legal one). The first notion embodies the problem of
mutual relationship of two “types” of authenticity that make a
heritage monument: “material” and “symbolical”. I will refer to
conservators’ discourse, and the opinions of curators, guides
and visitors’. The notion of belonging is about participation in
27
cultural and national heritage. The role of national heritage
monuments as symbols of “belonging” in the appropriation of
cultural heritage is an issue that I would also like to address
theoretically.
Frédéric Laugrand, born in
Brazzaville, Congo, in 1967.
Ph.D. from Université Laval.
Professor of Anthropology at
Université Laval
F. Laugrand
Anthropology of Religion
SHAMANISM
(CANADA)
AND THE
TRANSITION
TO
CHRISTIANITY
IN
NUNAVUT
During my time at NIAS I will be working on a comparative
study of shamanism and its interaction with Christianity in
Northeast Canada. The research focusing on the South Baffin
area, the North Baffin area, the Kivalliq and the Nattilik areas
will be carried out in cooperation with Jarich Oosten of Leiden
University. Our research will combine archival sources and oral
traditions collected during courses, workshops and interviews
with local Elders over the last ten years. From these sources, it
can be inferred that the discourse on shamanism is still very
much alive in Nunavut. The complex interaction between
shamanism and Christianity will be explored in a comparative
and historical perspective. We will discuss the nature and
development of shamanism in different areas and the ways in
which shamanic perspectives and practices shaped Inuit
Christianity. The project will result in a monograph and various
papers in academic journals.
Helma Lutz, born in
Hildesheim, Germany, in 1953.
Ph.D.s from the University of
Amsterdam and Universität
Münster. Associate Professor
at the Education Department,
Universität Münster.
28
H. Lutz
Comparative Education
DOMESTIC WORK IN A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE.
My aim at NIAS is to complete the book entitled: “The New
Maids in the Age of Globalisation”. This book will be the
outcome of the research project (2001-2005): “Gender, identity
and ethnicity. The new maids in the age of globalisation”, a
German pioneers project on migrant women domestic
workers. The results of the German project will also be
discussed with an international audience during the
conference Domestic Work in Global Perspective at NIAS (May
26-29, 2005). The research project is based on:
• biographical interviews with migrant women from Eastern
Europe and Latin America who work as maids and carers in
German households;
• indigenous German employers of migrant domestic
workers;
• network observation.
The research focuses on three areas: First, the construction of
an intercultural space of communication in the household.
Second, how the migrant women, many of whom are
professionals and highly educated, integrate their work and
life experiences as a domestic worker into their (transnational)
identity and sense of self. Third, the role of networks in
migration and the negotiation of domestic work in the
informal labour market.
Nora Machado des Johansson,
born in Buenos Aires,
Argentina, in 1953. Ph.D.
from Uppsala University.
Sociology Department,
Göteborg University.
N. Machado
Health Care Sociology
TOWARDS A (NEO) INSTITUTIONAL BIOETHICS
Much ethical decision-making in health care is ambiguous and
justificatory, reflecting the practical compromises of
institutional realities produced through the interaction of
different actors. In health care environments, for example,
physicians, nurses, patients and their relatives each have
specific ethical codes and set different priorities. Moreover,
medical environments constantly change as new treatments
and technologies are introduced. This means that existing
norms and policies no longer adequately cover the new
situations that arise. Ethical considerations are typically
integrated into increasingly complex and overarching
judgments and decisions about health care and treatment. The
compromises that have to be made in negotiating solutions
illustrate the constraints encountered in applying classic
ethical models to modern medical settings.
An institutional-bioethical analysis can show the extent to
which extensive or contextual ethical norms (Walzer 1994)
operate in contrast to, and in dynamic interplay with norms
that have been formalised throughout the whole medical field.
Karin MacHardy, born in
Gstatt, Austria, in 1945. Ph.D.
California, Berkeley. Associate
Professor at the History
Department, University of
Waterloo, Canada.
K.J. MacHardy
History
THE FORMATION OF THE HABSBURG MONARCHY. COMMUNITIES,
RELIGION AND WAR: 1273-1648
I plan to complete writing an accessible survey on the
formation of the (Eastern) Habsburg monarchy. Most scholars
view the late medieval and early modern period as a stage on
the road to modernity. Anglo-Saxon theorists stress the
importance of rulers gaining a monopoly control over the
military and finance, while German historians emphasise the
enforcement of religious conformity (“confessionalisation”) in
the process of modernisation. Most Western historians tend to
privilege the state as the prime agent, frequently neglecting
demographic change, clientele systems, and the social
dimensions of state formation. By integrating these factors
and avoiding the tendencies of statist, linear and functionalist
approaches, my study views state-building as the product of a
29
continuous bargaining process between rulers and subjects
that involved both cooperation and violent conflict. The
history of the Habsburg lands also provides an excellent case
study for rethinking a number of traditional concepts and
frameworks, such as absolutism, confessionalisation,
secularisation, and modernisation.
Jacek Malinowski, born in
Pabianice, Poland, in 1959.
Ph.D. from the Institute of
Philosophy and Sociology,
Polish Academy of Sciences,
Warsaw. Associate Professor at
the Institute of Philosophy and
Sociology, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Warsaw and at the
Department of Logic and
Semiotics, Nicolas Copernicus
University, Torun.
James McAllister, born in
Bologna, Italy, in 1962. Ph.D.
Cambridge. Associate
Professor at the Faculty of
Philosophy, Leiden University,
and KIVI Special Professor of
Philosophy of Technology and
Culture at Delft University of
Technology.
30
J. Malinowski
Philosophical Logic
GENERALIZED CONSEQUENCE OPERATIONS: A
LOGICAL FRAMEWORK
FOR COMMONSENSE REASONING
During my fellowship at NIAS I will work on a book devoted to
the generalisations of the notion of logical consequence
operation. The notion of logical consequence, as defined by
Tarski in 1930, is intended to mirror the main properties of
logical entailment. The theory of logical consequences has
been extensively investigated since the thirties. It is
sometimes called Polish-style logic. Within this framework all
logical notions and results can be reconstructed. Syntactic
approaches like proof theory or natural deduction, as well as
the main types of semantics presented within this framework,
allow a uniform point of view of logic. The aim of my project
is to generalise the concept of logical consequence operation
and make it capable of describing the variety of rules of
commonsense reasoning which are based on social rules of
persuasion and pragmatic rules of language use.
J.W. McAllister
Philosophy of Science
PATTERENS IN EMPIRICAL DATA AND THE METAPHYSICS OF SCIENCE
It is generally held that science aims to identify and explain
patterns in empirical data and use these patterns to infer
structures in the world. During my semester at NIAS, I will be
working on a philosophical analysis of this view of science. My
starting point is the fact that any set of empirical data exhibits
innumerably many patterns, each with a certain noise level.
Scientists frequently regard it as obvious which pattern in a
data set is significant, but in principle all patterns have equal
claim to correspond to structures in the world. One research
question is methodological: on what criteria do scientists
choose among patterns, and in particular how does their
choice depend on their degree of tolerance for noise? A further
question is metaphysical: what does the coexistence of
multiple patterns in data entail for the ontology of the world?
Nikolay Natov, born in Sofia,
Bulgaria, in 1955. Ph.D. from
St Kliment Ohridski University,
Sofia. Professor of Private
International Law at St
Kliment Ohridski University,
Sofia.
Nikolay Natov
Private International Law
Visiting Grant Scholar (1 February 2005 - 31 March 2005)
Henk Nellen, born in Horst, the
Netherlands, in 1949. Ph.D.
Nijmegen. Senior Research
Fellow at the Constantijn
Huygens Institute, The Hague.
H.J.M. Nellen
Alexander Nützenadel, born in
Karlsruhe, Germany, in 1965.
Ph.D. from Universität zu Köln.
History Department,
Universität zu Köln.
A. Nützenadel
History of Globalisation
QUALIFICATION (CHARACTERISATION, CLASSIFICATION)
INTERNATIONAL LAW
IN
PRIVATE
My project will start with a historical overview of the problem
of qualification in Private International Law. I will then go on to
focus on the following topics, which are consecutive parts of
the above subject: the notion of qualification; the objects of
qualification and the subjects of qualification. I will also
investigate other aspects such as the role of the court; the
forms of qualification and criteria; conflicts of qualifications.
Moreover, I will look at the harmonization of Bulgarian PIL with
the Law of the European Union with respect to the problem of
qualification.
BIOGRAPHY OF HUGO GROTIUS (1583-1645)
During my fellowship at NIAS, I plan to write a biography of
the Dutch humanist Hugo Grotius. The publication of a final
volume on the correspondence of Hugo Grotius, completed the
series Briefwisseling van Hugo Grotius. Although the series
contains one of the most voluminous sets of correspondence
(7725 letters) exchanged by humanists in the seventeenth
century there is still much other material on Grotius left
untouched in print or in the archives. The information we have
on Grotius is indeed extensive. Approximately 120 works by
Grotius have come down to us in over 1200 editions, and the
body of secondary literature on Grotius’ life and works is
immense. However, for my biography, I have chosen to
describe Grotius’ life mainly on the basis of his
correspondence, in order to shed new light on his many
activities as a politician, a poet, a scholar, a family man, a letter
writer and an intermediary in the world of learning. My book
will be written in Dutch, and is intended for general readership
and those with an interest in the intellectual and political
history of the seventeenth century.
FOOD MARKETS, GLOBALISATION
1850-1970
AND
TRANSNATIONAL POLITICS
The aim of my project is to examine the ‘first globalisation’ of
agricultural and food markets in the nineteenth century and
31
follow its development until 1970. As a first step, I will
examine the transformation and international trade, and the
economic impact of global market integration. Secondly, I will
analyse how this process was perceived and explained by
politicians and economic experts. Thirdly, I plan to study the
various forms of transnational co-operation and global
governance that emerged in this field from the late nineteenth
century onwards. Taking a more extended view (1850-1970)
not only helps the understanding of far-reaching
transformation of the international economy, but also sheds
light on its inherent problems, conflicts and counter-forces.
The project applies globalisation theories developed by
economic and social scientists to historical processes. At the
same time, it attempts to provide the ongoing debate on
globalisation with an empirical basis by examining the
historical origins and impacts of the phenomenon.
Jarich Oosten, born in
Enschede, the Netherlands, in
1945. Ph.D. from the
University of Groningen.
Professor of Cultural
Anthropology at Leiden
University.
J.G. Oosten
Cultural Anthropology
SHAMONISM
(CANADA)
AND THE
TRANSITION
TO
CHRISTIANITY
IN
NUNAVUT
The project is carried out in cooperation with Frédéric
Laugrand (Université Laval) and focuses on the interaction
between Inuit shamanism and Christianity in Northeast
Canada. A comparison will be made of the regional variants of
shamanism and will examine its interactions with the
dominant Christian Churches in the area, notably the Anglican
Church and the Roman Catholic Church. The focus will be on
the role of Inuit in the adoption of Christianity as well as on the
continuity of their shamanic perspective of the world.
My study will use early ethnographic sources and archival
material providing Western perspectives of shamanism as well
as oral traditions reflecting Inuit perspectives covering the
period between 1820 and 2000. We examine the ideological
principles governing the various perspectives involved. The
Anglican missionaries provided many verbatim accounts of
Inuit informants in Cumberland Sound more than a century
ago. The ethnographer Rasmussen provided similar accounts
of Iglulingmiut and Nattilingmiut in his publications of the
results of the 5th Thule Expedition 1921-1924. Comparison of
those data with ethnographic data collected from Inuit Elders
provides a better insight into the dynamics of Inuit
perspectives and processes of cultural and social change in
Nunavut.
Frits van Oostrom, born in
Utrecht, the Netherlands, in
1953. Ph.D. from Utrecht
32
F.P. van Oostrom
Medieval Literature
University. University Professor
for the Humanities at Utrecht
University and (as of May
2005) President of the Royal
Netherlands Academy of Arts
and Sciences.
Ype Poortinga, born in
Stroobos, the Netherlands, in
1939. Ph.D. from the Free
University, Amsterdam.
Emeritus Professor of CrossCultural Psychology at the
University of Tilburg and at
the Catholic University of
Leuven.
A LITERARY HISTORY OF MEDIEVAL DUTCH
My hope is to repeat the trick that I have been fortunate
enough to perform at NIAS twice before: to finish, or rather
write, a large book. After Het woord van eer, dealing with the
literature and culture at the Holland-Bavarian court around
1400 (NIAS fellowship 1986/87) and Maerlants wereld, about
the prolific thirteenth-century Dutch poet Jacob van Maerlant
(NIAS fellowship 1994/95), the synthesis of this, and much
more, is being considered: a full-fledged literary history of
Middle Dutch (from the eighth century up to the age of
printing) in its European context (and manifold relationships
with Latin, French and German writing at the time). Originally
planned as one, huge volume, it now turns out to be
materialising into two sizeable books, each one to be written,
published and read more or less in its own right. It is my
ambition to complete the first one at NIAS, covering the period
between the eighth and thirteenth centuries.
Y.H. Poortinga
Cross-Cultural Psychology
Fellow (1 September 2004 - 31 January 2005)
THE CULTURAL ORGANISATION OF HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
The most common tradition in cross-cultural psychology is
characterised by culture-comparative research, assuming basic
psychological processes that exist in all humans.
Manifestations of such processes in actual behaviour
repertoire may differ, but the processes themselves should be
essentially universal. A growing relativist school, called
cultural psychology, has challenged this assumption. Human
behaviour is seen as essentially cultural, and psychological
processes are defined by the cultural context in which they
occur.
In my project, I will try to reformulate behaviour-culture
relationships describing a position of demarcation between
universalism and relativism that acknowledges a separate
range of convenience for each. This will form the basis of a
framework in which the main distinction will be between
cultural context as imposing constraints on behaviour and as
providing a space of affordances for action. The framework
will be elaborated at the phylogenetic level, the cultural level
and the individual level.
Wolfgang Reinhard, born in
Pforzheim, Germany, in 1937.
Ph.D. and Habilitation from
Universität Freiburg. Professor
Emeritus of Modern History at
Universität Augsburg and
Freiburg.
W.K.W. Reinhard
Modern History
Guest of the Rector (1 September 2004 - 31 December 2004)
EUROPE AND THE ATLANTIC WORLD 1350-1750
While at NIAS, I plan to write a draft version of my
33
contributions to Volume 3 of The New World History. I shall
also serve as editor of this volume which is entitled “Empire
Formation and Maritime Interaction, 1350-1750”. My own
chapter on Europe and the Atlantic World shall first present
African, pre-Columbian American and European histories
separately and then focus on the variety of Atlantic histories
between 1500 and 1750: the so called Columbian Exchange,
the Spanish Atlantic, the Portuguese and the African Atlantic,
the Dutch and the Jewish Atlantic, the French and the British
Atlantic.
In addition, I plan to write four short pieces on the exchanges
of the Atlantic World as defined above with Continental
Eurasia, with the Ottoman Empire and the Muslim World, with
India and the Indian Ocean, and with Southeast Asia, Maritime
East Asia and the Pacific.
Hanna Serkowska, born in
Warsaw, Poland, in 1961.
Ph.D. from Rutgers University,
New Jersey. Assistant
Professor at the Department
of Italian Studies, Warsaw
University.
H.M. Serkowska
Italian Literature
Visiting Grant Scholar (1 April 2005 - 30 June 2005)
HISTORICAL FICTIONS IN TWENTIETH-CENTURY ITALY. HISTORY,
NARRATIVE, GENDER AND AUTHORSHIP
Many scholars, amongst which M. Ganeri, G. De Donato, V.
Spinazzola and G. Barberi Squarotti have studied the
postmodern historical novels by Umberto Eco’s followers (such
as Malerba, Consolo, Vassalli), but have disregarded other
types and ways in which history becomes the subject of
representation and narration. My study is intended to fill the
gap, by a thorough analysis of all of these types and ways that
have so far been overlooked.
My research project entails an enquiry into the current and
most recent scholarship with regard to historical knowledge
and, more specifically, with regard to the historical novel as a
genre. To gain a precise overview and a clear picture of the
situation, aside from considering theoretical findings on the
issue, a practical analysis and interpretation of
several of the twentieth-century Italian historical novels is
necessary. Especially in the early decades of the century a
lively Europe-wide debate went on between writers and
theoreticians, as is testified by the many articles and essays
which were produced and I still need to obtain. I hope to do so
at the various libraries in The Hague and Leiden.
The project – part of a broader research plan involving
twentieth-century Italian prose – will ultimately produce a
book-length publication, addressing questions of much
interest to many scholars these days.
34
Horst Siebert, born in
Neuwied, Germany, in 1938.
Ph.D. from Universität
Münster. President Emeritus at
the Institut für Weltwirtschaft,
Kiel and AGIP Chair in
International Economics, Johns
Hopkins University, Bologna
Center.
H. Siebert
Economics
Jelle Zijlstra Fellow (1 September 2004 - 31 January 2005)
Radmila Slabáková, born in
Prĕrov, Czech Republic, in
1970. Ph.D. from Palacký
University, Olomouc and
Université P. Mendes France
Grenoble. Senior Research
Fellow at the History
Department, Palacký
University, Olomouc.
R. Slabáková
Modern History
2004)
STRUCTURAL REFORMS OF THE GERMAN SOCIAL MARKET ECONOMY
The German Economy, once the economic power-house in
Europe, is grinding to a halt. The GDP growth rate has been at
a low 1.2 percent since 1995, unemployment has ratcheted
upward since 1970 and the social security systems can no
longer be financed, even if the population was not aging. My
hypothesis is that Germany’s failure is linked to the form of its
social market economy and to the expansion of the welfare
state. To get on a higher growth path again requires major
changes in the German social system including not only the
social security systems, but also the labor market, the capital
market, the institutional set-up to co-determination and the
consensus approach. Germany’s problem is similar to that of
the two other large continental economies, France and Italy so
that Germany cannot be considered as a unique case of the
continental welfare state.
NOBILITY OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA AND THEIR EXILE AFTER 1945
My research project distinguishes several research
phenomena: nobility, exile, oral history. During my stay at
NIAS, I hope to discover a connection between these
phenomena. I would like to find the answer to the questions:
can we speak of the nobility in exile as a particular community
with its symbols, rituals and opinions; how do ‘traditional’
values of nobility help their integration; in what measure was
the social exclusivity of the nobility preserved and finally, how
were they different to exiles of non-noble origin?
The project also addresses memory and issues of subjectivity
and reality by analysing interviews with the descendants of
the nobility. My approach is, thus, interdisciplinary, integrating
history, sociology and psychology. I intend to record my
investigations in either a comprehensive essay or a modest
book-length manuscript.
Paul Smith, born in The
Hague, the Netherlands, in
University. Professor of French
Literature at Leiden University.
P.J. Smith
French Literature
DISPOSITO AND REWRITING IN FRENCH LITERATURE
During my stay at NIAS, I intend to finish two monographs,
one in French, “Réécrire la Renaissance: de Proust à Quignard”,
35
and one in English, “Questions of Order: Dispositio in
Sixteenth-Century French Literature”. “Réécrire la Renaissance”
concerns the literary reception and rewriting of some
sixteenth-century French authors (Rabelais, Montaigne,
amongst others) and some Renaissance themes and myths
(the Wandering Jew, Early Modern zoology) in twentiethcentury French literature (Proust, Yourcenar, Ponge, Perec,
Quignard, amongst others). The second book, “Questions of
Order” will offer a theoretical survey of the poetics of dispositio
in sixteenth-century French literature, and a series of casestudies of ‘problematic’ ordering in Rabelais, Montaigne, the
Pléiade poets and some French fabulists and emblematists.
Honor Margaret Spufford,
born in Hartford, U.K., in
1935. Ph.D. from the
University of Leicester and
Litt.D. from the University of
Cambridge and D.U. honoris
causa from the Open
of Social and Local History at
Roehampton University,
London.
Peter Spufford, born in Hutton,
U.K., in 1934. Ph.D. from the
Litt.D. from the University of
Cambridge. Professor Emeritus
of European History at the
Fellow at Queens’ College,
Cambridge.
36
H.M. Spufford
Guest of the Rector (1 April 2005 - 30 June 2005)
CLOTH AND CLOTHING IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY ENGLAND
In The Great Reclothing of Rural England, I traced the
distribution network of the traders known as ‘petty chapmen’.
Very little was known about the clothing of common people in
the seventeenth-century countryside. It is important for the
few household accounts we have suggest clothing made up as
much as a quarter of domestic expenditure, otherwise virtually
the only source was the national list by Gregory King of
clothing sold in the year 1688. I found another source in
probate accounts, which followed up probate inventories.
However, relatively few survive. I collected the cost of 967
garments from them, and so was able to test Gregory King’s
prices “The cost of apparel in the seventeenth century and the
accuracy of Gregory King”, Economic History Review (2000). I
then examined all the fabrics listed in these accounts, bought
for clothing minors. I established which cloths normally made
which garments “Fabric for Seventeenth-Century Children and
Adolescents’ Clothes”, Textile History (2003). I next found a
research student, trained in fashion, to find out how far the
dress of the gentry was imitated by the commons. At NIAS I
intend to integrate my papers, her Ph.D. and further work of
my own, into a book, called provisionally “The Clothing of the
Common Sort, 1550-1700”.
P. Spufford
Economic History
Guest of the Rector (1 April 2005 - 30 June 2005)
THE RISE AND FALL OF FINANCIAL CENTRES
This follows from the work that I did at the NIAS in 1992/93:
“Access to credit and capital in the commercial centres of
Europe”, in Karel Davids and Jan Lucassen (eds.), A Miracle
Mirrored, Cambridge, 1995. I would now like to try to analyse
the inter-relationships between various elements that made for
the growth and decline of financial centres. These include
manufacture, long-distance commerce, inward and outward
investment, transfers of people and skills, and interference
from political events. The contrast needs to be explored
between slow change and sudden transformations.I shall
begin by making notes on a large number of financial centres
– from twelfth and thirteenth-century Genoa, Montpellier and
Arras to twentieth and twenty-first-century London, Frankfurt,
Zurich, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Tokyo, and New York.
I shall then whittle this down to a number of case studies set
in a general matrix. A long provocative article should emerge.
Ezra Suleiman, born in Basra,
Iraq, in 1941. Ph.D. from
Columbia University. IBM
Professor of International
Studies, Professor of Politics
and Director of the
Programme in European
Politics and Society at
Princeton University.
E.N. Suleiman
Comparative Politics
Fellow (1 December 2004 - 31 January 2005)
Károly Takács, born in
Veszprém, Hungary, in 1973.
Groningen. Assistant Professor
at the Department of Sociology
and Social Policy, Corvinus
University of Budapest.
K. Takács
Sociology
Magyar Fellow (1 September 2004 - 31 January 2005)
GOVERNANCE
DEFICIT”
IN THE
EUROPEAN UNION
AND THE
“DEMOGRAPHIC
The project I am currently working on deals with a particular
issue of governance in the European Union. It analyses one of
the key aspects of what is commonly known as the
“demographic deficit”. Is there an accountable bureaucracy in
Brussels that dominates decision-making? How is this
bureaucracy constituted? Is there a European bureaucratic
culture that transcends national bureaucratic patterns? If so,
how has this been developed? Does the political leadership
(the Commission) exercise control or is it under the influence
of the bureaucratic apparatus? Much has been written on this
though very little has been based on empirical research. The
NIAS Fellowship will allow me to continue the empirical work
on my project. I would hope to be able to continue my
interviews with European officials inside and outside of
Brussels. I would also use the opportunity to write up some of
the preliminary results.
TOLERANCE AND DISCRIMINATIVE SANCTIONING
SOLUTIONS FOR INTERGROUP CONFLICT
AS
POSSIBLE
Strong social control is not beneficial to the community if it
increases intergroup conflict. In a dynamic perspective,
intergroup relations inevitably effect network structures.
Short-term incentives encourage individuals to strengthen ties
that carry the positive rewards of social acceptance and
abandon ties that produce negative experiences. This means
that social contacts segregate, which in turn increases the
likelihood of violent encounters in the future. To identify ways
to avoid such a spiral, the proposed research focuses on an
37
analysis of tolerance and positive discrimination. During my
stay at NIAS, an agent-based simulation analysis of the
conditions for the success of tolerant and discriminative
behaviour will be elaborated. This investigation follows a
similar logic to that used in the analysis of cooperation in
single-group social dilemmas. Additionally, an experimental
design will be developed for a laboratory study to be carried
out after the fellowship period.
Jáchym Topol, born in Prague,
Czech Republic, in 1962.
Studied Ethnography and
Folklore at Charles University,
Prague. Journalist and Teacher
at the Prague Literary
Academy. Author of poetry,
essays, articles and novels of
which the last three, Sister,
Angel Station and Night Work
have been translated into
many languages and have
earned him numerous literary
awards.
Eric Vanhaute, born in
Hoogstraten, Belgium, in
1959. Ph.D. from Ghent
University. Professor of
Modern and Contemporary
Economic and Social History at
Ghent University.
J. Topol
Fiction
Writer-in-Residence (1 September 2004 - 31 January 2005)
HEROES AND COLLABORATORS
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
DURING THE
SOVIETIZATION
OF
During my tenure at NIAS, I would like to finish a novel that is
set in the period of the invasion of Czechoslovakia by the
armies of the Warsaw pact in 1968. It was the largest tank
attack in Europe by the Soviet Union since the Second World
War.
The story will be told by an orphan living in an orphanage for
children of ‘unreliable’ citizens who had been imprisoned or
executed after the communist putsch in Czechoslovakia, in
1948. The boy becomes a spy and a child soldier in a Soviet
tank division during the uprising against the occupiers. At a
fundamental level, the story is about the relationship between
offender and victim and more specifically between hero and
collaborator during the violent Sovietization of Central Europe
that continued until the fall of the Berlin Wall. I hope that I will
find the peace and quiet to work on this and to finish another
short story about a child who not only survived persecution
and imprisonment under communism, but also adapted to
mass culture and material consumption by escaping into his
own peculiar form of madness! As a writer, I cannot disclose
any more but it is going to be a very black comedy.
E.A.K.M. Vanhaute
Economic and Social History
AN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL HISTORY OF THE LAST EUROPEAN
SUBSISTENCE CRISIS, 1845-1850. A FLEMISH AND A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE.
The subsistence crisis of the 1840s (1845-1848/50)
symbolises the transition between two worlds. Studying this
crise mixte (hunger crisis, industrial crisis, and financial crisis)
offers an interesting starting point to analyse the ‘event’ of
crisis and famine within the context of the transition from an
agrarian-rural to an industrial-urban society, in a local, national
and international perspective.
38
My research project has a threefold purpose. Firstly, I want to
make a broad and thorough analysis of the causes, the course
and the consequences of this subsistence crisis in Flanders, an
epicentre of the 1840s famine. Secondly, I will study
international aspects of the crisis, looking at the divergent
effects of the subsistence crisis on the neighbouring countries.
This is supported by an international research project with
scholars from the Netherlands, France, Great Britain, Germany,
Denmark, Sweden and Ireland. Finally, the famine of the 1840s
will be evaluated within the scope of contemporary debates on
the origin of subsistence crises.
Kristiaan Versluys, born in
Eeklo, Belgium, in 1951. Ph.D.
from Harvard University.
Professor of English at Ghent
University.
K. Versluys
American Literature
URBANITY AND SEMIOSIS IN RECENT NEW YORK FICTION
My objective is to write a book on the concepts of ‘urbanity’
and semiosis as found in recent New York City fiction
(1975-2001). A corpus of some 110 novels will be investigated
under four main rubrics:
• the city as a heuristic enterprise: novels in which gaps
and invisibilities are filled in the protagonist’s imagination;
• the city as lifestyle: novels of self-staging but also of
self-loss and anomie;
• the city as transnational capital: New York as a place of
tension between diasporic identity and nation-state
citizen;
• the city and the periphery: the contrast between New York
and its suburbs.
The idea is to clarify the relation between ‘the city of fact’ and
the ‘city of feeling’ (the city as physical reality and the city as
collective ‘imaginary’) through the study of a specific and
especially rich example: New York.
Barbara Waldis, born in
Entlebuch, Switzerland, in
1960. Ph.D. from Université de
Fribourg. Assistant Professor
at the Institute of Ethnology,
Université de Neuchâtel.
B.M. Waldis
Visitor (1 September 2004 - 30 June 2005)
Ethnology
CIVIC EDUCATION AND MULTICULTURAL VALUES IN MAURITIUS AND
LA REEUNION. AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL APPROACH TO CITIZENSHIP IN
TWO ISLANDS OF THE INDIAN OCEAN
For the preparation of this research project I benefited from a
two-month Visiting Grant at NIAS in the fall of 2003. I have
now been so fortunate as to be able to return to NIAS with a
two-year grant for my research endowed by the Swiss National
Science Foundation (SNSF). The title of my project is “Civic
Education and Multicultural Values in Mauritius and La
Réunion. An anthropological approach to citizenship on two
islands of the Indian Ocean” and the main aim of this study is
39
to compare two models of how institutions and individuals
link multiculturalism to citizenship in the public sphere. The
first year of my grant, that is September 2003 to July 2004,
was spent doing field-work. The second year of my grant is
dedicated to the sifting and sorting of collected ethnographical
data and their analysis. This will take the form of a book of
which I will present a first draft to the SNSF by September
2005. Professor Peter Geschiere, a specialist on citizenship
studies in Africa from the Amsterdam School for Social
Research is concerned with the anthropological development
of my work and NIAS has kindly accepted to host me as a
Visitor during the academic year 2004/05.
Jan Waszink, born in Geldrop,
the Netherlands, in 1969. Ph.D
Amsterdam. Research Fellow
at Radboud University of
Nijmegen.
Henk Wesseling, born in The
of Contemporary History at
Leiden University and Former
Rector of the Netherlands
Institute for Advanced Study
(1995 to 2002).
J.H. Waszink
Classics/Neo-Latin
DE IURE PRAEDAE AND THE GROTIAN CONCEPT OF RIGHTS
As a member of the NIAS Theme Group “De Iure Praedae and
the Grotian Concept of Rights”, I will be especially concerned
with the production of a new critical edition of De Iure
Praedae. The intention is to provide the reader with all the
variants found in the original text (insertions and deletions),
the sources as well as information on the links with other
contemporary works by Grotius. A considerable part of this
work will therefore be done at the present location of the
original manuscript: the Leiden University Library. An
important concern will be to integrate Grotius’ annotations in
the margins, into a useable format and to identify Grotius’
sources for each particular passage. My contribution to the
interpretation of the work will be based on my knowledge of
Grotius’ historical works, and of Grotius’ (developing) thought
on Reason of State.
H.L. Wesseling
Contemporary History
Honorary Fellow (1 September 2004 - 30 June 2005)
FRENCH HISTORY (NINETEENTH-TWENTIETH CENTURY)
The coming year at NIAS I will continue my work on the history
of France in the nineteenth and twentieth century. I have
already done some work on an ambitious project on French
cultural history of the nineteenth century, focusing on the lives
of three generations of artists, philosophers and writers
belonging to the Scheffer-Renan-Psichari family.
This will keep me busy for some time to come. In the
meantime, I shall write a short book with the provisional title
“France at War, 1870-1962”. The book will consist of five
chapters, each one dealing with major events in French
military history: the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, the Wars of
40
Colonial Conquest, the First and the Second World War and the
Wars of decolonization (Vietnam, Algeria). I will also carry on
my work as Editor in Chief of European Review, the journal of
the European Academy in London.
Laurens Winkel, born in The
1949. LL.D. from the
University of Amsterdam.
Professor of Legal History at
the Erasmus University
Rotterdam.
L.C. Winkel
Legal History
DE IURE PRAEDAE AND THE GROTIAN CONCEPT OF RIGHTS
Besides the preparation of a modern edition of De Iure
Praedae, I will study two other Grotian topics: “Grotian sources
of sociability” and “theory of natural law”. With respect to the
first, I will take a closer look at Grotius’ knowledge of Seneca.
One of Grotius’ key expressions is appetitus societatis. It is in
fact the cornerstone of his political and ethical philosophy.
Apparently, this expression was often used by Cicero and even
more frequently by Seneca. Further research into Grotius’
knowledge of Seneca, with the help of his letters, will shed
some new light on the relation between the revival of Stoic
philosophy by Lipsius and the development of Grotius’
political philosophy.
Grotius quotes Plato when he invokes the principle according
to which a state has jurisdiction over another state in case of
wrongdoing by the latter. I plan to use this as a starting point
in the study of Platonic influences on natural law theories in
early modern history.
George Wright, born in
Chicago, Illinois, USA, in 1946.
California, Berkeley. Professor
of Political Science at the
University of WisconsinSuperior.
G. Wright
GROTIUS, TUCK AND ROMAN LAW
At NIAS, as a member of the ‘Grotius’ theme group this year, I
will be combining both new and old research interests and
subjects. My work has long focused on the thought of Thomas
Hobbes, and one of my projects this year will be the first
translation into English of the 1668 Latin Leviathan.
But, Hobbes has figured recently in a larger debate over the
history of the concept of right in political philosophy, and here
the imposing work of the Dutch genius and polymath Grotius
offers new insights and challenges.
In a series of books and articles, Richard Tuck has advanced
the view that Hobbes is largely dependent on Grotius’
pioneering theory of right, and his view has won both
adherents and sharp critics. In analysing Grotius’ use of Roman
law materials in the De Iure Praedae, I hope to develop and
articulate a considered response to the Tuck thesis.
41
‘NIAS Books’
Received March 2004 - September 2004
‘Adelaar, W. F. H. (2004). The
languages of the Andes.
Cambridge,
Cambridge
University Press.
Atasoy, Y. and W. K. Carroll,
Eds. (2003). Global shaping
and its alternatives. Bloomfied, Connecticut, Kumarian
Press.
Baar, M. d. (2004). ‘Ik moet
spreken’:
het
spiritueel
leiderschap van Antoinette
Bourignon
(1616-1680).
Zutphen, Walburg Pers.
Bakker, B. (2003). Landschap
en wereldbeeld; van Van Eyck
tot Rembrandt. Amsterdam,
Vrije Universitieit Amsterdam.
Benthem van den Bergh, G. v.
(2004). Niet leuk: de wereld
van depressie en manie.
Amsterdam, Mets & Schilt.
Besten, H. d. (2004). The
origins of the Afrikaans
pre-nominal
possessive
construction(s). Curaçao Creole
Conference 2004, Curaçao,
Fundashon pa Planifikashon di
Idioma.
Carroll,
W.
K.
(2004).
Corporate
power
in
a
globalizing world; a study in
elite social organization. Don
Mills,
Ontario,
Oxford
University Press Canada.
Cornis-Pope,
M.
and
J.
Neubauer, Eds. (2004). History
of the literary cultures of EastCentral Europe: Junctures and
disjunctures in the 19th and
20th centuries. A comparative
42
history of literatures in
European languages. Amsterdam, Benjamins.
of state, scar, and trait
effects.” Archives of general
psychiatry 61:4: 387-393.
Geller, M. J. (2003). Ur III
Incantations
from
the
Frau Professor HilprechtCollection, Jena. Wiesbaden,
Harrassowitz Verlag.
Schipper, M. (2003). Never
marry a woman with big feet:
women in proverbs from
around the world. New Haven
[etc.], Yale University Press.
Horstmanshoff, H. F. J. and M.
Stol (2004). Magic and
rationality in ancient near
eastern and graeco-roman
medicine. Leiden; Boston, Brill.
Srinivasan, K. (2003). "The
Commonwealth:
lost
opportunities in South Asia.”
Centre of South Asian Studies
Occasional Paper 5: 1-16.
Kok,
A.
(2004).
Het
hiërarchisch brein: Inleiding
tot de cognitieve neurowetenschap.
Assen,
Van
Gorcum.
Stokman, F. N. and R.
Thomson,
Eds.
(2004).
Winners and losers of EU
decision making. European
Union Politics. London, SAGE
publications.
Lindemann, M. (2004). Ways
of
knowing:
ten
interdisciplinary essays. Boston &
Leiden,
Brill
Academic
Publishers, Inc.
Marada, R. (2003). Kultura
protestu: a politizace kazdodennosti. Brno, Centrum pro
studium demokracie a kultury.
Ormel, J. e. a. (2004).
“Disability and quality of life
impact of mental disorders in
Europe: results form the
European Study of the
Epidemiology
of
Mental
Disorders (ESEMeD) project.”
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
109 (Suppl. 420): 38-46.
Ormel, J. e. a. (2004).
“Psychosocial
disability
before, during, and after a
major depressive episode: a 3wave population-based study
Stoycheva,
K.
(2003).
Tolerance for Ambiguity.
Pleven, Bulgaria, Lege Artis.
Verhagen, A. and J. v. d.
Weijer, Eds. (2003). Usagebased approaches to Dutch:
lexicon, grammar, discourse.
Utrecht, LOT.
Voss, T. and A. Diekmann,
Eds. (2004). Rational-ChoiceTheorie in den Sozialwissenschaften: Anwendung-en und
Probleme. Scientia Nova.
München, Oldenbourg.
Wesseling, H. L. (2004). The
European Colonial Empires
1815-1919. London [etc.],
Longman.
Wesseling, H. L. (2004).
Franser dan Frans. Amsterdam, Bert Bakker.
Wink, A. (2004). AL-hind; the
making of the Indo-Islamic
world; Vol. III, Indo-Islamic
Society; 14th-15th centuries.
Leiden & Boston, Brill.
Winter, M. d. (2004). Opvoeding, onderwijs en jeugdbeleid in het algemeen
belang: de noodzaak van een
democratisch-pedagogisch
offensief.
Rector Wim Blockmans receiving the first copy of Magic and Rationality in Ancient
Near Eastern and Graeco-Roman Medicine from Manfred Horstmanshoff. On this
occasion Marten Stol delivered a lecture entitled, “The West indebted to the East:
a new trend in historiography”.
Personal News
Mirjam de Baar, Junior
Fellow 1997/98, defended
her Ph.D. thesis successfully
at the University of Groningen
on 21 May 2004. The title of
the commercial edition of her
dissertation is ‘Ik moet
spreken.’
Het
spiritueel
leiderschap van Antoinette
Bourignon (1616-1680).
Wim
Blockmans,
NIAS
Fellow 1997/98 and Rector of
NIAS, was appointed Foreign
Member of the Royal Flemish
Academy of Arts and Sciences
of Belgium on 16 October
2004. For Wim Blockmans,
being a Belgian national, this
is a distinction he highly
appreciates.
Wim van den Donk, Junior
Fellow 1993/94 and a
member of the research
theme group “Informatization
in Public Administration”, was
appointed Chairman of the
Wetenschappelijke Raad voor
het Regeringsbeleid (the
Netherlands Scientific Council
for Government Policy) as of
1 September 2004. He is
the successor of Michiel
Scheltema, who is a member
of the NIAS Scholarship
Committee. Wim van den
Donk is also Professor of
Social Administration at the
University of Tilburg.
Piet Emmer, NIAS Fellow
2002/03, was appointed a
member of the Academia
Europaea in May 2004. The
Academy has about 2000
members among whom 38
Nobel Prize winners.
Jaklien Gillis, NIAS Staff
member 1996 to 2003, gave
birth to a beautiful baby girl
on 15 October 2004, Marieke.
Jaklien shares her joy with the
happy father Henry Zijlmans.
Els Glastra van Loon-Boon,
former Deputy Director of
NIAS, died on 31 July 2004 at
the age of 87. She studied
Law at Leiden University, but
her studies were interrupted
by the Second World War.
After the war Els van Loon
played an active role in
the creation of the civitas
academica in Leiden, and was
President of the sorority VVSL.
In 1947 she married and later
divorced Jan Glastra van
Loon, Professor of Philosophy
of Law and Deputy Minister
of Justice. After receiving her
Law degree in 1949, she held
a number of positions:
Assistant to Professor G.E.
Langemeyer (Encyclopaedia
of Law) at Leiden University,
Teacher at the Institute
for
Studies
in
Public
Administration in The Hague,
Member of the Municipal
Council of Leiden, and
Chairman of the Madurodam
Foundation. She was Deputy
Director of NIAS from 1971 to
1980. In this capacity she was
responsible for shaping NIAS
as we find it today. After her
retirement from NIAS, Els van
Loon was a Member of the
Leiden University Council.
When former NIAS Fellow
43
Kenower Bash left his estate
to NIAS in 1986 he appointed
Els van Loon as Chairman of
the Golestan Foundation in
his last will and testament.
This
foundation
was
established to administer
Bash’s estate. As the Chair of
this foundation Els van Loon
was responsible for the
construction of the Persian
Rose (or Golestan) Garden in
the NIAS grounds.
Genowefa Grabowska, TRIS
Fellow 1991, was elected a
member of the European
Parliament in June 2004. She
is an active member of the
Social Democratic Party and
holds
the
position
of
Quaestor at the Bureau of the
European Parliament. Before
this, she worked for the
European Convention on the
Future of Europe. Genowefa
Grabowska was a Senator of
the Republic of Poland from
2001 to 2004.
and Guest of the Director
1992/93,
died
on
6
September 2004 at the age
of 64. He was Professor of
Dutch Linguistics at Leiden
University from 1972 to 1982
and Professor of General
Linguistics at the same
university from 1982-2004.
During his stay at NIAS in
1983/84 he prepared several
publications in the field of
prosodic phonology. He is
best known for his book
Algemene
taalwetenschap
written together with S.C.
Dik, which appeared in many
editions.
Pieter Kroonenberg, NIAS
Fellow
2003/04,
was
appointed Professor of Multivariate Analysis, in particular
Three-mode
Analysis
at
Leiden University on 1
November 2004. He will
deliver his inaugural lecture
on 2 September 2005.
Abdelmajid Kaddouri, NIAS
Fellow
2002/03,
was
appointed Dean of the Faculty
of Arts of the University of
Casablanca by H.M. King
Mohammed VI. Before this
appointment,
he
was
Professor of History at the
University Mohammed V at
Rabat.
Albert Kok, NIAS Fellow
1996/97, stepped down as
Professor of Physiological
Psychology at the University
of Amsterdam. A reception
was held in his honour on 26
November 2004.
Abdelmajid Kaddouri with his wife
Assia.
Jan Kooij, NIAS Fellow
1983/84 and a member of
the research theme group
“Universals of Language”,
Joris Luyendijk, Writer-inResidence 2003/04, and his
wife Katrien Hoekstra became
44
the proud parents of a
daughter Sophie Catharina.
‘Fietje’ as she will be called,
was born on 13 October
2004.
Henriëtte Maassen van
den Brink, member of the
NIAS Scholarship Committee
and Professor of Empirical
Labour Economy at the
University of Amsterdam, was
appointed Chair of the
Consultative Committee of
Sector Councils for Research
and Development (COS) by
the
Dutch
Minister
of
Education and Sciences as
of 1 July 2004. In a
Sector Council, researchers,
representatives of society
(including trade and industry)
and
government,
jointly
present an independent view
of the priorities for strategic,
medium-term and long-term
research in their sector.
Frans Messing, NIAS Fellow
1982/83, died on 30 July
2004 at the age of 68. From
1972 until his retirement he
had been affiliated with the
Fontys Teachers Training
College in Tilburg. His
specialisation was the Social
and Economic History of the
Netherlands in the 19th and
20th centuries. Among his
publications are De Nederlandse economie 1945 - 1980:
herstel,
groei,
stagnatie
(Haarlem, 1981) and Geschiedenis van de mijnsluiting in
Limburg: noodzaak en lotgevallen van een regionale herstructurering 1955 - 1975
(Leiden, 1988). While at NIAS
he did research on the
relation between literature
and
society
in
the
Netherlands in the period
1880 – 1914.
Odette Meyer, Junior Fellow
1993/94 and a member of
the research theme group
“Informatisation in Public
Administration”
held
an
exhibition of her drawings in
Galerie Loenatik in Voorburg
in June and July 2004. On this
occasion she also presented
her book ‘Wel 1000 keer moe.’
Een zoektocht in beelden.
Wolfgang Mommsen, Guest
of the Rector 1998/99, died
on 11 August 2004 at the age
of
73.
He
was
the
great-grandson of Theodor
Mommsen,
Professor
of
Roman Law and Ancient
History and Nobel Prize
winner for Literature, and the
twin brother of historian
Hans Mommsen. Wolfgang
Mommsen made a impressive
debut with his dissertation
Max Weber und die deutsche
Politik 1890 - 1920 (Tübingen
1959) which was published in
English as Max Weber and
German Politics 1890 - 1920
(Chicago, 1984). Mommsen
published extensively on
German and British history in
the 19th and 20th century,
the history of European
Imperialism, and the theory
and history of historiography.
In 1993 and 1995 he
published two volumes on the
history
of
the
German
Kaiserreich from 1850 to
1918. He was editor of the
collected works of Max Weber.
During his stay at NIAS
Wolfgang Mommsen worked
on the history of Max Weber’s
Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft.
Soziologie, and did research
on
Weber’s
intellectual
position within the spectre of
the Social and Economic
Sciences
around
1900.
Mommsen was Professor
Emeritus of History at the
Heinrich Heine University in
Düsseldorf.
Walter Müller, NIAS Fellow
1996/97 and a member of the
research theme group “Social
Stratification in Eastern and
Western Europe in the 1990s”,
received
an
Honorary
Doctorate from Stockholm
University on 24 September
2004, for his comparative
studies on education and
social mobility.
Frits van Oostrom, NIAS
Fellow 1986/87, 1994/95
and 2004/05, has been
elected President of the Royal
Netherlands Academy of Arts
and Sciences. He will take up
his appointment as of 1 May
2005.
University. He gave his
inaugural lecture entitled Van
apartheid naar democratie on
29 October 2004.
Nan Stevens, NIAS Fellow
2002/03 and a member of the
research theme group “Older
adults’ life strategies in
preparing for the future”, held
her inaugural lecture at the
Free University, Amsterdam,
on 13 November 2003. It was
entitled Vriendschap voor
gevorderden. Nan Stevens
was appointed Professor
Extraordinarius of Applied
Social Gerontology on behalf
of the Sluyterman van Loo
Foundation.
Richard Todd, NIAS Fellow
1984/85 and 1998/99, was
appointed Professor of British
Frits van Oostrom celebrating the news of his appointment as President with
Fellows and Staff (NIAS, September 2004)
Robert Ross, NIAS Fellow
1996/97
and
2003/04,
was appointed Professor
Extraordinarius of the History
of Africa, more in particular
South-Africa
at
Leiden
Literature after 1500 at
Leiden University as of
1 August 2004. Previously,
he was Associate Professor
at the Free University, Amsterdam.
45
Alfredo Torero Fernández
de Cordova, NIAS Fellow
1991/92, died in Valencia on
19 June 2004 at the age of 73.
He conducted trail-blazing
research into the Quechua
dialects of the Andes. While at
NIAS
he
continued
his
research on the relations
between
Andean
and
Amazonian languages. His
approach combined ethnohistorical and archaeological
evidence with linguistic data.
As a Vice-Rector of the
Universidad Nacional de San
Marcos in Lima his concern
for social justice, especially
with respect to the Andean
people, brought him in
conflict with the Peruvian
authorities, and forced him to
leave the country. He received
political asylum in the
Netherlands. As a scholar he
will be remembered by his
Los idiomas de los Andes
(IFEA,
Lima,
2002),
a
monumental study of the
Andean languages.
Dubravka Ugrĕsić, Writerin-Residence 2002/03, was
awarded the Premio Letterario
Feronia - Città di Fiano for her
book
The
Museum
of
Unconditional Surrender. She
received the prize in the
Ducal Palace of Fiano Romano
on 3 July 2004.
Xander Verrijn Stuart, NIAS
Fellow
1974/75,
died
suddenly on 26 October 2004
at the age of 81. He was the
first Professor of Information
Science at Leiden University,
and until recently an active
member of the International
Federation for Information
Processing. He held the
position of Secretary of the
Division of Natural Sciences
of the Royal Holland Society
of Sciences and Humanities.
His projects during his NIAS
Fellowship
were
formal
theories
of
information
systems, and the relevance of
information in organisations.
He was the editor of The
Future of the Sciences and
Humanities. Four Analytical
Essays and a Critical Debate
on the Future of the Scholastic
Endeavour
(Amsterdam,
2002) published on the
occasion
of
the
250
anniversary of the Royal
Holland
Society.
Xander
Verrijn Stuart was also known
for his expeditions to the
summits of the Mount Everest
and the Annapurna.
Hans Wansink, Journalist-inResidence 2002/03, used his
NIAS time effectively to write
a book about the legacy of
Pim Fortuyn, which he turned
into a dissertation for the
University of Amsterdam. He
successfully defended his
thesis entitled De erfenis van
Fortuyn. De Nederlandse
democratie na de opstand van
de kiezers on 4 November,
2004. Hans Wansink is
parliamentary journalist for
De Volkskrant.
NFA Members are kindly requested to send details about developments in their scholarly
career or personal life that they think might be of interest to other (former) NIAS Fellows. In
addition we would like to draw your attention to a number of ‘missing’ NFA members
(Professor Stanely E. Seashore; Professor Bernhard Dahm; Professor M.O.A. Durojaiye and
Professor Richard Price). If you have any information on the whereabouts of these Fellows
we would greatly appreciate hearing from you. Please send your information to
[email protected].
46
Workshops and Conferences
July 2004 - December 2004
8-10 September
Conference on the Quality of Young Democracies
(Stellenbosch University, NIAS)
16-18 September
Conference on the Comparative History of Useful and Reliable Knowledge
(Leiden University)
27-28 September
Workshop NERDI
(NIWI)
29-30 September
Workshop on Digital Women’s Lexicon
(Utrecht University)
20 October
Course in Fundamentals of the Humanities
(Utrecht University)
22-23 October
Study Centre on the Internationalisation of the Law
(NWO)
28 October
Workshop of the Dutch Foundation for Literature
(Dutch Foundation for Literature)
1-2 November
Planning Session on Restricted Linguistic Systems as Windows
on Language Genesis
(NIAS)
12 November
Conference on “Urbanisatie en Stadscultuur in de Lage Landen”
(NWO)
Conference on the Quality of Young
Democracies (from left to right:
Hans-Dieter Klingemann, Meindert
Fennema, Bernard Lategan, Wouter
Hugenholtz, Jörn Rüsen, Rudy
Andeweg)
47
17-18 November
Workshop on Learning and Evolution
(University of Amsterdam)
16-17 December
Planning Session on Enlightenment in Europe
(NIAS)
NIAS Seminars and Lectures
October 2004 - January 2005
7 October
Atlantic Exchange in History
Wolfgang Reinhard,
Universität Freiburg
21 October
Israeli/Palestinian - Arab/Jew. The
Archaeology of a Conflict
Esther Benbassa, École Pratique
des Hautes Études, Sorbonne
11 November
Evidence-based Psychotherapy in Anxiety
Disorders: From Couch to Virtual Reality
Exposure
Paul Emmelkamp,
University of Amsterdam
18 November
The Rationality of Violence, Terror and War
Michael Howard,
2 December
“Much as potatoes in a sack form a sack
of potatoes”. Peasantries and famines (in
Europe in the mid 19th century).
Eric Vanhaute,
Ghent University
16 December
The Concept of ‘Sustainability’ and
Sustainable Innovation
René Jorna,
University of Groningen
13 January
Jelle Zijlstra Lecture 3: Germany’s Stalling
Economic Engine: How to get it running
again
Horst Siebert,
Institut für Weltwirtschaft, Kiel
27 January
How different is human behavior across
cultures, and how alike?
Ype Poortinga,
University of Tilburg
NIAS/NFA Newsletter, Number 33, Fall 2004
NIAS, Wassenaar 2004/7
Contributions and comments can be sent to the
editorial committee, attn. Kathy van Vliet-Leigh,
email: [email protected].
Design and lay-out by Guusje Thorbecke, Amsterdam
Printed by De Bink, Leiden
© NIAS 2004. No part of this publication may be
reproduced in any form by print, photoprint,
microfilm or any other means without written
permission from the publisher.

33 news (A4) - NIAS

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