grand lake - Lake Improvement

grand lake
st. marys
The Restoration of a Canal Lake
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Complied by Joanna E. Vlliles
State Lands Planner, OORS
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OHIO DEPARTMENT OF
NATURAL RESOURCES
Fountain Square
Columbus, Ohio 43224
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George V. Voinovich, Governor
Francis S. Buchholzer, Director
Office of Real Estate and Land Management
Ohio Department of Natural Resources
Fountain Square,. Bldg. G-2
Columbus, Ohio 43224
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION
PAGE
Introduction.
1
History of the Region and the Lake.
History
Archaeology
Environment & Socio-Demographics
Initial Recreational Development
State Park Development. . . • • • •
General Background on the Park
Corps of Engineers Report
Lake Management Plan
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Priorities . . . • • . . . .. . .. . . . . .. . . . .. .. . .. .. . . . .
Phase I
Priority Projects Listed by Category
capital Improvements Allocated
Cost Estimates
Auxiliary Projects Begun (SliCD)
Initiated Phase II - Planning
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Phase I I
Priority Projects Established
Auxiliary Projects - Status
capital Improvements Requested
Additional Phases
Projections of Future,Projects
Alternative Design Concepts Explored for Lake
Area Problems
Progress Report of SWCD
Results
GLSM as a Model for State(s)
Conclusion. • . . • • . •
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Results of Management Planning, Thus Far
Projects Results
As a Tool for Lake Restoration Summarized
List of All Benefitting Factors
Appendix. • • • .
Bibliography
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TABLE OF MAPS
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PHOTOGRAPHS
TITLES
PAGE
Windy Point. Photo courtesy of J. Balfour
of the Celina Chamber of Commerce . . . . .
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Southern West Bank prior to development.
by ODNR staff, 1980 . .
5
Photo
Grand Lake St. Marys Master Plan. ODNROffice of outdoor Recreation Services, 1975
SA
GLSM Lake Zoning Plan. OONR - Office of
OUtdoor Recreation Services, 1983.
5B
Wildlife Refuge Area. Aerial photo by
OONR staff, 1984 . •
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GLSM Lake Management Plan - Schematic.
OONR-Office of OUtdoor Recreation Services, 1985 . . • • "
13A
Existing Water-Related Resources Problems.
Plan by OONR-Office of OUtdoor Recreation Services
from information provided by the U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers, Louisville District, 1982. . .
17A
State Park Campground.
22A
Photo by OONR staff, 1987
East Bank Launch Facility.
Chickasaw Spoil Site.
OONR staff, 1984
Photo by OONR staff, 1987 .
22A
Aerial photo by
25
Site of the last oil derrick. Photo courtesy of
R. Wallace, State Park Manager • • .
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Phase I - Recreational Development Plans.
OONR-Office of Outdoor Recreation Services, 1984 . . . • . .
28A
Phase I - Shore Protection and Dredge Disposal
Sites. ODNR-Office of Outdoor Recreation Services, 1984 . .
28B
The Southern Shore of Grand Lake St. Marys.
Aerial Photo by OONR staff, 1984 • . .' •
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West Bank Launch Ramps.
37
Windy Point Extension.
Photo by ODNR staff, 1987.
Photo by ODNR staff, 1987
The Lighthouse. Photo courtesy of J. Balfour of
the Celina Chamber of Commerce . . . . . .
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This report was made possible through the combined efforts of a number of
individuals and agencies.
The Ohio Department of Natural Resources wishes to thank the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers, Louisville District, for their indepth analysis and recommendations for Grand Lake st. Marys.
The Department would also like to thank
the Lake Development Corporation and the Lake Improvement Association for
their support and assistance in working with the state and federal agencies as
well as with the local communities.
Finally, the Department wishes to thank the community leaders and the
citizens of Celina, st. Marys, Coldwater, and Montezuma for their support and
cooperation.
To receive more information or updates on the Grand Lake st. Marys state
Park progress, please write to:
Michael D. Craden, Ph.D., 'Chief
Office of Outdoor Recreation Services
Ohio Department of Natural Resources
Fountain Square, Bldg. G-2
Columbus, Ohio 43224
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INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this report is to document the planning, Jc:vclcpml!Jll,
overall restoration of Grand Lake St. Marys.
From the time i t '''as designated
as a state park, many demands have been made to develop more facilities and to
"clean up" the lake.
In an effort to do just that, the Ohio Department of
Natural Resources (ODNR) has been working to produce long-term results by
enlisting state and local government sup?ort, community involvement, and
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support agencies assistance .
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historical overview, 2) the state park development which includes the Lake
The following information has been divided into four sections: 1) a
Management Plan, 3} the priority projects as grouped into separate phases,
4} the conclusion.
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HISTORY OF THE REGION AND THE LAKE
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HISTORY
The area in and around Grand Lake St. Marys State Park played an important part in the development of the Northwest Territory.
The st.
served as a vital link between the Great Lakes and the Ohio River.
Marys River
Because of
the heavy river traffic, the renegades Simon and James Girty established a
trading post, which was eventually to evolve into the town of st. Marys.
General "Mad" Anthony Wayne passed through the area during the Revolutionary
War, and some of his men returned here to make their homes.
The lake was constructed between 1837 and 1841 as a feeder reservoir for
the Miami-Erie Canal System.
Until the construction of Hoover Dam in Nevada,
Grand Lake was the largest man-made lake in the world.
Seventeen hundred men
worked from sunrise to sunset for as little as 30 cents a day and a jigger of
whiskey (thought to prevent malaria) to construct the reservoir.
The lake
once supported a commercial fishing industry, and barrels of fish were shipped
to markets up and down the canal.
The canal era itself was short-lived; much of the business was taken over
by the rapidly growing railroads.
However, the area experienced another boom
in the late 1890s when oil was discovered.
with oil derricks.
For a time the lake was dotted
Today a pile of rocks near the center of the lake marks
the spot of the last producing well.
In 1913 the canal system was abandoned as a means of transportation, and
in 1930 the lake was transferred from the Department of Public Works to the
Department of Conservation (now known as the Department of Natural Resources)
for recreational purposes.
The lake is approximately 13,500 acres with an average depth of 7-8 feet.
The rectangular-shaped reservoir averages over 2 miles by 8 miles of shoreline
with extensive wetland areas along the southern shoreline.
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ARCHAEOLOGY
Recent studies in the area have turned up no archaeological sites telling
us about the area prior modern times, however, undocumented reports of
possible sites have been indicated in and around Celina and st.
Marys.
Historical and architectural sites have been documented numbering 248.
In all
of these, four are listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
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The Grand Lake region was once a part of the Teays River Valley and
consisted largely of poorly-drained swamp and swamp-like areas.
During the
glacial age, the Wabash Moraine was formed which created a northern boundary
to these wetlands.
Evidence of one to four feet of undecomposed over
decomposed organic matter was found beneath the layers of silt deposits which
confirmed the environment of the area prior to the lake's construction.
The bedrock of the region was discovered to be mainly limestone and
dolomite.
Quarry operations began in areas where the bedrock is closest to
the surface throughout Auglaize and Shelby Counties.
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ENVIRONMENT & SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHICS
The relatively flat to gently rolling topography offered settlers a
perfect landscape for farming.
Once the forests were cleared away, farming
became the major industry in this region.
With the creation of the lake came
the business of manufacturing due to the abundance of water and fuel and easy
access through the area by the railroad.
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The industrial districts of both
Celina and st. Marys began locating along the east-west railroad lines which
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connected these cities to the major cities across the country.
increase of manufacturing, sales and service industries, the percentage of
small, family-operated farms declined.
still largely cultivated.
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INITIAL RECREATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
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The economy of the area switched from
agriculture to manufacturing even though the watershed area of the lake is
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With the
By the time the Department of Natural Resources took over the lake to
establish the Grand Lake St. Marys State Park, little shoreline property was
held in public trust.
Much that was not privately owned was inaccessible or
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unacceptable for recreational facilities development.
Few public facilities
existed other than the commercial ventures which promoted boating and fishing
along the lakefront.
As a way to increase public access to the lake the
department began to create land base along the public roads on the east and
west shores by dredging the lake bottom and impounding the spoil.
This was
the start of the plan to develop the state park prior to the master planning
process.
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S'l'A'rK-PARK OEVEL0 PMENT
The lak e had many problems beside the need for better ac e c :>:> ; :>o mc (j f
whi c h continue to exist.
However, major effort toward solving these
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i s currently under study and the problems are in the process of being
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corrected.
This section will
ex~lain
some of the initiatives proposed in the
u.s. Army Corps of Engineers report and the master and management plans, as
well as offer solutions, both potential and conclusive, as the process for
restoring the lake continues.
The following is the opening section of the Corps Report which
the purpose and scope of the study.
eA~lains
The complete study is not included in
this report but can be reviewed upon request through the ODNR Office of
Outdoor Recreation Services or through the Louisville District Office of the
Corps of Engineers.
Immediately following the Corps Report excerpts, the Lake Management Plan
for Grand Lake st. Marys can be found.
Southern West Bank prior to development.
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GRAND LAKE ST. MARYS STATE PARK
MASTER PLAN
The Master Plan Package was completed In the mid-70's, prior to the Corps of Engineers Study.
()wever, the concept of developing dredge spoil sites In areas which would protect sensitive habitat was
ready b~I'\Q Implemented as demonstrated at the ChlcJ'""\saw Site.
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CORPS OF ENGINEERS REPORT
Purpose and Authority
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Because of the almost yearly flooding experienced in the Grand Lake
st. Marys, Ohio area and because of the threat of flooding of agricultur-
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al areas and lake shores, the Congress, at the request of State and local
interests through their representatives, authorized a study, by Section
217 of the Flood control Act of 1970 (Title II, Public Law 91-611, approved 31 December 1970) for flood control and allied purposes including
channel and major drainage improvements.
This report incorporates the results of an interim study which
evaluates the water and related land resources problems of the Grand Lake
st. Marys, Ohio area.
The study was initiated in Fiscal Year 1979
(December 1979).
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This study was confined to evaluating the advisability and economic
feasibility of providing flood control and related water and land resource improvements in the vicinity of Grand Lake St. Marys, Ohio.
Existing studies, published data, interviews, and field reconnaissance
information were used extensively as sources of information in preparing
the report.
The overall aim of the study was to analyze water resource
problems and the potential for solving such problems.
investigated in an attempt to resolve the area's water resources problems
after considering all factors, including those expressed by concerned
agencies, the State of Ohio, and local interests.
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Alternatives were
Current cost-benefit analysis was utilized to evaluate measures
potentially available for Corps participation, i.e., flood control.
Cost
effectiveness, impacts and trade-off analysis were utilized in evaluating
and displaying other measures not lending themselves to cost-benefit
analysis.
On these measures, i.e., water quality, sedimentation and
erosion, stage 2 was to conclude with a presentation and evaluation of
alternatives from which local, regional, and state interests may select
and implement.
study Participation and Coordination
A news release announcing initiation of the study was issued to the
appropriate news media in December, 1978.
Prior to the official news
release, initial briefing sessions and coordination were effected with
the Ohio Department of Natural Resources on 21 November 1978; and with
local officials, private interests and concerned citizens on 22 November
1978, for the purpose of introduction, general discussion of study efforts and problem areas, exchange of information and to obtain views
concerning the study_
The following agencies and organizations were
contacted and have provided input to the study:
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Federal
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Soil Conservation Service
Environmental Protection Agency
National Park Service
Fish and Wildlife Service
Geological Survey
State
Department of Natural Resources
Environmental Protection Agency
Department of Health
Department of Administrative Services
Division of Public Works
County
Mercer County Commissioners
Auglaize County Commissioners
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City/Village
Celina, Ohio
Coldwater, Ohio
st. Marys, Ohio
Montezuma, ohio
Organizations
Lake Development Corporation
Lake Improvement Association
A locally sponsored public meeting was held on 25 April 1979 in Celina,
Ohio, at which the Louisville District was invited to make a presentation on
study background, problems and needs, study efforts, coordination efforts,
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expectations, and to solicit information, confirmation of study issue, and
views on study emphasis and participation.
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This meeting was attended by
approximately 55 persons comprised of local, state and Congressional officials, representatives of Chambers of Commerce, private interests and the
general public.
other studies
1.
Wabash River Basin Comprehensive Study, Wabash River Coordinating
Committee, Appendix A-M, June, 1971.
This study discussed the Grand Lake St. Marys area in terms of a cursory
consideration of water and related land and institutional problems and coneluded that the determination of solutions were beyond the scope and resources
of the Wabash Comprehensive Study.
The report recommended that "a detailed
study be made to determine what measures should be undertaken to restore and
enhance Grand Lake and its related and tributary areas as a viable natural
resource."
2.
Grand Lake Regional Sewer System Facilities Plan, Finkbeiner,
Pettis, Strout, June, 1977.
This report presents valuable background information on social, economic,
environmental, and water quality aspects of the study area plus a sewerage
system facilities plan for Celina, St. Marys, and portions of Mercer and
Auglaize Counties.
3.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
1975.
st. Marys, National Eutrophication Survey.
Report on Grand Lake
Working Paper No. 411.
This report develops information on nutrient sources, concentrations, and
impact on the lake as a basis for formulating management practices relating to
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point-source discharge reduction and non-point source pollution abatement in
the lake watershed.
4.
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Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife.
LAKE
ST. MARYS AND ITS MANAGEMENT, by Clarence F. Clark, 1960.
The report, .although
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over 20
years old, contains a wealth of informa-
tion on the study area and its physical, chemical, and biological problems,
most of which are still pertinent.
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The study was basically an effort to com-
pile available data concerning the fisheries of the lake's past, present, and
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future use in developing a fisheries program for this recreational area.
5.
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U.S. Geological Survey.
Limnology of Selected Lakes in Ohio, Water
Resources Investigations 77-105, 1975.
This report is the result of a reconnaissance to gather baseline data,
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particularly water quality sampling, useful in appraising and managing Ohio's
lakes.
6.
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Grand Lake st. Marys was one of seventeen Ohio lakes studied.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Grand Lake st. Marys, Ohio, Environmental Study.
July, 1979.
This report was prepared by WAPORA, INC., Cincinnati, Ohio under contract
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with the Louisville District Corps of Engineers.
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The report provides an
assessment of the environmental resources and a discussion of environmental
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problems of Grand Lake St. Marys and the area surrounding it in Mercer and
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Auglaize Counties, Ohio.
The report describes various aspects of the existing
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environment, environmental problems and hazard areas, possible solutions for
existing identifiable problems, and environmental impacts of possible alterna-
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tives.
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7.
Fish and Wildlife Report, U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and
Wildlife Service, 17 August 1979.
This is a preliminary report prepared under the authority of and in
accordance with provisions of the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act and in
compliance with the intent of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969.
The report compiles existing information on the fish and wildlife resources of
the Grand Lake St. Marys, Ohio study area; discusses historical, current and
future potential impacts on these resources due to identified water and landrelated resources problems and needs; make recommendations for improving the
resource base; identifies and recommends additional stndies that address data
deficiencies.
8.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
Development, Assessment and Evalua-
tion of Water and Related Land Resources Alternatives.
st. Marys, Ohio.
Grand Lake
November, 1979.
This report was prepared by GAl Consultants, Inc., Monroeville, PA.,
under contract with the Louisville District Corps of Engineers.
The main
report and supporting technical appendix develops, assesses, and evaluates
alternatives that address certain water and related land resources problems in
the Grand Lake st. Marys, Ohio study area.
Principal investigations were
centered around lake water quality and erosion problem categories.
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LAKE MANAGEMENT PLAN
Introduction
The Army Corps of Engineers began coordination with ODNR on November
21, 1978, and with local officials, private interest groups and concerned
citizens November, 22, 1978.
A series of meetings to review and comment on the study have been
conducted since the beginning of the project.
- Public meeting April 25, 1979, in Celina.
- Public meeting with Lake Development Corporation
November 6, 1980.
- Meeting in Columbus with ODNR representatives
and members of Lake Development Corporation on
March 16, 1982, concerning specific problems and
status of Lake Management Plan.
- On site meeting with rep!esentatives of the
Southshore Sportsman Club to investigate specific problem areas on the lake.
ODNR felt it necessary to further investigate the problems as outlined in
the completed Army Corps of Engineers Report.
The Office of Outdoor Recre-
ation Services, through the development of a Lake Management Plan, reviewed
the problems and proposed potential solutions in this first conceptual phase .
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The three ( 3 ) ma j o r water r e s o ur c e
wer e :
~/ater)
1)
'date r Quality (smelly, cl o udy, murky
2)
Erosion & Se dimentat ion ( s i ltation and turb i dity)
3)
Floodin g (damage to property und wildl ife Il iJ !.Ji Lc!I)
These problems directly affected the recreati o nal
pa t ~ n ~ i 2 l
st . Marys, for all sta tistics ind ica t ed t hat this facility wa s
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under-
utilized in comparison with other state lakes.
Grand Lake St. Marys, at one time, was a very s uc cessful fishery.
Se vere
droughts and increased water quality problems reduced the fish population
a~d
has introduced a less desirable fish sp'=!cies.
Although the Division of Wil d life has tried to improve the fishing habitat, the present water quality problems have had a limiting e ffect
fishery.
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PROPOSED
ISLAND DEVELOPMENT
WEST BANK DEVELOPMENT
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PROPOSED
WINDY POINT DEVELOPMENT
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PRIMITiVE CAMPINQ "AlA
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PICNIC AREA.'
PROPOSI!D
SHOREUNE
PROTECTION
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WILDLlFf! ISLANOS
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LAKE MANAGEMENT PLAN
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SCHEMATIC
The curlt long term plan as of 1985. This plan WII~,e updated as the management plan Is ImPlwnted.
Goals and Objectives of Lake Management Plan
Upon reviewing the Corps report, and with the input of local citizens,
private interest groups and local officials, the Department of Natural Resources developed the following goals and objectives to obtain the desired
Lake Management Plan for Grand Lake St. Marys:
Goals
To provide a plan for the long-term management of the water related
resources of Grand Lake st. Marys, which would aide the Department of
Natural Resources in enhancing and developing the park to its fullest
potential.
To identify feasible solutions to present problems and long-term improvements to the water quality, wildlife habitats and recreational potential
of Grand Lake St. Marys.
To provide a lake management plan which would be utilized in the implementation of solutions, and be evaluated, monitored and revised as the
situation demanded.
Objectives
To increase visitation and provide additional recreation facilities and
establish or enlarge skiing zones as needed.
Maintain dredging operations while creating a prioritized comprehensive
plan for implementing the desired operations.
To protect against shoreline, channel and island erosion by utilizing a
variety of erosion protection methods.
To implement the most feasible solution for upgrading the water quality.
To suggest alternative solutions to the flooding problems at the park and
surrounding areas.
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*Major Resource Problems (In order of priority)
Erosion and Sediment Problems - 1st Priority
1)
cause
Farm Drainage Erosion
sheet erosion of agricultural fields within the lake's watershed contribute a considerable amount of suspended silt and
chemicals to the lake.
effect
these suspended silt deposits reduce water quality through
sedimentation and shallowing of the lake, which greatly affect
the aquatic plant communities and fish species.
likewise the turbidity of the shallow waters and the offensive
odors have greatly detracted from the potential recreational
values of a lake this size.
potential
solutions
A number of conservation farm practices presently endorsed by
the Soil Conservation Service should be implemented where
applicable to reduce the amount of sediment runoff.
Examples - strip cropping
- terracing
- minimum or no tillage practices
- erosion control structures
- stream protection
- sod waterways and grass buffer strips
- winter crop cover, etc.
*Based on the
u.s.
Army Corps of Engineers findings, May, 1981.
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2)
Streambank Erosion (Coldwater, Buntwood, Chickasaw's)
vegetation removal along strearnbanks which enter the lake
cause
agricultural plowing up to stream bank (no buffer zone)
agricultural field drainage systems
increase sediment load of suspended silt, dissolved solids and
effect
chemicals into the lake, affecting water quality.
potential
solutions
erosion control measures, either vegetation or man-made
grass waterways, diversion ditches
encourage buffer areas along stream banks
3)
cause
Lake Shoreline Erosion (southern shoreline)
shallowness of the lake and expansive, unobstructed lake surface create a wind set-up and extensive wave action against an
unprotected shoreline.
boat wake attack
seasonally high water and winter ice damage
increases flooding damage, erodes shoreline property, suspend-
effect
ing sediment (turbidity) lowers water quality.
potential
solutions
construct breakwater devices (islands, rubblemounds)
erosion control structures, either man-made or vegetative along
severely eroded shoreline areas
maintain a wider no wake zone in areas of severe erosion
4)
cause
Channel Erosion (identify those with high erosion)
shallow depths and boat traffic increase wave scour and prop
wash
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increases sedimentation, erodes highly susceptible channel
effect
edges, increases turbidity and maintenance dredging for recreational purposes
potential
solutions
use existing vegetation (fallen trees) as natural shoreline
protection
create siltation traps where streams enter channels to reduce
silt deposits and their shallowing affect
5)
Island Erosion (identify areas)
ice, wind and wave action
cause
unprotected shoreline
effect
decreases size of the island, exposing previously protected
embayments to increased erosion which decreases wildlife habitat.
potential
solutions
utilize erosion control measures, rip-rap, establish vegetative
barriers, especially on the most exposed shoreline, N & W
increased size of island and substantially build up outer edge
dike
6)
Dredge Spoil
cause
unprotected dredge rows and spoil sites
effect
increases sedimentation and turbidity
potential
solution
protect dredge rows and dikes with erosion control measures,
with an emphasis on the most exposed shorelines
establish through seeding a vegetative cover
-17-
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EXISTING WATER-RELATED RESOURCES PROBLEMS
This plan provides a good view of existing conditions and Illustrates the crucial areas of fish
& wildlife habitat.
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Water Quality - 2nd Priority
causes
Eutrophication of lake due to human and animal waste.
(Human
waste is from the use of septic tanks in unsuited areas along
the southern shoreline; animal waste is from livestock waste
runoff, and waterfowl.)
Surrounding crop lands contribute nutrients and sediments to
the lake through runoff and erosion.
Agricultural and rural
land are the largest source of phosphorus loads, 62.9\ with
animal feedlots another 22.6\
Nutrient rich lake caused massive algae blooms which are indirectly or directly related to taste and odor problems.
These
problems interfere with the recreation and water supply uses of
the lake.
Erosion of streambanks, shorelines, channels and islands all
contribute sediments causing turbidity and phosphorus-bound
particles.
Beaver Creek - the only flow into Beaver Creek during the dry
periods is the effluent from Celina's wastewater treatment
plant.
This results in serious water quality problems for the
creek; low levels of suspended solids and nutrient concentrations.
effects
Recreational use - boating, fishing, skiing, and swimming
The lake is the water supply for City of Celina; odor and taste
complaints are frequent.
Increase siltation and algae blooms resulting in declining
water quality.
-18-
Turbidity impacts the lake; preventing successful development
of fish eggs and larvae, modifying natural movements of fish,
reducing food available to fish, inhibits penetration of sunlight thus water temperatures increase.
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Flood Problems & Damages - 3rd Priority
1)
cause
areas
wave runup (setup) causes pending and erosion behind riprapped
shoreline and walls
the following combination of factors contribute to the major
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cause of flooding problems and damages
- the rectangular shape of the lake and high unobstructed
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winds create a damaging wave action condition, combined
with a wind setup of 2+' on the southern or leeward shore
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lower elevations of developed areas
high water table causes wide spread flooding in depressed (low)
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Lake Shore Flooding - Southern Shoreline
areas
effect
high rate of shoreline erosion even in undeveloped areas
costly damages to existing developed areas (residential &
cormnercial)
some loss of wildlife habitat
potential
solutions
establish a higher elevation design level for future residential and commercial development along the southern shoreline.
Although the state has no jurisdiction over private land, we
can advise and push for local zoning regulations for future
11'
-19-
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development, to reduce the property damages caused by the
natural elements
the existing, expansive, unobstructed wind conditions need to
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be modified, to lessen the winds force in setting up the waves
& to dissipate the wave action before it reaches the shore
this might be accomplished by creating islands, utilizing
dredge material
various breakwater devices could be utilized, whether fixed or
removable
Note:
Before any devices are used we would recommend an investigation
of all potential solutions.
possible
solutions
Agricultural Source Controls
- Require controlling loss of sediment from cultivated lands
through the use of soil conservation tillage techniques -
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recommend S.C.S. continue to convince farmers to utilize
these practices.
SCS Conservation practices include:
- Delayed Plowing and Residue Management
- Cover or Green Manure Crops
- No-Till Planting
- Mintmum Tillage
Livestock Waste Management
- Methods are available in Ohio Livestock Waste Management
Guide.
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- If pollutant discharges could be eliminated, a 23% reduction in the animal nutrient input can be realized.
This
could result in a reduction of phosphorus loading rates
which would aide in achieving mesotrophic conditions in
the lake.
2)
overview
Beaver Creek Flooding
Grand Lake St. Marys has two outflow points, one on the east
bank and one on the west bank.
The east bank floodgate is to supply enough water to the Miami
& Erie Canal feeder and is controlled by the Division of Public
Works, supplying water to the City of st. Marys.
The west bank floodgate is the only real outfall for the entire
lake.
The present outfall system enters the Beaver Creek which
is a tributary to the Wabash River.
The Beaver Creek is susceptible to flooding because of its low
gradient, its sediment filled channel and because of its restricted flow due to excessive debris and vegetative growth.
Normal outflow releases are accommodated by the floodgate
culverts and are regulated to ensure that the Beaver Creek will
not flood.
During high precipitation and runoff periods water
will flow over the west bank spillway.
Therefore, this uncon-
trolled excess flow causes the Beaver Creek to flood adjacent
agricultural fields.
The question of improper regulation of the lake levels were
thoroughly investigated by the Corps.
-21-
Recognizing the need to accommodate a certain amount of winter
and spring runoff and the need to attain recreation pool
(870.75 elev.) for the user season the Corps felt that present
fluctuations and drawdowns were appropriate.
As mentioned previously, the east bank floodgate is regulated
and controlled by the Division of Public Works.
Therefore,
increased water releases during flooding periods at this point
are not likely.
In addition, the Miami & Erie canal at high
flows will automatically release excess water into the St.
Marys River which in the spring is usually near flood stage.
Flooding in this area would affect a great number of people and
monetary damages would be higher than that of the Beaver
Creek.
In conclusion, we concur with the assessment made by the U.S.
solutions
Army Corps of Engineers' report.
The Beaver Creek channel
should be cleared and cleaned, this being the most cost effective measure for reducing flood damages to agricultural
fields.
GENERAL NEEDS
Recreation Needs
1
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The recreational needs of Grand Lake st. Marys was studied several years
ago and a recommendation plan was completed and agreed upon.
tion plan included:
300 additional picnic units
- 10 additional group camp units
- 45 additional camp units
- 2-4 additional launch ramp lanes
-22-
The recommenda-
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Beyond the development of additional recreational facilIties at t~e pa~~ .
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the major problems previously identified must be solved.
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of Engineers' Survey Report identifies Grand Lake St. Marys as an
lized recreation area.
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Underutilization was determin0d by [}
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average lake visitation to the surface areas at Grand Lake anc at several
recreation areas within a 60 mile driving radius (i.e., Lake Loramie).
The
three major problems, water quality, erosion and sedimentation, and flood
problems have and continue to create massive difficulties with existing and
potential recreation.
Water Quality is a detriment to a majority of the recreational
activities which occur at the lake.
Smelly, cloudy and murky water
does nothing to encourage visitors to swim or boat on the lake.
- Erosion and Sedimentation cause shallowness, siltation and submerged
obstacles (i.e., tree trunks), which interfere with boating as well
as swimming.
Flood Problems result in damages to launch ramps, marina areas,
docks and piers.
We believe that if the lake is free of these problems, attendance will
increase tremendously.
An increase in attendance would require additic·r.al
recreation facilities and acquisition or creation of more land.
At the present, the existing ski zones are adequate for the current
users.
Any increase in attendance may require expansion of the ski zones or
delineation of other areas on the lake for boaters to ski in.
Expansion of
existing ski zones might invclve removal of existing stumps, or other possible
obstacles and dredging to deepen a shallow area.
Before any recommendations
as to the extent of expansion or amount of water surface acreage to delineate
J
for safe skiing for boaters can be defined, the problems identified must be
-23-
solved.
As
water quality improves and visitation numbers increase, boater
user statistics should be monitored to determine zoning expansion needs of
existing zoned areas.
Fish and Wildlife Needs
Grand Lake st. Marys at one time was a successful fishery.
Severe
droughts caused the lake level to fall, heavy fish kills occurred and the fish
population began to change to a less desirable species.
Since the 1930s the
Division of Wildlife has tried to improve the fishing habitat and have been
successful, although it doesn't compare to the original fishery.
The present
water quality problems have had a limiting effect on the fishery.
Until the
water quality is improved, it is doubtful the desired fishery can be obtained,
however, the habitat and spawning areas are enhanced.
The fluctuating water
levels which occur at the lakes result in the disruption of fish and wildlife
habitats and wetlands.
Creating protected areas for wildlife and fish habi-
tats is one of the objectives of the Lake Management Plan.
These areas would
be multi-purpose areas, serving as dredge spoil sites, protecting shoreline
from erosion, providing additional needed acreage and creating great habitat
areas for fish and wildlife.
-24-
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CRITERIA FOR LOCATING/SITING MAINTENANCE DREDGE SPOIL SITES
- an established, historical need for a long-term
maintenance spoil site (based on documented ~ark
dredging records)
- an area where boat access pressure would require
frequent dredging.
- an area where there are no existing spoil sites
or where existing spoil sites are near capacity.
- the expansion of an island which provides breakwater shoreline protection or is threatened by
existing island erosion.
- to provide wind and wave protection to identified wetland areas or the enhancement of an
existing wetland.
reduce existing shoreline erosion and flooding.
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- to expand upon an existing land base for potential, future recreational develop~ent.
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DATA SHEET
west spillway elevation
8'10.75
water surface elev. & wind action
(shore flooding begin s )
,
average increase over rule
(expected level over normal pool)
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Wind setup (60 mph)
2.0'
Wind driven wave action (60 mph)
2.6'
5.6'
E1.
design level
876.35'
normal pool elevation
870.75
drawdown (8-12") elevation
862.75 - 858.75
-26-
•
PRIORITY PROJECTS
The following is a detailed list of priority projects which were grouped
into a series of phases.
Phase I of the long-range plans for Grand Lake St.
Marys State Park was completed in the summer of 1987.
Plans for phase II and
so forth will follow the same procedures as the first with regards to funding,
design, engineering, and construction contracting.
The following project development categories were proposed to ensure that
immediate and future recreational and resource management needs were given
adequate funding consideration.
Individual projects within each category were
prioritized according to highest need.
Recreational Development
Dredging Projects
Shoreline Erosion Protection
PRIORITIZATION OF PHASE I DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
The 1984-85 Capital Improvements Bill included $3.3 million for Grand
Lake st. Marys under the following categories:
West Bank boat access & picnic area
East Bank day use boat dock area
Dredging Projects
Shoreline Protection
$
450,000
100,000
2,700,000
500,000
These figures were determined by the Chief Engineer's Office for the
proposed projects in Phase I.
Although the figures were not precise, they
served as rough estimates for the biennial ODNR Capital Improvements budget
proposal as part of the total state budget package.
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Once the state budget was approved, this project was allocated the money
as requested above for further design and development.
on the proposed capital improvements plan are funded.
(Note:
not all items
This is dependent upon
the state budget during the next fiscal year.)
Recreational Facilities Development
1.
west Bank Boat Access & Picnic Area
The West Bank was created from dredge spoil and needed years to
settle.
Once it was determined to be stable enough for development,
plans for the fishing and picnic area were started.
The northern section
of the West Bank was less stable, however, it was capable of supporting
facilities with additional site work.
This was to be the site of the
small boat harbor and the launch ramp facility.
This boat access area
was designed to contain the following:
4-lane launch ramp with courtesy dock
111 car/trailer parking spaces
fishing access (10 car spaces)
catamaran beach area
boat refuge harbor
The purpose of locating this facility on the north end of the West Bank
was based on the site configuration and its proximity to the City of Celina.
The west side of the lake was in need of a safe harbor for small boats to
weather storms.
Also, as was determined in the preceding studies, access at
the west side of the lake was in great demand.
The shoreline fishing and picnic area was to contain:
80 car parking spaces
50 picnic sites
1 vault restroom
1 drinking fountain
BOAT ACCE SS
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EAST lANK DAY USE IOAT DOCKS AND HANDlCAPltED FISHINQ ACCesS
EAST BANK
PHASE I
RECREATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
WEST BANK
2!
SPOIL SITE SHORE
PROTECTION PROJECT
/'
SPOIL SITE PROJECT FOR
DREDGE DISPOSAL AND
SHORE PROTECTION
ASE OF THE EXTENSION TO SAFETY ISLAND
0'
LETION
THE FINAL PHASE WILL RESULT IN ADDmONAL PARK
FOR RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES.
'INDY POINT PROJECT IS THE FIRST STEP IN THE MANAGEMENT PLAN.
288
The site for this facility was already in use as a fishing area, although
~
it was never fully developed for picnic and fishing access.
2.
East Bank Day-Use Boat Dock Area
Even with the many facilities located along the East Bank, access
for boaters to the existing recreational areas was limited.
temporary tie-up docks was great.
The need for
To meet the demand, five boat docks
with a lO-boat capacity for short-term use of existing facilities were
developed.
They would allow boaters access to picnic and shoreline
fishing areas, shelters, and restroom facilities.
Incorporated into the
design was a handicapped accessible shoreline fishing area.
A
handicapped accessible fishing pier was considered at the West Bank and
may be included in a subsequent phase of development.
Dredging Projects
The problem of determining the highest priority dredge maintenance
projects was solved by the use of data compiled by the Corps of Engineers
and overlaid with information from park personnel.
The Corps report
analyzed the watershed areas and their influence on the lake ecology.
The records compiled by the park office gave accurate frequencies for
periodic maintenance dredging at the mouths of the inflowing streams and
channels.
Areas most affected by sediment deposits and requiring the
highest frequency of maintenance were given top priority.
Bayview Area
This area had the highest priority due to its convenient location as
a potential spoil site for several frequently dredged channels.
The
objectives for this site were as follows:
- re-establish an existing island which has severe
shoreline erosion and provides protection to the
Bayview development area.
- creates a long-term disposal site for five
existing channels which have been dredged a
total of 12 times since 1969.
- rip-rap protection of existing eroded island
shoreline.
- creation of a protected, shallow water embayment
to provide wetland diversity and wildlife habitat.
Windy Point Extension
Windy Point attracted much attention as a means to begin implementing ·the long-term management goals of breaking up the lake, creating
smaller areas of calm water.
The objectives behind the initial extension were:
- the first phase of a project which has been
identified in the Lake Management Plan for
G.L.S.M.
- future development phases consist of land creation through dredging and recreational facility
development (picnic area, beach, shoreline
fishing, etc.)
the extension is one project of several proposed
in an attempt to segment the lake thus accomplishing the following:
*Reduce the lake set-up which causes
personal property damages and island,
shoreline, and wetland erosion along the
lake's southern shoreline.
*Provide calm, deeper water areas fur safer
recreational boating activities.
*Land creation will include wetland development
•
thereby increasing the diversity of wildlife
habitat on the lake.
*Potential land base for increased recreational
development should future needs and demands
justify.
Shoreline Erosion Protection
Along with the use of stone dikes to create and protect the dredge
spoil sites, stone was needed to protect the existing dredge maintenance
site located between the Big and Little Chickasaw Creeks.
The objectives for this site included:
- rip-rap protection of the island's north and
east shoreline so existing erosion does not
jeopardize the future use of this area as a
dredge spoil site.
-31-
- the island also provides protection to the
valuable shallow water embayment and wetland
area.
ADDITIONAL PHASE I INFORMATION
The Mercer County Soil and Water Conservation District had been allocated
$80,000 to cost share with local farmers on pollution abatement projects in
the Chickasaw and Prairie Creek Watersheds.
($30,000 of this total came from
the Pollution Abatement Fund to be used for waste management.)
The main purpose for this project was to begin a continuing program which
would cut down on agricultural runoff.
The program involved such soil con-
servation projects as:
no till farming
grassing along waterways
animal waste containment
cover crops
filter strips
and outlet structures
The long-term affect of this program can greatly increase the water
quality of the water as defined in the Lake Management Plan.
To follow up on the progress of the program, stream monitoring for such
elements as phosphorous, nitrogen, suspended sediment, dissolved oxygen, and
fecal coliform/fecal strep had been discussed with the Division of Soil and
Water Conservation and the Mercer County District Office .
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II
PRIORITIZATION OF PHASE II DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
For the next phase of development, the projects chosen are from the same
categories as phase I: recreational development, dredging projects, and shore
protection.
Included in this phase is the problem of underwater hazards
(stump) removal.
In areas throughout the lake, especially along the southern
shoreline, stumps and other submerged debris has plagued boaters for years.
During seasons of low water, their presence is particularly felt.
A method
for the removal will be investigated fully (for effectiveness, efficiency, and
feasibility) before removal begins.
Thus far, removal has been slow due to
the lack of additional equipment and man power to work on this problem full
time.
Below is the list of projects proposed for Phase II along with some rough
figures by which to gauge the next capital improvements request.
Recreational Facilities Development
1.
West Bank Beach
bathhouse
parking
additional picnic area
sand beach
2.
Campground Renovation
electrification (upgrade)
re-design layout to conform to standards
-33-
Dredge Projects
1.
Prairie Creek Area
- shoreline protection of existing island
- island expansion for increased wind and wave protection of
the valuable, shallow water embayment and wetland habitat.
- creates a long-term maintenance dredging disposal site for
which Prairie Creek has a history of significant siltation
deposits into the lake.
2.
Harmon's Landing Area
- provide a long-term disposal site.
- creation of a protected, shallow water embayment to provide wetland diversity and enhance wildlife habitat.
- protect an existing wetland area.
- re-establish an existing severely eroded island.
3.
Anderson Island Area
- provide a long-term disposal site needed in this area.
- island expansion for increased wind and wave protection of
the valuable, shallow water embayment and wetland habitat.
- re-establish an existing eroded island.
4.
Windy Point Extension
- the second phase of this project (see Phase I).
- a bridge for access/future construction needs.
-34-
Shoreline Er osio n Protection
1.
Prairie Creek Island
- rip -ra p protecti o n o f the islands nort.h
to pr e v e nt fut ure e rosi o n .
This
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wetl a nd and shoreline from ero sion .
2.
f-larmo n s Landing
I
- an existing wetland area is threat e ned by sev ere shoreline
and dike erosion - suggest rip-rap protection.
3.
Anderson Island
- rip-rap protecti o n along channel banks to stabi l ize and
reduce dredging needs al on g these channels.
4.
Windy Point Channels & Shells Channel
- rip-rap protection needed.
-35-
"
ESTIMATED COST OF PHASE II:
Beach Construction
Campground Renovation
Stump Removal
Prairie Creek Spoil Site
Harmon's Landing Spoil Site
Anderson Island Spoil Site
Shoreline, Stream Bank, & Channel Erosion
$
TOTAL
Second Phase of Windy Point Extension to
Safety Island
$4,000,000
750,000
300,000
1,000,000
650,000
400,000
400,000
500,000
$1,100,000
$5,100,000
Upon completion of Phase II, plans will begin for Phase III.
All proj-
ects that are not funded in Phase II will be proposed in this next phase.
Also continued work and support for both the stump removal and pollution
abatement programs will follow in all subsequent phases.
~
ADDITIONAL PHASES
As each new phase is completed, a summary of the work done will be
amended to this document.
It is hard to predict how many phases it will take
to reach the ultimate goal of re-structuring and restoring the lake as discussed in the Lake Management Plan and as shown on the long-range schematic
for Grand Lake st. Marys.
However, if the lake continues to receive monetary
and legislative support over the next 25 years, it is possible that much of
the resource management problems will be under control.
With each successive phase, more effective methods for erosion protection, dredge disposal, and habitat creation will be explored.
This will help
to reduce the costs of projects, such as island creation and stabilization,
which are slated for future development.
-36-
If funding requests for Grand Lake
st.
Mar~'s remain at around $3 mi llion,
it :·;hould aUe ..... ~. i~,:? Ue p (;:'~. ::,cr.t
ma intain the size and diversity of projects for cnch pha se
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economical method s.
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Conclusion
The Lake Management Plan was designed to meet long-term goals and objectives which were not previously considered.
The plan was developed 1) to
ensure and promote the accessibility of the state park to all segments of the
population, 2) to achieve and maintain a high quality recreation resource base
by ensuring that the state's natural resources are protected and used in an
environmentally sound manner, 3) to seek a broad base of input from both the
public and Division personnel in the development and interpretation of policy,
4) determine the highest possible use of the park's resources while maintaining desirable capacity limitations and appropriate use, and 5)
balance
the highest potential use of the park's resources with demand, need, and
economic consideration.
As we see the results of the first phase of development, we can be sure
that the goals can be met.
The development of the recreational facilities
along the East and West Banks are already busy with visitors.
The small boat
harbor has already proven to be beneficial to boaters for both storm refuge
and calm water area for smoother launching and beaching.
The courtesy docks
(at the East Bank) have also aided many boaters providing them with safe tieup areas.
Prior to the docks, boaters would run up next to the shore possibly
causing damage to their boat or equipment.
The creation of the spoil sites at Bayview and Windy Point is a great
first step toward organizing the lake maintenance demands while restoring the
lake's quality.
Also, the shore protection placed along the Chickasaw spoil
site preventing further erosion, allowed us to move ahead instead of behind.
Had that site remained unprotected, it could have been lost eventually - a
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giant step backward.
-38-
The methods used for the creation of the new s poil sites will
erosion that was prevalent at the Chi c kasaw s ite.
The use of the st e ne
will also work well in Phase I I , however, alternr'ltj vcs wi 11 have !n
'H e
begin t o eztend out into the luke;
to bC(jin
1.0
?~ev en t
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As a result of the Phase I progress, we can begin to
~ ce
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the
ji~ c s
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lilk, :.
chiJng~ s
a l re a d y .
Through the efforts of the Soil and Water Conservation Districts, a s well as
proper site planning, it has been said by visitors and park personnel nliKe
that the quality of the lake is improving.
FUrther documentation of mea sur ed
results will be compiled as soon as studies are completed.
- 39 -
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Fish and Wildlife Report, U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife
Service, 17 August 1979.
Grand Lake Regional Sewer System Facilities Plan, Finkbeiner, Pettis, Strout,
June, 1977.
Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife, LAKE ST. MARYS AND
~ ITS MANAGEMENT, by Clarence F. Clark, 1960.
Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Office of Outdoor Recreation Services,
Integrated Management Process, Columbus, Ohio. July, 1983.
u.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Development, Assessment and Evaluation of Water
and Related Land Resources Alternatives. Grand Lake st. Marys, Ohio.
November, 1979. This report was prepared by GAl Consultants, Inc.,
Monroeville, Pennsylvania.
u.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Grand Lake st. Marys, Ohio, Environmental Study.
July, 1979. This report was prepared by WAPORA, INC., Cincinnati, Ohio.
u.S. Army Engineer District. Stage II Interim Report for Flood Control and
Allied Purposes at Grand Lake St. Marys, Ohio. Louisville, Kentucky, May,
1980.
u.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1975. Report on Grand Lake St. Marys,
National Eutrophication Survey. Working Paper No. 411.
u.S. Geological Survey. Limnology of Selected Lakes in Ohio, Water Resources
Investigations 77-105, 1975.
Wabash River Basin Comprehensive Study, Wabash River Coordinating Committee,
Appendix A-M, June, 1971.
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