plant variety protection office guidelines for the conduct of tests for

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Agriculture
BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY
PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION OFFICE
GUIDELINES
FOR THE CONDUCT OF TESTS
FOR DISTINCTNESS, UNIFORMITY AND STABILITY
Table of Contents
1. SUBJECT OF THESE GUIDELINES ……………………………………………….…………………………………………….
2. MATERIAL REQUIRED ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2.3.1 General …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2.3.2 Hybrid varieties …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2.3.3 Panicles …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. METHOD OF EXAMINATION ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
3.1 Duration of Tests ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3.2 Testing Place …………………………………………………….………………………………………….…………………………..
3.3 Conditions for Conducting Examination ………..……………………………………………………………………………
3.3.1 Characteristics on plants or parts of plants to be selected in a particular way …………….
3.3.2 Timing of the examination …………………………………………………………………………...……………………..
3.3.3 Type of observation – visual or measurement …………………………………….………………………
3.4 Test Design ……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………….
3.5 Number of Plants/Parts of Plants to be Examined ……………………………….……………………………...
3.6 Additional Tests ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. ASSESSMENT OF DISTINCTNESS, UNIFORMITY AND STABILITY …………………………………………….……….
4.1 Distinctness ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....
4.1.1 General Recommendation …………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4.1.2 Consistent Differences …………………………………………………………………………………………………….….
4.1.3 Clear Differences ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4.2 Uniformity ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4.2.1 Uniformity assessment by off-types …………………………………………………………...……………………….
4.2.2 Hybrid varieties …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….
4.2.3 Single panicle-rows ……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………..
4.3 Stability ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..….
5. GROUPING OF VARIETIES AND ORGANIZATION OF THE GROWING TRIAL …………………………………….
6. INTRODUCTION TO THE TABLE OF CHARACTERISTICS ………………………………………………………………….
6.1 Categories of Characteristics …………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6.1.1 Standard Test Guidelines Characteristics ……………………………………………………………………………
6.1.2 Asterisked Characteristics ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6.2 States of Expression and Corresponding Notes ……………………………………………………………………..……
6.3 Types of Expression ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6.4 Example Varieties ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6.5 Legend ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. TABLE OF CHARACTERISTICS ………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
8. EXPLANATIONS ON THE TABLE OF CHARACTERISTICS ………………………………………………………………….
9. LITERATURE ………………………………………………………………………………………........................................................
10. TECHNICAL QUESTIONNAIRE ……………………………………………………………………………………….………………..
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1.
Subject of these Guidelines
1.1
2.
These Test Guidelines apply to all varieties of Oryza sativa L.
Material Required
2.1
The competent authorities decide on the quantity and quality of the plant material required for
testing the variety and when and where it is to be delivered. Applicants submitting material
from a Country other than that in which the testing takes place must ensure that all customs
formalities and pytosanitary requirements are complied with.
2.2
The material is to be supplied in the form of seed.
2.3
The minimum quantity of seeds, to be supplied by the applicant, should be:
2.3.1
General:
500 grams
2.3.2
Hybrid varieties:
If requested, an additional 500 grams of seed of each component (A, B and R parental
lines) should be submitted.
2.3.3
Panicles:
If requested by the competent authority, at least 50 panicles should also be
submitted. The panicles should be well-developed and not affected by any pest or disease.
They should contain a sufficient number of viable seeds to establish a satisfactory row of
plants for observation.
3.
2.4
The seed should meet the minimum requirements for germination rate (at least 85%), analytical
purity 1.1%, health and moisture content not greater than 14%. In cases where the seed is to be
stored, the germination capacity should be as high as possible and should be stated by the
applicant.
2.5
The seeds should not have undergone any treatment, which would affect the expression of the
characteristics of the variety, unless the competent authorities allow or request such treatment. If it
has been treated, full details of the treatment must be given.
Method of Examination
3.1
Duration of Tests
The minimum duration of tests should be 2 independent growing cycles (1 wet and 1 dry).
3.2
Testing Place
The tests should normally be conducted in one place. If any characteristic of the variety, which is
relevant for the examination of DUS, cannot be seen in that place, the variety may be tested in an
additional place.
3.3
Conditions for Conducting the Examination
The tests should be carried out under conditions ensuring satisfactory growth for the
expression of the relevant characteristics of the variety and for the conduct of the
examination.
3.3.1
Characteristics on plants or parts of plants to be selected in a particular way
Characteristics containing the following notes in the second column of the Table of
Characteristics should be examined as indicated below:
A Leaf: Unless otherwise indicated, all observation on the leaf should be made on the
penultimateleaf.
3.3.2
Timing of the examination
The optimum stage of development for the assessment of each characteristic is indicated
by a number in the second column of the Table of Characteristics. The stages of
development denoted by these numbers are described at the end of Chapter 8.
3.3.3
Type of observation – visual or measurement
The recommended method of observing the characteristics is indicated by the following
key in the second column of the Table of Characteristics:
MG:
MS:
VG:
VS:
3.4
single measurement of a group of plants or parts of plants measurement of a
number of individual plants or parts of plants
visual assessment by a single observation of a group of plants or parts of
plants
visual assessment by observation of individual plants or parts of plants
Test Design
3.4.1
The design of the tests should be such that plants or parts of plants may be removed
for measurement or counting without prejudice to the observations which must be made up
to the end of the growing cycle.
3.4.2
Each test cycle should be designed to result in a total of at least 400 plants for each
candidate variety, which should be divided into two or more replications.
Single panicle- rows if test on panicle-rows are conducted, at least 20 panicle-rows should be
observed.
3.5
Number of Plants / Parts of Plants to be Examined
Unless otherwise indicated, all observations made on individual plants or determined by
measurement or counting should be made on at least 10 plants or parts taken from each of the 10
plants.
3.6
Additional Tests
3.6.1
4.
In cases where morphological characteristics are insufficient to distinguish candidate
variety, additional tests including phenol test on lemma, DNA finger printing etc. maybe
conducted.
Assessment of Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability
4.1
Distinctness
4.1.1
Recommendation
It is of particular importance for users of this Test Guidelines to consult the General
Introduction prior to making decisions regarding distinctness. However, the following
points are provided for elaboration or emphasis in these Test Guidelines.
4.1.2
Consistent Differences
The minimum duration of tests recommended in section 3.1 reflects, in general, the need
to ensure that any differences in a character are sufficiently consistent.
4.1.3
Clear Differences
Determining whether a difference between two varieties is clear depends on many factors,
and should consider, in particular, the type of expression of the characteristic being
examined, i.e. whether it is expressed in a qualitative, quantitative, or pseudoqualitative manner. Therefore, it is important that users of these Test Guidelines are
familiar with the recommendations contained in the General Introduction prior to making
decisions regarding distinctness.
4.2
Uniformity
It is of particular importance for users of these Test Guidelines to consult the General
Introduction prior to making decisions regarding uniformity. However, the following points
are provided for elaboration or emphasis in these Test Guidelines.
4.2.1
Uniformity assessment by off-types
For the assessment of uniformity of characteristics on the plot as a whole (visual
assessment by a single observation of a group of plants or parts of plants), a population
standard of 0.1% with an acceptance probability of at least 95% should be applied. In the case
of a sample size of 400 plants the maximum number of off- types allowed would be 1.
4.2.2
Hybrid varieties
For the assessment of uniformity of single hybrid, a population standard of 1% with an
acceptance probability of at least 95% should be applied. In the case of a sample size of
400 plants the maximum number of off-types allowed would be 11.
4.2.3
Single panicle-rows
For the assessment of uniformity of characteristics on single panicle-rows, plants or parts
of plants (visual assessment by observations of a number of individual panicle-rows,
plants or parts of plants), a population standards of 1% with an acceptance probability
of at least 95% should be applied. In the case of a sample size of 20 panicles the maximum
number of aberrant panicle-rows, plants or parts of plants should not exceed 1.
4.3
5.
Stability
4.3.1
In practice, it is not usual to perform tests of stability that produce results as certain
as those of the testing of distinctness and uniformity. However, experience has
demonstrated that, for many types of variety, when a variety has been shown to be uniform,
it can also be considered to be stable.
4.3.2
Where appropriate, or in cases of doubt, stability may be tested, either by growing a further
generation, or by testing 500 grams seed or plant stock to ensure it exhibits the same
characteristics as those shown by the previous material supplied.
Grouping of Varieties and Organization of the Growing Trial
5.1
The selection of varieties of common knowledge to be grown in the trial with the candidate varieties
and the way in which these varieties are divided into groups to facilitate the assessment of
distinctness is aided by the use of grouping characteristics.
5.2
Grouping characteristics are those in which the documented states of expression, even when
produced at different locations, can be used, either individually or in combination with other such
characteristics: (a) to select varieties of common knowledge that can be included from the growing
trial used for examination of distinctness; and (b) to organize the growing trial so that similar varieties
are grouped together.
5.3
The following have been agreed as useful grouping characteristics:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
5.4
6.
Basal leaf: sheath color (characteristic no. 1)
Days of heading (50% of plants with heads) (characteristic no. 18)
Culm length (excluding panicle; excludingfloating rice)(characteristic no. 22)
Decorticated grain: length (characteristic no. 49)
Decorticated grain: color (characteristic no. 52)
Endosperm type: (characteristic no. 52)
Guidance for the use of grouping characteristics, in the process of examining distinctness, is provided
through the General Introduction
Introduction to the Table of Characteristics
6.1
Categories of Characteristics
6.1.1
Standard Test Guidelines Characteristics
Standard Test Guidelines characteristics are those which are approved by UPOV for
examination of DUS and from which members of the Union can select suitable characteristics
for their particular cir cum sta nces .
6.1.2
Asterisked Characteristics
Asterisked characteristics (denoted by *) are those included in the Test Guidelines which are
important for the International Harmonization of variety descriptions and should always be
examined for DUS and included in the variety descriptions by all members on the Union,
except when the state of expression of a preceding characteristics or regional
environmental conditions render this inappropriate.
6.2
States of Expression and Corresponding Notes
States of expression are given for each characteristic to define the characteristic and to harmonize
descriptions. Each state of expression is allocated a corresponding numerical note for ease of
recording of data and for the production and exchange of the description.
6.3
Types of Expression
An explanation of the types of expression of characteristics (qualitative, quantitative and pseudoqualitative) is provided in the General Introduction.
6.4
Reference Varieties
Where appropriate, example varieties are provided to clarify the state of expression of each
characteristic.
6.5
Legend
(*)
Asterisked characteristic – see Section 6.1.2 (QL)
Qualitative characteristic – see Section 6.3 (QN)
Quantitative characteristic – see Section 6.3
(PQ)
Pseudo-Qualitative characteristic– see section 6.3
(+)
See Explanation on the Table of Characteristics on Chapter 8. Stage of
development: see Section 3.3.2
MG-MS-VG-VS: see Section 3.3.3
7.
Table of Characteristics
Trait
No.
1.
2.
Method of
Examination
30
VS
40
VG
a
3.
40
VG
a
Characteristics
Example Varieties
Basal leaf: sheath color
green
IR64 IR47,
1
light purple
IR68
2
purple lines
Dinorado (80805)
3
purple
C4-63
4
light
Palawan
3
medium dark
Inilang-ilang
5
IR42, Binirhen
7
Leaf: intensity of green color
Leaf: anthocyanin coloration absent
present
1
C4-63
4.
40
VG
a
Note
9
Leaf: distribution of anthocyanin coloration tips
only
1
margins only
PSB Rc34, Makapilay
pusa
2
blotches only uniform
Dinorado (80385)
3
IR1552
4
Trait
No.
5.
Method of
Examination
40
VG
a
6.
40
VG
a
Characteristics
Example Varieties
Note
Leaf sheath: anthocyanin coloration
absent
1
present
9
Leaf sheath: intensity of anthocyanin
coloration
light purple purple
3
Lines purple
5
7
7.
40
VS
a
8.
(*)
9.
40
VS
40
VS
a
10.
(+)
Leaf: pubescence of blade surface
glabrous
Dinorado
Binirhen,
(47125)
(53012),
Azucena
3
intermediate
Dinorado (30-386)
5
pubescent
C4-63, IR
7
absent
IR
1
present
C4-63
9
absent
IR
1
present
C4-63
9
Leaf: anthocyanin coloration of auricles
Leaf: anthocyanin coloration of collar
Leaf: shape of ligule
VS
a
truncate
3
acute
5
cleft
C4-63, IR
7
Trait
No.
11.
Method of
Examination
40
VS
Characteristics
Example Varieties
Leaf: color of ligule
colorless
IR
green
light purple purple
stripes purple
12.
40
MS
a
13.
40
MS
a
14.
(*) (+)
15.
(*) (+)
60
VG
90
VG
Note
1
2
3
Burdagol
4
C4-63
5
Leaf: length of blade (actual measurement)
Short
<30 cm
3
Medium
31-60 cm
5
Long
>60 cm
7
Leaf: width of blade
Narrow
<1 cm
Medium
1-2 cm
Broad
> 2 cm
3
C4-63
5
7
Flag leaf: attitude of blade (early observation)
(actual measurement)
erect
IR70
1
semi-erect
IR64
3
horizontal
C4-63
5
descending
Palawan 1
7
erect
IR70
1
semi-erect
IR64
3
Flag leaf: attitude of blade (late observation)
Trait
No.
Method of
Examination
Characteristics
horizontal
Example Varieties
C4-63
descending
16.
17.
(+)
40
VS
40
VS
19.
(*)
65
VS
7
absent
1
present
9
Culm: Angle
erect
spreading
55
VG
5
Culm: kneeing ability (for floating rice only)
semi-erect open
18.
(*)
Note
Palawan, Milfor,
C4-63, IR70
1
3
Milagrosa (53182)
5
Milagrosa
(44634,44635),U-Van
7
early (< 70)
IR50
1
early (71-80)
PSB Rc28, IR72
3
medium (81-90)
IR68
5
late (91-100)
PSB Rc18 IR42,
7
very late (> 101)
IR70
9
Days of heading (50% of plants with heads) very
Lemma: anthocyanin coloration of apex
absent
1
red
U-Van
3
light purple
Inilang-ilang, Kinandang- itim,
Rinamos
5
purple
deep purple
7
9
Trait
No.
20.
(*)
21.
(+)
22.
(*)
Method of
Examination
65.
VS
Characteristics
70
VS
IR64
2
yellow light
3
purple
Tapol white
4
purple
C4-63, Maroyaw
5
Culm: thickness thin
(< 5mm) thick (>
1
5mm)
9
Culm: length (excluding panicle; excluding floating
rice)
1
short (51-70 cm)
U-Van, IR19961
medium (71-90 cm)
Tejeremas, Dinorado 53012,
Azucena (47124),
Burdagol, Sinandomeng
long (91-110 cm) very
long (> 110 cm)
24.
70
VS
70
VS
1
light green
very short (< 50 cm)
23.
(*)
Note
Spikelet: color of stigma
white
70.
VS
Example Varieties
3
5
7
Milfor, Tapol, Dinorado
8385, 8386
9
Culm: anthocyanin coloration of nodes
absent
1
present
9
Culm: intensity of anthocyanin coloration of
nodes
light purple
Acc 46969
3
Trait
No.
Method of
Examination
Characteristics
purple deep
Example Varieties
Acc 21165, 21485
purple
25.
70
VS
Note
5
7
Culm: anthocyanin coloration of internodes light
gold
C4-63, Maroyaw Tapol
3
purple lines purple
white Palawan (7353)
5
7
26.
(*) (+)
72-90
MS
Panicle: length of main axis
very short (< 11cm)
1
short (11-20cm)
3
medium (21-30cm)
IR64, IR42, IR72
5
long (31-40cm) very
Azucena, Milfor
7
long (> 40cm)
27.
(*) (+)
90
MS
9
Panicle: curvature of main axis
erect
1
semi-erect
3
drooping
C4-63
deflexed
28.
(+)
70
5
7
Panicle: number per plant
few (<8)
NPT
3
medium (8-16)
PSB Rc28
5
many (>16)
PSB Rc14, PSB Rc4
7
Trait
No.
29.
Method of
Examination
60
Characteristics
Example Varieties
Note
Panicle: awns
absent present
1
9
30.
31.
(*)
60
VS
70-80
Panicle: color of awns (early observation) light
green
Tue, Linangan
3
red
Masapay,
Ganilunan,
Paray Kikog kabayo
5
purple
Kasignayan,
red, Rinamos
7
Sinenan
Panicle: distribution of awns tip
–awned
Basmati Rinamos
1
short & partly awned
Gamilunan
3
short & fully awned
Kasignayan
5
long&partlyawned
Tue, Masapay, Sineman Red
7
long & fully awned
32.
90
VS
Panicle: color of Awns (late observation)
straw
9
Tue
yellowishgold
brown reddish
brown light red
1
2
Masapay,
Gamilunan,
ParayQikogKabayo
3
4
red
5
light purple
6
purple
7
8
Trait
No.
Method of
Examination
Characteristics
Example Varieties
black
33.
(*)
60-80
VS
9
Spikelet: density of pubescence of lemma
glabrous
Binirhen
1
hairs on lemma keel
3
hairs on upper portion
Momay, Pinili, Milagrosa
(44634)
Linangan, Azucena (47125)
short hairs
IR64, IR70
7
long hairs ( velvety)
34.
(+)
80-90
90
5
9
Spikelet: apicular color
white
Kinilala IR18,
1
straw
IR25
2
brown
Ginunting, Tinawon, Tapol
3
red
Milfor, Tapol white
4
purple
Palawan 1, C463
5
black
35.
(+)
Note
6
Panicle: presence secondary branching absent
present
1
9
36.
(+)
90
Panicle: type of secondary branching
weak
Tue, Tagpis, Wagwag
3
strong clustering
Hambas, Kinandang Patong
5
7
37.
(*) (+)
90
Panicle: type of branches
compact
3
Trait
No.
Method of
Examination
Characteristics
intermediate open
Example Varieties
Azucena (47124),
Makunting
Milagrosa (53182),
Sinampaga
38.
(+)
90
VG
Note
5
7
Panicle: exsertion
well exserted
C4-63
1
moderately-well exserted exserted
3
partly exserted
5
enclosed
7
9
39.
40.
(+)
41.
(+)
90
VG
92
VG
92
MS
Days of maturity
very early (< 100)
IR50
1
early (101-110)
PSB Rc28
3
medium (111-120)
Binirhen, PSB Rc18,
Maligaya1
5
late (121-130)
PSB Rc58
7
very late (>130)
Pirurutong NB, Milagrosa
(5159), Macan Sapac,
Maroyaw
9
early
Milagrosa (5826)
3
intermediate
IR1909, Paray Qikog
Kabayo
5
late
Azucena (328), Rinamos,
C4-63
7
Leaf: senescene
Sterile lemma: Length
Trait
No.
Method of
Examination
Characteristics
short (<1.5mm)
92
MS
Note
Pinili, Milagrosa (5159),
Maligaya 1, Kinandang
itim, Carinosa, Milfor,
Palawan
1
medium (1.6-2.5mm)
3
long (>2.5 mm but less than the lemma length
5
extra long (> 2.5 mm but greater than the lemma
length)
7
Wagwag 2
9
straw
IR64
1
gold
Maroyaw Gamilunan
3
red
Rinamos, Binuhangin
5
asymmetrical
42.
Example Varieties
Sterile lemma: color
purple
43.
44.
92
MS
92.
MS
7
Grain: weight of 1000 fully developed grains by 14 %
MC
very low
Binuhangin,
Macunting
1
low
Iniput- ibon, Milagrosa
3
medium
Azucena
5
high very
Burdagol
7
high
Lenkibe-N, Taigsiyan
9
very short (<5.52mm) short
Mag 7, Macunting
1
(5.52-6.84mm)
Kinandong itim, SDS 29,
SDS65, Sinonay
3
medium (6.85-8.17mm)
Kaibig, SDS60, QZN 58
5
Grain: length
Trait
No.
45.
Method of
Examination
92.
MS
Characteristics
Example Varieties
long (8.18-9.5mm)
Palawan 353, Binerhen
7
very long (>9.5mm)
Pinili, Azucena 328,
QZN 8, Carinosa,
Pirurutong B
9
Grain: width
narrow (1.20-1.72mm)
medium (1.74-2.36mm)
46.
92
VS
92
1
Wagwag, Raminad
3
broad (2.37-3.0mm)
5
very broad (>3.0mm)
7
Lemma and Palea: color
White
0
Straw
Milagrosa, Azucena
1
Gold and gold furrows
Binirhen, Inilang-Ilang,
Dayaqqot Queen, Pilit,
Cofegei
2
Brown spots
Abalayan, Malagaya,
Tapol
3
Brown furrow
Binicol, Anadi
4
Brown (Tawny)
Ifugao rice, IR 612895
5
Reddish and light purple
Megamunin, Pong
Kangkep
6
Purple spots
Balatinao,
Minoro
7
Purple furrow
Cernyj,
Sempong
8
Purple
Kala Joha, Kasha
Black
47.
Note
Decorticated grain: length
9
10
Trait
No.
(*)
48.
49.
(*) (+)
50.
(*)
Method of
Examination
92
92
92
Characteristics
Example Varieties
Note
short (<5.4mm)
1
medium (5.5-6.5mm)
3
long (6.6-7.4mm)
5
very long (> 7.5mm)
7
Decorticated grain: width
narrow (< 1.1mm) medium
3
(1.1-2.49mm) broad
5
(>2.49mm)
7
Decorticated grain: shape (in lateral
View)
round (<1.5mm)
Makunting
1
semi-round (1.5-1.99mm)
Kinandang Patong
3
halfspindle-shaped (2.-2.49mm)
Burdagol, Binerhen
5
spindle-shaped (2.5-2.99mm) long
Intan
7
spindle-shaped (> 2.99 mm)
Azucena
9
IR
1
Decorticated grain: color white
light yellow light
brown
2
variegated brown dark
Silagadong,
30333,
Milagrosa
Dinorado
3
brown
Lenkibe-N
4
Dinorado
5
Trait
No.
Method of
Examination
Characteristics
Example Varieties
light red red
Note
6
Kamoros, Kinandang Pula,
Lubang Pula
7
Pirurutong NBB
8
Pirurutong NBA
9
Malagaya Tapol 2&3
10
Endosperm: type
glutinous
IR45, Malagkit songsong
1
non-glutinous
IR64
3
Malagkit Songsong, Ukian
Abalayan, Pirurutong
1
variegated purple purple
dark purple/black
51.
(+)
52.
(+)
92
92
Endosperm: amylosecontent(%)
waxy (0-2%)
very Low (2.1-10%)
low (10.1-20%)
intermediate (20.1-25%)
high (>25%)
53.
(+)
90
Pilit Mamitani, Pelet
Bulawan
3
IR65, UPLRI IR64,
PSB Rc28
PSB Rc56, PSB Rc66
5
7
9
Varieties with Endosperm of Polished grain NonWaxy only: Expression of white Core
less than 5%
1
5-10%
3
11-20%
5
21-40%
7
Trait
No.
Method of
Examination
Characteristics
Example Varieties
more than 40%
54.
(+)
55.
(+)
90
92
Note
9
Varieties with Endosperm of Polished Grain NonWaxy only: expression of white Belly
less than 5%
1
5-10%
3
11-20%
5
21-40%
7
more than 40%
9
Alkali digestion
low intermediate
1
high intermediate high
3
5
7
56.
(*)
92
Decorticated grain: aroma absent
present
IR
1
Binerhen, Azucena,
Dinorado
9
8.
Explanations on the Table of Characteristics
Trait No. 1: Coleoptile : color
Trait No. 14: Leaf shape of ligule
Trait No. 15 and 16: Flag leaf: attitude of blade (early and late observation)
1
erect
3
semi-erect
5
horizontal
7
reflexed
Trait No. 24, 25, 26: Lemma: anthocyanin coloration and 41: Spikelet: color and tip
Trait No. 28: Stem: thickness
At the lowest internode
Trait No. 33 and 34: Panicle: length of main axis (33) and curvature of main axis (34)
1
erect
3
semi-erect
5
drooping
7
deflexed
Trait No. 43 and 44: Panicle: secondary branching
0
absent
2
strong
1
weak
3
clustering
Trait No. 45: Panicle: attitude of branches
1
erect
3
erect to semi-erect
5
semi-erect
7
semi-erect to spreading
9
spreading
Trait No. 46: Panicle: exsertion
7
partly exserted
5
exserted
1
well exserted
Trait No. 48: Leaf: senescence
The leaves below the flag leaf are observed at the time of harvest for their retention of greenness. State (3),
leaves are dead when the grains have become fully ripened; state (5), intermediate (there must be 1 leaf which retains
its color); state (7), 2 or more leaves retain their color at maturity.
Trait No. 49: Sterile lemma: length
The measurement is made on each of the two sterile lemmas.
Trait No. 54 and 55: Grain: phenol reaction of lemma (54)
Varieties with phenol reaction of lemma present only: Grain: coloration with phenol (55)
Method of Testing: Place hulls from 10 grains into a petri dish of 5 cm diameter, and add 5 ml of 1.5% phenol
solution; cover the petri dish, and keep at room temperature (not very cold) for one day.
Trait No. 58: Decorticated grain: shape (in lateral view)
Note
round
semi-round
half spindle-shaped
spindle-shaped
long spindle-shaped
1
2
3
4
5
Length/ Width
< 1.50
1.50-1.99
2.00-2.49
2.50-2.99
>3.00
Trait No. 60: Endosperm: presence of amylose
How to differentiate: By observation, glutinous rice has waxy grains, and non-glutinous rice are non-waxy
to transparent with various grades according to the amylose content of the endosperm. When it is necessary
to differentiate glutinous rice and rice with very low amylose content, chemical analysis is needed.
Note: In general, the amylose content of glutinous rice of pure line variety is 0% However, many commercial
varieties; especially local, traditional varieties may contain 1-4% of amylose. This is because the waxy gene is
recessive, and when outcrossed by ordinary rice pollen, the endosperm becomes non-glutinous. Also, some
methods of testing may result in a low % of amylose. Research on chemical structure of waxy rice is still
in progress in Japan. Recently various genes (named “dull” genes) for producing semi-waxy rice have been
identified At present, amylose content of those semi-waxy rice is not less than 5% though it is not sure if
further lower amylose lines will be bred in the future.
The three categories can be simply defined by reaction to KI-I solution; glutinous type endosperm is stained
to reddish purple, non-glutinous type to dark blue purple, and intermediate type to reddish – blue purple.
Intermediate rice is non-glutinous but with very low amylose, the type which is recently commanding
reputation among consumers in East Asian countries.
KI-I solution is prepared by mixing 0.1 % I2 solution and 0.2 % KI solution.
Trait No.61: Endosperm: content ofamylose
Method ISO 6647 should be used.
Modified from IRRI system by rounding due to variability of data especially in cool climates, and adding a
rank of very high amylose content considering rice in some area of southern India.
Further discussion may be needed for alternative definition, not using percentage of amylose, but just
describing as very low, low, intermediate, high and very high.
Trait No. 62: Varieties with endosperm of amylose absent only. Polished grain: expression of white core
Trait No. 63: Varieties with endosperm of amylose absent only. Polished grain: expression of white belly Ad. 64:
Alkali digestion
Alkali digestion is much easier to test and simpler to observe, and is parallel to results of testing
gelatinization temperature. Notes 1.0-2.5 corresponding to gelatilization temperature of 74.53.55.4 to 70-74 C and notes 5.5-7 to 55-59 C (Juliano and Villareal: Grain Quality Evaluation of World Rices, IRRI,
1993)
Trait No. 65: Decorticated grain: aroma
The main component of the aroma in rice is the 2-acetyl-1pyrroline (AcPy). To vaporize this chemical,
10 ml. of a 1.7% solution of KOH should be added to 2 gram of decorticated grains. The aroma, which is similar
to that in pop-corn, is released within ten minutes. The level of expression is determined by reference to the
example varieties.
Decimal Code for the Growth Stages of Cereals
2-digit
Code
00
01
02
03
04
05
General Description
Germination
Dry seed
Start of imbibition
Imbibition complete
Radicle emerged from
Freekes’
Scale
Additional Remarks on Wheat, Barley, Rye, Oats and Rice
2-digit
Code
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
General Description
caryosis
Coleoptile
emerged
from caryopsis
Leaf just at coleoptile tip
Seedling growth
First
leaf
through
coleoptile
30
First leaf unfolded
2 leaves unfolded
3 leaves unfolded
4 leaves unfolded
5 leaves unfolded
6 leaves unfolded
7 leaves unfolded
8 leaves unfolded
9 or more leaves
unfolded
Germination
Main shoot only
Main shoot and 1 tiller
Main shoot and 2 tillers
Main shoot and 3 tillers
Main shoot and 4 tillers
Main shoot and 5 tillers
Main shoot and 6 tillers
Main shoot and 7 tillers
Main shoot and 8 tillers
Main shoot and 9 or more
tillers
Stem elongation
Pseudo stem erection (2)
31
1st node detectable
32
33
2nd node detectable
3rd detectable
34
35
4th node detectable
5th node detectable
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
Freekes’
Scale
Additional Remarks on Wheat, Barley, Rye, Oats and Rice
}
}
}
}
1
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
2
}
}
}
}
}3
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
4-
5
6}
}
7}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
Second leaf visible (Less than 1 cm)
50% of laminae unfolded
In rice: vegetative lag phase
Jointing stage
Above crown nodes
2-digit
Code
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
General Description
6th node detectable
Flag leaf just visible
Flag leaf ligule/collar
just visible
Booting
-
Freekes’
Scale
}
8
Additional Remarks on Wheat, Barley, Rye, Oats and Rice
9
Pre-boot stage
In rice: opposite auricle stage
Little enlargement of the inflorescence,
Early-boot stage
Flag leaf sheath
extending
Boots
just
visibly
swollen
Boots swollen
Flag
leaf
sheath
opening
First awns visible
Inflorescence emergence
} Fist spikelet of
} inflorescence just
} visible
}
} ¼ of inflorescence
emerged
}
} ½ of inflorescence
emerged
}
}
}3/4 of inflorescence
emerged
}
}
} Emergence of
Inflorescence
} completed
Anthesis
}
}
Mid-boot stage
}
}
10
Late-boot stage
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
N}
}
S}
N
}
}
}
S
N
}
}
}
S
N
}
}
}
S
N
}
S
}
N
10.1 In awned forms only
N = non-synchronous crops
S = synchronous crops
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
2-digit
Code
61
62
63
64
General Description
} beginning of anthesis
}
70
71
72
73
74
75
}
}Anthesis half - way
}
}
}Anthesis complete
}
Milk development
Caryopsis watery ripe
Early milk
Medium milk
76
-
77
78
79
80
81
83
84
85
Late milk
Dough development
Early dough
Soft dough
86
87
88
Hard dough
-
89
Ripening
Caryopsis hard (difficult to
divide by thumbnail (3)
65
66
67
68
69
90
91
Freekes’
Scale
}
}
S
}
}
}
N
}
}
}
N
Additional Remarks on Wheat, Barley, Rye, Oats and Rice
10.51
Not easily detectable in barley
In rice: Usually immediately
Following heading
10.52
S
10.53
S
10.54
}
}
}
}
}
}
]
}
}
}
11.1
} Increase in solids of liquid endosperm
} notable when crushing the caryopsis
} between fingers
Fingernail impression not held
11.
2
}
}
Fingernail impression held, inflorescence
Losing chlorophyll
11.
3
In rice: Terminal spikelets ripened.
In rice: 50 % of spikelets ripened
2-digit
Code
General Description
Caryopsis hard (can no
longer be dented by
thumbnail) (4)
Caryopsis loosening in
daytime
Over-ripe, straw dead and
collapsing
Seed dormat
Viable seed giving 50%
germination
Seed not dormant
Secondary dormarcy
induced
Secondary dormancy lost
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
Freekes’
Scale
11.
4
Additional Remarks on Wheat, Barley, Rye, Oats and Rice
In rice: Over 90% of spikelets ripened (5)
Risk of grain loss by shedding
Transplanting and
recovery (rice only)
Uprooting of seedlings
Rooting
Recovery of shoots
Resumption of vegetative
growth
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
T7
T8
T9

Reproduced from EUCARPIA Bulletin No. 7, 1974, pages 49-52, with the kind permission of the authors For
further information, see J.C. Zadoks, T.T. Chang and C.F. Konzak, EUCARPIA bulletin No 7, 1974, pages 42-52.
Notes on the Table
(1) Stage of seedling inoculation with rust in the greenhouse
(2) Only applicable to cereals with a prostrate or semi-prostrate early growth habit
(3) Ripeness for binder (ca. 16% water content). Chlorophyll of inflorescence largely lost.
(4) Ripeness for combine harvester (< 16% water content)
(5) Optimumharvesttime.
9.
Literature
International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants(upov.int/test_guidelines)
10.
Technical Questionnaire
Application date:
(not to be filled in by the applicant)
TECHNICAL QUESTIONNAIRE
To be completed in connection with an application for plant breeders’ rights
1.
Subject of theTechnical Questionnaire
1.1
Latin Name
1.2
Common Name
2. Applicant Name
Address
Telephone No.
Fax No.
E-mail address
Breeder (if different from applicant)
4.
Information on the breeding scheme and propagation of the variety
4.1 Breeding Scheme
4.2 Method of Propagating the Variety
4.2.1 Type of material
(a) Line
Male fertile line
[ ]
Male sterile line
[ ]
(b) Hybrid
(c) other (specify)
In the case of hybrid varieties, the production scheme for the hybrid and for each component, the
information according to the following Chapters 5 to 7 should be provided on a separate sheet.
Single Hybrid (SH)
(……female parent……) x (….male parent…..)
N.B. In case of use ofmalesterility system,pleaseindicate the name of the maintainer lineof the parental line.
4.3 other information
5. Characteristics of the variety to be indicated (the number in brackets refers to the corresponding
characteristics in Test Guidelines; please mark the note which best corresponding).
Characteristics
5.1 Basal leaf: sheath color (2)
green
Example Varieties
Note
1
light purple
2
purple lines
purple
5.2 Leaf: anthocyanin coloration of auricles (10)
absent
present
3
4
1
9
5.3 Time of healing (50% of plants with heads) very
early
early
medium
late
Very late
1
3
5
7
9
5.4 Stem: length (excluding panicle; excluding
(29) floating rice)
very short short
medium
long
very long
1
3
5
7
9
Characteristics
5.5 Decorticated grain:
(56)
Very short
Example Varieties
Note
1
Short Medium
3
Long
5
Very long
7
9
5.6 Decorticated grain: color
(59)
White
1
2
Light brown
3
Variegated brown Dark
4
brown
5
Light red Red
6
Variegated purple
7
Purple
8
Dark purple
9
6. Similar varieties and difference from these varieties
Denominations(s)
of
variety(ies) similar to
your candidate variety
Characteristic(s) in
which your candidate
variety differs from the
similar variety(ies)
Describe the expression
of the characteristics(s)
for the similar variety(ies)
Describe the expression
of the characteristics(s)
for your candidate variety
(Example)
Plant: Height
e.g. note 3
e.g. short
e.g. 90 cm
note 7
Tall
130 cm
7.
Additional information which may help in the examination of the variety
7.1 In addition to the information provided in section 5 and 6, are there any additional
characteristics, which may help to distinguish the variety?
7.1.1
Resistance to pest and diseases
Yes
[ ]
No
[ ]
No
[
(if yes, please provide details)
7.1.2
Other
Yes
[ ]
]
(if yes, please provide details)
7.2 Special conditions for the examination of the variety
7.1.3
Are there any special conditions for growing the variety or conducting the examination?
Yes
7.1.4
[ ]
No
[
]
If yes, please give details:
7.3 Other information
8. Authorization
(a) Does the variety require prior authorization for please under legislation concerning the protection
of the environmental, human and animal health?
Yes
[ ]
No [
]
No [
]
(b) Hassuch authorization been obtained?
Yes
[ ]
If the answer to (b) is yes, please attach a copy of the authorization.
(End of Document)