Vol. III, No. 2 - Nov.

Transcription

Vol. III, No. 2 - Nov.
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THE LINCOLNIAN NOVEMBER-DECEMBER,1984
VOLUME III NUMBER 2
PUBLISHED BY THE LINCOLN GROUP OF WASHINGTON. D.C.
,
EDITOR
Edward Steers, Jr.
5908 Holland Road
Rockville,Md.20851
ASSISTANT EDITOR
Joan L. Chaconas
9102 Cheltenham Dr.
Brandywine,Md.20613
THE LINCOLN GROUP OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
REQUESTS YOUR PRESENCE
AT OUR NOVEMBER DINNER MEETING
SPEAKER: DR. EDWARD STEERS,JR.
TOPIC: EVERLASTING IN THE HEARTS OF HIS
COUNTRYMEN. WASHINGTON'S MEMORIALS
TO ABRAHAM LINCOLN - ALL TWELVE
OF THEM!
DATE: TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 20,1984
TIME: COCKTAILS 6:00 PM
DINNER 7: 00 PM
SPEAKER 8:00 PM
PLACE: FORT LESLEY J. McNAIR
OFFICERS CLUB. P STREET BETWEEN
3RD AND 4TH STREETS S.W.,
WASHINGTON, D.C.
COST: $11.00 PER PERSON. PLEASE MAKE YOUR
RESERVATIONS BY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 18
WITH VELMA CHERWEK BY PHONE 451-2496.
MAKE CHECKS PAYABLE TO "LINCOLN GROUP."
REMEMBER, OUR DECEMBER MEETING WILL BE OUR ANNUAL
AUCTION. PLAN TO ATTEND AND BRING AN ITEM!
MARY TODD LINCOLN
by MARY CALLEN CHARLESWORTH
She was one of the most loved women in history. Contrary to the image the mention of her
name brings to mind and the description we have of her from a somewhat serious though pre­
judiced historian, history itself has proved she was held in love and respect throughout
her lifetime, sixty-four years in all, by those who knew and understood her. From the mom­
ent of her birth, twelve days before Christmas, December 13, 1818, she was cradled in fam­
ily love, refinement and substantial wealth.
With Abraham, it had been almost love at first sight! He was completely captivated by her
spirited love of life, her bright, intelligent face that having once seen he could not eaSily
forget. In all of his thirty-odd years, it was impossible for him to remember having met
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anyone like the "brilliant, vivacious, impulsive" Mary Todd
from the Bluegrass. Years later after their marriage and the
birth of their children, Lincoln remarked, " My wife is as hand­
some as when she was a girl, and I, a poor nobody, fell in love
with her, and what is more, I have never fallen out!"
Young Lincoln at the time of their meeting, possessed the quiet
magnetism, the native dignity and commanding presence that sta­
mped him immediately as a man of strength and goodness. Physic­
ally, "He was very tall and seemed even taller because of his
leaness." He stood six feet four and weighed one hundred and
eighty pounds during his early Springfield days. The strenuous
task of merely existing in the wilderness of Kentucky and Ind­
. iana had left its mark on his features. The skin of his face had
been wrinkled and roughened by the cold and harsh winters of his
childhood. Lincoln himself had said, "In my poor, lean, lank
face nobody has ever seen that any cabbages were sprouting out."
Mary found in Abraham the "good man" and the "most congenial mind she had ever met." Although her family thought he left much to be desired as a husband for Mary, and according to one "of her sisters was, "The plainest looking man in Springfield,"
' she had fallen in love with the backwoods Kentuckian and was
determined to marry him. Twenty years after their marriage, a
newspaper reporter observed, "After five minutes in his company
you cease to think he is either homely or awkward." Elizabeth
Todd Edwards in whose home Mary had come to live, remembered
that whenever Lincoln came to call, "I happened to be in the
same room where they were sitting and often Mary led the con­
versation. Lincoln would listen and gaze upon her as if drawn
by some superior power, irresistibly so ••• he listened, never
scarcely said a word."
On the day they were wed, that November day in 1842, the early
morning darkness was slow to leave the sky. And when the sun
did rise, its rays were hidden behind heavy, gray clouds. Mary
and Abraham had attended Sunday morning worship services with
Mr. and Mrs. Edwards. Although neither she nor Abraham were
Episcopalians, both her sister Elizabeth and her husband Nin­
ian were members of the Episcopal Church in Springfield. Mr.
and Mrs. Edwards had proceeded Mary and Abraham up the walk
into the Edwards' home, but the young couple lingered on the
front porch as if reluctant to part. They were barely aware
of the overcast sky and the bite of the November air so deeply
and intensely were they into conversation. It was While they
t were on the front porch that Abraham asked Mary to become his
wife.
Now that they had decided at the last moment to be married,
nothing would do but to have the ceremony the very same night,
and so they told Mrs. Edwards.
According to a description of the wedding many years later by
Frances Todd Wallace, "Mrs. Edwards was terribly disappointed
for she could not get up a dinner in that short a time. It
was Sunday and Springfield was a very small town at the time,
and she hardly knew what to do. But they would not have it
any other way, so she wrote a note to me, and told me that they
they were to be married that night, and asked if I would help
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Mary Todd Lincoln dressed in mourning
attire following the death of young
Wi llie (Wi lliam Wa llac e) Linco ln in
February of 1862.
The earliest known photograph of Abra­
ham Lincoln. The original daguerrotype
photograph is located in the National
Portrait Gallery (Old Patent Office
Building). The photograph is believed
to have been taken in Springfield, Ill.
in 1846, four years after Abraham and
Mary were married.
her. So I worked all day. I have never worked
harder all day in my life."
Invitations to the evening ceremony and supper
had been hurredly written and hand delivered
during the late morning and early afternoon to
a list of relatives and close friends chosen by
Mary and Abraham. "A very nice little supper
but not what we would have done if they had
given Mrs. Edwards time" according to Mrs. Wall­
ace.
Both Abraham and Mary were opposed to a large
wedding such as Mrs. Edwards had wished for Mary,
instead, it was their decision to "have a simple
private wedding with only members of the immedi­
ate family and one or two close friends present."
As the day passed, the clouds became heavier and
darker until by evening they had pulled apart to
permit a chill-laden rain to fall. Nowhere in
Springfield, however, was there more warmth and
festive cheer than the home of Elizabeth and
Ninian Edwards.
ABRAHAM LINCOLN AND MARY TODD
ARE MARRIED ... NOVEMBER 4, 1842
On November 4, 1842, Mary Todu and Abraham Lincoln
were married at the home of Mary's sister, Mrs.
Ninian Edwards. This drawing is by Lloyd Ostendorf
from his book entitled, Abraham Lincoln The ~
The Man.
Horse drawn carriages had been arr1v1ng since
early evening bringing handsomely dressed guests
to the happy event. At eight o'clock in the evening of November 4, 1842, Abraham took Mary
for his wife. Outside the home, the cold rain laced with snow beat against the windows but
inside the Edwards' elegant Victorian home, the sliding partitions between the two front par­
lors had been thrown open, and in soft candlelight before a beautifully improvised altar upon
which the Book of Common Prayer lay open to the Episcopal wedding service, Mary and Abraham
exchanged their vows.
As they stood there, side by side, he, one of the most prom1s1ng lawyers in Springfield,
mostly self-taught, progressing under Mary's tutelage in the social amenities; she, with a
finishing school education, proficient in French, the classics and social graces, from a
well-to-do, cultured background and an interest in politics, it was small wonder that both
of Mary's sisters and her brother-in-law were quite concerned and shown strong disapproval
of her choice of Lincoln.
Anyone glancing at Mary, however,radient with happiness and love, beautiful in her white
Swiss muslin wedding dress, could not but be satisfied that she was well aware of the right­
ness of her choice. Love with all its joys was in the Lincoln's home whether it was the
Globe Tavern, the home at Eighth and Jackson, or in the White House. There was fun and
playfulness and there was the joy of, children. Mary said, "Mr. Lincoln was the kindest man
and most loving father in the world. He gave us all unbounded liberty. Said to me always,
when I asked for anything 'You know what you want, now go get it.' He never asked if it was
necessary." A Mr. Kent who knew Mary and Abraham intimately in Springfield recalled "Mr.
Lincoln's homelife was all happiness and contentment as far as I could ever know. He seemed
to idolize his wife and boys, and they one and all sincerely loved him."
It is evident from the letters that passed between them, "My dear husband, how much I wish
instead of writing, we were together this evening, I feel very sad away from you", and
Lincoln writing, "In this troubled world we are never quite satisfied. When you were here
I thought you hindered me some in attending to business, but now having nothing but busi­
ness .•. it has grown exceedingly tasteless to me .•. I hate to stay in the old room by my­
self."
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Mary's younger sister Emilie in later years commenting on the relationship between Mary
and Abraham, "Her little temper was soon over and her husband loved her nonetheless, per­
haps all the more for this human frailty which needed his love and patience to pet and
coax the sunny smile to replace the sarcasm and tears, and oh, how she did love that man!"
A journalist for the ~. Louis Republican wrote an unusually fascinating description of
Mary whom she had met for the first time ' during a reception early in the Lincoln adminis­
tration. She wrote, "The charm of her face was not owing to cosmetics.
It was a chubby,
good-natured face.
It was the face of a woman who enjoyed life, a good joke, good eating,
fine clothes, fine horses and carriages and luxurious surroundings; but it was, also, the
face of a woman whose affectionate nature was predominate. You might safely take your
oath that she would be fussy on occasion; but the clouds would not last long with her and
she would be laughing heartily as ever!" "There is no doubt," she continued, "but Mr.
Lincoln found in her, despite her foibles, just what he needed and that she Was a most loy­
al wife and Mother." They both showed a thoughtfulness based on a deep understanding of
the way each other felt.
His last words to her were accompanied by an affectionate smile
and fittingly enough, it embodied his loving tenderness.
Friday, April 14th, 1865 dawned clear, almost humid. Washington City had taken on the
appearance of spring with her budding flowers and leafing trees. Lincoln, according to
those who saw him on that day, was happy and relaxed.
In the afternoon, as was his custom
when the pressures of the Presidency and Commander-in-Chief allowed him the luxury, sugg­
ested to Mary that they have the carriage brought around for a short drive, just the two
of them, near the Potomac.
He had preferred to ride "by ourselves today" and according to Mary's reminiscences long
after his death, had looked forward on this particular day to spending a few hours away
from the confusion and interruptions of the White House. Abraham had commented, "Well
may I feel happy, Mary, I consider this day the war has come to a close. We must both be
more cheerful in the future.
Between the war and the death of our darling Willie, we have
both been very miserable."
A little after eight in the evening as President and Mrs.
Lincoln were leaving the White House grounds, a light mist
was falling on their closed carriage. A half an hour later
they were seated in the flag-draped Presidential box at
Ford's Theatre. As Mary sat looking at her husband, relaxed
and enjoying the performance on the stage, she felt pleased
she had made the effort to come with him in spite of a
torturous migraine headache. She sat close to Abraham, re­
calling the wonderfully happy time they had spent together
in the afternoon when suddenly she felt a convulsive jerk
of his hand held in hers, telling her before anyone else,
the assassin's bullet had met its mark.
The misting upon their arrival at Ford's had be­
come a steady drizzle by ten o'clock, and as the
President's body was carried across Tenth Street
to the home of a tailor, the drizzle became rain.
Little Julie Taft, a White House nei g hbor of Lincoln's ,
picks out her fa vorite Brady photograph of the President .
The one she chose is shown in the illustration. The draw­
ings which illustrate Mrs. Charlesworth's article are
used with the kind permission of Llo yd Ostendorf from
his beautifull y illustrated book, Abraham Lincoln. The
~, The Man. Future issues of the Lincolnian will ~
elegantly enhanced by illustrations from Llo yd's book.
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On Sunday July 16th, 1882, a soft, warm rain was falling. Mary Todd Lincoln, ill, frail
and paralyzed, sank into unconsciousness in the pre-dawn hours.
It was only a few hours
before 8:15 P.M. that her seventeen years of anguished and tormented waiting for the hour
when God's love would once again place her by her husband's side came to an end.
She lay in state in the same parlour where forty years ago she had stood exchanging the
vow "til death do us part" with her devoted backwoods Kentuckian.
Now her thin, emotion­
ally worn face, with yet a semblance of its young beauty, was calm and peaceful, a tender
and serene smile touching her closed lips. On her left hand, fourth finger, was the
wedding band which had never been removed from her hand since the evening it was placed
there so lovingly by the husband she idolized.
Editor's note: This month's lead article is by Lincoln Group member Mary Callan Charlesworth
who currently serves as President of the District of Columbia Chapter of the United Daughters
of the Confederacy (UDC). Mrs. Charlesworth writes about one of her favorite subjects, Mary
Todd and her life as Abraham Lincoln's wife.
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LECTURE FUND CONTINUES
The special Lecture Fund established in memory of George Landes continues to grow with
the support of our membership both locally and nationwide. As of September 30th, the
Fund had reached a grand total of $1,292.50. The principal of this fund will be deposit­
ed into a special certificate account and the interest earned will be used to sponsor a
guest speaker each year. Members who wish to contribute to this special fund should
send their contributions to: Edward Steers,Jr. 5908 Holland Road, Rockville, Maryland
20851.
Please make your check payable to: The Lincolm Group of D.C.
Gary Planck
Carl Grenn
Eve lyn M. Sams
Mary Pool
William E. Hanna, Jr.
Donald Benham
Irene Mills
Dr.and Mrs. Edward Steers,Sr.
Eleanor M. Miller
Ed and Rita Bastek
Paul and Brenda Pascal
Russell W. Bowman
Frank Hebblethwaite
Douglas and Amy Burns
Ed Steers
Elden E. Billings
Ruth Mosely
Pat Steers
Leslie and Gloria Evans
Bert Sheldon
George Kackley
Joan L. Chaconas
Edna Miller
Roger Hunt
Art Loux
Nelson Blake
Clark Evans
John Kokkonen
Ernest and Helen Giddings
Lois Landes
Velma Cherwek
Ma x Shively
Ga r y Scott
Arnold Gates
Wally Shaw
Charles and Gertrude Bish
I n t ernational Brotherhooa- of Painters a n d Allied Tra d e s Exe cu tiv e Board - I BPAT
.... .... .... ... A special thank you to all of the above for their generous support for this project.
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ANNUAL AUCTION DECEMBER 20.
Everybody pay attention and read this carefully. The month of December is the month of
our Annual Lincoln Group Auction o All members and friends are urged to go through their
bookshelves, closets, cellars, attics and dens and gather to g eth-er items which they are
willing to donate to our auction. We need your help to make this auction a bigger succ­
ess than last years. So get busy, and bring out great-grandfather's original Lincoln
photograph or manuscript letter. And, don't forget to attend the December meeting and
buy yourself a great Christmas present!
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PHILIP VAN DOREN STERN (1901-1984)
by RICHARD SLOAN
Philip Van Doren Stern, novelist historian, and anthropologist, died July 31st of a heart
attack in Sarasota Florida. He was 83 years old, and had recently been in failing health. With
nine major civil war books to his credit, Mr. Stern was widely respected by all civil war and
Lincoln scholars. He also wrote on such other topics of interest to him, such as automobiles,
photography and mystery novels. Among his well known civil war books were "Prologue to Sumter,"
"The Life and Writings of Abraham Lincoln," "Robert E. Lee - The Man and the Soldier," and
"Secret Missions of the Civil War." His last civil war title was, we believe, ''When the Guns
Roared," in 1965. Rutgers University, where he was graduated, gave Mr. Stern an honorary doc­
torate in 1940 for "The Life and Writings of Abraham Lincoln," written earlier that year. He.
began to show his talent early in his career, first as a writer for radio, and then as an ed­
itor for Knopf and Simon and Schuster. His very first novel was one of his best and most
popular efforts -- "The Man Who Killed Lincoln," written in 1939. He also wrote a novel about
the Abolition period -- "The Drums of Morning," which one reviewer called the answer to "Gone
With the Wind."
Critics gave high praise to "The Man Who Killed Lincoln," although many of them thought it
tended to be too sympathetic to John Wilkes Booth. Stern did not think so. He merely present­
ed what he thought might have been Booth's version of the story, from a psychological pOint
of view. "I have tried to be as impartial as I could," he explained, " ••. I have studied him
with neither rancor nor affection, and have tried to present the 'crazed actor' as a human
being, with all a human being's thoughts and feelings." In 1940, Broadway impressario Joseph
Gaites, hoping to capitalize on the recent successes of "Abe Lincoln in Illinois," Prologue
to Glory," and "Young Mr. Lincoln," bought the rights to a play based on "The Man Who Killed
Lincoln." Elmer Harris was hired to adapt it to the stage, but in doing so, obviously made
Booth an even more sympathetic character than he had been in Stern's book. He also failed to
convey Booth's self analysis and his inner-most thoughts that Stern had so skillfully pre­
sented to his readers. Stern tried to work with Harris on the adaptation, by mail, but he
was not happy with the results. He called it "an amorphous script." Harris suggested that to
spice it up they add Otto Eisenschiml's intrigues from ''Why Was Lincoln Murdered?" which had
been published two years earlier. This would make Edwin Stanton, and not Booth, the real
villian. Stern objected strenuously, saying that the scenario was Eisenschiml's, and that he
would not steal it. At one point he refused to give the script his final "OK" unless he said,
"It was genuinely satisfactory to, historically correct, authentic, and right to detail. I
have my own reputation to protect." Despite the heroic efforts of Richard Waring in the lead
role, the play was doomed. It closed after only ten performances. Columbia Pictures bought
the movie rights in 1964, but never made the film.
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Stern had better success in 1946, when his short story, "The Greatest Gift," became the basis
for a Frank Capra movie, "It's a Wonderful Life," that starred James Stewart, Donna Reed,
and Lionel Barrymore. In the course of his meticulous research for "The Man Who Killed
Lincoln," Mr. Stern retraced the assassin's escape route, and came upon the Garrett house
where Booth died just as it was about to be torn down. The photographs he took of it were the
last. (He sold all his Booth escape route photographs many years later to the Bettman Archives,
but they have never been able to locate them for us.) He retraced the escape route again in
the 1950's, and wrote about it in an article for Holiday Magazine that was this writer's
introduction to the subject, a subject that continues to capture the imagination of many of
us.
Many years ago, Mr. Stern retired to Sarasota, Florida to pursue another interest -- boating.
He sold his entire Lincoln and civil war library when he moved from his Brooklyn home, where
he had lived for many years. A few years ago we came across some of those Lincoln books,
bearing his signature and pencilled notes, at the Argosy book shop in Manhattan. We immed­
iately purchased them, and wrote to tell him how excited we were at the find. He was sur­
prised and flattered that we thought so highly of him to have bought them just because they
had been his. He was a very modest man, great men sometimes are.
Editor's note: Richard Sloan is currently President of the Lincoln Group of New York and
a writer for the Lincoln Newsletter out of Lincoln College, and, of course, a member of the
Lincoln Group of D.C.
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CORRESPONDENCE FROM OUR MEMBERS The September-October issue of the newsletter brought several interesting letters in re­
sponse to the article "John Wilkes Booth In Stereo?". Dick Gutman, who along with his wife
Kelly, authored John Wilkes Booth Himself, wrote:
"Oh My God! He 1 s fat!" Such was the reaction we had when we tried your stereo trick on
photo G-20 and G-20A. It certainly seemed to produce a stereo image, and this would ~ead
us to believe it was taken with a mulitiple lens camera. We tried the same thing with
variations of G-21, and the result was a hefty and three-dimensional John Wilkes Booth.
Lloyd Ostendorf, Lincoln scholar and photo historian, wrote two letters in which he offered
.the following important information:
Ats~John
Wilkes- ooth did pose for multi-lens cameras, and I have been aWare of this fact
for years. You are right about the 3-D quality to be found in his photo. Gutman's number
28 of Booth was taken with a four-lens cameI'a-,- and 1- have some view.B_ t .o prove that it was,
although I have not yet found all four views. I do not think anyone has ever mentioned
this fact.
In his second letter, Lloyd writes:
Concerning the Booth photos, I believe that at least two Booth poses were taken with 4-lens
cameras, Gutman No. 28, and Gutman No. 25. Gutman No. 28, Booth seated in a cathedral-back
chair: I have the upper pair, A and B, and one of the lower views, probably C. No. 25
standing Booth, Gutman shows a lower view in his book, I have an upper view of the same
pose. It is hard to tell at this point which views we have without the corresponding mate
of the ~airs, but they will yet turn up to prove my observation - that one is an upper
view, and the other a lower view from the multi-lens camera, two up and two images down
on the single plate. As you are probably aware, there is no end to this Lincoln picture
research, as well as other aspects of the Lincoln collecting theme.
Lloyd Ostendorf is
collecting theme.
share their expert
with your thoughts
our readers.
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right! There is no end to Lincoln picture research or to the Lincoln
Thanks to both Dick Gutman and Lloyd for taking the time to write and
knowledge with all of us. We hope the rest of you will write to us
and vast knowledge of the Lincoln theme so we can pass it on to all of
Last, but not least, is a letter f r-Gm-D±-" Richa.x:.d- Mu.dc.Lc_ance.rning..Jlr. Ral®. Brooks _arti c: le
entitled, "Dry Tortugas 1f :
The story of Fort Jefferson and my grandfather (Dr. Samuel Alexander Mudd) by Dr. Brooks
, was one of the best I ever saw. It should make all your readers hop on a plane and take
off to Key West to visit Fort Jefferson. I would be glad to sponsor a tour to Fort Jeff­
erson out of Washington if someone would take the initiative. It wouldn't be cheap, but it
would be a trip that would be long remembered. Dr. Brooks showed a photo of Colonel
Charles Hamilton (photo from the collection of Roger Hunt). This was the first time I
saw his photo. My grandfather appreciated the consideration Colonel Hamilton showed him
and he made a jewel box for him. This jewel box went to the son of Colonel Hamilton and
later the sonis widow, in her 90's, gave it to me. I now have it (see photo). Congratu­
lations to Dr. Brooks for his splendid article.
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And thanks to Dr. Richard Mudd for sending us the photograph of the famous jewel box •
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DR. MUDD TO LECTURE AT YORK COLLEGE Dr. Walter L. Powell of the English Department of York College of Pennsylvania sends us the following letter-announcement concerning a special lecture by Dr. Richard D. Mudd of Saginaw, Michigan: On behalf of the Schmidt Library and the Department of Special Programs at York College, I would like to extend a cordial invitation to you and all the members of the Lincoln Group to attend a free lecture by Dr. Richard Mudd of Saginaw, Michigan on his grand­ father Samuel A. Mudd, to be delivered at the Cora Miller Art Gallery (Miller Administra­ tion Building) on Monday, 19 November at 7:30 PM. I'm sure none of your members need an introduction to Dr. Mudd's efforts on behalf of his grandfather, and his program should · be most interesting. A reception will follow in the Lincoln Gallery of the Schmidt Library, which contains a substantial collection of Lincoln books and memorabilia donated by Dr. William Langston of York. I hope to have the pleasure of meeting you on 19 Nov­
ember. York College is located in York, Pennsylvania on Country Club Road. Those planning on attending Dr. Mudd's lecture should call the College at 717-846-7788 for more specific details on how to get to the college and the Miller Administration Building. .... .... .... ...
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NEW STAMP PORTRAYS LINCOLN AND TAD
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FIRST DAY OF ISSUE
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On Tuesday, October 16, 1984, the United States Postal Service issued a new twenty-cent commemorative
s tamp honoring "America as a Na tion of readers." The sp.-e.cia.L.!!-E-i rst-day" ceremonies were he ld at the
Library of Congress and included several guests including Daniel Boorstin, Librarian of Congress, and
Bradbury Thompson, designer of the stamp. Also present was Lincoln Gr.o up President Joan Chaconas ~Q_______
came home with several beautiful mementoes including autographed first day covers a 0
aTL~ venir programs, Of interest to all of us in this new issue is the design. It portrays Lincoln and his
son Tad who appear to be reading a book together. Actually, they are looking at one of Mathew Brady',
photograph albums used as a sale catalog for Brady's famous portraits. The program mistakenly states
that the stamp design "features an adaptation of a Mathew Brady daguerrotype of Abraham Lincoln read­
ing to his son, Tad." The original Brady photograph is an albumin print and not a daguerrotype.
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LINCOLN DAY BANQUET SET FOR TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 5, 1985.
Early Notice! Our Annual Lincoln Day Banquet will take place this year on Tuesday, Feb­
ruary 5 at Fort Lesley J. McNair. We are pleased to announce that Dr. Mark E. Neely, Jr.
will once again be our special guest speaker. Please make a note of the date and plan to
attend this special celebration of the l76th birthday of Abraham Lincoln.
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