NKDA SOLAR CITY FINAL MASTER PLAN

Transcription

NKDA SOLAR CITY FINAL
MASTER PLAN
Oct 2013
Submitted by
Solar City Master Plan NKDA
PROJECT DETAILS
Project Name:
Master Plan for Development of New Town Kolkata as Solar city under Solar
City Program of Ministry of New & Renewable Energy, Govt. of India
Client:
New Town Kolkata Development Authority
New Kolkata, west Bengal
Work Order No. and Date:
2908/ NKDA/ Admn-186 /2011, dated 14th September 2012
Submission History:
Inception report submitted on 25th October, 2012
Draft Master Plan Submitted on 27 January 2013
Second draft Master Plan Submitted on 23-Apr-2013
Third Draft Master plan Submitted on 24-May-2013
Fourth Draft Master Plan submitted on 19-July-2013
Fifth Draft master Plan submitted on 15-Aug-2013
Final Master Plan Submitted on 27-Aug-2013
Final Master Plan Submitted on 25-Oct-2013
Present Report Checking Mechanism:
Initiator(s):
Sachin Singh Yadav, Senior Associate
Sunita Awadh, Assistant Vice President
Checker(s):
Mr. Pradeep Kumar, Assistant Vice President
Approver(s):
Mr. Yogendra Naik, Head- Infrastructure advisory
i
Acknowledgement
Darashaw & Co. Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai places on record its profound appreciation to
Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE), West Bengal Renewable Energy
Development Agency (WBREDA) and New Town Kolkata Development Authority
(NKDA) for conceiving this unique assignment of “NKDA Solar City”.
Darashaw & Co. is extremely thankful to the NKDA stake holder committee
members for entrusting Darashaw & Co. in carrying out this prestigious assignment
and their coordination and support throughout the study:
1
Sri Sabyasachi Dutta
Honorable MLA.
Chairman
2
Dr.
Member
Chowdhuri Chairman
Renewable Energy College and
Former
Advisor to the Govt. West
Bengal.
Sri
Chief Executive Officer
Member
3
S.P.
Gopal
Gan
Chandra
Ghose
4
Sri P. K. Sengupta
Chief Engineer, NKDA
Chairman
5
Sri Abin De
Executive Engineer-I, NKDA
Member
6
Sri Dilip Kumar Das
Administrative Officer, NKDA
Member
7
The Chief
Engineer(Electrical)
West Bengal Housing
Development
Corporation(WBHIDCO)
Member
8
Sri Pritam Thakur
System Manager, NKDA
Member
9
New Town Electric Supply
Company Ltd.
Techno India College, New
Town.
Member
10
The Managing
Director
The Head of the
Department(Electrical
)
11
The Principal
Delhi Public School, New Town
Member
12
The Executive
Director
The Regional Head
DLF, New Town
Member
Unitech India, New Town.
Member
Bengal Ambuja, New Town
Member
15
Sri Ajay Kumar
Bhowal
Sri. Sandip Raha
Member
16
Sri Goutam Bhadra
New Town Residents Forum, AAI, New Town.
Greenwood Sonata Apartment
13
14
ii
Member
Member
Owners Association,
New Town.
17
Sri Satyabrata
Banerjee
Dr. Keya Ghosh
Director
18
19
Sri Joy Chakraborty
20
Representative of
West
Bengal Pollution
Control
Board
New Town Welfare Association,
New Town.
CUTS international Calcutta
Resource
Centre, (Representative from
NGO
West Bengal Renewable Energy
Development
Agency.
Member
West Bengal Pollution Control
Board.
Member
Member
Member
The Darashaw & Co. Study team is indebted to all the Officers of NKDA for their
invaluable guidance and support throughout the study.
We take this opportunity to express our appreciation for the excellent support
provided by Local Service Providers, and Equipment Suppliers for their active
involvement and their valuable inputs in making the program successful and in
completion of the Solar City Master Plan.
Thanking You
Pradeep Kumar
Assistant Vice President
Darashaw & Company Pvt. Ltd.
6th Floor, Express Building,
14th “E” Road, Churchgate (West),
Mumbai 400 020
iii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The programme of ‘Development of Solar City’ by the Ministry of New and
Renewable Energy (MNRE), Government of India is aimed to promote the use of
Renewable Energy in Urban Areas by providing support to the Urban Local Bodies
(ULBs) for preparation and implementation of a Road Map to develop their cities as
Solar Cities. The target set for the cities under the scheme is to reduce the
consumption of fossil fuel to the extent of 10% in the coming five years. This
target would be achieved through a mix of various Renewable Energy and Energy
Efficiency Projects. This Master Plan is an outcome of the scheme and is prepared
to envision and implement the scheme as per the guidelines of MNRE.
The Master Plan begins with an introduction to the current status of the energy
scenario in cities of the modern world and emphasis on the need of sustainable
practices in the form of renewable energy and energy efficiency. The 2nd chapter
talks about the approach and methodology adopted by the consultant for
preparation of the master plan. 3rd chapter talks about the Renewable energy
policy of West Bengal. 4th chapter talks about the international case studies on the
success stories of similar Solar Cities throughout the world.
The 5th chapter talks about the stakeholder committee meeting and the views,
points and suggestions raised by the various stakeholders during the first
stakeholder committee meeting.
The 6th chapter draws the present energy baseline of New Town Kolkata and
highlights the energy consumption pattern of the last five years.
The 7th chapter talks about the Energy consumption, Forecasting and target setting
of the city. Electricity consumption in the base year 2011-12 was as follows
Consumption of Energy Sources in Year 2011-12
Energy
Electricity
Source
(MU)
Consumption
124
Petrol (KL)
2156
Diesel
(KL)
10040
LPG (MT)
7597
Now if we convert these sources of energy into a common denomination, we can
arrive at equivalent million units of electricity for all these different sources of
energy. The table shows these values converted into the same units of million
equivalent of Electricity produced (in Million Units).
iv
Consumption of Energy Sources in Year 2011-12 converted into Million Units of
electricity equivalent.
Energy
Source
Electricity (MU)
Petrol (MU)
Diesel (MU)
LPG (MU)
124.30
23.20
114.22
97.17
Consumption
Now, the solar city programme envisage a 10% reduction in conventional energy
demand through a combination of various demand side and supply side measures
spread across all the sectors by the end of next 5 years. Accordingly, the target for
New Town Kolkata could be considered as a reduction of 10% of the total energy
demand which turns out to be equal to 85 Million Units of electricity.
The target for the Solar city programme for New Town Kolkata could be taken as
the reduction in the demand of electricity equivalent by 85 MU by next five years
through various supply and demand side measures in residential, commercial and
institutional sectors.
The 8th chapter deals with the Green Building & energy efficiency for buildings in
Residential, Commercial, Municipal and Industrial (IT) sector.
Chapter 9th talks about the energy planning in residential, commercial, municipal
and institutional sector.
The 10th and 11th talk about the various renewable energy and energy efficiency
strategies and the implementable projects in the city. It gives a brief description of
the various projects and the probable strategies that can be adopted in order to
achieve the objectives of the scheme.
v
The 12th chapter talks in detail about the budget and five year action plan for the
implementation of the solar city scheme. The total budgeted yearly expenditure is
estimated as per the table below:
2nd
Year
Cumula
tive
3rd
Year
Cumulat
ive
4th
Year
Cumulat
ive
5th
Year
Cumula
tive
% of
saving
s
target
to
achiev
e
1
3
6
10
14
16%
11016
2
4
7
11
16
19%
13231
2
4
7
11
16
19%
13178
1
5
2
14
4
25
6
38
9
55
10%
65%
7028
37425
1
3
6
9
13
10728
1.60
3.99
7.18
11.17
15.96
16%
18.84
%
0.002
0.005
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02%
16
0.14
0.34
0.61
0.95
1.35
2%
1094
3
8
14
21
30.57
36%
24761
9
21
38
60
85
101%
62186
Energy Saving Target over 5 years period of
implementation (MU per year)
RE & EE Strategy
for New Town
Kolkata
RE for Residential
Sector
RE for commercial
Sector
RE for Municipal
sector
RE for Industrial
sector
Total RE Strategy
EE for Residential
Sector
EE for Commercial
Sector
EE for institutional
sector
EE for Municipal
sector
Total for EE
strategy
RE & EE Combined
Strategy
1st
Year
Emissi
on
reduct
ion
12924
The total indicative budget of solar city is estimated as Rs 316 crore which will be
invested over a five year period. The year wise budget allocation is shown in the
table below.
MNRE Contribution
Renewable Energy Strategy Residential
Renewable Energy Commercial
Renewable Energy Municipal
Renewable Energy Strategy Industrial
25.20%
State /City Contribution
Energy Efficiency Strategy Municipal
vi
Total
(
Lakhs)
Year 1
3699
370
555
740
925
1110
802
1806
80
181
120
271
160
361
201
452
241
542
1669
7976
167
631
250
946
334
1261
417
1577
501
1892
4541
454
681
908
1135
1362
240
24
36
48
60
72
Year2
Year 3
Year
4
Year
5
15.11%
Private User Contribution
Renewable Energy Strategy Residential
Renewable Energy Strategy Commercial
Energy Efficiency Strategy Residential
Energy Efficiency Strategy Commercial
Renewable Energy-Industrial
Energy Efficiency Industrial
59.69%
Grand Total
4781
478
717
956
1195
1434
8631
863
1295
1726
2158
2589
3050
305
458
610
763
915
2459
246
369
492
615
738
851
3893
5
18889
31646
85
389
0
1889
2998
128
584
1
2833
4497
170
779
1
3778
5995
213
973
1
4722
7494
255
1168
1
5667
8993
As per the current schemes of MNRE for eastern states, the total direct contribution
of MNRE has been estimated to be around 25.20 % of the total estimated
expenditure of Solar City. The share of the state/City and end user has been
proposed to be 15.11% and 56.69 % respectively over a period of five years.
However the same is subject to change depending upon the methods of financing
the projects adopted by the state.
The chapter also discusses about the various financing schemes and models in
order to arrange the finances for the proper and timely execution of the various
projects.
At the end, there are various annexure giving details of the action plan for the
utilization of the fund allocated by MNRE for the implementation of the scheme
over a period of five years
The Master Plan provides a framework to compare and analyze the alternative
strategies and policies, in order to facilitate Councils review and decision making
process. Achieving significant reduction in energy consumption requires collective
effort by all city departments, other government departments, business, industries
and citizens. The investigation showed the biggest potential for energy savings in
the residential sector and huge potential for implementation of various solar
projects.
vii
Table of contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................... iv
1
Introduction .................................................................... 1
1.1
BACKGROUND .............................................................................. 1
1.2
ENERGY SCENARIO ....................................................................... 2
1.3
NEED FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY ....................................................... 3
1.4
ROLE OF SOLAR POWER IN ENERGY SECURITY .................................... 3
1.5
GREEN CITY ................................................................................ 4
1.5.1
2
Goals and Objectives ................................................................................................. 4
Approach and Methodology ............................................. 5
2.1
MASTER PLAN FOR SOLAR CITY ....................................................... 5
2.1.1
Objectives ...................................................................................................................... 5
2.2
STUDY APPROACH ........................................................................ 5
2.3
METHODOLOGY ............................................................................ 6
2.3.1
Mobilization ................................................................................................................... 6
2.3.2
Project Instigation ...................................................................................................... 6
2.3.3
Preparation of Energy Baseline for 2012 ........................................................... 7
2.3.4
Demand Forecasting for 2012-13 to 2016-17 ................................................. 7
2.4
3
STRATEGIC VISION ....................................................................... 7
West Bengal policy on cogeneration and Renewable Energy
Sources ................................................................................ 8
3.1
OBJECTIVE OF THE POLICY .............................................................. 8
3.2
3.3
4
GOAL
8
INITIATIVE TAKEN BY THE POLICY FORMULATOR .................................. 9
Success Stories ............................................................. 10
4.1
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 10
4.2
INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED ON SOLAR CITIES ..................................... 10
5
4.2.1
International Solar Cities initiatives (ISCI) .................................................... 10
4.2.2
European Solar Cities Initiatives ......................................................................... 10
4.2.3
Solar city Task force ................................................................................................ 11
4.2.4
European solar cities projects .............................................................................. 11
Stakeholders Consultation ............................................ 13
viii
5.1
FORMATION OF STAKE HOLDER COMMITTEE ..................................... 13
5.1.1
6
Problems and suggestions highlighted by the stakeholders .................... 13
Sector wise Energy Consumption & Baseline ................. 15
6.1
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 15
6.2
ABOUT THE CITY ......................................................................... 15
7
6.2.1
Demographic Profile ................................................................................................ 16
6.2.2
Land Use Pattern ...................................................................................................... 17
6.2.3
Electricity Consumption Scenario ....................................................................... 17
6.2.4
Consumption Scenario of Petroleum Products .............................................. 19
6.2.5
Residential Sector ..................................................................................................... 19
6.2.6
Commercial sector ................................................................................................... 21
Energy Forecasting and Target Setting.......................... 23
7.1
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 23
7.2
PROJECTION FOR ELECTRICITY DEMAND UP TO 2021-22 ................... 23
7.2.1
Residential Sector ..................................................................................................... 24
7.2.2
Commercial Sector ................................................................................................... 25
7.3
IN
PROJECTION OF DEMAND OF PETROL, DIESEL AND LPG FOR NEXT DECADE
BUSINESS AS USUAL (BAU) SCENARIO .......................................................... 26
7.3.1
Projected demand for Petrol and Diesel .......................................................... 26
7.3.2
Projected demand for LPG .................................................................................... 26
7.4
8
TARGET SETTING ........................................................................ 27
Green Building & Energy Efficiency in Buildings ............ 30
8.1
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 30
8.2
BUILDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY – EXISTING POLICY FRAMEWORK ......... 30
8.3
GREEN BUILDING-AN UNDERSTANDING .......................................... 31
8.4
NEED FOR A GREEN BUILDING ....................................................... 32
8.5
BENEFITS AND OUTCOMES OF A GREEN BUILDING ............................... 32
8.6
RATING SYSTEM FOR GREEN BUILDINGS .......................................... 33
8.7
PROCEDURE FOR CERTIFICATION .................................................... 34
8.7.1
Salient Features of Green Building .................................................................... 38
8.8
DEMAND COMPARISON: CONVENTIONAL VIS A VIS
GREEN BUILDING .. 40
8.9
GREEN BUILDING IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK MODEL FOR NKDA .... 40
8.10
STEPS TO BE TAKEN BY NKDA FOR EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF ENERGY
EFFICIENCY IN BUILDINGS.............................................................................. 41
9
Energy Planning ............................................................ 43
ix
9.1
RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCE ASSESSMENT................................... 43
9.1.1
Biomass potential ..................................................................................................... 43
9.1.2
Solar Energy ............................................................................................................... 43
10 Renewable Energy Strategy .......................................... 45
10.1
RESIDENTIAL SECTOR RE STRATEGY ............................................... 45
10.1.1
Solar Water Heaters ................................................................................................ 45
10.1.2
Solar PV for Home Inverters ................................................................................ 46
10.1.3
Solar PV for replacement of DG sets ................................................................. 46
10.1.4
Area Requirement for installation of Solar PV and water heating
system in residential sector ................................................................................................... 47
10.1.5
10.2
Summary of RE strategy for Residential Sector ........................................... 48
COMMERCIAL SECTOR RE STRATEGY ............................................... 49
10.2.1
Installation of Rooftop Solar PV in the Schools & Community Hall ....... 49
10.2.2
Installation of Rooftop Solar PV in the Health Centers & others
commercial establishments .................................................................................................... 49
10.2.3
Installation of Rooftop Solar PV in the Banks ................................................ 50
10.2.4
1 MW Community based Grid Connected Solar Power Plant ................... 51
10.2.5
2 MW Municipal Solid Waste Power Plant on Public Private Partnership
basis
51
10.2.6
Solar water heater for Hotels, Resorts, Hospitals, Medical centers &
Commercial centers. ................................................................................................................. 52
10.2.7
Area Requirement for installation of Solar PV and water heating
system in commercial sector ................................................................................................. 52
10.2.8
10.3
Summary of RE strategy for Commercial Sector ......................................... 54
MUNICIPAL SECTOR RE STRATEGY ................................................. 55
10.3.1
Installation of Rooftop Solar PV in the Government Buildings ................ 55
10.3.2
Installation of Rooftop Solar PV in the Market & Shopping Centers ..... 55
10.3.3
Replacement of conventional street light with solar street light. .......... 56
10.3.4
Installation of solar traffic light........................................................................... 57
10.3.5
Installation of solar Advertising Hoardings. ................................................... 57
10.3.6
Installation of Sewerage Treatment based Biogas power plant ............. 57
10.3.7
Summary of RE strategy for Municipal Sector............................................... 59
10.4
INDUSTRIAL (IT) SECTOR RE STRATEGY ......................................... 60
10.4.1
Installation of Roof Top Solar PV System in High rise buildings having
plot size more than 1000 SqM.............................................................................................. 60
11 Energy Efficiency Strategy ............................................ 61
x
11.1
ENERGY EFFICIENCY STRATEGIES IN RESIDENTIAL SECTOR ................. 61
11.1.1
Replacement of CFL with LED .............................................................................. 61
11.1.2
Replacement of Conventional Ceiling fan with Energy Efficient Ceiling
fans
61
11.1.3
Replacement of Conventional AC with EE Star Rated AC.......................... 62
11.1.4
Summary of EE strategy for Residential Sector............................................ 63
11.2
COMMERCIAL SECTOR EE STRATEGY ............................................... 64
11.2.1
Replacement of CFL with LED .............................................................................. 64
11.2.2
Replacement of T12/T8 with T5 Tube Light ................................................... 64
11.2.3
Replacement of conventional Ceiling fan with EE ceiling fan................... 65
11.2.4
Replacement of conventional AC with Star Rated AC ................................. 65
11.2.5
Energy Saving through Green Buildings .......................................................... 66
11.2.6
Summary of EE strategy for Commercial Sector .......................................... 66
11.3
11.3.1
INDUSTRIAL (IT) SECTOR EE STRATEGY ......................................... 67
Replacement of T12 with 15 W LED .................................................................. 67
Assumptions: ............................................................................................................................... 67
11.3.2
Replacement of T12 / T8 by T5 Tube light ..................................................... 67
Assumptions: ............................................................................................................................... 67
11.3.3
Replacement of ceiling fan with EE ceiling fan .............................................. 68
Assumptions: ............................................................................................................................... 68
11.3.4
Replacement of conventional air conditioners with EE air conditioners
68
Assumptions: ............................................................................................................................... 68
11.3.5
11.4
Summary of EE strategy for Industrial (IT) sector. .................................... 69
MUNICIPAL SECTOR EE STRATEGY ................................................. 70
11.4.1
Replacement of 400 W HPSV with 160 W LED .............................................. 70
11.4.2
Replacement of 250 W HPSV with 100 W LED .............................................. 71
11.4.3
Replacement of 150 W HPSV with 70 W LED ................................................ 72
11.4.4
Electricity Saving by Design Efficiency in Water pumping system. ....... 72
11.4.5
Electricity saving by installation of Variable frequency Drives (VFD) in
Water pumping system. .......................................................................................................... 73
11.4.6
Summary of EE strategy Municipal Sector...................................................... 74
12 Budget & Action Plan..................................................... 75
12.1
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN ............................................................... 75
12.2
ANNUAL ENERGY SAVING TARGET .................................................. 77
12.3
ANNUAL BUDGET ALLOCATION ...................................................... 78
12.3.1
xi
Indicative Budget for Renewable Energy ........................................................ 78
12.3.2
Indicative Budget for Energy Efficiency ........................................................... 79
12.4
ACTION PLAN ............................................................................ 82
12.5
CAPACITY BUILDING AND AWARENESS GENERATION .......................... 82
12.5.1
Capacity Building for Green Buildings .............................................................. 83
REFERENCES 84
ANNEXURE 1- ACTION PLAN FOR UTILIZATION OF FUNDS ...................................... 86
ANNEXURE 2- SUMMARY OF RE STRATEGIES....................................................... 88
ANNEXURE 3- SUMMARY OF EE STRATEGIES ....................................................... 90
ANNEXURE 4- YEAR WISE ACTION PLAN FOR SOLAR CITY PROJECT ......................... 92
ANNEXURE 5- PRIMARY SURVEY DATA .............................................................. 93
ANNEXURE 6- INITIATIVE TAKEN BY NKDA ..................................................... 109
ANNEXURE 7- LIST OF SOLAR CITY MEMBERS.................................................... 110
ANNEXURE 7- LIST OF STAKEHOLDER COMMITTEE MEMBERS ................................. 111
ANNEXURE 8- SOLAR CITY APPROVAL LETTER FROM MNRE ................................. 112
ANNEXURE 8- EXISTING PROJECT DETAILS ...................................................... 113
LIST OF TABLES
Table 6.1: Year wise population: urban Agglomeration – New Town
Kolkata ..................................................................................................... 16
Table 6.2: Sector wise Average number of consumers ............................. 18
Table 6.3: Social & Geographical profile of New Town Kolkata ........................... 19
Table 7.1: Consumption of Energy Sources in Year 2011-12 ............................ 27
Table 7.2: Consumption of Energy Sources in Year 2011-12 converted into Million
Units (MU) of electricity equivalent. ............................................................... 28
Table 7.3: Projected Consumption of energy from Conventional sources in 201617. ............................................................................................................ 28
Table 7.4: Projected Consumption of energy from Conventional sources in 202122 ............................................................................................................. 28
Table 7.5: Target Reduction of conventional Energy @10% ............................. 28
Table 9.1: List of Projects Identified for New Town Kolkata to implement solar
Power Project ............................................................................................. 43
Table 10.1: Target for SWH installation in New Town Kolkata City ........... 45
Table 10.2: Solar PV for Home Invertors ........................................................ 46
Table 10.3: Solar PV for Replacement of DG Sets ............................................ 46
Table 10.4: Summary of RE Strategy for Residential Sector .............................. 48
xii
Table 10.5: Roof Top Solar PV System in Schools & Community Hall ................. 49
Table 10.6: Roof Top Solar PV - Health Care Centers, Hotels, Resorts etc. .......... 50
Table 10.7: Rooftop Solar in Banks ................................................................ 50
Table 10.8: 1 MW Community Based Grid Connected Power Plant ..................... 51
Table 10.9: 2 MW Grid Connected Municipal Solid Waste based Power Plant ....... 51
Table 10.10: SWH for Hotels, Resorts, Hospitals, Medical centers etc. ................ 52
Table 10.11: Summary of RE strategy for Commercial Sector ........................... 54
Table 10.12: Roof Top Solar PV System in Government Buildings ...................... 55
Table 10.13: Roof Top Solar PV System in Market & Shopping Centre ................ 56
Table 10.14: Replacement of Conventional street lights with Solar Street Lights . 56
Table 10.15: Solar Traffic Lights ................................................................... 57
Table 10.16: RE system for Advertisement Hoardings ...................................... 57
Table 10.17: Sewerage Treatment based biogas power plant ............................ 58
Table 10.18: Summary of RE strategy for Municipal Sector ............................... 59
Table 10.19: Roof Top Solar PV System in High Rise Buildings having plot size
more than 1000 Sq.M .................................................................................. 60
Table 11.1: Replacement of CFL with LED ...................................................... 61
Table 11.2: Replacement of conventional ceiling fan with Energy Efficient fans ... 62
Table 11.3: Replacement of conventional AC with EE star rated ACs .................. 62
Table 11.4: Summary of EE Strategy for Residential Sector .............................. 63
Table 11.5: Replacement of CFL with LED ...................................................... 64
Table 11.6: Replacement of T12 / T8 light by T5 Tube Light ............................. 64
Table 11.7: Replacement of Conventional ceiling fan with Energy Efficient Fans .. 65
Table 11.8: Replacement of Conventional air conditioners with EE star rated ACs 65
Table 11.9: Summary of EE strategy for commercial sector .............................. 66
Table 11.10: Replacement of T12 with 15 W LED in all the premises.................. 67
Table 11.11: Replacement of T12 / T8 Tube Lights with T5 Tube Light .............. 67
Table 11.12: Replacement of Conventional Ceiling fan with Energy Efficient Ceiling
Fans .......................................................................................................... 68
Table 11.13: Replacement of Conventional air conditioners with EE air conditioners
................................................................................................................. 69
Table 11.14: Summary of EE strategy for Industrial (IT) sector......................... 69
Table 11.15: Replacement of 400 W HPSV with 160 W LED .............................. 70
Table 11.16: Replacement of 250 W HPSV with 100 W LED .............................. 71
xiii
Table 11.17: Replacement of 70 W HPSV with 28 W LED .................................. 72
Table 11.18: Improvement in Design Efficiency ............................................... 72
Table 11.19: Improvement in Design Efficiency ............................................... 73
Table 11.20: Summary of EE strategy Municipal Sector .................................... 74
Table 12.1: Year wise Energy Saving Target ................................................... 77
Table 12.2: Year wise budget Allocation for RE projects ................................... 78
Table 12.3: Year wise budget Allocation for EE projects ................................... 79
Table 12.4: Budget Contribution ............................................................... 81
List of Figures
Figure 6-1: Satellite Image of New Town Kolkata city .............................. 15
Figure 6-2: Population Growth of New Town Kolkata ............................... 16
Figure 6-3: Land use pattern of New Town Kolkata .................................. 17
Figure 6-4: Total Annual Electricity consumption (MU) ............................ 17
Figure 6-5: Sectoral electricity use pattern .............................................. 18
Figure 6-6: Annual consumption of Petroleum Products (MU) .................. 19
Figure 6-7: Annual electricity Consumption – domestic (MU) ................... 20
Figure 6-8: Household Energy consumption pattern ................................ 20
Figure 6-9: Contribution of different luminaries in electricity consumption
................................................................................................................. 21
Figure 6-10: Commercial Sector Electricity Consumption ......................... 22
Figure 6-11: No. of Commercial consumers .............................................. 22
Figure 7-1: Projected population data for New Town Kolkata .................. 23
Figure 7-2 Total Projected Annual Electricity consumption (MU) in BAU
scenario ................................................................................................... 24
Figure 7-3: Projected Annual Electricity consumption (MU) in BAU scenario
– Residential ............................................................................................ 24
Figure 7-4: Projected Annual Electricity consumption (MU) in BAU scenario
– Commercial ........................................................................................... 25
Figure 7-5: Projected Annual Petrol & Diesel consumption (KL) in BAU
scenario ................................................................................................... 26
Figure 7-6: Projected Annual LPG consumption (MT) in BAU scenario ..... 27
xiv
1
1.1
Introduction
Background
The inevitable process of urbanization brought with the environmental degradation,
besmirched quality of life and knocked out the root of sustainable development of
cities and towns. The limited resource bases of cities are not able to cope with the
ever increasing pressure of people migrating from rural areas for the variety of
reasons.
The people and governments are already working hard to cut greenhouse gases,
and everyone can help. It should be our moral mission to get actively involved for
preventing degradation of our environment and save the planet.
Cities are spatial manifestations of human and economic activities; buildings form a
crucial part of this spatial manifestation. Estimates put construction alone
responsible for approximately 40 percent of the total energy use worldwide, most
of which is sourced from fossil fuels.
With nearly 8% rise in annual energy consumption in the residential and
commercial sectors, building energy consumption has seen an increase from a low
14 percent in 1970s to nearly 33 percent in 2004-05.
Residential Energy Consumption in India
In India residential sector is responsible for 13.3 percent of total commercial
energy use. Energy sources are mainly being electricity, kerosene, firewood, crop
residue and renewable energy such as solar, wind, hydro. During the period 19902003, the two commercial fuels LPG and Electricity has grown at the average
annual growth rate of 11.26 percent and 8.25 percent respectively.
Residential energy consumption can be broadly divided into six categories such as:
Lighting, Cooking, Space Conditioning, Refrigeration, Water, Heating and Others.
Commercial Sector Energy Consumption
In India, 60 percent of the total electricity is consumed for lighting, 32 percent for
space conditioning and 8 percent for refrigeration in the commercial sector. The
commercial sector comprises various institutional and industrial establishments
such as: Banks, Hotels, Shopping Complexes, Offices, and Public Departments
supplying basic utilities.
Environmentalists have suggested one approach by reducing greenhouse gases
emissions from a variety of sources with technologies available, rather than relying
1
on an enormous change in a single area. Strategies for mitigation of global
warming include development of new technologies; carbon offsets; renewable
energy such as biodiesel, solar power, biomass, geothermal and wind power;
electric or hybrid automobiles; fuel cells; energy conservation; carbon credits;
carbon taxes; enhancing natural carbon dioxide sinks; population control; and
carbon capture & storage. Many environmental groups encourage individual
lifestyle and political action against global warming. Plants and trees absorb CO2 as
they grow, "sequestering" carbon naturally.
1.2
Energy Scenario
In the past sixty years India has achieved remarkable growth in development of
electricity systems, from a meager installed capacity of around 1350 MW to
210936.72 MW of installed capacity as on 30th Nov 2012. While this growth is
impressive, the needs of the nation are daunting. Some facts
With 17.31% of world’s population India has
o
o
Only 0.6% of global oil reserves and 7 % of coal reserves
o
Rapidly growing Economy (2003-09) 8%; to grow 8-10% per annum
o
Indian Power Sector (as of 30th Nov 2012)
o
Installed Capacity: 211 GW (per capita 779 kWh)
o
Target to add 62 GW by 2012 (per capita 1000 kwh)
India needs 300 GW of incremental power generation
o
o
Capacity to be added over the next 10 years
GOI target for renewable Energy
o
o
12.5% by 2012 and 20% by 2020
However if India has to ensure GDP growth rate in excess of 8% for a sustained
period of time, it has to ensure sufficient energy supply for industrial and
commercial activity in the country, as energy is an essential input in the economic
activity. To achieve this and to ensure sufficient electricity to all at reasonable
rates, it is not only necessary to have an efficient and competitive power sector but
there is also a need to explore all possible options for electricity generation and
distribution.
2
1.3
Need for Renewable Energy
India has been dependant on fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas for its energy
requirements. As per data provided by Ministry of Power (MoP) today, more than
57% of its capacity is coal fuel dependant. Despite the recent discoveries of gas as
well as initiatives to develop coal reserves, it is likely that our dependence on fossil
fuels will continue in near future. However, in the last couple of years, the price of
fossil fuels has shown a consistent upward trend.
As per data published by Ministry of Petroleum and natural Gas in Economic Report
“Basic Statistics on Indian Petroleum & Natural Gas, 2011-12” India imports in
year 2011-12 were about 81% of its total oil consumption and considering the past
trend this share of imported oil is expected to reach 90% by 2031-32. The story of
coal imports is not expected to be significantly different. It is envisaged that India
will be importing 50-60 million tons of coal every year by the end of the eleventh
five year plan. Given this scenario, it is of paramount importance that the country
develops all possible domestic energy sources. India cannot afford to ignore any
source of energy just because those sources are currently expensive, because the
economic loss due to non – supply of electricity will be greater than the cost of
selected sources of energy.
1.4
Role of Solar Power in Energy Security
While wind has been a success story in India and has great potential, wind is
extremely site specific and therefore, not suitable or large scale distributed
generation. Further the total wind potential (approx 50 GW) in the country is much
less as compared to the total solar energy potential (approx 600 GW). Further, this
estimated potential is done at current targets for technology efficiency. If
technology is improved, solar energy potential could be further increased
significantly.
Further, solar energy systems do not require any fuel and therefore, operating
costs are negligible. Over a life time cycle, the costs of the solar energy
applications like large solar farms, roof top installations, telecom towers etc. can be
lower than that of conventional energy products especially the more expensive and
highly polluting diesel generators. The other advantages of solar energy systems
are that they are modular in nature, have long life, are reliable, and require low
maintenance effort. This distributed source of energy is uniquely suitable for India.
3
1.5
Green City
The smart solution to the problem of unplanned growth of cities and towns would
be to make affordable a new level of quality townships that would seriously
consider the important role that environmental issues play globally, locally and
domestically. Thus, the concept of the Green City was conceived.
What our cities will look like in the future will depend on, how they are planned or,
much more important; whether they are planned at all. The key point is that
planning has a key role in ensuring sustainability.
Many of the problems associated with our cities have happened because they have
not been planned, or the planning has been ineffective or misdirected. Planning has
seldom kept pace with the scale of urban growth and rapid urbanization it has also
been unresponsive to the needs of the poor. Forced evictions in some cities have
been justified by the so called need for "proper planning".
1.5.1 Goals and Objectives
The Goal of the Solar City program is to promote the use of Renewable Energy in
Urban Areas by providing support to the New Town for preparation and
implementation of a Road Map to develop their cities as Solar Cities. The objectives
of the programme are given below:
o
To enable/empower Urban Local Governments to address energy challenges
at City - level.
o
To provide a framework and support to prepare a Master Plan including
assessment of current energy situation, future demand and action plans
o
To build capacity in the Urban Local Bodies and create awareness among all
sections of civil society.
o
To involve various stakeholders in the planning process
o
To oversee the implementation of sustainable energy options through public - private
partnerships.
4
2
2.1
Approach and Methodology
Master Plan for Solar City
Master plan for solar city is both a perspective and a vision for the future
development of a city; as a renewable energy city or an eco green city minimizing
the demand for conventional energy at the end of fifth year. It presents the current
stage of the city’s existing energy demand and supply scenario. It sets out the
directions of change, to reduce the demand for conventional sources, assessment
of various renewable energy resources and identifying the thrust areas. It also
suggests alternative routes, strategies, and interventions for decreasing the
demand for conventional energy resources and to make renewable energy &
energy efficiency be able to reduce at least 10% of the projected total demand of
conventional energy. It provides a framework and vision within which projects need
to be identified and implemented. It establishes a logical and consistent framework
for evaluation of investment decisions.
Master plan for development of New Town Kolkata as a Solar City is initiated by
New
Town Kolkata Development Authority
(NKDA) under the
scheme for
development of solar cities, a scheme of MNRE.
2.1.1 Objectives
The objective of development of Solar Cities is for:
Preparation of a master plan for increasing energy efficiency and renewable
energy supply in the city
Setting-up institutional arrangements for the implementation of the master
plan.
Awareness generation and capacity building activities.
The program aims at minimum 10% reduction in projected demand of conventional
energy at the end of tenth year, which can be achieved through a combination of
energy efficiency measures and enhancing supply from renewable energy sources.
Out of this at least 5% will be from renewable energy sources.
2.2
Study Approach
The master plan exercise will be carried out through consistent stakeholder
participation at various stages. Focus Group Discussion will be organized in
all the stakeholder meetings to familiarize them with the purpose, process,
and expected outcomes, and to build enthusiasm, understanding and
commitment to the development of solar city. This helps in arriving at a
5
consensus between NKDA and other stakeholders in confirming the
identified sector strategies and various projects identified.
Preparation of a master plan is a multi-stage exercise, involving:
In-depth
analysis
of
the
existing
situation,
covering
the
detailed
documentation of the existing energy demand and supply scenario for the
city: The purpose of this stage is to review and analyze the current status of
the city with regard to sector wise energy consumption and energy supply.
Demand forecasting from financial year 2012-13 to 2016-17: Using the
results of the first stage of analysis combined with consultations with key
stakeholders and civil society, demand for energy is forecasted, by
determining growth in energy use in different sectors.
Formulating sector wise strategies, based on the techno economic feasibility
of different renewable energy and energy efficiency options for each sector.
2.3
Methodology
The Consultant has rich experience in working on similar assignments on
city development plans and renewable energy in the past and hence the
consultant has laid thrust on two aspects while developing the methodology.
One is the past experience on similar kind of assignments and the other is
related to the project requirement.
2.3.1 Mobilization
Immediately after the signing of the contract and the orders to commence
work, the Consultant mobilized the project team. Team comprising of
planners and renewable energy specialists will study the intricacies of the
project and hold discussions with the NKDA and concerned departments on
the work plan that can be adopted for various stakeholder meetings,
primary and secondary data collection and identification of various sector
specific strategies.
2.3.2 Project Instigation
This task involved several sub tasks like:
Reviewing case studies on various documents related to Green Cities/ eco
cities prepared nationally and internationally.
Meetings and consultations with stakeholders
Appreciation of prevailing development policies
6
2.3.3 Preparation of Energy Baseline for 2012
Task 01: Database Identification and Anthology
Primary and secondary data forms the backbone of any kind of research
work and also helps in focusing the study towards the definite approach.
Under this task, the database required and the departments responsible for
such kind of data was identified at urban level during the data collection.
Secondary data would be collected in relation to different sectors.
Apart from the secondary data, sample surveys was conducted to cover
aspects such as energy consuming appliances, consumption patterns,
consumer preferences; efficiency of use etc by detailed survey of various
household of various categories
Task 02: Preparation of energy baseline report
Here, all the information collected from Secondary and primary sources are
analyzed to arrive at the energy baseline for each sector. In order to develop a
better understanding of the energy consumption and supply of different sectors.
2.3.4 Demand Forecasting for 2012-13 to 2016-17
The energy demand for each of the sectors is established. This is done by taking
into account the various projects that are going to come up in New Town Kolkata
based on the city developmental plans, based on electricity infrastructure.
2.4
Strategic Vision
Strategic vision for developing NKDA as a solar city has been decided on the basis
of stakeholder consultation and focused group discussion during the preparation of
solar city master plan.
7
3
West Bengal policy on
cogeneration and Renewable
Energy Sources
West Bengal has come up with a first-ever policy on co-generation and generation of
Electricity from Renewable Sources of Energy. This policy will lead to generate
Electricity from Renewable sources of Energy. This is a major step to harness
renewable energy and develop renewable energy projects in the state.
This policy envisages substantial increase in electricity generation from renewable
energy sources including co-generation so as to reach 1040 MW by 2017 and 2706
MW by 2022, compared to the present installed capacity of 193 MW.
The state of West Bengal, India has an estimated potential of generating 2206 MW
(excluding solar) of electricity from RE sources. Total achievement until date has
been around 193 MW. The west Bengal Electricity Regulatory Commission (WBERC)
has mandated 4% of total procurement of electricity from RE sources as Renewable
Purchase obligation (RPO) by 2012-13.
3.1
Objective of the policy
The objective of the Renewable Energy Policy of this state is to promote and facilitate
the growth of generation of electricity from renewable energy sources by way of
optimum utilization of the RE potential in the state. The policy is also aimed at
removing
constraints
by providing
a
guiding
framework
for promotion
and
development of appropriate RE technologies.
3.2
Goal
For the currently proven renewable technologies in the state, the targets till the end
of 13th five year plan (2022) are set as below:
Sr.
RE Sources
No.
Potential (in
Existing
Target
Target
MW)
Installed
cumulative
cumulative
capacity (in
by 2017 (in
by 2022 (in
MW)
MW)
MW)
1
Wind Power
450
2
75
450
2
Mini & Small Hydro
394
97
220
394
3
Co-generation 1
600
69
355
600
8
4
Biomass
662
16
240
662
5
Waste to Energy 2
100
7
50
100
6
Solar
NA
2
100
500
7
Total
2206
193
1040
2706
3.3
Initiative taken by the policy formulator
It shall be mandatory for all the public buildings to have solar devices to meet
electricity requirements and other applications. All existing and upcoming commercial
and business establishments having more than 1.5 MW of contract demand will be
required to install solar rooftop systems to meet at least 2% of their total electrical
load. Further, all the existing and upcoming schools and colleges, hospitals, large
housing societies and Government establishments having a total contract demand of
more than 500 KW will be required to install solar rooftop systems to meet at least
1.5% of their total electrical load.
Moreover, the industrial infrastructure coming under the recent initiatives of the
Government of West Bengal to encourage rapid industrialization of the State in the
form of growth centers, industrial parks, intelligent parks etc. shall mandatorily
employ the usage of the rooftop PV installations to meet some part of the in-house
demand. The Policy envisages establishment of rooftop and small-scale PV
installations across the unused rooftop areas and vacant spaces in the premises of
these establishments. The Policy envisages a target of 16 MW of rooftop and small
PV installations by the year 2017.
9
4
4.1
Success Stories
Introduction
A large proportion of the world’s population lives in cities, towns and urban regions,
in which three quarters of the overall energy consumption occurs. Urbanization and
economic development are leading to a rapid rise in energy demand in urban areas.
The urban areas are heavily dependent on fossil fuels for maintaining essential public
services for powering homes, transport, infrastructure, industry and commerce etc.
It is generally recognized that a transformation of the present energy system is
required in order to secure the energy supply and to mitigate the risks of climate
change. The transformation can be made possible by a shift towards Renewable
Energy Systems (RES) and a more national use of energy. One of the approaches to
achieve such a transformation might be to convert more number of cities to solar
cities.
4.2
Institutions involved on Solar Cities
Several institutions working on solar cities are given below.
•
European Solar cities initiatives (ESCI)
•
International Solar cities initiatives (ISCI)
•
Solar city Task force
The following section discusses briefly about the initiatives and activities undertaken
by these institutions.
4.2.1 International Solar Cities initiatives (ISCI)
International Solar cities initiative is the group who had organized the first solar
cities congress in Daegu, Korea in 2004. The primary focus of ISCI is to set up the
target for introduction of renewable energy and reduction of green house gas
emissions on a longer term.
4.2.2 European Solar Cities Initiatives
The aim of the initiative is to support the European energy and climate policy by
stimulating the interests of European “high performance” cities and surrounding
regions (prospective “Solar cities”), the European research community and the
European sustainable energy industry.
The initiative will mobilize a critical mass of participants to find efficient and rapid
ways of implementing Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and Rational Use of Energy
(RUE) in European cities through research, development, demonstration and
information dissemination activities and through stakeholder participation (citizen
10
and others). The goal is to speed up the transformation of the European cities into
solar cities.
A working definition of solar city is a city that aims at reducing the level of green
house gas emissions through a holistic strategy for the introduction of RES and RUE
to a climate stable and thus sustainable level in the year 2050.
4.2.3 Solar city Task force
Solar city task force is an advisory service to assist towns, cities etc. integrating
renewable energy technologies and energy conservation and efficiency measures in
order to reduce the green house gas emission. A general methodology has been
developed based on the experiences and best practices adopted by different
institutions internationally for providing such services.
4.2.4 European solar cities projects
The European Solar cities projects (EU Solar Cities) aims at promoting the wider and
larger scale use of renewable energy (RE) within the context of long term planning
for sustainable urban development. It is basically a study that addresses the
planning and application of technologies for utilizing RES and RUE in an urban
context and their relevance for reducing CO2 emissions.
Solar city is seen as a city that has made firm commitments in order to reduce green
house gas emission targets while incorporating renewable energy technologies.
Within the scope of this project several activities were conducted.
•
The collection and assessment of information about different activities and
programmes of selected European cities and city networks, with a description
on their implementation and an assessment of their impact.
•
The examination of these activities assisted in the development of two guide
books for city actors, namely:
•
Good practice guide
•
Guide on CO2 reduction potential in cities.
The results encompass a range of informative materials, with recommendations for
replication to city actors and local governments.
The good practice guide is useful for city actors that require ideas and information for
planning their own activities and strategies to implement clean energy sources and
promote the reduction of harmful emissions. A set of generic good practices have
been identified , which represent a good starting point for cities that require an
introduction to the concept of implementing RES and RUE strategies and activities.
The CO2 reduction potential assessment and issues impacting on CO2 balances, is a
comprehensive report that addresses reduction targets and baseline targets. This is
particularly useful for guiding cities interested in implementing a strategy, with basic
steps identified to assist this process.
11
It has to be noted that there are many different approaches that are, and can be,
used by cities, with different baselines and varied ways of presenting emissions
reduction results. Although scientists are not unanimous in agreeing to the best way
to measure emissions, or the most effective way to calculate emission reductions,
the project team has the view that a delay in implementing the strategies and
activities that will adequately reduce harmful emissions is in itself the most
damaging approach.
Under this study eight cities were identified. Cities were selected from Austria,
Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany and Italy. Sixty three city good practices from
seven cities and one housing association have been identified. Every city needs to
consider the results of its actions in terms of energy used and the effect it has on the
environment.
A range of good practices recommended for replication have been identified and
present a guide to urban actions that contribute to sustainability in cities, and actions
that strengthen networks.
•
63 city good practices
•
22 city network good practices.
12
5
Stakeholders Consultation
The success of the Solar City Master Plan depends on the extent of people
participation. As it is very rightly said “Planning is an exercise ‘For’ the people,
‘Of’ the people and ‘By’ the people”. People perception and views should be
given an important position in any development programme as the whole exercise
is done for the common good of the people.
As per the guidelines, Consultants were supposed to organize its first inception
workshop with assistance from NKDA. The aim of the workshop was to familiarize
various stakeholders the purpose, process and expected outcomes of the Master
Plan. Stakeholders included elected representatives, Municipal commissioner and
people from local departments like PWD, Electricity Department, Town and country
planning department, development Authority.
5.1
Formation of Stake Holder Committee
A stake holder committee comprising of the NKDA staff, electricity department,
NGOs, WBREDA, and HIDCO etc. was formed by NKDA in beginning of the project.
The stake holder committee members participate in the discussions at every stage
during the course of preparation of the City Development Plan. The Steering Group
members of New Town Kolkata Solar City Cell are as follows:
o
Chief Executive Officer, NKDA
o
Director WBREDA, west Bengal
o
Member, HIDCO
o
Executive Engineer, NTESCL (New Town Electricity Supply Company Ltd.)
5.1.1 Problems and suggestions highlighted by the stakeholders
The
problems
and
issues
identified
by
the
elected
representatives
and
administrative staff and other stakeholders are encapsulated as under:
Primary Survey type has to be Presented, like questionnaire filled,
consumers approached etc.
Transport Sector has been included as much as possible in Solar City master
plan. Due to technical and geographical constraints direct intervention is not
possible at this stage in transport sector. NKDA should introduce battery
operated vehicle for reducing the conventional fuel demand in transport
sector.
Project to be Included: Solar Panel mounted on top of the Building to
capture the sunlight and feed the electricity generated into the grid.
13
Solar Water heating system & Star ratings of Buildings should be Promoted
in housing complex and commercial buildings.
Canal rooftop based solar system should be proposed for Link Canal should
be used as indicative project in Master Plan.
Renewable energy and water conservation projects should be identified for
IT Industries.
Separate chapter for IT Industries should be included in Master Plan
describing the scope, opportunities of energy saving like using occupancy
censors and also quantify the savings.
Separate chapter on Green Building should be included in Master Plan.
Bus Depot and Bus stands should also be considered for installation of solar
rooftop systems.
In the presentation the total capacity of the solar rooftop potential should
be provided in the next column with respect to the rooftop area available on
the building.
Waste to energy analysis for future should be made in the Master Plan, like
type of project, area required for the project, cost of project, technology
used.
14
Buildings or parks can be utilized for street lighting through solar energy.
6
Sector wise Energy
Consumption & Baseline
6.1
Introduction
Energy baseline is the amount of energy that would be consumed annually in
Business As Usual (BAU) scenario. This BAU is without consideration of any energy
conservation measure and is entirely dependent upon the historical data,
engineering calculations, metered energy consumption in systems, building load
simulation model, statistical regression analysis or a combination of these. This
chapter is focused on present energy consumption in residential, institutional,
commercial and municipal sector with its overall energy consumption scenario for
New Town Kolkata city.
6.2
About the city
The city is located in West Bengal State on the east bank of the Hooghly river. It is
situated at latitude of 22.567 º and Longitude of 88.367º. Kolkata is religiously and
ethnically diverse centre of culture in Bengal and India. Kolkata is subject to
a tropical wet-and-dry climate that is designated Aw under the Köppen climate
classification.
Figure 6-1: Satellite Image of New Town Kolkata city
15
The New Town, Kolkata was created in the eastern outskirts of Kolkata to serve the
dual purposes of (i) establishing new business centre to reduce the mounting
pressure on the existing Central Business Districts (CBD) and (ii) increasing
housing stock supply by creating new residential units.
6.2.1 Demographic Profile
The Figure below gives us the population data for New Town Kolkata. The table 6.1
shown below gives us the yearly population, its increase in absolute terms as well
as in percentage for New Town Kolkata.
Figure 6-2: Population Growth of New Town Kolkata
1200000
1000000
800000
600000
Population
400000
200000
0
Table 6.1: Year wise population: urban Agglomeration – New Town
Kolkata
Year
16
Population
2011
2012
2013
6324
14325
25000
2014
80000
2015
160000
2016
300000
2017
450000
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
600000
700000
800000
860000
920000
2023
980000
6.2.2 Land Use Pattern
The total area of New Town Kolkata is 3779 ha. The land use as per West Bengal
Housing Infrastructure Development Corporation Ltd. is as shown in figure 6.3
Figure 6-3: Land use pattern of New Town Kolkata
Water Treatment
Plant
1%
Action Area-CBD
5%
Garbage Disposal
Centre
2%
Action area I
18%
Action area IV
19%
Action area II
34%
Action area III
21%
6.2.3 Electricity Consumption Scenario
In order to have a better understanding about energy conservation potential, it is
imperative to understand the profile of the energy consumption under the business
as usual scenario (BAU). The following sections focus on present energy
consumption pattern in residential, industrial and commercial sector with its overall
energy consumption scenario.
Figure 6-4: Total Annual Electricity consumption (MU)
Electricity Consumption
140
124.301
120
91.52
100
80
61.551
60
40
27.61
42.545
20
0
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
The total energy consumption for New Town Kolkata city is shown in the Figure
6.4. As can be seen from the figure, the electricity consumption has become 3.5
times that of the year 2007-08 and it stands at 124 MU for the year 2011-12.
17
Figure 6-5: Sectoral electricity use pattern
Others
3%
Residential
16%
Commercial
81%
Residential
Commercial
Others
Source: NTESCL
Figure 6.5 shown gives us an idea about sectoral electricity use pattern of New
Town Kolkata city for the year 2011-12. It shows that commercial and followed by
residential sectors are the most power consuming sector and others are having
only 3% of total consumption.
Table 6.2: Sector wise Average number of consumers
Type of user
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
Residential
3289
4031
5746
8270
11884
Commercial
7
10
20
28
46
Institutional
2
2
2
2
2
Other (Public utility)
8
8
8
9
9
Total
3306
4051
5776
8309
11941
Source: NTESCL
The average number of consumer per year has been shown in the table 5.2 for
domestic and commercial sector. Other sectors have not shown marked variation
with respect to number of consumers in the last five years. The number of
commercial consumers has increased 6 times in the past 5 year, and the number of
domestic consumers has been trebled. It shows the rapid pace with which
commercial activities are growing in the city.
18
6.2.4 Consumption Scenario of Petroleum Products
The transport, commercial, institutional and residential sectors are the major
consumers of petroleum products (Petrol, Diesel and LPG). Liquid Petroleum Gas
(LPG) is mainly used in commercial, institutional and residential sector. Petrol and
diesel are used mainly in transport, residential, commercial and institutional
sectors. The following figure shows the annual consumption pattern of petroleum
products for the last 5 years.
Figure 6-6: Annual consumption of Petroleum Products (MU)
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
2007-08
2008-09
Petrol (MU)
2009-10
Diesel (MU)
2010-11
2011-12
LPG (MU)
Source : BPCL & IOCL area office
The consumption of petroleum products is increasing, especially for petrol and
diesel. It clearly shows that there has been a considerable change in annual petrol
consumption pattern. The consumption of petrol and diesel has increased
substantially in the last couple of year. The increase in consumption of petrol may
be attributed to transportation sector as the number of households has increased
substantially in the last couple of year. Further, the number of commercial
establishments has increased substantially in the last couple of year to cater to this
increase in the floating population. Consumption of diesel has decreased in last 2
years. The consumption of LPG in the city has increased in the past 5 years due to
rise in commercial activity and increase in household consumption.
6.2.5 Residential Sector
The population of New Town Kolkata city is 14325 for 2012. The Socio economic
profile of New Town Kolkata is indicated in the Table 6.3 below.
Table 6.3: Social & Geographical profile of New Town Kolkata
Particulars
Year- 2012
Population
14325
19
Area (ha)
3779
Number of households
8270
Figure 6-7: Annual electricity Consumption – domestic (MU)
Residential
25
20
20
15
15
10
11
8
5
4
0
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
The annual electricity consumption pattern is shown in the figure 6.7.. As can be
seen from the figure, the consumption of energy has increased drastically in the
last five years in New Town Kolkata.
Kolkata. Currently it stands at around 20 MU of
electricity.
Figure 6-8:: Household Energy consumption pattern
Washing
Machine
10%
AC
37%
Microwave
15%
CFL (25W)
3%
Fan
2%
Electric toaster
11%
TV
3%
Geyser
15%
20
Refrigerator
4%
Since it’s a new city, it is assumed that all the households are electrified. The
household electricity consumption pattern based on our sample survey is indicated
in the figure 6.8. It shows that the AC is having maximum connected load in the
total load. Largest chunk of electricity is being used in operating the AC followed by
Microwave as every household use these appliances on daily basis. A nominal
portion of electricity is used in Television. The same sample survey indicates that
there is a good awareness among the people about use of CFL (Compact Florescent
Lamp). If we further delve into the sample survey data about type of luminaries in
the household, we can see the contribution of various luminaries used for lighting
in the figure 6.9. As the chart shows that CFL is used for the 75% of total lighting
requirement.
Figure 6-9: Contribution of different luminaries in electricity
consumption
25%
75%
CFL
FTL
6.2.6 Commercial sector
The commercial sector is growing at a rapid pace in New Town Kolkata. To cater to
this floating population large number of commercial setups is coming up. The
commercial sector has got both the HT as well as LT consumers. The electricity
consumption of the commercial sector is 105 MU in year 2011-12 which is shown in
the figure 6.10.
21
Figure 6-10: Commercial Sector Electricity Consumption
Electricity Consumption
120
104.731
100
76.53
80
50.57
60
34.141
40
23.7
20
0
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
In order to have a better understanding about energy conservation potential, it is
imperative to understand the profile of the energy consumption under the business
as usual scenario (BAU). The following sections focus on present energy
consumption pattern in commercial sector with its overall energy consumption
scenario.
The average number of consumers per year has been shown in the figure 6.13 for
commercial sector. The number of commercial consumers has increased 46 in FY
2011-12 from 7 in FY 2007-08.
Figure 6-11: No. of Commercial consumers
No. of Consumers
50
46
40
28
30
20
20
10
10
7
0
2007-08
22
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
7
Energy Forecasting and Target
Setting
7.1
Introduction
As discussed the current situation in the earlier section, now we are doing the
trend analysis for the population data, we get the following data for the projected
population as shown in figure 7.1. It shows that by the end of 2023, the population
will grow to 9, 80,000.
Figure 7-1: Projected population data for New Town Kolkata
1200000
1000000
800000
600000
Population
400000
200000
0
7.2
Projection for electricity demand up to
2021-22
Based on the total electricity consumption data for New Town Kolkata for the past
five year, a trend analysis has been done for preparation of BAU scenario and the
same has been projected for the next 10 years as shown in figure 7.2. It clearly
shows that by 2021-22, the annual electricity consumption of New Town Kolkata
city would be around 1266 MU in BAU scenario which is about 10.18 times the total
electricity consumption of the city in the year 2011-12.
23
Figure 7-2 Total Projected Annual Electricity consumption (MU) in
BAU scenario
1400
1266
1200
1000
1055
879
800
703
600
400
240
200
450
370
305
563
180
0
Source: NTESCL & Darashaw Analysis
The projection of different sectors has been given in the following sections.
7.2.1 Residential Sector
All the demand forecast/projection in the following sections has been done through
time series analysis of data gathered from various sources for historical data.
Figure 7-3: Projected Annual Electricity consumption
(MU) in BAU scenario – Residential
250
215
200
179
149
150
96
100
50
120
78
30
40
52
65
0
Based on the electricity consumption data, a trend analysis has been done for
preparation of BAU scenario and the projection of electricity demand has been done
for the next ten years as shown in the figure 7.3. It shows that in case of BAU
scenario, the electricity consumption in the residential sector would go up to 215
24
MU by 2021-22, which was 20 MU in FY 2011-12. As per our discussion with NKDA
officials we have projected growth rate on the basis of 5 years CAGR till 2015-16
and from 2016-17 onwards the consumption is projected considering per capita
consumption 1375 KWh per year by 2021-22. It means that the expected growth in
electricity consumption in the residential sector would be more than the growth
rate of the total electricity consumption for New Town Kolkata. This could be
attributed to the spurt in commercial activity to cater to the floating population of
the city. Residential consumption will increase due to increase in number of
consumers.
7.2.2 Commercial Sector
The commercial sector is growing at a considerable rate in New Town Kolkata. As
per our discussion with NKDA officials we have projected growth rate on the basis
of 5 years CAGR till 2015-16 and from 2016-17 onwards the consumption is
projected considering 3% growth rate. Some of these establishments are HT
consumers and others are LT consumers. The total energy consumption from all
these commercial consumers have been projected for the next ten years on the
basis of past five year data using regression analysis and shown in figure 7.4. It
clearly shows that by the end of 2021-22, the annual electricity consumption in
commercial sector will be around 1050 MU in BAU scenario, which was 105 MU in
FY 2011-12.
Figure 7-4: Projected Annual Electricity consumption
(MU) in BAU scenario – Commercial
1200
1050
1000
875
800
729
583
600
466
400
200
150
200
253
305
372
0
25
7.3
Projection of demand of Petrol, Diesel and LPG for next
Decade in Business as usual (BAU) scenario
7.3.1 Projected demand for Petrol and Diesel
Forecast/projection for petrol, Diesel and LPG has been done through time series
analysis of data gathered from various sources for historical data. The fuel
consumed is projected for next ten years considering the appropriate growth rate.
Figure 7-5: Projected Annual Petrol & Diesel consumption (KL) in BAU
scenario
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
Petrol
Diesel
Source: BPCL & IOCL area office & Darashaw Analysis
Based on the fuel consumption data, a trend analysis has been done for
preparation of BAU scenario and the projection of fuel demand has been done for
the next ten years as shown in the figure 7.5. It shows that in case of BAU
scenario, the Petrol and Diesel consumption would go up to 6981 KL and 21676 KL
respectively by 2021-22, which was 2156 KL and 10040 KL respectively in FY
2011-12. Projections for petrol have been done based on growth rate of 5 years
CAGR and for diesel 8% growth rate has been considered.
7.3.2 Projected demand for LPG
The consumption of gas will keep on increasing in the BAU scenario. The projection
of LPG consumption is shown in figure 7.6 in MT. The projected consumption of
LPG has shown a considerable increase over next 10 years. LPG consumption is
projected on the basis of 5 years CAGR. It shows that in case of BAU scenario, the
LPG consumption would go up to 28253 MT by 2021-22, which was 7597 MT in FY
26
2011-12. It clearly shows that by the end of 2021-22, the annual LPG consumption
will increase due to increase in no. of households.
Figure 7-6: Projected Annual LPG consumption (MT) in BAU
scenario
LPG
30000
25000
MT
20000
15000
10000
5000
21
-2
2
20
20
-2
1
20
19
-2
0
20
18
-1
9
20
17
-1
8
20
16
-1
7
20
15
-1
6
20
14
-1
5
20
13
-1
4
20
20
12
-1
3
0
Source: BPCL & IOCL area office & Darashaw Analysis
7.4
Target Setting
As shown in the previous sections, the demand of energy is going to increase
unabated in the Business as Usual scenario. If we convert all the energy derived
from fossil fuel source to equivalent amount of electricity in Million Units, we can
arrive at a baseline of 2011-12. The total equivalent electricity consumption thus
derived in the baseline year could be taken as the basis and the target setting can
be done accordingly (10% reduction in next 5 years). The following table 7.1 shows
the consumption of electricity as well as fossil fuel projected in the baseline year.
Table 7.1: Consumption of Energy Sources in Year 2011-12
Energy Source
Electricity (MU)
Petrol (KL)
Diesel (KL)
LPG (MT)
Consumption
124.30
2156
10040
7597
Now if we convert these sources of energy into a common denomination, we can
arrive at equivalent million units of electricity for all these different sources of
energy. The table 7.2 shows these values converted into the same units of million
equivalent of Electricity produced (in Million Units).
27
Table 7.2: Consumption of Energy Sources in Year 2011-12 converted into Million
Units (MU) of electricity equivalent.
Energy Source
Electricity(MU)
Consumption
124.30
Petrol
Diesel (MU)
(MU)
23.20
114.22
LPG (MU)
97.17
Now, the solar city programme envisage a 10% reduction in conventional energy
demand through a combination of various demand side and supply side measures
spread across all the sectors by the end of next 5 years. Accordingly, the target for
New Town Kolkata could be considered as a reduction of 10% of the total energy
demand which turns out to be equal to 85 Million Units of electricity.
Table 7.3: Projected Consumption of energy from Conventional sources in 201617.
Energy
Electricity(MU)
Source
Consumption
450
Petrol
Diesel (MU)
(MU)
41.74
167.82
LPG (MU)
187.39
Total
(MU)
846.96
Table 7.4: Projected Consumption of energy from Conventional sources in 202122
Energy
Electricity(MU)
Source
Consumption
1266
Petrol
(MU)
75.12
Diesel (MU)
246.58
LPG (MU)
361.37
Total
(MU)
1949
Table 7.5: Target Reduction of conventional Energy @10%
Total (MU)
Year
2016-17
85 MU
2021-22
195 MU
The target for the Solar city programme for New Town Kolkata could be taken as
the reduction in the demand of electricity equivalent by 85 MU by next five years
through various supply and demand side measures in residential, commercial and
institutional sectors. This would lead to a marked reduction in the Carbon footprint
of the city and will propel it onto a sustainable path of growth in terms of energy.
Various Renewable Energy (RE) and Energy Efficiency (EE) options through which
this can be achieved are explained in detail in the subsequent chapters.
28
New town being a modern urban locality the consumer are generally aware about
the necessarily of adopting energy efficiency measures. Reduction in carbon foot
print trough energy efficiency is taken 35% of total reduction. Balance 65% will
achieve trough renewable energy route.
NKDA will achieve 65% of total target by Renewable energy and balance 35%
through energy efficiency sources. Total estimated targeted reduction of RE
sources is 58 MU and reduction of EE measures is 31 MU by 2016-17.
29
8
Green Building & Energy
Efficiency in Buildings
8.1
Introduction
Residential, public and commercial buildings consume a large amount of energy
mostly for lighting, appliances, space heating and water heating. In order to
improve energy efficiency and conserve energy through the concept of solar city
existing buildings and new buildings must evolve to incorporate energy efficiency
and energy conservation measures.
To encourage the best practices in New Town Kolkata, this chapter considers how
energy efficiency is incorporated into building codes. Strategies to achieve energy
efficient buildings according to international practice will be explained here for the
main components of a building in order to achieve energy efficiency and
conservation in the developing solar city of New Town Kolkata. Information on
technologies and energy saving methods outlined in this chapter aim to assist
NKDA in going beyond basic energy efficient strategies and to provide more the
tools for innovative design for new and retrofit buildings for New Town Kolkata.
As New Town Kolkata lies in the composite climate, any energy efficient building
system must be designed according to this climate. This should also be a major
consideration when looking at various practices that are suitable to follow.
This chapter will explain in detail the various green and sustainable initiatives that
can be incorporated during the construction and operation of any new construction
planned in city of New Town Kolkata.
8.2
Building Energy Efficiency – Existing policy Framework
In India there exist the National Building codes 2005 (NBC 2005) and the new
Energy conservation of buildings codes 2006 (ECBC 2006). The national building
codes only consider regulations in building construction primarily for the purposes
of regulating administration, health and safety, materials and construction
requirements and building and plumbing services whereas the ECBC 2006 consider
energy conservation and energy efficiency in buildings to provide minimum
requirement for the energy efficient design and construction of buildings. The NBC
2005 refers to a wide variety of building type and ownership whereas ECBC 2005
only refers to commercial buildings and some building complexes.
The ECBC 2006 mainly considers administration and enforcement, the building
envelope, HVAC, service hot water and pumping, lighting and electric power to
30
encourage conservation of energy. These are considered in new buildings and
additions to existing buildings.
At present the energy conservation act 2001 empowers the state governments to
adjust the codes according to local conditions. This encourages inconsistency in
building practices across the country and can lead to huge deviations from the
existing codes. There are currently state designated agencies for implementation of
this code for example in New Town Kolkata, WBREDA is the state designated
agency for implementing the energy conservation act 2001 and hence ECBC
2006.The regulating authority is different for each state and is responsible for
enforcing the adapted building codes for that state. Experts check the plans for
new buildings or changes to existing buildings and permit the builder to carry out
construction if the design meets the code requirements. The plans are rejected and
sent for alteration if they do not meet the requirements. After the building is built it
must again be certified as complete by the state designated agency before it is
used.
The Bureau of Energy Efficiency is working on certifying Energy Auditing Agencies
in order to evaluate buildings energy use, which will enable better regulation of
energy conservation in buildings. In order to encourage green rating practices of
buildings, IGBC has come up with LEED rating.
Points are given for different criterion at the site planning, building planning and
construction, and the building operation and maintenance stages of the building life
cycle as explained in action plan.
8.3
Green Building-An Understanding
Green Building, also known as green construction or sustainable building, is the
practice of creating structures and using processes that are environmentally
responsible and resource- efficient throughout a building's life-cycle.
Although new technologies are constantly being developed to complement current
practices in creating greener structures, the common objective is that green
buildings are designed to reduce the overall impact of the built environment on
human health and the natural environment by:
•
Efficiently using energy, water, and other resources
•
Protecting occupant health and improving employee productivity
•
Reducing waste, pollution and environmental degradation.
31
8.4
Need for a Green building
Traditional buildings consume large amounts of energy and other natural resources
and generate harmful byproducts for the environment around them. In India
buildings account for 30% of total energy consumption and generate 35% of green
house gas emissions that harm air quality and contribute to global warming.
Thus Buildings have an enormous impact on the environment, human health, and
the economy. The successful adoption of green building strategies can maximize
both the economic and environmental performance of buildings.
8.5
Benefits and outcomes of a Green building
The major benefits of a Green building
are as follows:
Reduced energy consumption
without sacrificing the comfort
levels
Reduced destruction of natural
areas,
habitats,
and
biodiversity, and reduced soil
loss from erosion etc.
Reduced air and water pollution
(with direct health benefits)
Reduced water consumption
Limited waste generation due to
recycling and reuse
Reduced pollution loads
Increased user productivity
Enhanced
image
and
marketability
Following are the outcomes of a Green building as researched on basis of existing
Green buildings.
32
•
There is 8-9 % decrease in operating costs
•
The building value increases by around 7.5 %.
•
The return on investment is around 6.6 %.
•
There is around 3.5 % increase in occupancy in Green buildings.
•
Reported increase of about 3.0 % in rent ration.
8.6
Rating system for Green buildings
In India, at present, there are predominantly two rating systems to certify
buildings as green buildings, namely GRIHA and LEED-INDIA. These rating systems
have a predefined set of criteria and there are points for each one of these
criterion. The buildings are required to fulfill the defined criteria and achieve a
certain number of points to be certified.
GRIHA Rating: GRIHA, an acronym for Green Rating for Integrated Habitat
Assessment, is the National Rating System of India. It has been conceived by TERI
and developed jointly with the MNRE Ministry of New and Renewable Energy,
Government of India. It is a green building 'design evaluation system', and is
suitable for all kinds of buildings in different climatic zones of the country.
It is a rating tool that helps people, assess the performance of their building
against
certain
nationally
acceptable
benchmarks.
It
will
evaluate
the
environmental performance of a building holistically over its entire life cycle,
thereby providing a definitive standard for what constitutes a ‘green building’. The
rating system, based on accepted energy and environmental principles, will seek to
strike a balance between the established practices and emerging concepts, both
national and international. The guidelines/criteria appraisal may be revised every
three years to take into account the latest scientific developments during this
period.
Going by the old adage ‘what gets measured, gets managed’, GRIHA attempts to
quantify aspects such as energy consumption, waste generation, renewable energy
adoption, etc. so as to manage, control and reduce the same to the best possible
extent.
LEED India Rating: LEED-INDIA is the Indian counterpart of United States Green
Building Council’s LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design). It is led
by the Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) in India.
The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED-INDIA) Green Building
Rating System is a nationally and internationally accepted benchmark for the
design, construction and operation of high performance green buildings.
LEED-INDIA rating system provides a roadmap for measuring and documenting
success for every building type and phase of a building lifecycle.
33
8.7
Procedure for certification
1. GRIHA Rating
All buildings, except for industrial complexes and housing colonies, which are in the
design stage, are eligible for certification under the GRIHA system which also
adopted by MNRE (Ministry of New and Renewable Energy). Buildings include
offices, retail spaces, institutional buildings, hotels, hospital buildings, healthcare
facilities, residences, and multi-family high-rise buildings.
Registration
•
A project has to be registered with GRIHA through the GRIHA website
(www.grihaindia.org) by filling in the registration form online.
•
Registration should preferably be done at beginning of a project, as several
issues need to be addressed at the pre-design stage.
•
The registration process includes access to the essential information related
to rating. If desired by the applicant, one-day training for the design team
by GRIHA on the rating system is also included at a nominal additional cost.
During the training session, the following areas shall be covered:
•
Overview of the green building design
•
Building project and project-specific guidance system
•
Documentation process
•
Evaluation process
The key steps for the process of Certification for getting a building evaluated under
GRIHA are:
1. Registration
2. Submission of documentation
3. Preliminary evaluation by TERI Technical team
4. Evaluation by panel of experts
5. Preliminary rating with comments sent to project team
6. Final submission of documents
7. Final evaluation by panel of experts
8. Approval of rating by advisory committee
9. Award of rating
Fees
The registration cum rating fee (subject to review and modification every year)
w.e.f. from July 1 2008 is as follows
Registration Cost and the fee for
Rs. 2,50,000 {Fixed Cost}
secretariat
Evaluation fee for up to 5000 sq. m
34
Rs. 64,000
Evaluation fee for area > 5000 sq. m
Rs 64,000 + Rs3.75/sq.m for each
sq. m over and above 5000 sq. m
This fee is to be paid upfront on registration of the project for GRIHA certification
and is non-refundable.
The fee includes
•
Cost of GRIHA documents and templates
•
Third party evaluator fees
•
One-day training workshop for all consultants involved in the project {In
Delhi or Bangalore}
•
GRIHA secretariat costs for documents collection, assimilation, valuation
and submission.
MNRE Scheme on Energy efficient Solar / Green buildings:
•
Budget Allocation: The total budget of Rs. 10.00 crore has been allocated
for implementation of the scheme during the year 2013-14 and rest of the
12th Plan period. The Ministry aims to promote the green building principles
& concept with emphasis on the renewable energy application in the green
buildings among the stakeholders through a combination of promotional
incentives and support majors in the country.
•
Financial Provisions: The scheme provides for the financial incentives to
carry out the following promotional activities to promote the construction of
Green Buildings in the country.
•
Incentives for Capacity Building and Awareness Activities: A financial
support of up to Rs. 2.00 lakh for 1-2 days and Rs. 3.0 lakh for three days
activity could be provided for organizing training programmes, workshops,
conferences, seminars, publications, awareness campaigns, and orientation
programmes etc. to the implementing agencies. However, for International
Conferences/ exhibitions/ workshops the financial supports up to Rs. 5.0
lakh may be considered based on merit.
•
Awards to Urban Local bodies (ULBs): The onetime cash award of Rs.
10 lakh along with a shield will be given to best 3 ULBs per year selected
through competition for adopting and promoting the energy efficient
35
solar/green buildings to be rated under the rating system in vogue i.e.,
GRIHA, LEED India etc.
•
Awards to the Green Building having maximum RE installations: The
cash award of Rs. 15 Lakh 10 Lakh and 5 Lakh along with a shield will be
given to best 3 buildings per year that have the maximum installation of
renewable energy systems and the net Zero energy based buildings in the
country.
•
Incentives for Renewable Energy Projects installations: The proposals
on RE systems including SPV installations, SWH, waste to energy projects,
biogas generation projects etc. or any other innovative RE related projects
in the Energy Efficient Solar/ Green buildings may be considered under the
Scheme as per available incentives under various MNRE’s schemes.
2. LEED India Rating
LEED India certification provides independent, third-party verification that a
building project meets the highest performance standards. The LEED India plaque
awarded by the IGBC is recognition of the project achievement.
Registration:
The first step toward earning LEED-INDIA certification is project registration.
Registering during the early phases of project design will ensure maximum
potential for achieving certification. Registration is an important step that
establishes contact with the IGBC and provides access to essential information,
software tools and communications. Upon registration, project contacts receive
LEED India templates and a Reference guide.
Once a project is registered, the project team begins to prepare documentation
and calculations to satisfy the prerequisite and credit submittal requirements. It is
helpful to have an IGBC Accredited Professional as the project contact and team
member responsible for coordinating the LEED-INDIA process and requirements.
Credit Interpretations:
In some cases, project teams may encounter difficulties applying a LEED India
prerequisite or credit to a specific project. In such cases, projects can apply for
Credit Interpretation Request (CIR).
Certification Process:
The key steps for the process of Certification for getting a building evaluated under
LEED India are:
36
1. Registration
2. Credit Interpretations
3. Certification and Documentation
4. Certification Award
5. Appeal
Fee Summary
The registration and rating fees for LEED rating is as follows:
Registration Fee
IGBC Members
Rs.25,000
Non Members
Rs.30,000
Certification Fee
5,000 sq.m
5,001 sq.m to 50,000 sq.m
50,001 sq.m
& below
& above
Fixed rate
Rs. 2,90,000
Members
additional sq.m over & above
Rs. 5,30,000
5,000 sq.m
Rs. 3,25,000 plus Rs. 5.30 per
Annual
Rs. 3,25,000
members
Rs. 5,65,000
5,000 sq.m
Rs. 3,35,000 plus Rs. 5.30 per
Non-
Rs. 3,35,000
members
Parking
Fixed rate
Rs. 2,90,000 plus Rs. 5.30 per
Founding
*
Based on sq.m
Rs. 5,75,000
5,000 sq.m
areas
*
Fee
*
Registration
need
not
is
and
be
considered
inclusive
Certification
as
part
of
of
fee
the
built-up
sevice
are
area
tax
non-refundable
* Membership discounts can be availed only if the project owner is a member of
IGBC.
37
IGBC to recognize Government Green Buildings Demonstrating Global
Leadership
To enable wider adoption of Green Building concepts by the government sector,
IGBC would like to offer the following benefits to Government building projects,
registering with IGBC, effective April 1, 2010.
Free Feasibility Study*:
An exclusive feasibility study for the project team. This is a techno-economic study
to help the project team to decide on the level of rating that can be aspired for, by
verifying the projects compliance with the mandatory and other credit
requirements. The study would enable incorporating energy & water saving
measures by design. It is designed to provide strategic inputs & direction to
achieve the rating. This service is offered free of cost. However, organizations are
requested to reimburse the travel and accommodation for 2 professionals.
Free Training Programme on Green Buildings*:
Training program on green buildings for the project team will facilitate information
sharing on green buildings, rating systems and case studies. This also provides an
insight into various facets of green building design and enlightens the participants
to acquire knowledge on expectation of a green building, both during design and
performance. This service is offered free of cost. However, organisations are
requested to reimburse the travel and accommodation for 2 professionals.
Unique Benefits for Government Buildings achieving Platinum rating of
IGBC
Achieving 'PLATINUM' rating under various rating programmes of IGBC is a
challenging task. 'PLATINUM' rating signifies demonstration of global leadership in
green building design and construction practices.
IGBC will refund 100% certification fee for the Government building project, on
achieving the 'PLATINUM' rating of any IGBC rating system
Note:
*The above said incentives & services are offered for buildings constructed by NotFor-Profit governmental organizations
8.7.1 Salient Features of Green Building
Green Building has the following advantages:
Minimum Air Conditioning Load:
Each tonne of refrigeration (TR) caters to more than 300 Sqft (Normal buildings
in India require 150-200 Sqft / TR) of air conditioned area, despite higher fresh
air intake. This is achieved through specially selected double glazing for each
38
orientation, and by ensuring that all external walls and exposed roofs are well
insulated, thus minimizing the air conditioning load.
Lighting Power Density:
Energy efficient general lighting power density is less than 10 W / Sq.mt
(Normal is 20 W/Sqmt), as per LED requirements.
Power Consumption:
Annual power consumption for Green Office building is generally less than 250
KWH / Sq.mt for normal 12 hours / day operation (Normal buildings are 400
KWH / Sq.mt.).
Excellent Indoor Air Quality:
Fresh air requirement is 3% higher than ASHRAE 62.1 - 2004, to improve the
indoor air quality (IAQ). Therefore personnel working indoor are always subject
to generous quantity of treated fresh air, which keeps them fresh and energetic
even after extended working hours, thereby improving productivity. Fresh air is
generally supplied on-demand basis monitored thru CO2 level in return air.
Treated Fresh Air:
Treated fresh air is provided with heat recovery wheel (HRW) to minimize the
air conditioning load by reducing the ambient air temperature before it passes
through the cooling coil of the space AHUs.
Visible Light Transmittance:
Glass of window is specified for superior visible light transmittance allowing
maximum harnessing of day-light (without adding glare on computer screen)
thus reducing energy consumption through electrical light fixtures throughout
the day.
Water Conservation:
It is achieved through Zero Discharge, that is, entire effluent is treated in
Sewerage Treatment Plant (STP), and treated water is recycled as makeup for
air conditioning and DG sets cooling towers, for flushing in WCs and urinals,
and for gardening
Rain Water Harvesting System:
Rain water harvesting system with filtration is provided. This water can be used
for cars / car parking washing and for general washing.
39
8.8
Demand Comparison: Conventional Vis a Vis
Green
Building
Table 7.1: Demand comparison of Conventional building vis-à-vis Green Building
Type of Loads
Conventional Building
Green Buildings *
Air-conditioning Cooling Load
150 SFT/TR
600 SFT/TR
Electrical Demand Load
10 WATT/SFT
4 WATT/SFT
2 WATT/SFT
< 0.6 WATT/SFT
4 WATT/SFT
< 1 WATT/SFT
1 WATT/SFT
< 0.15 WATT/SFT
45 Liters per day per
20 Liters per day per
person
person
Lighting Power Density office
area
Lighting Power Density retail
area
Lighting Power Density parking
area
Potable Water Demand
* - As per the Green measures adopted
Green buildings are scored by rating systems, such as the Leadership in Energy
and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system developed by the Indian Green
Building Council, U.S. Green Building Council, Green Globes from GBI and other
locally developed rating systems.
8.9
Green Building Implementation Framework Model for
NKDA
In order to propagate the energy efficient/ green building in the jurisdiction of
NKDA, the construction of commercial, industrial and residential complexes/
townships can be made mandatory by NKDA or can advocate some special financial
incentives can be given by NKDA such as property tax rebates or incentives in
electricity bills etc.
For the effective implementation of sustainable construction as per the LEED/
GRIHA criteria NKDA should set up a Green Building cell which can be a subset of
the solar city cell, which will consist of members of town planning authority, PWD
and NKDA who will be trained on Green Building concept and also seek the help of
LEED AP or GRIHA certified professionals.
This green building cell will be responsible for the approval of all plans in order to
ensure that it is as per the criteria of LEED/ GRIHA which can also have a third
party inspection from LEED AP/ GRIHA certified professionals who in turn will give
the certification report to town planning department advising them on any changes
to be made in plan if required or recommending approval. The model framework id
40
depicted in Figure below. NKDA should conduct extensive training programme
either by GRIHA or IGBC (Indian Green Building Council) for all the local architects
and people involved in civil construction in order to do effective capacity building
on Green buildings with the help of MNRE.
New Town Kolkata
NKDA
Capacity building
Program
Approved amended Bye
A
laws
B
In house
A
Green Building
C
Cell
Inspection &
New Town
External
A
Kolkata
LEED AP /
C
Development
GRIHA trainers
Authority/
Certification Reports
D
Certification
Reports
Building owner/
Design
Building Design
& Constructions
Legend:
A: Approved / amended Building bye laws
B: Inspecting by Third Party
C: Inspection & Certification Report
D: Certification Report
8.10 Steps to be taken by NKDA for effective implementation
of Energy Efficiency in Buildings
•
NKDA may mandate solar water heating or Solar PV system mandatory for the
IT industries and commercial establishments as technology being suitable in the
climate of the proposed Solar City.
•
Note: Government of Haryana Notification No.22/52/2005-06 Dated 29-072005 has made it mandatory to use solar water Heating System (SWHS) in all
industries where hot water is required for processing, Hospitals & Nursing
Homes including Government Hospitals, Hotels, Motels, Canteens, Housing
Complexes set up by group Housing Societies/Housing Boards & all Residential
Buildings (plot size 500 sq. yards & above)falling within Municipal Committees /
41
Corporations and HUDA sectors, All Government Buildings, Residential schools,
Educational and training institutes, Tourism Complexes And Universities Etc. in
the state.
•
NKDA can mandate the energy conservation measures considering the following
example
of
Administration
of
Union
Territory
of
Chandigarh.
Detailed
Notification is attached as an annexure.
•
Note: In exercise of the powers conferred by Section 18 of the Energy
Conservation Act, 2001 (52 of 2001), read with the Government of India,
Ministry of Home Affairs Notification No.S.O. 593(E)/F.No. U-11030/1/2005-UTL
dated the 24th April, 2006 Administrator of Union Territory of Chandigarh
hereby issues the following directions for efficient use of energy and its
conservation in the Union Territory of Chandigarh namely:
o
Mandatory use of Solar Water Heating Systems
o
Mandatory use of Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL) in Government
Buildings/Government Aided Institutions/Boards/corporations.
o
Mandatory use of Energy Efficient Tube Light System/Retrofit Assembly
in
Government
Buildings/Government
Aided
Institutions/Boards/
Corporations.
o
Mandatory use of Compact Fluorescent lamps (CFLs) and T-5 (28 watt)
Tube Lights.
42
o
Promotion of Energy Efficient Building Design
o
Mandatory use of Energy Efficient Street Lights
9
9.1
Energy Planning
Renewable Energy Resource Assessment
Having arrived at baseline scenario, the next logical step is look for ways and
means to address the issue of ever increasing energy demand. It is required to see
how best the demand can be meeting in a sustainable manner. To meet the goal
for Sustainable development, effective plan is required for meeting the energy
requirement and at the same time minimizing the impact of such activities on the
environment through emissions reduction. Under the national plan for climate
change, India plans to install 20 GW of solar power by 2020. Also India has fifth
largest capacity of wind power installed. Further, the Ministry for New and
Renewable energy has taken many steps to encourage the installation of power
plants based on renewable. But in order to assess the generation mix by these
renewable, one needs to evaluate the resources for renewable energy available at
that particular site. Currently West Bengal has only 2% of installed capacity from
Renewable Energy sources. The analysis of the potential of these renewable is
presented in the following sections.
9.1.1 Biomass potential
In New Town Kolkata power potential is too less to establish biomass based power
plant. Biomass is used in the organic farming.
9.1.2 Solar Energy
The area of entire township is comprised of 34 Mouzas (both part and full) falling in
areas
of Airport Police
Station,
Rajarhat Police
Station
and Kolkata
Leather
Complex Police Station. New Town Kolkata has good potential for power generation
through Solar PV. Good potential for use of solar energy in thermal applications is
available for New Town Kolkata. List of implementable projects are shown in the
table below.
Table 9.1: List of Projects Identified for New Town Kolkata to implement solar
Power Project
Sl. No.
Name of Project
Roof
1.
Top
Solar PV
Proposed Project size (KW)
Power
Plant in Link canal between
(Bagjola & Kestopur canal)
43
100 X 5 KW
Eco park, Solar Boat & Solar
2.
Tree
100 X 5
Along the Border of Linear
3.
4.
Water Bodies 2 X 500
HIDCO Bhawan
Upcoming
5.
100 X 10
20
NKDA
administrative building
50
6.
Water Treatment Plant Site
100
7.
AE Park
10
8.
DD Park
20
9.
II-C Park
20
10.
II-D Park
20
Charging station for battery
11.
operated vehicles 3 X 50
150
12.
BD Park
20
13.
AB park
20
14.
BB Park
20
15.
Total
44
2450
10 Renewable Energy Strategy
10.1 Residential Sector RE strategy
10.1.1 Solar Water Heaters
Assumptions:
•
200 LPD can replace 4.5 KW capacity Geyser
•
Hot water requirement in one house hold for 4 months
•
Average operations 1 hour per day from 10 liters geyser (1.5 KW)
o
= 4 X 30 X 1.5 X 1 = 180 Kwh / year.
•
Number of household for 4, 50, 000 population = 90000 (considering 5
Person per household)
•
Emission Factor .81 tCO2 / MWh.
Table 10.1: Target for SWH installation in New Town Kolkata City
Single Household
Value
Units
Average size of domestic SWH
200 LPD
Collector Area
4 Sqmt
Total energy saved per year
180 KWh
Indicative Cost of Installation
35000 `
MNRE Subsidy
10500 `
Cost of Energy Savings
1170 `
Emission Reduction per year
0.1458 Tonnes
Payback Period
30 Years
Target for Entire City
Total No of Households
90000 Nos
Residential Household using fossil fuel for water
heating
50%
Target to replace electric geyser by SWH in 5 years
8%
200 LPD
Number of SWH to be installed in 5 year plan
3600 Nos
Total collector area in sqm
14400 Sqmt
0.65 MU
Indicative cost of installation
1260 `Lakhs
MNRE Subsidy
378.00 `Lakhs
42.12 `Lakhs
Payback Period
3 years
524.88 tonnes
Source for Subsidy & cost of system MNRE, Emission Factor CEA calculation
45
10.1.2 Solar PV for Home Inverters
Assumptions:
•
Solar Insolation Level – 4.5 kWh/m2/day
•
Subsidy – 30%
•
Emission Factor .81 tCO2 / MWh.
Table 10.2: Solar PV for Home Invertors
Capacity of solar PV system for Home Inverter
Indicative cost of incorporating Solar PV to home inverter
Total Residential Household
Residential Household using invertor during load shedding
Target to introduce solarcharger for invertors in 5 years
Number of solar invertors to be installed in 5 years plan
Total PV capacity installed
Energy generated by PV
Cost of energy saved
MNRE Subsidy
Source: NKDA, HIDCO, MNRE & CEA for emission factor
Value
250
30000
90000
70%
30%
18900
4725
6.63
Units
Wp
`
nos
%
%
Nos
KWp
MU
431.20
5670
1701.00
5373
`Lakhs
`Lakhs
`Lakhs
tonnes
10.1.3 Solar PV for replacement of DG sets
Assumptions:
•
Solar Insolation Level – 4.5 kWh/m2/day
•
Subsidy – 30%
•
Emission factor of Diesel 0.81 tco2/Mwh
Table 10.3: Solar PV for Replacement of DG Sets
Value
Proposed Capacity of solar PV system
Indicative cost of solar power pack
Total residential households
Residential households use generators during load
shedding
Target to introduce solar power packs in 5 years
Number of solar power packs to be introduced in 5 years
Energy generated by PV arrays per year
Typical generator used
Average fuel consumption per day for 4-6 hours of load
shedding
Amount of diesel saving for the entire city
Cost of Diesel saved
46
1
1.2
90000
10%
50%
4500
4500
6.32
5-10
6
9855
4927.5
Units
KWp
`Lakhs
nos
%
%
nos
KWp
MU
KW
litres
KL
`Lakhs
MNRE Subsidy
Payback period
Emission reduction per year for replacement of diesel
5400
1620
2
5117.6
`Lakhs
`Lakhs
years
tonnes
10.1.4 Area Requirement for installation of Solar PV and water
heating system in residential sector
Sr. No.
1
Area
Renewable Energy Strategy –
Target
Target
Requirement
Residential
Unit
Capacity
(SqM)
Installation of solar water heaters
(200 LPD)
Nos
3600
14400
Wp)
KWp
4725
70875
3
Use of PV for replacing DG sets
KWp
4500
67500
4
Total Area required
2
Use of Solar home inverter(250
152775
We have considered the area requirement for solar water heater is 4 SqM per 200
LPD systems as per and 15 SqM per KW for solar PV system as per MNRE
guidelines. Considering the same total roof top area required for installation of
Solar PV and water heating system is 1, 52, 775 SqM.
Sr. NO.
Type of Plot
Total Number
of Plot
Size (SqM)
Built up
area
(SqM)
Roof Top area
available for solar
power plant
(SqM)
1
Individual
1779
363587
199973
119984
2
Cooperative
Total Area
available for
installation
(SqM)
1367
575981
316790
190074
3
310057
NKDA has signed the deed with around 1779 individuals and 1367 cooperative
societies for residential development. Total allotted area of the Plot for individuals
and residential cooperative societies are 9, 39, 568 SqM. Considering 55% Built up
area as per building by laws total roof top area will be 5, 16, 762 SqM. We have
considered 60% of total built up area for the installation of solar PV and water
heating system. The shadow free area available for installation is 3, 10, 057 SqM.
This is more than double of the area required for the installations.
47
10.1.5 Summary of RE strategy for Residential Sector
Table 10.4: Summary of RE Strategy for Residential Sector
Renewable
Energy
Strategy Targe Target
Residential t Unit Capacity
Installation
of solar
water
heaters (200
LPD)
Sqmt
14400
Use of Solar
home
inverter(250
Wp)
KWp
4725
Use of PV for
replacing DG
sets
KWp
4500
Total
Source: Darashaw Analysis
48
Investme
nt
( `lakhs)
MNRE
Subsidy
(
`lakhs)
User
Contrib
ution (
`Lakhs
)
Energ
y
Saved
per
year
(MU)
Emissi
on
Reduct
ion
(Tonn
es)
1260
378
882
0.65
525
5670
1701
3969
6.63
5373
5400
12330
1620
3699
3780
8631
6.32
13.60
5118
11016
10.2 Commercial Sector RE Strategy
10.2.1 .Installation of Rooftop Solar PV in the Schools & Community
Hall
Assumptions:
o
Cost of Roof Top SPV: Rs. 0.9 Lakhs per KW
o
MNRE Subsidy: 30%
o
55% of total Load considered for Roof Top Solar PV
o
Daily insolation level taken: 4.5 kWh/m2/day
o
Emission Factor 0.81 t CO2 / MWh
o
Roof Top Solar PV System without Battery Backup
Table 10.5: Roof Top Solar PV System in Schools & Community Hall
Nursery School
Primary School
Secondary School
Community Hall
Total connected load of
Building
Tentative Potential for
Roof Top in Buildings
Total Indicative Cost of
Installation
Total Energy Generated
MNRE Subsidy
Action
Area I
27
6
5
3
Action Area
II
30
8
4
2
Action
Area III
8
2
3
4
645
680
280
1605
KW
355
374
154
883
KW
319
0.583
337
0.614
139
0.253
794
1.45
96
101
42
238
Total
Cost of Energy Saved
38
22
9
Emission Reduction per
year
472
498
205
Source: HIDCO, MNRE & CEA for emission factor
10.2.2 Installation
65
16
12
9
94
`Lakhs
MU
`
Lakhs
`
Lakhs
1174
tonnes
of Rooftop Solar PV in the Health
Centers & others commercial establishments
Assumptions:
o
o
MNRE Subsidy: 30%
o
o
o
49
Units
nos
nos
nos
nos
Table 10.6: Roof Top Solar PV - Health Care Centers, Hotels, Resorts etc.
Action
Area I
1
1
Hospital
Hotels
Resorts
Health care cetre & Blood
Bank
Total Connected load of
Heath Care Facilities
Roof Top in Health Care
Facilities
Installation
MNRE Subsidy
Action
Area II
1
1
Action
Area III
0
2
1
4
3
8
nos
421.85
550.55
457.6
1430
KW
295.295
265.765
5
0.41
79.7296
5
385.385
320.32
1001
346.8465
0.54
288.288
0.45
900.9
1.41
104.05395
86.4864
270.27
KW
`
Lakhs
MU
`
Lakhs
`
Lakhs
Total
Units
nos
2
4
1
26.95
35.17
29.23
91.35
year
335.82
438.28
364.28
1138.38
Source: NKDA, HIDCO, MNRE & CEA for emission factor
tonnes
10.2.3 Installation of Rooftop Solar PV in the Banks
Assumptions:
o
o
MNRE Subsidy: 30%
o
o
o
Table 10.7: Rooftop Solar in Banks
No of Schedule Bank
No of Nationalize Bank
Total Connected Load for Banks
Tentative Potential for Roof Top
in Banks
Installation
MNRE Subsidy
50
Action Area
I
2
2
43.63
Action Area
II
2
3
57.58
Action
Area III
2
3
57.58
34.90
46.06
46.06
127.02976
31.41
0.05
41.46
0.06
41.46
0.06
114.33
0.18
9.42
3.19
12.44
4.20
12.44
4.20
34.30
11.59
Total
6
8
158.7872
Units
nos
nos
KW
KW
`
Lakhs
MU
`
Lakhs
`
39.69
52.38
52.38
Source: HIDCO, NKDA, MNRE & CEA
144.46
10.2.4 .1 MW Community based Grid Connected Solar Power Plant
Assumptions:
o
Cost of Roof Top SPV: Rs. 7.5 Crore Per MW
o
Daily insolation level taken: 4.5 kW/m2/day
o
Total Operational Days 300
o
Table 10.8: 1 MW Community Based Grid Connected Power Plant
Value
1
7.5
1.40
91.26
1137.24
Capacity of Solar PV power plant
Units
MW
` Crore
MU
` Lakhs
tonnes
10.2.5 .2 MW Municipal Solid Waste Power Plant on Public
Private Partnership basis
Assumptions:
40-50 Tons of bio degradable waste required for generating 1 MW (45
o
MT/MW)
o
Waste generation per person per day = 400 Grams
o
Out of 400 grams only 200 grams waste is bio degradable
o
Population of 4, 50, 000 in 2016-17 as per table 6.1
o
Total solid waste generated = 4,50,000 X 0.2 = 90000 KG = 90 Tons
Table 10.9: 2 MW Grid Connected Municipal Solid Waste based Power Plant
Value
Total Solid Waste Generated
Quantity of Refuse Derived Fuel
Quantity required for 1 MW
Tentative Potential
Plant Load Factor
Auxiliary Consumption
51
90
54
28
2
75%
10%
Units
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
MW
%
%
Lakhs
tonnes
Total Energy generated per year
13.14
Total Energy exported to Grid
11.826
Cost of Installation
1260.00
MNRE Subsidy
252.00
9579.06
Source: HIDCO, NKDA and Darashaw Analysis
MU
MU
` Lakhs
` Lakhs
tonnes
10.2.6 .Solar water heater for Hotels, Resorts, Hospitals, Medical
centers & Commercial centers.
Assumptions:
•
•
•
•
Average size of SWH system = 2000 LPD
Collective area for each SWH system = 40 SqM
Operational days 365 / year for 12 hours each day
Emission Factor .81 tCO2 / MWh
Table 10.10: SWH for Hotels, Resorts, Hospitals, Medical centers etc.
SWH for Commercial Sector
Value
2000
Collector Area
60
6570
Indicative Cost of Installation
300000
MNRE Subsidy
66000
49275
5.42025
Payback Period
6
Target for Entire City
Total No of Households
30
Commercial consumers uses electric geyser
80%
Target to replace electric geyser by SWH in 5
years
45%
2000
Number of SWH to be installed in 5 year plan
11
Total collector area in sqm
648
0.07
32.4
MNRE Subsidy
7.13
5.32
Payback Period
3
57.47436
Source: NKDA, HIDCO, MNRE and Darashaw Analysis
Units
LPD
Sqmt
KWh
Lakh
`
`
Tonnes
Years
Nos
LPD
Nos
Sqmt
MU
`Lakhs
`Lakhs
`Lakhs
years
tonnes
10.2.7 Area Requirement for installation of Solar PV and water
heating system in commercial sector
52
Renewable Energy Strategy Commercial
Rooftop Solar PV in Buildings of
school and Community hall
Rooftop Solar in Healthcare
Facilities
Rooftop Solar in Banks
Solar PV Power Plant
Root top area requirement (SqM)
Target Unit
Target
Capacity
KW
KW
KW
Sqmt
KW
Area
Requirement
(SqM)
883
13241
1001
127
648
1000
15015
1906
648
15000
45810
We have considered the area requirement for solar water heater is 4 SqM per 200
LPD systems as per and 15 SqM per KW for solar PV system as per MNRE
guidelines. Considering the same total roof top area required for installation of
Solar PV and water heating system is 45, 810 SqM.
Sr. NO.
Type of Plot
Total Number
of Plot
1 Large Plots
Source: NKDA
164
Size (SqM)
3068847
Built up
area
(SqM)
1687866
Roof Top area
available for
solar power
plant (SqM)
1012720
NKDA has allotted the individual plots for schools, community centers, Healthcare
centers, Banks. All the buildings will have sufficient roof top area for installation of
identified projects as per building by laws. We would require additional roof top
area for the installation community based solar PV power plant and solar water
heating system. Total area required for this two component under commercial
sector is around 15, 648 SqqM. Total roof top area available under big buildings are
around 10, 12, 720 considering 60% shadow free open area.
times of the required area.
53
This is around 70
10.2.8 .Summary of RE strategy for Commercial Sector
Table 10.11: Summary of RE strategy for Commercial Sector
Renewable Energy
Strategy Commercial
Rooftop Solar PV in
Buildings of school
and Community hall
Rooftop Solar in
Healthcare Facilities
Rooftop Solar in
Banks
SWH for Commercial
Sector
Energy From
Municipal Solid Waste
Total
54
Targ
et
Capa
city
Invest
ment
(
`lakhs
)
MNRE
Subsid
y
(
`lakhs
)
User
Contri
bution
(
`Lakh
s)
Energ
y
Saved
per
year
(MU)
Emissi
on
Reduc
tion
(Tonn
es)
KW
883
794
238
556
1.45
1174
KW
1001
901
270
631
1.41
1138
KW
127
114
34
80
0.18
144
Sqmt
MW
648
1
32
750
7
0
25
750
0.07
1.40
57
1137
2
1260
3852
252
802
1008
3050
11.83
16.33
9579
13231
Target
Unit
MW
10.3 Municipal Sector RE Strategy
10.3.1 .Installation of Rooftop Solar PV in the Government Buildings
Assumptions:
o
o
MNRE Subsidy: 30%
o
Solar insolation level taken: 4.5 kWh/m2/day
o
Roof Top Potential: 70% of Total Connected Load
o
o
Emission Factor: .81 tCO2 / MWh
Table 10.12: Roof Top Solar PV System in Government Buildings
Action
Action
Building Category
Area I
Area II
Block Level centers
4
4
Utility Area
13
13
Post Office
4
1
Car Parking
3
3
Police Station
2
1
Other Government Buildings
7
3
Government Buildings
393
273
Tentative Potential for Roof Top
in Govt Buildings
275.10
191.10
Installation
247.59
171.99
0.39
0.27
MNRE Subsidy
74.277
51.597
28.97
20.12
312.85
217.33
Action Area
III
6
31
2
2
1
3
Total
14
57
7
8
4
13
467
1133.00
KW
326.90
793.10
KW
294.21
0.46
88.263
34.42
371.76
713.79
1.11
214.14
83.51
901.95
`Lakhs
MU
` Lakhs
` Lakhs
tonnes
10.3.2 .Installation of Rooftop Solar PV in the Market & Shopping
Centers
Assumptions:
o
o
MNRE Subsidy: 30%
o
o
Roof Top Potential: 70% of Total Connected Load
o
o
55
Units
nos
nos
nos
nos
nos
nos
Table 10.13: Roof Top Solar PV System in Market & Shopping Centre
Market Categories
Neighborhood centre
Agriculture Cooperative
Society
Markets
Markets
Rooftop in Markets
Installation
MNRE Subsidy
year
Source: NKDA, HIDCO, MNRE
Action
Area I
14
Action Area
II
12
Action Area
III
11
0
4
0
2
0
0
0
6
nos
nos
442
236
33
711.00
KW
309.4
165.2
23.1
497.70
KW
278.46
0.43
83.54
32.58
148.68
0.23
44.60
17.40
20.79
0.03
6.24
2.43
447.93
0.70
134.38
52.41
` Lakhs
MU
` Lakhs
` Lakhs
351.86
187.87
& Darashaw Analysis
26.27
566.00
tonnes
Total
37
10.3.3 .Replacement of conventional street light with solar street
light.
Assumptions:
o
Estimated Cost of Solar Street Light: Rs. 20, 000
o
MNRE Subsidy: 30%
o
o
o
Table 10.14: Replacement of Conventional street lights with Solar Street Lights
Target no of street lights
Capacity of one solar PV Module
Indicative cost of one street light
Energy Generated by PV
MNRE Subsidy
56
Value
800
74
20000
59.2
0.08
6.23
160
48
67.32
Units
nos
Wp
`
KW
MU
` Lakhs
` Lakhs
` Lakhs
tonnes
Units
nos
10.3.4 .Installation of solar traffic light.
Assumptions:
o
Estimated Cost of LED based Solar Traffic Light: Rs. 25, 000
o
o
o
Table 10.15: Solar Traffic Lights
Target no of traffic lights
Capacity of one solar PV Module ( 2*74Wp)
Indicative cost of one traffic light
MNRE Subsidy
Source: NKDA, HIDCO
Value
100
148
25000
14.8
0.02
0.00000
14
25
7.5
16.83
Units
nos
Wp
`
KW
MU
` Lakhs
` Lakhs
` Lakhs
tonnes
10.3.5 .Installation of solar Advertising Hoardings.
Assumptions:
o
Estimated Cost of LED based Solar Traffic Light: Rs. 25, 000
o
o
Roof Top Solar PV System with Battery Backup
o
Table 10.16: RE system for Advertisement Hoardings
Target no of Advertisement Hoardings
Capacity of one solar PV Module
Indicative cost of one hoarding
MNRE Subsidy
Source: NKDA HIDCO
Value
70
300
100000
21
0.03
1.92
70
21
23.88
Units
nos
Wp
`
KW
MU
` Lakhs
` Lakhs
` Lakhs
tonnes
10.3.6 .Installation of Sewerage Treatment based Biogas power
plant
Assumptions:
o
57
Estimated Water requirement Per Person: 120 lpcd
o
Waste Water generated: 80% of total water used
o
Biodegradable waster available for methanization: 40%
o
Estimated Biogas Consumption Cubic Meter / Hour / 1 MW: 521 Cum
o
o
Operational Days: 350
Table 10.17: Sewerage Treatment based biogas power plant
Value
Total projected Population in 2023
980000
Total Water Requirement @ 120 lpcd
132.30
Total waste water generated
106
Total biodegradable waste available for
biomethanation
42.336
Digester efficiency
65%
Biogas yield
0.8
Total biogas yield per day
22014.72
Biogas consumption Cu mtr/hour/engine for @ 1MW
521
Tentative capacity of biomethanation plant
2
PLF
80%
Auxiliary consumption
10%
Total energy generated
11831327
Electricity exported to grid
10.65
Cost of Installation
1500
MNRE Subsidy @ 200 lakhs per MW
352.1228
8625.04
Source: NKDA HIDCO and Darashaw Analysis
58
Units
nos
MLD
MLD
TPD
%
cum/kg
cum
cum
MW
%
%
Kwh
MU
` lakhs
lakhs
tonnes
10.3.7 Summary of RE strategy for Municipal Sector
Table 10.18: Summary of RE strategy for Municipal Sector
Renewable Energy
Strategy - Municipal
Rooftop Solar PV in
Building
Rooftop Solar PV in
Markets
Replacement of
Conventional Street
Lights with Solar Street
Lights
Solar Traffic Lights
Sewerage treatment
plant
Demonstration Projects
RE systems for
Advertisement
Hoardings
Total
59
Targ
et
Cap
acity
Inves
tment
(
`lakh
s)
MNRE
Subsid
y
(
`lakhs
)
User
Contri
butio
n(
`Lakh
s)
Energ
y
Saved
per
year
(MU)
Emis
sion
Redu
ction
(Ton
nes)
KW
793
714
214
500
1.11
902
KW
498
448
134
314
0.70
566
Nos
Nos
800
100
160
25
48
8
112
18
0.08
0.021
67
17
MW
KW
2
2450
1500
3430
352
1029
1148
2401
10.65
3.68
8625
2977
Nos
70
70
21
49
0.03
6347
1806
4541
16.27
24
1317
8
Target
Unit
10.4 Industrial (IT) Sector RE Strategy
10.4.1 .Installation of Roof Top Solar PV System in High rise
buildings having plot size more than 1000 SqM.
Assumptions
o
Plan sanctioned for 20% allotted Plots
o
Covered area of each plot as per building rules: 55%
o
50 Percent of sanctioned covered area to be constructed by 2016-17
o
20% of constructed roof area to be utilized for SPV by 2016-17
Table 10.19: Roof Top Solar PV System in High Rise Buildings having plot size more
than 1000 Sq.M
Total potential for Roof Top Solar PV system
Target to introduce solar Power Plant in 5 years
Energy generated by PV arrays per year
Cost of Diesel saved
MNRE Subsidy
Payback period
Emission reduction per year for replacement of diesel
60
Value
24.72
25%
6.18
8.68
1545.0
5562
1669
3
7028.1
Units
MWp
%
MWp
MU
`Lakhs
`Lakhs
`Lakhs
years
tonnes
11
Energy Efficiency Strategy
Energy Efficiency Strategies in Residential Sector
11.1
11.1.1 Replacement of CFL with LED
Assumptions:
•
Estimated Cost of 15 W LED : Rs. 1800/-
•
Hrs. of operation: 8
•
Electricity Saving Per CFL: 10W
Table 11.1: Replacement of CFL with LED
Value
90000
100%
75%
Total Residential Households
Households using CFL
Target to replace CFL with LED
Number of CFL to be replaced per households
3
Total number of Incandescent bulb to be replaced
202500
3645
Energy saved by replacing 25 W CFL with 15W LED
6
Cost of electricity savings
384
Payback period
9
4790
Source: NKDA HIDCO and Darashaw Analysis
11.1.2 .Replacement
of
Conventional
Efficient Ceiling fans
Assumptions:
•
Cost of 1 EE Ceiling Fan : Rs. 1500/-
•
•
Electricity saving Per Fan: 20 W
61
Ceiling
fan
with
Units
nos
%
%
nos
nos
` Lakhs
MU
` Lakhs
years
tonnes
Energy
Table 11.2: Replacement of conventional ceiling fan with Energy Efficient fans
Total residential households
Household using conventional fans
Target to replace conventional fan by energy efficient fans
Number of conventional fan to be replaced per household
Total number of conventional fans to be replaced
Energy saved by replacing conventional fans by EE fans
Payback period
Emission reduction per year
Value
90000
90%
75%
2
121500
1823
7
461
7
5747
Units
nos
%
%
nos
nos
` Lakhs
MU
` Lakhs
years
tonnes
11.1.3 .Replacement of Conventional AC with EE Star Rated AC
Assumptions:
•
Cost of 1.5 T AC: Rs. 28000/-
•
Normal energy Consumption per day: 9.45 kWh/day
•
•
Months of operation: 5
•
Energy Saving per day: 1.75 kWh/day
Table 11.3: Replacement of conventional AC with EE star rated ACs
Total Residential Households
Households using conventional ACs
Target to replace Conventional ACs by EE star rated Acs
Number of Conventional Acs to be replaced per household
Total number of conventional ACs to be replaced
Value
90000
5%
20%
1
900
252
Units
nos
%
%
nos
nos
` lakhs
Energy saved by replacing conventional Acs by EE star
rated Acs
Payback period
0.24
15.36
15
191.363
MU
` lakhs
years
tonnes
62
11.1.4 .Summary of EE strategy for Residential Sector
Table 11.4: Summary of EE Strategy for Residential Sector
Energy Efficiency
Strategy - Residential
Replacement of CFL with
LED
Replacement of
conventional ceiling fan
with Energy Efficient ceiling
fans
Replacement of
conventional air
conditioners with EE star
rated ACs
Total
63
Target
Unit
Target
Capacity
Investment
( `lakhs)
Energy
Saved
per year
(MU)
Emission
Reduction
(Tonnes)
nos
202500
384.35
5.91
4790
nos
121500
1822.50
7.10
5747
nos
900
252
2458.85
Source: Darashaw Analysis
0.24
13.24
191
10728
11.2 Commercial Sector EE Strategy
11.2.1 .Replacement of CFL with LED
Assumptions:
o
Cost of each 15 W LED: Rs. 1800/-.
o
Energy Saving per CFL: 10 W
o
Hours of operation: 6 Hrs
Table 11.5: Replacement of CFL with LED
Value
Total Commercial Consumers
Consumers using CFL
Target to replace CFL with LED
Number of CFL to be replaced per consumer
Total number of CFL to be replaced
Energy saved by replacing 25 W CFL with 15W LED
Payback period
300
95%
80%
10
2280
41.04
0.05
3.74
10.96
40
Units
nos
%
%
nos
nos
`Lakhs
MU
`Lakhs
years
tonnes
11.2.2 .Replacement of T12/T8 with T5 Tube Light
Assumptions:
o
Cost of each T5 (28W) FTL: RS. 500/-
o
Energy Saving per T5: 22W
o
Table 11.6: Replacement of T12 / T8 light by T5 Tube Light
Consumers using T8/T12 tube lights
Target to replace T8/T12 by T5 tube lights
No of tube lights to be replaced per consumer
Total number of T8/T12 tube lights to be replaced
Energy saved by replacing T8/T12 (with magnetic
ballast) with T5 ( with electronic ballast)
Pay back period
64
Value
300
75%
90%
7
1418
7.09
Units
nos
%
%
nos
nos
`Lakhs
0.07
5.12
2
55.32
MU
`Lakhs
years
tonnes
11.2.3 .Replacement of conventional Ceiling fan with EE ceiling fan
Assumptions:
o
Cost of each EE Ceiling Fan: RS. 1500/-
o
Energy Saving per Fan: 20W
o
Table 11.7: Replacement of Conventional ceiling fan with Energy Efficient Fans
Value
Consumers using conventional fans
Number of conventional fan to be replaced per consumer
Payback period
Units
nos
%
%
nos
nos
`Lakhs
MU
`Lakhs
years
tonnes
300
80%
70%
5
840
12.60
0.05
3.68
7
39.74
11.2.4 .Replacement of conventional AC with Star Rated AC
Assumptions:
o
Cost of each 1.5 Ton AC: RS. 28000/-
o
Normal Energy Consumption in conventional AC per day: 9.47kWh/day
o
3 Star AC Energy Consumption: 7.7 kWh/day
o
o
o
Months of operation: 5 months
Table 11.8: Replacement of Conventional air conditioners with EE star rated ACs
Value
Consumers using conventional ACs
Number of Conventional Acs to be replaced per consumer
Energy saved by replacing conventional Acs by EE star rated
Acs
Payback period
65
300
60%
80%
2
144
40
Units
nos
%
%
nos
nos
`lakhs
0.04
2.84
15
30.618
MU
`lakhs
years
tonnes
11.2.5 .Energy Saving through Green Buildings
Energy saving Through Green Buildings
Sr.
NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Particulars
Total No. of Green Building (as per NKDA)
Total Covered area of Green Building
Total Energy Efficient area (50%)
Energy saved in one year @ 100 Kwh/Sqm/year
Emission reduction
Value
8
315000
157500
15.75
787.5
12993.75
Units
Nos
Sqm
Sqm
MU
Lakh
Tonnes
11.2.6 .Summary of EE strategy for Commercial Sector
Table 11.9: Summary of EE strategy for commercial sector
Energy
Efficiency
Strategy Commercial
Replacement of
CFL with LED
Replacement of
conventional
ceiling fan with
Energy Efficient
ceiling fans
Replacement of
conventional air
conditioners with
EE star rated ACs
Replacement of
T12/T8 tube light
by T5 tube light
Energy Efficiency
in Green Buildings
Total
66
Target
Unit
Target
Capaci
ty
Investme
nt (
`lakhs)
Energy Saved
per year (MU)
Emission
Reduction
(Tonnes)
nos
2280
3.74
0.05
40.4
nos
840
12.60
0.05
39.7
nos
144
40
0.04
30.618
nos
1418
7.09
0.07
55.3
Nos
8
787.50
851.25
15.75
15.96
12757.5
12923.62
Industrial (IT) Sector EE Strategy
11.3
11.3.1 .Replacement of T12 with 15 W LED
Assumptions:
o
Cost of each 15 W LED: Rs. 1800/-.
o
Energy Saving per T12: 25 W
o
Table 11.10: Replacement of T12 with 15 W LED in all the premises
Replacement of T12 with 15W LED in all the premises
Value
Total T12 installations in all the premises
Consumers using Incandescent Bulbs
Target to replace Incandescent Bulbs with CFL
Number of lights to be replaced per consumer
Total number of Lights to be replaced
Energy saved by replacing 40 W F12 with 15 W LED
Payback period
10
100%
100%
150
150
2.70
0.01
0.82
0.4
8.9
Units
nos
%
%
nos
nos
`Lakhs
MU
`Lakhs
years
tonnes
11.3.2 .Replacement of T12 / T8 by T5 Tube light
Assumptions:
o
Cost of each T5 Tube Lights: Rs. 500/-.
o
o
Table 11.11: Replacement of T12 / T8 Tube Lights with T5 Tube Light
Value
Total Industrial Consumers
Consumers using T8/T12 tube lights
Target to replace T8/T12 by T5 tube lights
No of tube lights to be replaced per consumer
Total number of T8/T12 tube lights to be replaced
Energy saved by replacing T8/T12 (with magnetic
ballast) with T5 ( with electronic ballast)
Pay back period
67
10
75%
90%
10
68
0.34
Units
nos
%
%
nos
nos
`Lakhs
0.003
0.24
2
2.63
MU
Lakhs
years
tonnes
11.3.3 .Replacement of ceiling fan with EE ceiling fan
Assumptions:
o
Cost of one 50 W Fan: Rs. 1500/-.
o
o
Table 11.12: Replacement of Conventional Ceiling fan with Energy Efficient Ceiling
Fans
Consumers using conventional fans
Number of conventional fan to be replaced per industrial
consumer
Payback period
Value
10
70%
100%
8
56
0.84
0.003
0.25
7
2.65
Units
nos
%
%
nos
nos
`Lakhs
MU
`Lakhs
years
tonnes
11.3.4 .Replacement of conventional air conditioners with EE air
conditioners
Assumptions:
o
Cost of each 1.5 Ton AC: RS. 28000/-
o
Normal Energy Consumption in conventional
AC per day: 9.47kWh/day
o
3 Star AC Energy Consumption: 7.7 kWh/day
o
o
o
Months of operation: 5 months
68
Table 11.13: Replacement of Conventional air conditioners with EE air conditioners
Value
10
Consumers using conventional ACs
70%
100%
Number of Conventional Acs to be replaced per industrial
consumer
Energy saved by replacing conventional Acs by EE star
rated Acs
Payback period
Units
nos
%
%
3
7
3
nos
nos
`lakhs
0.00184
0.14
15
1.49
MU
`lakhs
years
tonnes
11.3.5 .Summary of EE strategy for Industrial (IT) sector.
Table 11.14: Summary of EE strategy for Industrial (IT) sector
Energy Efficiency
Strategy - Industrial
Replacement of T12 with
15W LED in all the premises
Replacement of T12/T8
tube light by T5 tube light
Replacement of
conventional ceiling fan
with Energy Efficient ceiling
fans
Replacement of
conventional air
conditioners with EE star
rated ACs
Total
69
Target
Unit
Energy
Saved per
year (MU)
Emission
Reduction
(Tonnes)
Target
Capacity
Investment
(lakhs)
nos
150
0.82
0.01
9
nos
68
0.34
0.00
3
nos
56
0.84
0.00
3
nos
7.00
2.94
4.94
0.0018
0.02
1
16
11.4 Municipal Sector EE Strategy
11.4.1 .Replacement of 400 W HPSV with 160 W LED
Table 11.15: Replacement of 400 W HPSV with 160 W LED
Sr.
No.
Type of Fixture
1
2
Calculation
Unit
Hrs/Day/Fixture
KW/Day/Fixture
HPSV 400 W
[A]
12
6
LED 160 W
[B]
12
2
KW/Annum/Fixture
KW/Annum/Fixture
Nos
KW/Annum
2015
0
62
0
701
1314
62
81468
`/Annum
Years
0
2
611010
10
-
-
3
4
5
6
Working Hours/Day
Power Consumption
Annual Power
Consumption
Power Saving
Total Nos of Fixtures
Total Power Saving
7
8
Monetary Saving
Life of Lamp
7.5x [6]
-
9
Cost of Lamp
`/lamp
4000
`/12 Yrs
1352727
`/Fixture
15000
40000
`
%
930000
10
2480000
1
`/12 Yrs
93000
12400
`/Yr
7750
1033
`
-
465000
`
2282727
2016033
`/Annum
-
609977
40
[2] x 365
[A]-[B]
[4] x [5]
10
Replacement Cost
[5] x [9] x 12/
[8]
11
Cost of Fixture
-
5
13
Total Cost of Fixtures
Maintenance Cost
[5] x [11]
-
14
Total Maintenance Cost
[12] x [13]/ 100
15
[14]/12
16
Maintenance Cost
Salvage Value of HPSV
Fixture @ 50%
17
Net Investment
18
19
20
70
Net Saving
Payback Period
year
[12A] x 0.5
[10] + [12] –
[16]
[7] - [15]
12 x [17]/ [18]
Month
tonnes
66
11.4.2 Replacement of 250 W HPSV with 100 W LED
Sr.
No.
Type of Fixture
Calculatio
n
1
Working Hours/Day
-
2
Power Consumption
Annual Power
Consumption
-
Power Saving
Total Nos of
Fixtures
Total Power Saving
Monetary Saving
Life of Lamp
Cost of Lamp
[A]-[B]
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
16
Replacement Cost
Cost of Fixture
Total Cost of
Fixtures
Maintenance Cost
Total Maintenance
Cost
Maintenance Cost
Salvage Value of
HPSV Fixture @
50%
17
18
Net Investment
Net Saving
19
Payback Period
Emission Reduction
per year
5
13
14
15
20
71
[2] x 365
[4] x [5]
7.5x [6]
[5] x [9] x
12/ [8]
[5] x [11]
[12] x
[13]/ 100
[14]/12
[12A] x
0.5
[10] +
[12] –
[16]
[7] - [15]
12 x [17]/
[18]
HPSV 250
W
[A]
Unit
Hrs/Day/Fixtur
e
KW/Day/Fixtur
e
KW/Annum/Fix
ture
KW/Annum/Fix
ture
LED 100
W
[B]
12
12
3
1
1095
438
0
657
Nos
KW/Annum
`/Annum
Years
`/lamp
1342
0
0
2
0
1342
881694
6612705
12
-
`/12 Yrs
`/Fixture
0
2800
13000
`
%
3757600
10
17446000
1
`/12 Yrs
`/Yr
375760
31313
87230
7269
`
-
0
`
`/Annum
3757600
-
17453269
6605436
Month
-
32
tonnes
714
11.4.3 .Replacement of 150 W HPSV with 70 W LED
Sr.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Type of Fixture
Working Hours/Day
Power Consumption
Annual Power
Consumption
Power Saving
Total Nos of Fixtures
Total Power Saving
Monetary Saving
Life of Lamp
Cost of Lamp
10
11
5
13
Replacement Cost
Cost of Fixture
Total Cost of Fixtures
Maintenance Cost
14
15
Total Maintenance Cost
Maintenance Cost
Salvage Value of HPSV
Fixture @ 50%
16
17
18
19
20
Net Investment
Net Saving
Payback Period
year
Calculation
[2] x 365
[A]-[B], [A]-[C]
[4] x [5]
7.5x [6]
[5] x [9] x 12/
[8]
[5] x [11]
[12] x [13]/
100
[14]/12
[12A] x 0.5
[10] + [12] –
[16]
[7] - [15]
12 x [17]/ [18]
Hrs/Day/Fixture
KW/Day/Fixture
HPSV 150
W
[A]
12
2
LED 70 W
[B]
12
1
KW/Annum/Fixture
KW/Annum/Fixture
Nos
KW/Annum
`/Annum
Years
`/lamp
657
0
614
0
0
2
550
307
350
614
215146
1613592
12
-
`/12 Yrs
`/Fixture
`
%
1842000
2500
1535000
10
6500
3991000
1
`/12 Yrs
`/Yr
153500
12792
19955
1663
`
-
767500
`
`/Annum
Month
3377000
-
3225163
1611929
24
Unit
tonnes
11.4.4 .Electricity Saving by Design Efficiency in Water pumping
system.
Table 11.18: Improvement in Design Efficiency
Annual Energy consumption
Annual Energy Cost
Estimated Investment
Tentative Energy Savings
Total Annual Savings
Annual Monetary Savings
Emission Reduction
72
Value
0.871328
65.35
6.80
12%
0.10
8
85
Units
MU
Lakhs
lakhs
%
MU
Lakhs
tonnes
174
11.4.5 .Electricity saving by installation of Variable frequency Drives
(VFD) in Water pumping system.
Table 11.19: Improvement in Design Efficiency
Annual Energy consumption
Annual Energy Cost
Estimated investment
Tentative Energy Savings
Total Annual Savings
Annual Monetary Savings
Emission Reduction
73
Value
0.871328
65.35
6
8%
0.07
5
56
Units
MU
Lakhs
Lakhs
%
MU
Lakhs
tonnes
11.4.6 .Summary of EE strategy Municipal Sector
Table 11.20: Summary of EE strategy Municipal Sector
Energy Efficiency
Strategy - Municipal
Replacement of High Mast
Tower lights of 400W with
LED lights of 150 W
Replacement of High
Pressure Sodium Vapor
Lamps of 250W with LED
lights of 100 W
Replacement of High
Pressure Sodium Vapor
Lamps of 150 W with LED
lights of 70 W
Improvement of Design
Efficiency in Pumping
System
Target
Unit
Variable Speed Drivers
Total
74
Target
Capacity
Investment
( `lakhs)
Energy
Saved
per year
(MU)
Emission
Reduction
(Tonnes)
nos
62
20
0.08
66
nos
1342
175
0.88
714
nos
614
32
0.22
174
MU
0.10
7
0.10
85
MU
0.07
6
240
0.07
1.35
56
1096
12
Budget & Action Plan
To meet the growing energy needs of New Town Kolkata, optimizing energy
conservation and resource efficiency is needed which would thus reduce per capita
electricity demand. This would minimize the need for new generation and reduce
GHG emissions. It would enable a cleaner environment with reduced green house
gases and other pollutants, thereby addressing the environmental concerns.
As matter of priority, in order to develop New Town Kolkata as a solar city, the
principal government agencies should be committed to:
•
Discussing critical energy issues jointly through open meetings and ongoing
informal communication.
•
Sharing of information and analyses to minimize duplication, maximize a
common understanding and ensure a broad basis for decision making.
•
Continuing progress in meeting the environmental goals and standards,
including
minimizing
the
energy
sectors
impact
on
local
and
global
environment.
Based on the analysis of potential for demand side measures along with that of
supply side augmentation through renewable energy technologies, the following
targets are proposed for New Town Kolkata in order to develop it as a solar city.
These targets are based on the detailed analysis and renewable resource potential
assessment.
The short term targets for energy conservation are based on the energy
conservation options identified and also with the recommendation for detailed
energy
audit.
To
achieve
the
medium
and
long
term
targets
the
key
implementation points of the proposed Integrated Development Plan to make New
Town Kolkata a solar city is summarized below.
12.1 Implementation Plan
•
For implementation of the projects under the solar city scheme, an
empowered committee may be set up which may work in coordination with
the Solar city cell under the chairmanship of NKDA.
•
The solar city cell may take advantage of the programmes like JNNURM for
implementation of the master plan.
•
The solar city cell may also take advantage of the grant in aid being
provided by the BEE to design a few pilot energy efficient buildings in the
city, in accordance with ECBC. The possibility of availing incentives provided
by central government for IGBC/GRIHA rated buildings may also be
explored.
75
•
The solar city cell/NKDA may work proactively:
o
To get ECBC notification immediately.
o
To ensure that building byelaws are changed in accordance with it.
o
To ensure that all upcoming non residential buildings are brought under
the ambit of ECBC and incorporate the relevant green building elements.
o
To ensure that the major new commercial complexes are IGBC/GRIHA
certified.
•
NKDA may distribute quality CFLs to its residents at concessional prices or
on easy payment terms which could be registered as CDM project, which
can act as a revenue generator to NKDA and also help in energy
conservation.
•
NKDA may initiate a dialogue with the electricity department for introducing
rebate on electricity tariff for domestic consumers who employ solar
devices.
•
NKDA may also give property tax rebates to residents, commercial
establishment who install solar water heating systems and rain water
harvesting systems.
•
To begin with NKDA can go in for the detailed Energy audit of the whole
area under township and take up various projects; street lighting,
optimization of water pumping system etc. on priority basis through ESCO
mode. The draft EOI, RFP documents for the same are attached in
Annexure.
•
NKDA may initiate on priority basis the tender for Roof top Solar PV for
NKDA office building and other buildings.
•
Utilizing various MNRE schemes NKDA may initiate installation of solar
based LED traffic lights, solar street lights, building integrated solar PV, and
other relevant solar products on priority basis.
•
NKDA may launch adequate and suitable campaign on solar city covering all
media resources – including print, radio and television.
•
In order to spearhead the campaign activities and to demonstrate the same
to public, NKDA can construct an energy park and avail benefits of Scheme
(Format attached in Annexure) which will act as an inviting place to provide
public education about issues of sustainable energy and also demonstrate
working models and benefits of various RE/EE devices along with Akshay
Urja Shops.
•
Setting up of solar powered, LED display boards at the strategic locations of
the city which would not only display the fact that New Town Kolkata is a
solar city but also display pollution levels, temperature updates, and
76
messages useful to general public can taken up on public private
partnership basis.
•
NKDA along with WBREDA can organize a series of training programmes on
Green
Buildings
for
Town
Planners,
architects,
HVAC
and
lighting
consultants and engineers involved in the building sector.
•
NKDA in close coordination with BEE may initiate the creation of database of
energy
auditors
who
can
then
be
engaged
by
house
owners
/
builders/developers for obtaining the energy audit and implementing EC
measures. Such residents could be given rebates / subsidies.
•
NKDA may initiate working closely with local traders and manufacturers to
initiate the propagation energy efficient appliances.
12.2 Annual Energy Saving Target
The target of reduction was set as to achieve a 10% reduction in the demand for
the baseline year by the end of five year period. Now since this turns out to be 85
million Units of electricity equivalent. This has to be achieved through a
combination of RE and EE measures. The action plan sets a goal of total savings of
89 MU with the savings due to RE is 58 MU and due to EE is 31 MU. Therefore, it
can be seen that 68 % of the reduction is achieved through suggested RE
measures and 36 % of the reduction is achieved through EE measures.
Table 12.1: Year wise Energy Saving Target
RE & EE Strategy for
New Town Kolkata
RE for Residential
Sector
RE for commercial
Sector
RE for Municipal sector
RE for Industrial sector
Total RE Strategy
EE for Residential
Sector
EE for Commercial
Sector
EE for institutional
sector
EE for Municipal sector
Total for EE strategy
77
Energy Saving Target over 5 years
period of implementation (MU per
year)
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
Year
Year
Year
Year
1st
Cumul Cumul Cumul Cumul
Year ative
ative
ative
ative
% of
saving
s
target
to
achiev
e
Emissi
on
reduct
ion
1
3
6
10
14
16%
11016
2
2
1
5
4
4
2
14
7
7
4
25
11
11
6
38
16
16
9
55
19%
19%
10%
65%
13231
13178
7028
37425
1
3
6
9
13
16%
10728
1.60
0.00
2
0.14
3
3.99
7.18
11.17
15.96
18.84%
12924
0.005
0.34
8
0.01
0.61
14
0.01
0.95
21
0.02
1.35
30.57
0.02%
2%
36%
16
1094
24761
RE & EE Combined
Strategy
9
21
38
60
85
101%
62186
12.3 Annual Budget Allocation
The total indicative budget of solar city is estimated as Rs 316 crore which will be
invested over a five year period. Indicative Budget for Renewable Energy and
Energy efficiency is Rs. 281 Crore and Rs. 35 Crore respectively. The year wise
budget allocation is shown in the table 12.2 and table 12.3 below.
12.3.1 .Indicative Budget for Renewable Energy
Table 12.2: Year wise budget Allocation for RE projects
Activities
Renewable Energy
Strategy - Residential
Installation of solar
water heaters (200
LPD)
Use of solar home
lighting systems (74Wp)
Use of Solar home
inverter(250 Wp)
Use of PV for replacing
DG sets
Sub Total
Rooftop Solar PV in
Buildings of school and
Community hall
Rooftop Solar in
Healthcare Facilities
SWH for Commercial
Sector
Energy From Municipal
Solid Waste
Sub Total
Renewable Energy
Municipal
Installation of 5 MW
Solar PV Plant
78
Total
Budget
(lakhs)
Year 1
10%
Year2
15%
Year 3
20%
Year 4
25%
Year 5
1260
126
189
252
315
378
0
0
0
0
0
0
5670
567
851
1134
1418
1701
5400
12330
540
1233
810
1850
1080
2466
1350
3083
1620
3699
794
79
119
159
199
238
901
114
90
11
135
17
180
23
225
29
270
34
32
750
3
75
5
113
6
150
8
188
10
225
1260
3852
126
385
189
578
252
770
315
963
378
1156
0
0
0
0
0
0
30%
Rooftop Solar PV in
Building
Rooftop Solar PV in
Markets
Replacement of
Conventional Street
Lights with Solar Street
Lights
Sewerage treatment
plant
RE systems for
Advertisement
Hoardings
Sub Total
714
71
107
143
178
214
448
45
67
90
112
134
160
25
16
3
24
4
32
5
40
6
48
8
1500
3430
0
343
0
515
0
686
0
858
1500
1029
70
6347
7
485
11
727
14
969
18
1212
21
2954
0
0
0
0
0
0
5562
5562
556
556
834
834
1112
1112
1391
1391
1669
1669
28091
2659
3989
5318
6648
9477
Renewable Energy
Strategy - Industrial
SWH installation in
Industrial sector of New
Kolkata Town City
Roof Top Solar PV
System in High Rise
Residential, corporate
institutional and IT
sector
Sub Total
Grand Total
12.3.2 .Indicative Budget for Energy Efficiency
Table 12.3: Year wise budget Allocation for EE projects
Energy Efficiency
Strategy Residential
Replacement of
CFL with LED
Replacement of
conventional
ceiling fan with
Energy Efficient
ceiling fans
Replacement of
conventional
airconditioners
with EE star
rated ACs
Total
79
Investment
(Lakhs Rs.)
Year 1
Year2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
384
38
58
77
96
115
1823
182
273
365
456
547
252
2459
25
246
38
369
50
492
63
615
76
738
Energy Efficiency
Strategy Commercial
Replacement of
CFL with LED
Replacement of
conventional
ceiling fan with
Energy Efficient
ceiling fans
Replacement of
conventional air
conditioners with
EE star rated ACs
Replacement of
T12/T8 tube light
by T5 tube light
Energy Efficiency
in Green
Buildings
Total
Energy Efficiency
Industrial
Replacement of
T12 with 15W
LED in all the
premises
Replacement of
T12/T8 tube light
by T5 tube light
Replacement of
conventional
ceiling fan with
Energy Efficient
ceiling fans
Replacement of
conventional air
conditioners with
EE star rated ACs
Total
Energy Efficiency
Strategy Municipal
Replacement of
High Mast Tower
lights of 400W
with LED lights of
150 W
Replacement of
80
Investment
(Lakhs Rs.)
Year 1
Year2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
3.74
0.37
1
1
1
1
12.60
1
2
3
3
4
40.32
4
6
8
10
12
7.09
1
1
1
2
2
787.50
79
118
158
197
236
851.25
85
128
170
213
255
Investment
(Lakhs Rs.)
Year 1
Year2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
0.82
0.08
0.12
0.16
0.21
0.25
0.34
0.03
0.05
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.84
0.08
0.13
0.17
0.21
0.25
2.94
4.94
0.29
0.49
0.44
0.74
0.59
0.99
0.74
1.23
0.88
1.48
Investment
(Lakhs Rs.)
Year 1
20
175
2
17
Year2
3
26
Year 3
4
35
Year 4
5
44
Year 5
6
52
High Pressure
Sodium Vapor
Lamps of 250W
with LED lights of
100 W
Replacement of
High Pressure
Sodium Vapor
Lamps of 150 W
with LED lights of
70 W
Improvement of
Design Efficiency
in Pumping
System
Variable Speed
Drivers
Sub Total
Grand Total
32
3
5
6
8
10
7
1
1
1
2
2
6
240
1
24
1
36
1
48
2
60
2
72
3555
356
533
711
889
1067
The total budget will be shared by NKDA/ state Government, MNRE and
•
private share in the proportion shown in the figure below.
Share of different stakeholders in the proposed budgetary
allocation
15.11%
59.69%
25.20%
MNRE Contribution
NKDA
Private user contribution
Table 12.4: Budget Contribution
MNRE Contribution
Renewable Energy Strategy
81
Total
(
Lakhs)
3699
Year
1
370
Year2
555
Year
3
740
Year 4
925
Year
5
1110
- Residential
Renewable Energy
Municipal
- Industrial
25.20%
State /City Contribution
Renewable Energy
Municipal
Energy Efficiency Strategy Municipal
15.11%
Private User
Contribution
- Residential
- Commercial
Energy Efficiency Strategy Residential
Energy Efficiency Strategy Commercial
Renewable EnergyIndustrial
59.69%
Grand Total
802
80
120
160
201
241
1806
181
271
361
452
542
1669
7976
167
631
250
946
334
1261
417
1577
501
1892
4541
454
681
908
1135
1362
240
4781
24
478
36
717
48
956
60
1195
72
1434
8631
863
1295
1726
2158
2589
3050
305
458
610
763
915
2459
246
369
492
615
738
851
85
128
170
213
255
3893
5
18889
31646
389
0
1889
2998
584
1
2833
4497
779
1
3778
5995
973
1
4722
7494
1168
1
5667
8993
12.4 Action Plan
The table shown in Annex shows the detailed year wise action plan and targets of
various strategies (RE & EE). He year wise target has been distributed in such a
way that initial years target is less and it gradually increases till 5th year as the
awareness level of the citizens also increase.
12.5
Capacity Building and Awareness Generation
In order to inculcate the energy conservation techniques in the common
architecture, it is essential that all the practitioners be properly trained in energy
efficient
or
Green
Architecture.
NKDA
may
organize a
series
of
training
programmes for the planners, architects, electrical, HVAC and lighting consultants
and engineers involved in the building sector. These courses, tailor made to suit
different levels, would have to be imparted to all the professionals, in public as well
as in private sector – on a regular basis.
82
Specific training programmes need to be designed for front line workers and
technicians and also for those in supervisory role, for effective monitoring of
energy demand.
Entire members of solar city cell should be trained on RE and EE by MNRE and BEE
respectively on various PPP models and in terms of selection of appropriate private
party.
Public awareness and education being central to successful changeover to solar
city, it is imperative for NKDA to engage the public through sustained awareness
campaigns and communicate the benefits of energy conservation and renewable
energy to different user groups, including local elected representatives.
A key component of the awareness campaign would be to capture school children’s
attention towards energy efficiency and clean future. Thus the campaign for the
school children will include the following elements:
Inter School essay and drawing competitions.
Inter School quizzes.
Workshops and seminars.
Exhibitions and demonstrations.
Field Trips.
NKDA can also initiate awareness campaigns along with electricity departments to
generate a public response on energy conservation like door to door campaign,
newsletters etc.
12.5.1 Capacity Building for Green Buildings
Target
Groups
Subgroups
Government
Agencies
1. NKDA
2.
HIDCO
3. NTESCL
4. WBREDA
83
Types of Awareness/training Required
Training on Guidelines and regulations to achieve
energy efficiency in the built environment of NKDA
Awareness Generation Activities:
1. National environmental initiatives viz., GRIHA,
ECBC etc
2. Audit all govt. buildings and retrofit
Building
Professional
s
and
Professional
Bodies
Architects
Engineers
Planners
Builders
Training on Guidelines and regulations that are
incorporated into the building bye laws to achieve
energy efficiency in the built environment of NKDA.
Awareness Generation Activities:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Civil Society
General public
Incentives for building professionals and
builders
Latest products in the market
National environmental initiatives viz., GRIHA,
ECBC etc
Labeled appliances/products
Annual meets to have a segment on energy
efficiency in buildings
Training
on
simple
techniques
upon
energy
conservation, electricity saving and practices on green
building construction
Awareness generation activities:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Resident
welfare
associations
Through Website
Hoardings and billboards
Print media/posters/education leaflets
Eco Cell free personalized consultations
interface with general public
Print & electronic media (TV, Radio) initiatives
to sensitize public to the need of energy
efficient buildings
Training
on
simple
techniques
upon
energy
conservation, electricity saving and practices on green
building construction
Awareness generation activities:
1. Energy efficient construction measures, energy
saving – provide checklist for display in
residential areas
2. Locality related development measures
3. National energy conservation initiatives viz.,
References
•
84
http://www.cea.nic.in
•
www.mnre.gov.in
•
www.powermin.nic.in
•
http://www.indiaenergyportal.org/overview_detail.php
•
http://www.bee-india.nic.in
•
http://www.isci-cities.org
•
http://www.eu-solarcities.org
•
http://www.solarcity.org
•
http://www.ises.org
•
http://www.europeangreencities.com/publications/publications.asp
•
http://www.energy-cities.eu
•
http://www.environment.gov.au/settlements/solarcities/
•
http://www.martinot.info/solarcities/barcelona.htm
•
http://www.martinot.info/solarcities/linz.htm
•
http://www.mahaurja.com/
•
http://www.igbc.in
•
http://lab.cgpl.iisc.ernet.in/Atlas/
•
http://www.larc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/disclaimer.cgi?http://www.retscreen.net/
•
http://mnre.gov.in/pdf/mission-document-JNNSM.pdf
•
India - Manual for the Development of Municipal Energy Efficiency Projects,
2008
•
International Energy Agency, 2009 report
•
Unlocking Energy Efficiency in US Economy, McKinsey Global Energy and
Materials, July 2009
•
Environmental and Energy Sustainability: An Approach for India, McKinsey
& Company, Aug 2009
•
85
The Economics of Solar Power, McKinsey Quarterly, June 2008
Annexure 1
1- Action plan for Utilization of Funds
86
87
Annexure 2- Summary of RE Strategies
Energy
Saved
per
year
(MU)
0.65
0.00
6.63
6.32
13.60
Renewable Energy Strategy - Residential
Target
Unit
Target
Capacity
Investment
(Lakhs Rs.)
MNRE
Subsidy
(Lakhs
Rs.)
Installation of solar water heaters (200 LPD)
Use of solar home lighting systems (74Wp)
Use of Solar home inverter(250 Wp)
Use of PV for replacing DG sets
Sqmt
Nos
KWp
KWp
14400
0
4725
4500
1260.00
0.00
5670.00
5400.00
12330.00
378.00
0.00
1701.00
1620.00
3699.00
882.00
0.00
3969.00
3780.00
8631.00
User
Contribution
(Lakhs Rs.)
Energy
Saved
per
year
(MU)
Emission
Reduction
(Tonnes)
Total
Renewable Energy -Commercial
Rooftop Solar PV in Buildings of school and
Community hall
Rooftop Solar in Healthcare Facilities
Energy From Municipal Solid Waste
Installation of 5 MW Solar PV Plant
Rooftop Solar PV in Building
88
Emission
Reduction
(Tonnes)
524.88
0.00
5373.46
5117.58
11015.92
Target
Unit
Target
Capacity
Investment
(Lakhs Rs.)
MNRE
Subsidy
(Lakhs
Rs.)
KW
882.75
794.48
238.34
556.13
1.45
1174.43
KW
KW
Sqmt
MW
MW
1001.00
127.03
648.00
1.00
1.93
900.90
114.33
32.40
750.00
1260.00
3852.10
270.27
34.30
7.13
0.00
252.00
802.04
630.63
80.03
25.27
750.00
1008.00
3050.06
1.41
0.18
0.07
1.40
11.83
16.335
1138.38
144.46
57.47
1137.24
9579.06
13231.05
User
Contribution
(Lakhs Rs.)
0.00
499.65
Total
User
Contribution
(Lakhs Rs.)
Target
Unit
Target
Capacity
Investment
(Lakhs Rs.)
MNRE
Subsidy
(Lakhs
Rs.)
MW
KW
0.00
793.10
0.00
713.79
0.00
214.14
Energy
Saved
per
year
(MU)
0.00
1.11
Emission
Reduction
(Tonnes)
0.00
901.95
Rooftop Solar PV in Markets
Replacement of Conventional Street Lights with
Solar Street Lights
Sewerage treatment plant
RE systems for Advertisement Hoardings
Total
Renewable Energy Strategy - Industrial
SWH installation in Industrial sector of New Kolkata
Town City
Roof Top Solar PV System in High Rise Residential,
corporate institutional and IT sector
Total
89
KW
497.70
447.93
134.38
313.55
0.70
566.00
Nos
800.00
160.00
48.00
112.00
0.08
67.32
Nos
MW
KW
Nos
100.00
1.76
2450.00
70.00
25.00
1500.00
3430.00
70.00
6346.72
7.50
352.12
1029.00
21.00
1806.14
17.50
1147.88
2401.00
49.00
4540.58
0.02
10.65
3.68
0.03
16.27
16.83
8625.04
2976.75
23.88
13177.77
User
Contribution (
`Lakhs)
Energy
Saved
per
year
(MU)
Emission
Reduction
(Tonnes)
Target
Unit
Target
Capacity
Investment
( `lakhs)
MNRE
Subsidy
( `lakhs)
Sqmt
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
MWp
6.18
5562.00
1668.60
3893.40
8.68
7028.14
5562.00
1668.60
3893.40
8.68
7028.14
Annexure 3- Summary of EE Strategies
Energy Efficiency Strategy - Residential
Replacement of CFL with LED
Target
Unit
nos
Target
Capacity
202500.00
Investment
(Lakhs Rs.)
384.35
Energy
Saved
per year
(MU)
5.91
Replacement of conventional ceiling fan with Energy Efficient ceiling fans
nos
121500.00
1822.50
7.10
5747.44
nos
900.00
252.00
2458.85
0.24
13.24
191.36
10728.33
Target
Capacity
2280
Investment
(Lakhs Rs.)
3.74
Energy
Saved
per year
(MU)
0.05
Emission
Reduction
(Tonnes)
40.44
Replacement of conventional air conditioners with EE star rated ACs
Total
Emission
Reduction
(Tonnes)
4789.53
Energy Efficiency Strategy - Commercial
Replacement of CFL with LED
Target
Unit
nos
nos
840
12.60
0.05
39.74
Replacement of conventional airconditioners with EE star rated ACs
nos
144
40.32
0.04
30.62
Replacement of T12/T8 tubelight by T5 tube light
nos
1418
7
0
55
Nos
8
788
851.25
16
15.96
12758
12923.62
Investment
(lakhs)
0.82125
Energy
Saved
per year
(MU)
0.01095
Emission
Reduction
(Tonnes)
9
Energy Efficiency in Green Buildings
Total
Replacement of T12 with 15W LED in all the premises
90
Target
Unit
nos
Target
Capacity
150
Replacement of T12/T8 tubelight by T5 tube light
Replacement of conventional airconditioners with EE star rated ACs
Total
68
56
7
0.34
0.84
2.94
4.94
0.00
0.00327
0.001838
0.02
3
3
1
16
Target
Capacity
62
Investment
( `lakhs)
20.16
Energy
Saved per
year (MU)
0.08
Emission
Reduction
(Tonnes)
65.99
nos
1342
174.53
0.88
714.17
nos
614
32.25
0.22
174.27
Improvement of Design Efficiency in Pumping System
MU
0.10
6.80
0.10
84.69
Variable Speed Drivers
MU
0.07
6.40
0.07
56.46
240.14
1.35
1095.58
Energy Efficiency Strategy - Municipal
Replacement of High Mast Tower lights of 400W with LED lights of 150 W
Replacement of High Pressure Sodium Vapor Lamps of 250W with LED lights of
100 W
Replacement of High Pressure Sodium Vapor Lamps of 150 W with LED lights
of 70 W
Total
91
nos
nos
nos
Target
Unit
nos
Annexure 4- Year wise Action Plan for Solar City Project
92
Annexure 5- Primary Survey Data
RESIDENTIAL ENERGY USED SURVEY
Serial no-01
Name-SwaroopRai
Contact No-9831047969
Address-
Raj-hind co-operative society Ltd, BolakaAwasan, New town KOLKATA
Building type- Housing scheme
Floor area of the house-400 sqft
Electricity supplier-NTESCL
Fuel used for cooking-LPG
No of people in your house-5
How many rooms in your house-3
No of 1.Electric fan
-2
2.A.C
3.Refrigerator
-Not available
-1
4.Television
-1
5. Geyser
- Not available
6. CFL
-8
7.Fluoresent tube - 2
Last electricity bill-2000 Rs
93
Serial no-02
Name-A.B Dutta
Address- A 5.2 NBCC housing society,
New town KOLKATA
Building type- Apartment building / flat
Floor area of the house- 1100 sqft
-3
2.A.C
3.Refrigerator
-2
-1
4.Television
-2
5. Geyser
-1
6. CFL
7. Tube light
-9
-2
Serial no-03
Name-NilimaProketh
Address- A 1.6 NBCC housing society, New town KOLKATA
-4
2.A.C
3.Refrigerator
-2
-1
4.Television
-2
5. Geyser
-1
6. CFL
-4
7. fluorescent tube-3
94
Serial no-04
Name-S. Mishra
Address-A 13.7 , NBCC housing society,
New town KOLKATA
-3
2.A.C
-3
3.Refrigerator
-1
4.Television
-2
5. Geyser
-1
6. CFL
-8
Serial no-05
Name-Sanjay Kr Singh
New town KOLKATA
-3
2.A.C
3.Refrigerator
95
-2
-2
4.Television
-2
5. Geyser
-1
Serial no-06
6. CFL
-8
Name-A.K Roy
New town KOLKATA
-3
2.A.C
3.Refrigerator
-2
-1
4.Television
-2
5. Geyser
-1
6. CFL
-4
7.Fluoresent tube- 4
Serial no-07
Name-K. Chattopahyea
Address-A 4.8 , NBCC housing society, New town KOLKATA
-2
2.A.C
3.Refrigerator
-2
-2
4.Television
-2
5. Geyser
-1
6. CFL
-4
7.Fluoresent tube-9
96
Serial no-08
Name-K. Dutta
Address- NBCC housing society, New town KOLKATA
-4
2.A.C
3.Refrigerator
-3
-2
4.Television
-2
5. Geyser
-2
6. CFL
-5
7. Fluorescent tube-3
Serial no-09
Name- A. Agarwal
Address-B 2.7 , NBCC housing society, New town KOLKATA
-5
2.A.C
3.Refrigerator
-2
4.Television
-3
5. Geyser
-2
6. CFL
97
-3
-8
Serial no-10
Name-S. Das
Address-B 3.5 , NBCC housing society, New town KOLKATA
-5
2.A.C
3.Refrigerator
-3
-1
4.Television
-3
5. Geyser
-2
6. CFL
-5
Serial no-11
Name-S.Som
Address-C 4.2 , NBCC housing society, New town KOLKATA
Floor area of the house- Not available
-4
2.A.C
3.Refrigerator
-2
-1
4.Television
-2
5. Geyser
-2
6. CFL
-4
98
Serial no-12
Name-A.Kumar
Address-C 7.6 , NBCC housing society,
New town KOLKATA
Floor area of the house-Not available
-4
2.A.C
3.Refrigerator
-1
-1
4.Television
-2
5. Geyser
-1
6. CFL
-5
99
Serial no-13
Name-SuchitraGautam
Address-E 4.1 , NBCC housing society,New town KOLKATA
-4
2.A.C
3.Refrigerator
-3
-2
4.Television
-2
5. Geyser
-2
6. CFL
-6
Serial no-14
Name-Amit Mishra
Address-E 9.3 , NBCC housing society,New town KOLKATA
-5
2.A.C
3.Refrigerator
-2
-2
4.Television
-3
5. Geyser
-2
6. CFL
-5
100
Serial no-15
Name-A.Garg
Address-D 6.1 , NBCC housing society,
New town KOLKATA
Floor area of the house- 1706sq ft
-5
2.A.C
3.Refrigerator
-3
-2
4.Television
-3
5. Geyser
-2
6. CFL
-6
Serial no-16
Name-SachinVishwanathan
Address-D 7.3 , NBCC housing society, New town KOLKATA
-5
2.A.C
3.Refrigerator
-2
4.Television
-3
5. Geyser
-2
6. CFL
101
-2
-7
Serial no-17
Name-Pramita Pal Sharma
Address-F 1.7 , NBCC housing society,
New town KOLKATA
-4
2.A.C
-2
3.Refrigerator
-2
4.Television
-2
5. Geyser
-1
6. CFL
-5
Serial no-18
Name-Shayamalbogai
Address-G 9.3 NBCC housing society, New town KOLKATA
-4
2.A.C
3.Refrigerator
102
-2
-1
4.Television
-2
5. Geyser
-1
6. CFL
-6
Serial no-19
Name-M.Kumar
Address-G 4.3 , NBCC housing society, New town KOLKATA
-5
2.A.C
3.Refrigerator
-3
-1
4.Television
-3
5. Geyser
-2
6. CFL
-6
103
Serial no-20
Name-P. K Jha
Address-G 12.7 , NBCC housing society, New town KOLKATA
-4
2.A.C
3.Refrigerator
-2
-1
4.Television
-2
5. Geyser
-1
6. CFL
-7
Serial no-21
Name-Shankar Prasad Vishwas
Address-G 4.7 , NBCC housing society,
New town KOLKATA
-3
2.A.C
3.Refrigerator
-1
4.Television
-2
5. Geyser
-1
6. CFL
104
-2
-6
Serial no-22
Name-V.P Shapre
Address-H 1.6 , NBCC housing society,
New town KOLKATA
Floor area of the house- 1155sq ft
2.A.C
3.Refrigerator
-3
-1
-1
4.Television
-2
5. Geyser
-1
6. CFL
-7
Serial no-23
Name-LakshmanRajgopalam
Address-H 4.7 , NBCC housing society, New town KOLKATA
-3
2.A.C
3.Refrigerator
-1
4.Television
-2
5. Geyser
-2
6. CFL
Serial no-24
105
-3
-3
Name-Basant Kumar Rana
New town KOLKATA
Fuel used for cooking- LPG
-3
2.A.C
3.Refrigerator
-3
-2
4.Television
-2
5. Geyser
-1
6. CFL
7. Tube light
-4
-5
Serial no-25
Name- Gopal Chakarvarti
New town KOLKATA
Building typeFloor area of the house-1155 sqft
-5
2.A.C
3.Refrigerator
-2
4.Television
-2
5. Geyser
-2
6. CFL
106
-3
-3
Serial no-26
Serial no-27
Name- RupankarBhadra
Name- B.Para
Address-T1/A2/FRI/Milenium tower
Address-T1/A2/F1/Milenium tower
Electricity supplier-WBSEDCL
Fuel used for cooking-LPG/Electricity
Fuel
Building type-Apartment Flat
cooker
Monthly fuel consumption
Building type-Apartment flat
-
No of people in house-Under 5
No of people in house-5-10
Electric appliances- 1.Micro oven-1
used
for
2.Refrigeration
Last (1) Electricity bill(2) Electricity consumptionElectric appliances- 1.Refrigerator-1
2.Washing
machine-1
3.Electric tooster-1
4.Micro oven-1
5.Gyser-1
Light Type- CFL
Number of 1. Fans-5
2. Air conditioner-3
Rating-2AC-5 star
1AC-3 star
107
cooking-LPG/Induction
Light Type- CFL
Number of 1. Fans-3
Serial no-28
Serial no-29
Name-sriChatterjee
Name-MrschandonaDutta
Address-T1/A1/F1 Milenium tower
Contact no-7278950513
Address-T1/A1/18 Milenium tower
Building type-Apartment / flat
Electric appliances- 1
Building type-Apartment/flat
Light Type- CFL
Number of 1. Fan-7
Number of 1. Fans-3
3.CFL-8
4.Geyser-1
5.Refrigeretor-2
Serial no-30
Serial no-31
Name- C.N Banarjee
Name-BhaskarSen
Address-T1/A2/F4/15 Millennium tower
Address-T1/A2/Fr/3
Building type-Apartment / flat
Building type-Apartment/ flat
Number of 1. Fans-3
Number of 1. Fans-6
2. CFL-10
3.Washing machine-1
4.CFL-6
4. Refrigeraror-2
5.Refrigerator-2
Serial no-32
Name-Jitendra Mahapatra
Address-T1/A2/F1 Millennium tower Electricity supplier-WBSEDCL Fuel used for cookingLPG Building type-Apartment/flat
Number of 1. Fans-6
108
2. CFL-8-
Annexure 6- Initiative taken by NKDA
With reference to the “The Kolkata Gazette, Extra Ordinary, August 10 2009”
clause number 23. NKDA has provided
2% Building Sanction fees rebate for
implementation of following environment friendly measures.
1. Rain water harvesting, consisting storing, treating and use of rain water
accumulated in roof, pathway, garden, which amounts not less than 10% of the
total water consumption of the users annually of the said plot to be vetted by
concern expert.
2. Alternative sources of energy like solar energy and other which reduces not less
than 30% of the average energy consumption (vetted by energy expert) by the
users of the plot.
3. Solar passive Architecture, which reduces the load on conventional energy
consumption (vetted by energy expert) as well as increases the building efficiency
in lighting, ventilation.
4. Use of Fly ash bricks, aggregates (at least 50 % of total quantity of brick used for
the project) etc to be vetted by the development authority.
109
Annexure 7- List of Solar City members
110
Annexure 7- List of Stakeholder committee members
111
Annexure 8- Solar City Approval Letter from MNRE
112
Annexure 8- Existing Project Details
The growing mismatch between demand of
electricity
for
industrial,
air-conditioning,
pumping and domestic uses, coupled with
peak load energy deficit in urban areas,
poses a serious problem. About 25% of total
commercial energy in India is consumed by
services like lighting, air-conditioning, room
heating and ventilation. Judicial integration
of Solar PV and Solar Thermal Energy
System make the building highly energy
efficient.
Adoption
of
features
makes
Solar
a
Passive
house
Architecture
cool
during
summer. With passive concepts, the house will get cool breeze from south though water
bodies. It also ensures natural light and better air circulation inside the house.
The birth of Rabi Rashmi Abasan
Rabi Rashmi Abasan (meaning a solar housing complex), India’s first solar complex came
into being mainly due to the tariff order. This complex conceived by WBREDA (West
Bengal Renewable Energy Development Agency) is located at New Town Kolkata and is
spread over an area of 1.76 acres. Each house owner within the complex will produce his
own power for domestic use and feed any surplus power into the local grid. It is also
having grid connection for as and when needed. The utility will pay the house owner and
vice versa.
.Solar systems at the complex
There are 25 independent apartments in the complex, each of which has been provided
with a rooftop solar PV system of 2-kWp capacity. Sixteen single crystal silicon modules
of 125 Wp have been put up in each case. These will produce power during the day and
any surplus power that is not consumed by the individual household will be supplied to
the local grid. In addition, each household has a
100-litre solar water heating system. Seventeen
solar streetlights have been installed to light up
the entire area. The streetlights are unique in
the sense that batteries are placed on the top
with a proper nicely designed colorful fabricated
pole. The community centre has a solar
swimming
pool
and
an
8-kW
BIPV
in
the
southern side of the building. This specially
designed complex not only uses active solar with
proper ducting arrangements has been kept in
the building for smooth flow of hot air in and out
113
of the building. This also ensures proper ventilation inside the room. Natural lighting has
been arranged in all rooms as far as possible.
Passive solar components
About 25% of the total commercial energy in India is spent on lighting, air-conditioning
and ventilation, and so on. The Rabi Rashmi complex incorporates several features
specific to solar passive architecture. This keeps houses cool during summer months,
and also reduces the daily peak demand. A unique feature is the use of solar chimney. A
small lily pool in the southern side with proper ducting arrangements has been kept in
the building for smooth flow of hot air in and out of the building. This also ensures
proper ventilation inside the room. Natural lighting has been arranged in all rooms as far
as possible.
Insulated walls and windows
Thermal comfort of the buildings is enhanced
through insulation on the south- west-, and eastside walls of each individual unit in the housing
complex. The insulation material used here is
extruded polystyrene block of 50-mm thickness
inside walls that are 250 mm thick. Double glazed
windows have also been provided in the openings
on such walls to exercise radiant energy control
in the buildings. Double glazing has been done maintaining complete vacuum inside.
Intelligent water supply system
The housing complex has also been provided with energy-efficient hydro pneumatic
pumping arrangement to supply pressurized water. This intelligent system design based
on auto-start/auto off mode and installed centrally is expected to match the end user
requirements fully. The underlying idea is to do away with the conventional individual
household pumping arrangement and thus save some energy in the process. The system
comprises a pump motor set, micro processor/controller-based control unit, pressure
gauge, pressure transmitter, pressure tank, and different control valves. There is also an
emergency tank for each house.
114
16
No.5/23/2009-P&C
Dated 16.06.2010
ANNEXURE-3
MINIMAL TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS/ STANDARDS FOR OFF-GRID/ STANDALONE SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) POWER PLANTS/ SYSTEMS TO BE
DEPLOYED UNDER THE NATIONAL SOLAR MISSION
1.
2.
PV MODULES:
1.1
The PV modules must conform to the latest edition of any of the following
IEC / equivalent BIS Standards for PV module design qualification and
type approval:
Crystalline Silicon Terrestrial PV Modules
IEC 61215 / IS14286
Thin Film Terrestrial PV Modules
IEC 61646
Concentrator PV Modules & Assemblies
IEC 62108
1.2
In addition, the modules must conform to IEC 61730 Part 1- requirements
for construction & Part 2 - requirements for testing, for safety qualification.
1.3
PV modules to be used in a highly corrosive atmosphere (coastal areas,
etc.) must qualify Salt Mist Corrosion Testing as per IEC 61701.
BALANCE OF SYSTEM (BoS) ITEMS/ COMPONENTS:
2.1
The BoS items / components of the SPV power plants/ systems deployed under
the Mission must conform to the latest edition of IEC/ equivalent BIS Standards as
specified below**:
BoS item/component
Applicable IEC/equivalent BIS Standard
Standard Description
Standard Number
Power
Conditioners/ Efficiency
Measurements IEC 61683
Inverters*
Environmental Testing
IEC
60068
2
(6,21,27,30,75,78)
Charge
controller/ Design Qualification Environmental IEC 62093
MPPT units*
Testing
IEC
60068
2
(6,21,27,30,75,78)
Storage Batteries
General Requirements & Methods IEC 61427
of Test Tubular Lead Acid
IS 1651/IS 133369
Cables
General Test and Measuring IEC 60189
Methods PVC insulated cables for IS 694/ IS 1554
working Voltages up to and IS/IEC 69947
including 1100 V-Do-, UV resistant
for outdoor installation
*Must additionally conform to the relevant national/international Electrical Safety Standards.
17
No.5/23/2009-P&C
BoS item/ component
Dated 16.06.2010
Applicable IEC/equivalent BIS Standard
Standard Description
Standard Number
Switches/
Circuit General
Requirements
Breakers/Connectors
Connectors- safety
Junction
General Requirements
Boxes/Enclosures
SPV System Design
IS/IEC 60947 part I,II,III
EN 50521
IP 65 (for outdoor)/IP 21
(for indoor)
IEC 62208
System IEC 62124
PV Stand-alone
design verification
Installation Practices
Electrical
installation
of IEC 60364-7-712
buildings Requirements for
SPV power supply systems
** Also refer Addendum No. 32/49/2010-11-PVSE dated 19.08.2010 appearing at
the end of this document.
3.
AUTHORIZED TESTING LABORATORIES/ CENTERS
3.1
The PV modules must be tested and approved by one of the IEC authorized test
centers. Test certificates can be from any of the NABL/ BIS Accredited Testing /
Calibration Laboratories. Qualification test certificate as per IEC standard, issued by
the Solar Energy Centre for small capacity modules upto 37Wp capacity will also be
valid.
3.2
Test certificates for the BoS items/ components can be from any of the NABL/
BIS Accredited Testing-Calibration Laboratories/ MNRE approved test centers. The list
of MNRE approved test centers will be reviewed and updated from time to time.
4.
WARRANTY
4.1
The
mechanical
structures,
electrical
works
including
power
conditioners/inverters/charge controllers/ maximum power point tracker units/
distribution boards/digital meters/ switchgear/ storage batteries, etc. and overall
workmanship of the SPV power plants/ systems must be warranted against any
manufacturing/ design/ installation defects for a minimum period of 5 years.
4.2
PV modules used in solar power plants/ systems must be warranted for their
output peak watt capacity, which should not be less than 90% at the end of 10 years
and 80% at the end of 25 years.
5.
IDENTIFICATION AND TRACEABILITY
5.1
Each PV module used in any solar power project must use a RF identification tag
(RFID), which must contain the following information. The RFID can be inside or outside
18
the module laminate, but must be able to withstand harsh environmental conditions.
No.5/23/2009-P&C
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
(ix)
(x)
Dated 16.06.2010
Name of the manufacturer of PV Module
Name of the Manufacturer of Solar cells
Month and year of the manufacture (separately for solar cells and module)
Country of origin (separately for solar cells and module)
I-V curve for the module
Peak Wattage, Im, Vm and FF for the module
Unique Serial No and Model No of the module
Date and year of obtaining IEC PV module qualification certificate
Name of the test lab issuing IEC certificate
Other relevant information on traceability of solar cells and module as per
ISO 9000 series.
19
No.5/23/2009-P&C
Dated 16.06.2010
ANNEXURE-4
PRESENTLY AVAILABLE NATIONAL STANDARDS/ MNRE SPECIFICATIONS ON
SOLAR THERMAL COMPONENTS/ SYSTEMS
A)
Indian Standards
National Standards are brought out by Bureau of Indian Standards. The details of these
Standards which contain minimum performance requirements along with test methods
are as follows:
1.
Solar Flat Plate Collectors
a)
b)
c)
d)
IS 12933 (Part 1):2003,
Requirements.
IS 12933 (Part 2):2003,
Components.
IS 12933 (Part 3):2003,
Measuring instruments.
IS 12933 (Part 5):2003,
Test methods.
Solar flat plate collector -Specification, Part 1Solar flat plate collector -Specification, Part 2 Solar flat plate collector -Specification, Part 3 Solar flat plate collector -Specification, Part 5 -
These Standards does not apply to concentrating & unglazed collectors and built-instorage water heating systems.
2.
Box-Type Solar Cookers
a)
b)
c)
B)
IS 13429 (Part 1):2000, Solar cooker-Box type - Specification, Part 1 Requirements.
IS 13429 (Part 2):2000, Solar cooker- Box type - Specification, Part 2 Components.
IS 13429 (Part 3):2000, Solar cooker- Box type - Specification, Part 3 Test methods.
MNRE Specifications
(Available on MNRE website www.mnre.gov.in)
1.
2.
Test Procedure for solar dish cookers
Test procedure for Thermo-siphon-type domestic solar Hot Water
Systems
20
No.5/23/2009-P&C
C)
Dated 16.06.2010
Testing Laboratories/ Centers
1
In order to make available quality product in the market, the Ministry works with
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and Quality Council of India. Presently, Indian
Standards are available for solar flat plate collectors and box-type solar cookers and
BIS implements a testing and certification programme which forms the basis of
certification of these products by BIS.
2.
For domestic size solar water heating systems based on thermo-siphon mode of
operation, the Ministry has supported development of a test protocol with certain
minimum performance requirements. For solar dish cookers, the Ministry has defined
minimum specifications and has brought out a test procedure. In addition, the Ministry
empanels manufacturers of solar water heating systems based on evacuated tube
collectors.
3.
There is a network of test centres in the country which is recognized by BIS for
carrying out certification testing as per Indian Standards. The details of these test
Centres are available are MNRE website and is updated from time to time.
4
The solar thermal devices/ systems must be tested at one of these test centres.
21
Slightly modified on 24.08.2012
Minimum Technical Requirements laid down by MNRE for ensuring quality
aspects of Solar Water Heating Systems being installed in Field
The FPC based systems will be from BIS approved manufacturers and ETC/ Heat pipe based
systems from MNRE approved manufacturers/suppliers. The Systems will have the following
minimum requirements for installation under subsidy/ soft loan scheme of MNRE:
General Requirements
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
vi)
vii)
viii)
ix)
x)
System installed in high windy area will be well grouted/ clamped with collectors
installed in a way that it is able to sustain the highest wind pressure of that area.
All the collectors will be south facing inclined at suitable angle to give best
performance in winter
There will not be any shadow falling on the collectors from nearby structures or of
other collectors in front or back row
Hot water pipe lines of any kind in colder regions will be fully insulated from the
point of drawl of water from tank to delivery points. In other regions also care will
be taken to avoid heat losses from pipelines.
System will be installed nearest to the point of hot water usage to avoid longer
pipeline & higher heat losses.
Where water quality is bad either FPC based systems with Heat Exchanger or ETC
based systems will be installed.
The workmanship & aesthetics of the system will be good and it should be visible
to anybody
Air vent pipe, make up water and cold water tanks will be installed as required for
smooth functioning of the system
There won’t be any leakage observed in the system from tanks/ collectors/
pipelines
No electric back up will be provided in hot water storage tank at places where
electric geysers are already installed. At places where electric geysers are not
installed, electric back up could be provided in upper portion of storage tank, if
necessry. Other option is to have an instant/ small geyzer in bathroom with outlet
of solar hot water storage tank connected to its inlet and thermostat set at say 40
C. This will help consuming less amount of electricity during non-sunny days.
Technical Requirements
Flat Plate Collectors
: ISI mark (2 sq. m. absorber area for 100 liter tank capacity system
in colder region and 125 liter for other regions)
Evacuated Tube Collectors/ Heat pipes
Type of tubes
3 layer solar selective (Inner layer of copper coating should be
visible). Detailed specifications of tubes will be as per the
guidelines laid down by MNRE for empanelment of manufacturers
of ETC based systems & made available at MNRE website
No. of tubes/ Absorber Area
1.50 sq. m. of absorber area for 100 liter tank capacity system.
Absorber area will be calculated as follows:
Area in Sq. Meter = 3.14 X No. of tubes X Radius in Meter X
Length in Meter.
Accordingly, 14 tubes of Dia : 47 mm & length : 1500 mm and 10
tubes of Dia 58 mm & length : 1800 mm will be required for each
100 lpd system. For higher capacity systems, the no. of tubes
calculated as per above could be slightly less. However, the
minimum absorber area will not be less than that given in MNRE
Cicuklar No. 22/5/2009-10/ ST dated 02-03-2010.
Procurement
: From reputed supplier (Details of supplier to be provided)
Storage Tanks, Piping, Support structure etc ( To be all indigenous & not imported)
Inner tank material
: SS 304 or 316 grade min/ MS or any other material with anticorrosive
coating for hard water with chlorine contents.
Inner tank thickness
: For SS minimum thickness will be 0.5 mm when using argon arc
or metal inert gas for welding & 0.8 mm when using other type of
welding. For MS it will be 1.5 mm. No leakage under any kind of
negative or positive pressure of water will be ensured.
Inner tank welding
: TIG / Seam/ pressurized weld (Open arc weld not permitted )
Storage tank capacity
: Not less than system capacity. In case of ETC based system,
volume of tubes & manifold not to be included in tank capacity.
Thermal insulation of
storage tanks
: Minimum 50 mm thick CFC free PUF having density of 28-32
kg/ cu.m for domestic systems and 100mm thick Rockwool of 48 kg
per cu. m for other systems. For colder regions, it will be 1 ½ times
atleast. In case of higher desity insulations, the thickness may
reduce proportionately.
Thermal insulation of
hot water pipes
: Minimum 50 mm thick rockwool or 25 mm thick PUF on GI pipes.
For colder regions, it will be 1 ½ times atleast. In case of composite
pipes, it will depend on region to region. For higher density
insulations, the thickness may reduce proportionately.
Outer cladding & Frames
: Al/ FRP or GI powder coated. MS may also be used with special
anti-corrosive protective coatings. Thickness of sheets will be strong
enough to avoid any deformation of the cladding.
Valves, cold water tank,
: Of ISI mark or standard make
vent pipe, heat exchanger,
make up tank & instruments
Support structure for
: Of non corrosive material or have corrosion resistant protective
Collectors, pipng, tanks etc
coating. They will be strong enough to sustain their pressure
during the lifetime of system.
An undertaking will be given by the manufacturer/supplier confirming to above requirements
while submitting proposals to MNRE/SNAs or claiming subsidy. The manufacturer will also provide
the detailed specifications of each and every part of his system to the beneficiary alongwith O&M
Manual. In case any manufacturer/supplier is found not sticking to above requirements, his name will
be removed from MNRE list. These requirement will also be put on MNRE website for the knowledge
of beneficiaries and other stakeholders. Salient features of the system will also be highlighted on a
plate fixed on front surface of the tank alongwith name of manufacturer/ dealer & his contact No.
_____________________________________________________________________________
Note: Beneficiaries of systems may contact MNRE at following address if manufacturers/
dealers are not sticking to above requirements.
Government of India
Ministry of New & Renewable Energy
B-14, CGO Complex, Lodi Road, New Delhi-110003
Website: www.mnre.gov.in
Selection of suitable Solar Water Heating Systems
1. Flat plate collector (FPC) based systems are of metallic type and have longer life
as compared to Evacuated tube collector (ETC) based system as ETCs are made of
glass which are of fragile in nature.
2. ETC based systems are 10 to 20% cheaper than FPC based system. They perform
better in colder regions and avoid freezing problem during sub-zero temperature.
FPC based systems also perform good with anti-freeze solution at sub zero
temperature but their cost increases.
3. At places where water is hard and have larger chlorine content, FPC based
system with heat exchanger must be installed as it will avoid scale deposition in
copper tubes of solar collectors which can block the flow of water as well reduce
its thermal performance. ETC based systems do not face such problem.
4. For a house with one bathroom and 3 to 4 members, 100 liter per day capacity
system should be sufficient. For more numbers of bathrooms, the capacity will
increase accordingly due to pipe losses & more number of family members.
Generally the capacity is decided based on hot water required in mornings for
bathing. If the usage is in evening & at other times also, the capacity is decided
accordingly.
5. A 100 lpd capacity may cost Rs. 16,000 to Rs.22,000 depending on type &
location. In hilly & N-E region the cost may be 15 to 20% more. The cost,
however, does not increase linearly with increase in capacity, rather it comes
down proportionately as we go for higher capacity system. The system cost does
not include the cost of cold water tank, & its stand which is required if overhead
tank is not installed in a house/ building. Cost of hot water insulated pipe line
also, may be extra if number of bathrooms are more than one. Additional cost
towards all these components may increase by 5 to 10%.
6. Avoid putting of electricity back up in storage tank of solar system. If you have
electric geyser of say less then 10 lpd capacity or an instant geyser it would be
better if you connect the outlet line of solar system with inlet of geyser & set
thermostat at 40O. Your geyser will start only when you get water below 40O.
from solar system and will switch off when temperature goes above say 42 or so.
This will save lot of electricity & heat water according to your requirement.
However, if you have storage geyser of high capacity, better to have a separate tap
for solar system and use your electric geyser when you don’t get hot water for
solar.
MINIMUM TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF DISH SOLAR COOKERS
Reflecting Bowl
Parabolic dish made of single/ multiple reflectors fixed firmly to a rigid frame. The size and
shape of the reflectors is such when joined/fixed they automatically form a parabolic dish
Dish area
1 sq. m minimum
Reflecting mirrors
i) Material
ii) Reflectivity
iii) Mirror fixing
i)
Bright anodized aluminum sheets/ glass mirrors/ polymer film/
any other better and durable material with protective layers of
coating on back surface and sides to protect from exterior
weathering effect. For coastal and colder regions, special
protections to be made.
ii) 80% minimum with a maximum degradation of 10% over its life
span. Warranty/ guaranty to be provided for a period of five years.
To be replaced immediately if found deteriorating during this
period.
iii) With positive locking or sticking by good quality adhesives. Due
protection of mirror coatings to be taken while fixing the mirrors.
Tying of mirrors with wires not acceptable. For high wind areas
special protection to be made.
Concentration ratio Over 80
Bowl supporting frame
The supporting frame for the reflecting bowl will be made of MS rings supported by MS
strips or FRP material/ thick MS wire-mesh structure. It will be rigid enough to avoid any
deformation of the bowl shape during manual/ handling or under wind pressure. The MS
structure will have epoxy/ ant-rust coating.
Bowl stand
Of mild steel epoxy/ powder coated.
With arrangement to hold cooking vessels of different sizes.
With suitable provision for securing the cooker to the ground.
Tracking mechanism




Manual or automatic
Designed to enable unrestricted 360o rotation to parabolic dish around its horizontal
axis passing through its focal point and center of gravity and also around its vertical
axis, for adjustment of the cooker in the direction of the sun.
With simple locking arrangement to hold/ fix the bowl at a particular position
With pointer/ other arrangement to facilitate users positioning of the bowl exactly in
the direction of the sun.
Cooking vessel
ISI mark pressure cooker of suitable capacity. Resistant black powder coated bottom. In
case, no vessel is supplied, the user needs to be told to paint the bottom of his vessel black.
Other requirements


The entire structure will be strong enough to withstand wind of 150 km per hour
without any damage
All parts/components will be of weather resistant design/specifications to withstand
natural weathering outdoors under local climatic conditions, for a minimum period of
15 years. Warranty for a minimum period of 5 years will be provided by the supplier.
Necessary spares will also be provided so that the user do not face any problem
atleast during the warranty period.
Note:
Any improvements in the above specifications of all types of concentrating solar
cookers, leading to cost reduction and/ or and higher efficiency will be acceptable.
Manufacturers /suppliers will, however, provide necessary mechanism for checking the
performance & technical specifications of their cookers alongwith a test report from one of the
Test Centers of MNRE and prove to the inspection committee that the cookers provided by
them are as per above specifications based on which CFA from MNRE will be released.
*****
Technical specifications of solar direct cooking system
using Scheffler dish of 16 sq. m. aperture area
Concentrators
Reflecting mirrors
i) Material
ii) Reflectivity
iii) Mirror fixing
i)
Solar grade glass mirrors with protective layers
of coating on back surface and sides to protect
from exterior weathering effect. Special
protections to be made keeping in view the
climatic conditions of Leh .
ii) 90% minimum with life of 15 to 20 years.
Warranty/ guaranty to be provided for a period
of five years. To be replaced immediately if
found deteriorating during this period.
iii) With positive locking or sticking by good quality
adhesives. Due protection of mirror coatings to
be taken while fixing the mirrors. Tying of
mirrors with wires not acceptable. Special
protections to be made keeping in view the high
winds of region..
Concentration ratio
(Aperture/ Utensil
bottom area)
Over 60
Frame & supporting
structure
Rigid enough to resist any deformation of the dish
shape due to wind pressure or manual handling.
Made up of aluminum/ mild steel with epoxy/
powder coating.
Secondary Reflector & Cooking place



Secondary reflector will use bright anodized aluminum sheets of
minimum 0.4 mm thickness. Its base and cooking place stand will be
fabricated using steel bars & angle irons sheets respectively with proper
thickness.
Cooking place will have adjustable shutters which can be operated from
inside the kitchen.
The unit will withstand temperature of 400 C and wind pressure up to a
speed of 150 km per hour.
Tracking Arrangement



Any reliable Timer or PLC based automatic tracking mechanism with
motorized reverse in evening & park at morning position. Clock
mechanism is not accepted.
Made of standard components; to be protected from rain, dust & outside
environment
Tracking accuracy : +/- 0.5 degree (to be ensured using inclinometer)
Civil work & cooking pots


All required civil work will be made to have the cooking done with
Scheffler dishes. Each dish should be able to cook one dish for 100
people at a time within one hour under clear sun.
Each Scheffler dish will be provided with a suitable vessel to cook food
for 100 people at a time with bottom painted as selective black .
Other requirements





All exposed M.S. parts/components should have three coats of epoxy paint and will be
of weather resistant design/specifications to withstand natural
weathering outdoors under local climatic conditions, for a minimum
period of 15 years.
Warranty for a minimum period of 5 years will be provided by the
supplier. Necessary spares will also be provided so that the user do not
face any problem atleast during the warranty period.
The steel structures provided to support various components of the
system will be fabricated in such a way that they are able to take load
(both wind load and static dead load) of the whole system.
The personnel of the buyer/user institution will be trained by the
supplier in the operation and maintenance of the system and its backup system. Proper manuals will be prepared and provided to the user.
Log book will also be supplied to the and user so that proper
documentation is maintained.
The other important features of system will be i) it will have easy access
to the user and proper walkway and platforms will be supplied for easy
operation and maintenance of the system wherever necessary ii) safety
features will be incorporated in the system and iii) proper
instrumentation will be provided so that user could see the status of
system and take precautions /corrective steps if the system does not
behave as expected.
MINIMUM TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS
OF SOLAR STEAM/ PRESSURIZED HOT WATER/OIL GENERATING SYSTEMS
(Revised based on inputs received from some experts/manufacturers)
The solar steam/pressurized hot water/oil generating system will comprise of
automatically tracked parabolic concentrators and balance of system (BOS) for
conditioning and utilizing thermal energy in working fluid. The working fluid can be in the
form of water, steam and organic or inorganic fluid. BOS may consist of solar thermal
receivers, steam/ hot water/oil pipelines, feed water/oil pumps, tank assemblies, steel
structures and civil works, instrumentation like pressure gauges and temperature
indicators etc. It will be hooked up with conventional system already in use for specific
applications. In case of new systems, fossil fuel based boiler, vessels for cooking/ vapour
absorption machine for cooling etc may be provided as the case may be. Minimum
technical specifications of various components of the system will be as per below:
Concentrators
Shape & make of each Of any shape made of reflecting mirror(s) fixed to a
concentrator
supporting frame / structure
Aperture area
10 sq. m minimum (for Scheffler dishes, it will be / 4 x
lengths of major & minor axis of the ellipse)
Reflecting mirrors
i) Material*
i)
High quality glass mirrors for outdoor use with
protective layers of coating on back surface and sides
to protect from exterior weathering effect or any other
reflecting material of similar reflectivity and durability.
For coastal and colder regions, special protections to
be made.
ii) Reflectivity
ii) 90% minimum with a maximum degradation of 10%
over its life span. Warranty/ guaranty to be provided
for a period of five years. To be replaced immediately
by the supplier if found deteriorating during this period.
iii) Mirror fixing
iii) With positive locking or sticking by industry proven
outdoor-rated adhesives. Due protection of mirror
coatings be taken while fixing the mirrors. Tying of
mirrors with wires not acceptable. For high wind areas
special protection to be made.
* For newer upcoming technologies, reflectors other than
glass mirrors will also be acceptable subject to fulfillment
of all the above requirements
Concentration ratio
(Aperture/ Receiver areas)
Over 80 for single axis and 120 for double axis tracking
concentrators
Tracking Arrangement



Any reliable automatic tracking mechanism with motorized reverse in evening &
park at morning position including safe position in case of abnormal operating
conditions.
Made of standard components; to be protected from rain, dust & outside
environment
Tracking accuracy : +/- 0.5 degree (to be ensured using field-calibrated
inclinometer)
Heat receivers, Headers and piping


Tested working fluid pressure: 1.5 times of designed pressure
Receivers : Of boiler/standard industry quality to sustain required temperature
and pressure
 Header material and piping : Designed & manufactured as per IBR/ standard
industry quality
Insulation

All working fluid piping to be insulated with minimum thickness of 50 mm of PUF
or rock wool. Headers or water-steam tank, insulated sides of receiver etc. to
have minimum insulation of 75 mm. For colder regions facing sub zero
temperatures, minimum thickness will be 100 mm and 150 mm respectively. In
such regions cold water pipe lines including valves etc. will also be insulated.
Insulation on receivers should withstand a minimum temperature of 600c.
 All insulated components to have Al sheet or powder coated steel sheet cladding
as per industrial practices so as not to allow rain water to sip in the insulation.
Frames & supporting structure

Strong enough to avoid any deformation of the reflector dish during
manhandling/ tracking/under wind pressure of 200 km per hour
 Of mild steel/ any other strong material with epoxy/anti-rust coating
Instrumentation & Controls

Complete with all instrumentation such as pressure gauge, temperature
indicator, fluid level indicators, safety valves, fluid meter etc. Data acquisition
and control system with online monitoring to be installed for automatic
monitoring, control and record of all important process parameters in installations
above 500 sq. m. of dish area.
Other requirements





Systems with Scheffler dishes having single axis automatic tracking arrangement
will not be installed with more than 30 dishes at a place. For bigger systems, the
dishes have to be of two axis automatic tracking mechanism.
All parts/components will be of weather resistant design/specifications to
withstand natural weathering outdoors under local climatic conditions, for a
minimum period of 15 years. Warranty for a minimum period of 5 years will be
provided by the supplier. Necessary spares will also be provided so that the user
do not face any problem atleast during the warranty period.
The steel structures provided to support various components of the system will
be fabricated in such a way that they are able to take load (both wind load and
static dead load) of the whole system. In case the terrace where the system is to
be installed is not strong enough to bear the loads, these should be transferred
into columns and beams and the proposed load arrangement must be discussed
with the concerned civil engineering department and their approval obtained.
The personnel of the buyer/user institution will be trained by the supplier in the
operation and maintenance of the system and its back-up system. Proper
manuals will be prepared and provided to the user. Log book will also be
supplied to the and user so that proper documentation is maintained.
The other important features of system will be i) it will have easy access to the
user and proper walkway and platforms will be supplied for easy operation and
maintenance of the system wherever necessary ii) safety features such as safety
valves etc will be incorporated in the system so that system does not explode
under pressure and iii) proper instrumentation as mentioned above will be
provided so that user could see the status of system and take precautions
/corrective steps if the system does not behave as expected.
Note:
General
i)
Any improvements in the above specifications of all types of solar concentrating
systems, leading to cost reduction and/ or and higher efficiency of the system will
be acceptable.
ii) The manufacturer/ supplier will provide the details of his system in the proposal
with schematic diagram showing each and every component, its working
procedure, tracking arrangement, technical specifications with quantum and size of
various components and other highlights, if any alongwith a test report of his dish
from one of the Test Centers of MNRE.
Cost & size of system
i)
Approximate cost of installed systems with above specifications should not be
more than Rs. 12,000 to 14,000 per sq. m. of dish area for single axis tracked
systems and Rs. 14,000 to 16,000 for two axis tracked systems depending on site
and data acquisition & control system installed with cost decreasing for increased
size of systems. This cost is for retrofitted systems and excludes cost towards
boiler, utensils for cooking/VAM & its accessories for cooling as applicable, civil
works, AMC etc. For newer systems, the cost towards boiler, utensils for cooking
and VAM and its accessories for air-conditioning etc may be extra by 20 to 30%
respectively. In high altitude areas and difficult terrain, the cost may further
increase by 20 to 25%. Another 3 to 5% could be towards operation, maintenance
& AMC for 5 years.
ii) Scheffler dishes are now being manufactured with 16sq. m. of aperture area. A
solar steam generating system using these dishes may not be suitable for cooking
food for less than 250 people. As a thumb rule 3 to 4 dishes of 16 sq. m. each
should be sufficient for cooking food for around 250-300 people depending on site.
For bigger system, dishes will be added accordingly but will reduce proportionately
due to lower heat losses. For example, a 10 dishes system (160 sq. m.) may be
sufficient to cook food for around 1000 people.
*****
MNRE STD 01:2013
MNRE Standard
ALL GLASS (GLASS IN GLASS) EVACUATED SOLAR COLLECTOR TUBES
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
Block-14, CGO Complex,
Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003,
May 2013
1
MNRE STD 01:2013
MNRE Standard
All Glass (Glass in Glass) Evacuated Solar Collector Tubes
1.0 SCOPE
This standard specifies requirements of all glass evacuated solar collector tubes intended for
non concentrating type solar collector.
2.0 REFERENCES
IS/ISO 9488:1999 Solar Energy - Vocabulary
ISO 3585:1998 Borosilicate glass 3.3
3.0 DEFINITIONS
In addition to the terms and definitions given in ISO 9488, the following shall apply for this
standard:
3.1 Absorber - Inner glass tube with solar selective absorbing coating on its outer surface that
absorbs solar radiation and converts it into thermal energy.
3.2 Angle of incidence - The angle between the direct solar irradiation and the normal to the
aperture plane.
3.3 Average heat loss coefficient - Average heat loss through the absorber unit surface area
under the condition of no solar irradiance for every 1C difference between the average
temperature of the hot water filling up the all-glass evacuated solar collector tube and the
average ambient temperature.
3.4 Bubble (stone) - Solid impurity contained in the glass body.
3.5 Diffuse flat plate reflector- Flat plate mainly with diffuse reflection, which is installed below
at a certain distance from the all glass evacuated solar collector tube and used for increasing
the solar radiation collected by the all-glass evacuated solar collector tube.
3.6 Knot - Vitreous body in glass that varies from the main component of glass.
3.7 Pyranometer - A radiometer used to measure the total solar radiation (direct, diffuse, and
reflected) incident on a surface per unit time per unit area.
3.8 Reflector or Reflective Surface - A surface intended for the primary function of reflecting
radiant energy.
3.9 Solar Irradiance - Irradiance is the rate of solar radiation received by a unit surface area in
unit time in W/m2.
2
3.10 Solar selective absorbing coating (surface) - Coating with high solar absorbing ratio and
low emitting ratio.
3.11 Stagnation temperature - Maximum temperature of air within the all-glass evacuated
solar collector tube under quasi-steady-state at specified solar irradiance when there is only air
inside the all-glass evacuated solar collector tube
3.12 Stagnation parameter of an all glass evacuated solar collector tube - Ratio of the
difference between stagnation temperature and ambient temperature and the solar irradiance.
3.13 Tube length – The length of the all glass evacuated solar collector tube is the distance
from the open end to the point at which the diameter of the outer glass cover measured 15mm.
3.14 Vacuum jacket in all glass evacuated solar collector tube - Jacket between the cover
glass tube and inner glass tube of the all-glass evacuated solar collector tube, where air
pressure is sufficiently low, thermal conduction and convection of air can be ignored.
3.15 Vacuum quality – Vacuum performance in the evacuated tube which is expressed by
disappearance ratio in axial length of the getter mirror after interior of an evacuated tube is
heated.
4.0 PRODUCT CATEGORIZATION
4.1 STRUCTURE OF ALL GLASS EVACUATED SOLAR COLLECTOR TUBE
The all glass evacuated solar collector tube shall comprise of the inner glass tube with solar
selective absorbing coating on its outer surface and coaxial cover glass tube. The one end of
the inner glass tube shall be closed at base and seated in a steel strut. The other end of the
inner glass tube shall be thermally sealed with the other end of the cover glass tube. The space
between the inner tube and outer cover tube shall be vacuumised ( vacuum < 5x10 -3 Pa) before
thermal sealing of the other end of cover tube.
3
Fig. 1 Structure of all-glass evacuated solar collector tube
1— Inner glass tube;
2— Solar selective absorbing coating;
3— Vacuum jacket;
4— Cover glass tube;
5— Strut member;
6— Getter;
7— Getter mirror surface.
D –– Outer Diameter of cover glass tube
d –– Outer Diameter of inner glass tube
L –– Length of tube
S –– Length of sealing section
4.2 Dimensions of All Glass Evacuated Solar Collector Tubes
4.2.1The dimensions of all glass evacuated solar collector tubes shall be as shown in Table-1.
TABLE 1
Outer Dia of
Outer Dia of
Thickness of
Thickness of
cover glass tube inner glass tube cover glass tube inner glass tube
D
d
Tolerance + 0.1 Tolerance + 0.1
Tolerance + 1
Tolerance + 1
1.6
47
37
1.6
58
47
70
58
1.6
1.6
2.0
1.6
All dimensions in mm
Tube Length Length of
L
sealing
Tolerance +
section
0.5%
S
1500,1800,2000,
2100
≤ 15
4.2.2 Bending of the all glass evacuated solar collector tube shall not be more than 0.2 %
4.2.3 The cross section of the open end of the all glass evacuated solar collector tube at a
distance of 20mm mm) from open end shall be of round shape and the ratio of the maximum
outside diameter to the minimum outside diameter shall be not more than 1.02.
4.2.4 All glass evacuated solar collector tubes of other sizes may be supplied with the approval
of MNRE provided they meet all other requirements of this standard.
4.3 Solar Selective Absorbing Coating
The Solar selective absorbing coating shall be three target coating having three layer absorption layer ( Aluminium nitride), bonding agent cum absorption layer (Aluminium nitride –
stainless steel) and anti reflection layer (copper).
4
4.4 Designation
Designation of all glass evacuated solar collector tube shall comprise of following 5 parts:
Part-1 All glass evacuated solar collector tube
Part -2 Chemical symbol of selective coating
Part -3 Outer diameter of cover glass and inner glass tube
Part -4 Length of tube
Part -5 Type of coating (Three target)
Example: All glass evacuated solar collector tube having AlN/AlN-SS/Cu multilayer selective
coating with 58 mm outer diameter of cover glass tube and 47 mm outer diameter of inner glass
tube, 1800 mm length and three target coating shall be designated as:
ET - AlN/AlN-SS/Cu - 58/47 - 1800 - 3T
5.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
5.1 MATERIAL
5.1.1 The material of glass tube shall be of Borosilicate glass 3.3 conforming to ISO 3585. The
solar transmittance ratio of outer glass tube shall be   0.89 ( at air mass 1.5 i.e. AM 1.5).
5.1.2 The absorptivity of solar selective coating shall be minimum 0.92 at AM 1.5.
5.2 VISUAL APPEARANCE
5.2.1 On viewing internal surface of inner tube of all glass evacuated solar collector tube colour
of coating shall appear orange or copper like in case of three target copper coated tubes.
5.2.2 The close end of all glass evacuated solar collector tube shall appear silver/mercury
colour to indicate desired vacuum in the tube.
5.2.3 There shall not be any bubble (stone) bigger than 1mm on the glass tube and there shall
not be more than 1 bubble (stone) within a area of 10mm x 10mm and not more than 5 bubbles
(stones) on the whole of the tube. There shall be no crack around the bubble.
5.2.4 There shall be no dense knots bigger than 1.5mm on glass tube. There shall not be more
than 5 knots on the whole tube.
5.2.5 The accumulative length of minor scratches shall not be more than 1/3 tube length and the
scratches shall not be visible from a distance of minimum 1200mm.
5.2.6 The selective coating of the all glass evacuated solar collector tube shall have no smear,
peel off and fade off.
5.2.7 Distance from the obvious colour fading area of the selective absorber coating at the open
end of the all glass evacuated solar collector tube shall be no more than 50mm.
5.2.8 The strut member supporting the free end of the inner glass tube shall be properly placed
and shall not be loose.
5
5.2.9 The inner and cover tube at the open end of the all glass evacuated solar collector tube
shall have smooth ends without any glass peel off and shall not have any deformation.
5.2.10 The sealed end of the tube shall not have any sharp end and shall be smooth.
6.0 TESTING
6.1 TEST REQUIREMENTS
The following tests shall be performed on sample of all glass evacuated solar collector tube:
i) Dimensions - Shall conform to the requirements given in clause 4.2.
ii) Visual Appearance– Shall conform to the requirements given in clause 5.2.These are visual
requirements.
iii) Stagnation performance parameter test - The stagnation performance (Y) shall not be
less than190 m2.oC/kW, when tested as per Appendix A.
iv) Stagnation solar irradiance test - The stagnation solar irradiance when tested as per
Appendix B shall be as under:
a) Not more than 3.7 MJ/m2 for 47 mm outside diameter cover glass tube,
b) Not more than 4.7 MJ/m2 for 58 mm outside diameter cover glass tube and
c) Not more than 5.7 MJ/m2 for 70 mm outside diameter cover glass tube
v) Average thermal loss coefficient test – Average thermal loss coefficient (ULT) shall be less
than 0.85 W/m2oC when tested as per Appendix C.
vi) Vacuum performance test – The all glass evacuated solar collector tube shall meet the
following requirements when tested as per Appendix D :
a) If glass surface showing weak fluorescence, tube meets the requirements. If sparks
penetrate the glass surface or sparks are divergent and there is no fluorescence on
glass surface, tube does not meet the requirement.
b) The disappearance ratio in getter mirror axial length shall be not more than 50%.
vii) Resistance to thermal shock test - There shall be no damage when tested as per
Appendix E.
viii) Resistance to impact test - There shall be no damage when tested as per Appendix F.
ix) Resistance to internal pressure test - There shall be no damage when tested as per
Appendix G.
x) Absorptivity and emissivity test of the selective coating - Selective coating of the tube
shall have absorptivity Min 0.92 and emissivity less than 7% when tested as per Appendix H.
6
7.0 TEST REPORT
A test report shall be generated in the format given at Appendix J.
8.0 MARKING
The following markings shall be marked on all glass evacuated solar collector tubes:
a) Manufacturer's trade mark or logo and
b) Batch no. or date of manufacture.
9.0 PACKING
The all glass evacuated solar collector tubes shall be suitably packed in boxes to avoid any
damage during handling, storage and transportation.
7
APPENDIX A
STAGNATION PERFORMANCE PARAMETER TEST
{ Clause 6.1 iii)}
A-1 Test conditions
A-1.1This test shall be conducted outdoor.
A-1.2 Pyranometer shall be placed on a mounting stand (Ref Fig 2). The plane on which the
Pyranometer is placed shall be parallel with the plane of collector.
A-1.3 Solar irradiance G≥800W/m2,
A-1.4 The ambient temperature during testing shall be 20ºC ≤ta≤30ºC. The thermometer shall
be located shaded by a Stevenson screen in the vicinity of the test set-up (not more than 10 m
from it). The bottom of screen shall be kept atleast 1m above the ground level.
A-1.5 Wind velocity during testing shall be ≤4 m/s. The anemometer shall be kept near to test
bench to measure air speed.
A-2 Test instruments: Pyranometer；Platinum Resistance
Thermometer with Stevenson screen, Anemometer, Data Logger.
Thermometer,
Mercury
A-3 Test bench set up - Place 3 all-glass evacuated solar collector tubes in parallel in southnorth direction. The all glass evacuated solar collector tube to be tested shall be in the middle
and the other two tubes are accompanying test tubes. The center to center spacing is twice the
inner tube diameter. The center to the flat plate reflector spacing is 70 mm. The flat plate
reflector has a diffuse reflectance no less than 0.60. Air is used as the thermal conducting
medium inside the all glass evacuated solar collector tube, the temperature shall be measured
at the center of the tube and the sensor shall not contact the wall of the glass tube. A 50mm
thick rigid polyurethane foam is used as thermal insulation cap at the open end of the all glass
evacuated solar collector tube. The cap shall not cover the selective surface. The angle of
inclination between the horizontal plane and the all glass evacuated solar collector tube is 士5
of latitude of the location but not less than 300. The measuring device is to be set up as shown
in the Fig 2.
A-4 Test Procedure: When the solar irradiance is G≥800W/m2 士 30W/m2 record the solar
irradiance, temperature inside the collector tube and ambient temperature every 5 minutes.
Take 4 set of readings. Take the average value of the 4 readings of solar irradiance as solar
irradiance G. Similarly, take the average value of 4 readings of temperature inside the collector
tube and ambient temperature as temperatures ts and ta respectively. Air speed shall be
measured at the start of the test and end of the test & recorded in the test report.
8
Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of thermal performance testing device of all glass evacuated solar
collector tube
1 - All glass evacuated tube collector
2 - Diffuse flat plate reflector
3 - Platinum resistance thermometer
4 - Thermal insulation cap
5 - Pyranometer
6 - Radiation recording device
7 - Temperature recording device
8 - Data Logger
9- Mounting frame
10 - Mercury thermometer
11 - Stevenson screen for thermometer
12 - Anemometer
A-5 Calculate the stagnation performance parameter Y of all-glass evacuated solar collector
tube according to formula (1)
ts - ta
Y = ––––––––––
G
------------ (1)
Where as
Y— stagnation performance parameter, m2·C/kW
ts— stagnation temperature, oC
ta— average ambient temperature, oC
G— solar irradiance, kW/m2
A-6 Result – Report the calculated stagnation performance parameter.
9
APPENDIX B
STAGNATION SOLAR IRRADIANCE TEST
{ Clause 6.1 iv)}
B-1 Test conditions - Same as in A-1.
B-2 Test instruments - Same as in A-2
B.-3 Test Bench - Same as in A-3. Water is used as the thermal conducting medium in
all glass evacuated solar collector tube.
B-4 Test Procedure – Cover the all glass evacuated solar collector tube with opaque cover. Fill
the water. Initially the water temperature should be lower than ambient. As soon as the water
temperature is equal to ambient temperature, record the initial solar irradiance. Expose the all
glass evacuated solar collector tube to the sun by removing the opaque cover. When water
temperature inside the tube rises by 35oC record the final solar irradiance.
B-5 The difference between final solar irradiance and initial solar irradiance is stagnation solar
irradiance.
B-6 Result – Report calculated stagnation solar irradiance.
APPENDIX C
AVERAGE HEAT LOSS COEFFICIENT TEST
{ Clause 6.1 v}
C-1 Test Conditions
C-1.1 This test shall be conducted indoor.
C-1.2 The average ambient temperature during the testing period shall be 20oC ≤ta≤30oC.
C–1.3 There shall be no wind directly blowing onto the all glass evacuated solar collector tube.
C-2 Test Instruments - Platinum Resistance Thermometer, Mercury Thermometer, steel
measuring tape
C-3 Test Bench.
C-3.1 All glass evacuated solar collector tube is placed vertical to the horizontal plane. The
open end is covered by the same thermal insulation cap as in A -2.
C-3.2 There shall be three temperature measuring points from top to bottom in the all-glass
evacuated solar collector tube. The measurement points shall be as under :
10
Tube Length (mm)
L
1500
1800
2000
2100
Distance from Open end to the
Measurement points in mm
250, 750, 1250
300, 900, 1500
335,1000,1665
350,1050,1750
C-4 Test Procedure - Fill up the all glass evacuated solar collector tube with hot water of
minimum temperature 90oC and drain it out after two minutes. Immediately after this preheating,
fill up the all glass evacuated solar collector tube with hot water of minimum temperature 90oC.
The water level must be up to a height of 40mm from the top of the tube (open end) for tube
length up to 1500mm and up to a height of 50mm from top of the tube (open end) for a tube
length of 1800mm to 2100mm. Record the first average temperature (t1) of the 3 measuring
points when the water temperature naturally drops to an average of 80oC士0.2oC. Record the
second and third average temperature ( t2 and t3) of three measuring points at an interval of 30
minutes each. Simultaneously, record the corresponding three ambient temperatures (ta1, ta2
and ta3) at the same time.
C-5 Calculate the average heat loss coefficient ULT of the all-glass evacuated solar collector
tube according to formula (2), (3) and (4).
…… (2)
Cpw .M ( t1 - t 3 )
ULT
= ––––––––––––––––
AA ( tm - ta ) ∆τ
( t1 + t2 + t3)
tm = –––––––––––––––––
3
ta
Where as：
ULT
tm
ta
∆τ
M
Cpw
AA
ta1, ta2, ta3
t1, t2,t3
( ta1 + ta2 + ta3 )
= –––––––––––––––––
3
……….(3)
………… (4)
Average heat loss coefficient, W/(m2· oC)
Average water temperature inside the all-glass evacuated solar
collector tube during the test, oC
Average ambient temperature, oC
Total testing time from water temperature t1 to t3, s
Mass of water inside the all-glass evacuated solar collector tube, kg
Specific heat of water, J/kg· oC)
Absorber surface area, m2.( Refer to ANNEX 1)
Corresponding ambient temperature recorded at the same time, oC
Three average water temperature inside the all glass evacuated solar
collector tube at three measuring points each, oC.
C-6 Result – Report calculated average heat loss coefficient.
11
APPENDIX D
VACUUM PERFORMANCE TEST
{ Clause 6.1 vi)}
D-1 Test Conditions - This test shall be performed indoor.
D-2 Test instruments - Spark leak detector, Electric heating rod (single-end outlet, diameter of
20mm and rated power of 1500 W) of length not less than 90% length of the collector tube
under test , Thermocouple, temperature gauge, steel measuring scale, hour meter
D-3 Air pressure test inside the vacuum jacket
D-3.1 Test Procedure – Air pressure of vacuum jacket is checked using a spark leak detector
in dark condition. Aim the spark leak detector at open end where no selective coating is on the
inner glass tube. The intensity of spark and colour shall be used to check the vacuum standard.
D-3.2 Result - If glass surface showing weak fluorescence sample meets the requirements. If
sparks penetrate the glass surface or sparks are divergent and there is no fluorescence on
glass surface, sample does not meet the requirement.
D-4 Vacuum quality test
D-4.1 Test Procedure – Place the electric heating rod inside the all glass evacuated solar
collector tube. The electric heating rod is fixed with a aluminum fin type arrangement before
being put into the collector tube. Both ends of the aluminum fins are covered with asbestos cloth
to prevent direct contact of the aluminum wing with the collector tube wall. The opening of
collector tube is covered with fiber glass. A thermocouple is placed at the middle of the collector
tube to measure the inner glass tube temperature. The temperature of the inner glass tube is
maintained at 340C(10C) for 48 h. The change in mirror surface of the getter is measured.
The measurement will be made from the point of diameter of 15mm of the sealed-off end of the
collector tube to the getter mirror surface edge. There shall be measurement at six equal
portions before heating and after heating. The average value of the 6 points before heating and
after heating represents the getter mirror surface axial length L1 and L2 respectively.
D-4.2 Calculate the disappearance ratio in getter mirror axial length from the formula (5):
L1 -– L2
R = ––––––––––––– X 100%
L1
…………… (5)
Where
R –– disappearance ratio in axial length of the getter mirror, %
L1 –– axial length of the getter mirror before heating, mm
L2 –– axial length of the getter mirror after heating, mm
D-4.3 Result – Report calculated disappearance ratio in getter mirror axial length.
12
APPENDIX E
RESISTANCE TO THERMAL SHOCK TEST
{Clause 6.1 vii)}
E--1 Test Conditions - This test shall be performed indoor.
E-2 Test instruments/ test setup – Ice water bath with mercury thermometer, Hot water bath
with mercury thermometer, stop watch, steel measuring scale
E–3 Test Procedure – Insert the open side of the all glass evacuated solar collector tube into
ice water ( ≤ 1C) for a depth not less than 100mm and keep it for one minute. Take it out and
immediately immerse it into a hot water bath of temperature not less than 90C for a depth not
less than 100mm and keep it for one minute. Take it out and immediately immerse in the ice
water ( ≤ 1C). Repeat this test three times.
E– 4 Result – The all glass evacuated solar collector tube shall not have any damage after the
test.
APPENDIX F
RESISTANCE TO IMPACT TEST
{Clause 6.1 viii)}
F-1 Test Conditions - This test shall be performed indoor.
F-2 Test instruments/test set up – Test bench having 2 V shaped groove support with 5mm
thick polyurethane liner with 500mm space in between to put all glass evacuated solar collector
tube in horizontal position, a stand to drop steel ball from a height of 450 mm at the middle of
the two supporting points on the tube, a steel ball of 30mm diameter, a steel scale/ steel
measuring tape
F-3 Test Procedure – Fix the all glass evacuated solar collector tube on the test bench. Drop
the steel ball freely from the stand for vertical impact on the middle of the collector tube.
F-4 Result – The all glass evacuated solar collector tube shall not have any damage after the
test.
APPENDIX G
RESISTANCE TO INTERNAL PRESSURE TEST
{Clause 6.1 ix)}
G-1 Test Condition - This test shall be performed indoor.
13
G-2 Test instruments/ test setup – Arrangement to develop 0.6MPa pressure, pressure
gauge, stop watch
G-3 Test Procedure – Fill the all glass evacuated solar collector tube with water. Increase the
water pressure evenly to 0.6MPa and keep it for one minute.
G-4 Result – The all glass evacuated solar collector tube shall not have any damage after the
test.
APPENDIX H
ABSORPTIVITY AND EMISSIVITY TEST OF THE SELECTIVE COATING
{Clause 6.1 x)}
H-1 Test Conditions - This test shall be performed indoor.
H–2 Test instruments/test setup – Spectrophotometer, hemisphere emissometer, temperature
gauge
H-3 Test Procedure for Absorptivity - Use a spectrophotometer with integral ball to measure
the transmission ratio of the solar selective absorbing coating respectively at 150mm from the
open end of the all-glass evacuated collector tube and at middle of the collector tube (length
wise) within a wavelength of 0.3 µm~2.5 µm. Then calculate the solar absorbing ratio at AM1.5
and use the average value of the two to express the solar absorbing ratio of the solar selective
absorbing coating inside the all-glass evacuated solar collector tube.
H-4 Test Procedure for Emissivity- Place all glass evacuated solar collector tube inside
sealed water-cooled jacket. Place a electric heater inside the inner tube and on two sides of the
equipment to make a hemisphere emissivity measurement device. Under quasi-steady-state,
directly measure the hemisphere emissivity of the selective absorbing coating of the absorber of
the all glass evacuated solar collector tube at 80oC士5oC.
14
APPENDIX - J
(Clause 7.0)
Official Stationary of the Test Laboratory/ Institution Address and Contact Details
A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B.
1
2
3
TEST REPORT
GENERAL
Name and Address of manufacturer/supplier
Contact details of manufacturer /supplier
Details of sample submitted/model
Latitude & longitude of test laboratory
Latitude –
Longitude –
Duration of the Test
Date of start Date of completion SPECIFICATIONS OF THE TEST SAMPLE
(All dimensions are in mm, unless specified
otherwise)
Evacuated Tube (ET)
Make/Model
Complete address of the manufacturer
including e-mail/web site etc.
Type
All Glass Evacuated Solar Collector Tube
4
5
6
7
8
C.
1
2
3
4
Tube length , L in mm
Outer diameter of inner tube, d in mm
Outer diameter of cover tube, D in mm
Details of selective coating
Aperture (exposed) area of a single tube
TEST RESULTS
Dimensions of tube
Visual appearance checks
Stagnation Performance Parameter Test, Y
Stagnation Solar Irradiance Test
5
Average Heat Loss Coefficient Test, ULT
Specified
Observed
As per clause 4.2
As per clause 5.2
Not less than190 m2.oC/kW
a) Not more than 3.7
MJ/m2 for 47 mm
outside
diameter
cover glass tube,
b) Not more than 4.7
MJ/m2 for 58 mm
outside
diameter
cover glass tube and
c) Not more than 5.7
MJ/m2 for 70 mm
outside
diameter
cover glass tube
less than 0.85 W/m2oC
15
Remarks
6
Vacuum performance test
i) Air Pressure Test
ii) Vacuum Quality Test
7
Resistance to thermal shock test
Resistance to Impact Test
8
9
10
11
12
i)
If
glass
surface
showing
weak
fluorescence sample
meets
the
requirements
ii) The disappearance ratio
in getter mirror axial length
shall be not more than
50%.
No damage after test
Resistance to internal Pressure Test
Selective Coating
i) Absorptivity test
ii) Emissivity test
Any Other Details
i) Absorptivity Min 0.92
ii) Emmisivity less than 7%
Remarks
Date:
Place:
(Testing Officer)
(Head of the Test laboratory)
16
ANNEX 1
(APPENDIX C)
Outer Dia of cover Outer Dia of inner glass
Length of the All Glass
glass Tube in mm Tube ( absorber tube) in mm Evacuated Solar Collector Tube
D
d
in mm
47
58
70
1500
1800
2000
2100
1500
1800
2000
2100
1500
1800
2000
2100
37
47
58
17
Absorber
Area in m2
AA
0.174
0.209
0.232
0.244
0.221
0.266
0.295
0.310
0.273
0.328
0.364
0.383
MNRE STD 03:2013
MNRE Standard
ALL GLASS (GLASS IN GLASS) EVACUATED TUBES SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM
May 2013
1
MNRE STD 03:2013
MNRE STANDARD
ALL GLASS (GLASS IN GLASS) EVACUATED TUBES SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM
1.0 SCOPE
1.1 This standard specifies requirements of all glass evacuated tubes solar water heating system. This
standard covers only non concentrating, direct, vented solar collector system that convert solar radiation
to thermal energy for heating water based on thermo syphonic principle.
1.2 In case solar water heating systems is having an auxiliary heater as an integral part of the system,
auxilary heater will be switched off during testing as the operation of the auxiliary input may influence
the performance of the system.
2.0 REFERENCES
IS 6392:1971 Steel pipe flanges
IS 6911: 1992 Stainless steel plate, sheet and strip –specification
IS/ ISO 9488:1999 Solar energy – Vocabulary
MNRE STD 01:2013 All glass (glass in glass) evacuated solar collector tubes
MNRE STD 02:2013 Storage water tank for all glass (glass in glass) evacuated tubes solar collector
DOC: MED 04(1050) F Test procedure for thermo syphon type domestic solar hot water
heating systems (under print)
3.0 DEFINITIONS
In addition to the terms and definitions given in IS/ISO 9488 and MNRE STD 01:2013 following shall
also apply for this standard.
3.1 Ambient Air - Ambient air is the outdoor air in the vicinity of the solar collector system being tested.
3.2 Aperture Area - Maximum projected area through which the un-concentrated solar radiation enters a
collector.
3.3 Water Draw-Off Rate - Rate at which water is withdrawn from a water heating System.
3.4 Direct Solar Water Heating System - Heating system in which the water to be heated is circulated
through a collector where the solar heat gathered by the collector is transferred to the circulating water
itself.
3.5 All glass evacuated tubes solar collector - Solar collector employing transparent glass tubes with an
2
evacuated space between the tube wall and the absorber.
3.6 Heat Exchanger - Device specifically designed to transfer heat between two physically separated
fluids. Heat exchangers can have either Single or double Walls.
3.7 Heat Transfer Fluid - Fluid that is used to transfer thermal energy between components in a System.
3.8 Open System - In which the heat transfer fluid is in extensive contact with the atmosphere.
3.9 Reflector or Reflective Surface: A surface intended for the primary function of reflecting radiant
energy.
3.10 Solar Collector - A solar collector is a device designed to absorb incident solar radiation, to convert
it to thermal energy, and to transfer the thermal energy to a fluid coming in contact with it.
3.11 Solar Energy -The energy originating from the sun's radiation primarily encountered in the
wavelength region from 0.3 to 3.0 micrometers.
3.12 Solar Storage Capacity - Quantity of sensible heat that can be stored per unit volume of store for
every degree of temperature change.
3.13 Water Tank Capacity - Measured volume of the water in the tank when full. This capacity shall not
include the water in the collector tubes and will be equal to system capacity.
3.14 Thermo-syphon System- The system which utilizes only density changes of the heat transfer fluid
to achieve circulation between collector and storage tank.
3.15 Vented System - In which contact between the heat transfer fluid and the atmosphere is restricted
either to the free surface of a feed and expansion cistern or to an open vent pipe only.
3.16 Working Pressure / Rated pressure - Maximum system pressure (in kg/cm2) at which the water
heater is designed to operate, or the maximum operating pressure (in kg/cm2) assigned to the water heater
by the manufacturer and marked on the water heater.
4.0 PRODUCT CATEGORIZATION
4.1 All glass evacuated tubes solar water heating system shall comprise of following main components:
a) All glass evacuated tubes for solar water collector,
b) Storage water tank for all glass evacuated tubes solar collector,
c) Diffuse flat plate reflector (if provided),
d) Manifold (applicable for closed type water storage tank in the system),
e) Tube resting caps,
f) Supporting frame/stand, and
g) Integral pipe & pipe fittigs; flanges ,valves etc (for closed type water storage tank in the system) with
insulation of suitable thickness
.
4.2 All glass evacuated tubes in the solar water heating system shall conform to MNRE STD 01.
3
4.3 Storage water tank in the solar water heating system shall conform to MNRE STD 02.
4.4 Diffuse flat plate reflector if provided shall be bright aluminium/stainless steel sheet of suitable
thickness.
4.5 Manifold when provided shall have header (inner container) of Stainless steel sheet conforming to
grade X02Cr19Ni10 or X02Cr17Ni12Mo2 of IS 6911/ ASTM 304,304L/316 and outer cladding shall be
as given in 5.2 of MNRE STD 02. The insulation in manifold shall be PUF of minimum 25mm thickness.
Alternatively, inner container of manifold may be of mild steel sheet conforming to IS 1079 with
anticorrosive coating.
4.6 Tube resting caps shall be from UV stabilized ABS/Nylon/PP plastic material.
4.7 Supporting frame/stand for the solar heating system shall be manufactured from any of the following
material:
i) Mild steel conforming to IS 2062 with hot dip galvanized or powder coated
ii) Galvanized steel sheet conforming to IS 277 with/without powder coating
iii) Stainless steel
iv) Aluminium with anodized coating
The frame/stand shall be strong enough to support the system during its lifetime.
4.8 Pipes used in the system shall be conforming to IS 1239 ( Part 1). Flanges used in the system shall be
conforming to IS 6392.
5.0 REQUIREMENTS
5.1 General
5.1.1 The system shall fulfill general safety requirements, e.g. care shall be taken to avoid protruding
sharp edges on the outside of the system.
5.1.2 All parts of the system to be mounted outdoors shall be resistant to UV radiation and other weather
conditions over the prescribed maintenance interval. Any maintenance or replacement of system parts
required in order to maintain the system’s normal working over a period of 10 years shall be clearly stated
in the instruction manual.
5.1.3 The quality of all the work carried out on solar water heating system, including the pipe
connections, brazing, welding, insulation of electrical conductors and attachment of accessories, shall be
of such nature that the water heating system will perform its intended function without any failure.
5.2 Over temperature protection
5.2.1General
5.2.1.1 The system shall be designed in such a way that prolonged high solar irradiation without heat
4
extraction does not cause any situation in which special action by the user is required to bring the system
back to normal operation. This may be taken care by providing vent as per manufacturer’s instructions.
In case system run dry without water, the procedure given in instructions manual to be followed for
refilling of the system.
5.2.1.2 When the system has a provision to drain an amount of water as a protection against overheating,
the hot water drain shall be constructed in such a way that no damage is done to the system, piping or any
other materials in the house by the drained hot water. The construction shall be such that there is no
danger to inhabitants from steam or hot water from the drain.
5.2.1.3 When the overheating protection of the system is dependent on electric supply and/or cold water
supply, this shall be stated clearly in the instructions and on the system.
5.3 Over temperature protection for materials
The system shall be designed in such a way that the maximum allowed temperature of any material in the
system is never exceeded.
6.0 TESTING
6.1 Pre-conditioning Test
6.1.1 Idle heating test – There shall be no deformation, crack or other damage in the system
when tested as per Appendix A.
6.2 Test Requirements
Following tests shall be conducted on sample of all glass evacuated tube solar heating system:
i)
Leakage Test – There shall be no leakage or damage in the system when tested as per
Appendix B.
ii)
Integral Test – There shall be no leakage or damage in the system when tested as per
Appendix C.
iii)
External Thermal Shock Test – There shall be no damage or deformation in the
system when tested as per Appendix D.
iv)
Internal Thermal Shock Test – There shall be no damage or deformation in the system
when tested as per Appendix E.
v)
Frost Resistance Test – This test is applicable only to those systems which
manufacturer claims to be frost resistant. There shall be no leakage, damage or twisting
in the system when tested as per Appendix F.
vi)
Thermal Performance Test – The system efficiency corresponding to standard test
conditions shall be minimum 40 %. The thermal performance of the system shall be
tested according to the test procedure specified in BIS Doc MED 04(1050) F.
vii)
Resistance to Impact Test – This test shall be carried out as per Appendix F of
MNRE STD 01 on each collector tube after dismounting from the system and kept
horizontally. There shall be no damage on any collector tube.
7.0 TEST REPORT
5
A test report shall be generated in the format given at Appendix G.
8.0 INSTRUCTION MANUAL
8.1 The manufacturer shall supply an instruction manual with each system containing at least following
information in easily understandable language:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
Brief description of system and its components
Technical specification of the system
Schematic diagram of all glass evacuated tubes solar water collector system;
Instructions for assembly and installation of the system (including mounting details,
piping/plumbing diagram) and safety precautions;
Instructions for operation and maintenance of the system;
Troubleshooting mentioning common problems, their possible causes and solutions;
List of service outlets;
Warranty clause clearly indicating limitations.
9.0 MARKING
Each system shall have the following information clearly marked on a plate or label attached to the
system at visible place:
a) Name of manufacturer or recognized trade mark;
b) Collector area in m2 ;
c) Water capacity of tank in litres per day (lpd);
d) No. of evacuated tubes;
e) Outer diameter and length of evacuated tubes;
f) Serial No.; and
g) Month and Year of manufacture.
6
APPENDIX A
IDLE HEATING TEST
(Clause 6.1.1)
D–1 Test conditions – This test shall be conducted outdoor as per operating conditions.
D –2 Test instruments/test setup –Anemometer, pyranometer, data logger
D–3 Test Procedure – Install the system under test outdoor according to operating conditions.
There shall be no presence of water inside the system. Measure the daily cumulative solar
irradiance on the plane of the collector which shall be more than 16 MJ/m2 . The average wind
velocity shall be 4m/s or less. This test to be conducted for three consecutive days.
D –4 Test Result - At the end of the test there shall be no deformation, crack or other damage to
the system.
APPENDIX B
LEAKAGE TEST
{Clause 6.2 i)}
B-1 Test Conditions - This test is conducted at normal temperature outdoor.
B– 2 Test instruments/test setup – Hydraulic pressure source, Pressure gauge, Filter, Regulator,
Stop watch, soap solution
B- 3 Test Procedure - Fill the evacuated tube solar collector system with water at normal
temperature. Release all the residual air inside the system through the exhaust valve and shut off
the exhaust valve. Then slowly increase the pressure to the test pressure 0.06 MPa through the
hydraulic source. Maintain the test pressure for 10 min. Check leakage by applying soap solution
on all joints.
B-4 Test Result - Check any deformation or leakage in the system during and at the end of the
test.
7
APPENDIX C
INTEGRAL TEST
{Clause 6.2 ii)}
E–1 Test conditions – This test shall be conducted outdoor as per operating conditions.
E –2 Test instruments/test setup –Anemometer, pyranometer, data logger
E–3 Test Procedure – Install the system outdoor according to operating conditions. The system
is filled with water. Measure the daily cumulative solar irradiance on the plane of the collector
which shall be more than 16 MJ/m2 . The average wind velocity shall be 4m/s or less. This test to
be conducted for three consecutive days.
E–4 Result –Check for any deformation or leakage in the system during and at the end of the
test.
APPENDIX D
EXTERNAL THERMAL SHOCK TEST
{Clause 6.2 iii)}
D - 1 Test Conditions – This test to be conducted outdoor when the solar irradiation reaches
over 700W/m2. Spraying water temperature at 15℃±10℃ and flow of spray water more than
200 l/(m2·h).
D – 2 Test instruments/test setup – Spray water tank with temperature gauge, stop watch, water
flow meter
D – 3 Test Procedure - Start the test after solar irradiation reaches over 700W/m2 . After
stagnation period of 30 minutes, spray water that meets the test conditions evenly on the
evacuated tube solar collector, the inclination angle between the spraying direction and the
collector shall be no less than 200. Keep spraying water for 5 min.
D - 4 Test Result - Check for damage and deformation with any part of the evacuated tube solar
collector and record observation.
8
APPENDIX E
INTERNAL THERMAL SHOCK TEST
{Clause 6.2 iv)}
E -1 Test Conditions - This test to be conducted outdoor when the solar irradiation reaches over
700W/m2. Water tank temperature at 15℃±10℃ and water flow more than 60 l/(m2 .h).
E – 2 Test instruments/test setup – Water tank with temperature gauge, stop watch, water flow
meter
E – 3 Test Procedure - - Start the test after solar irradiation reaches over 700W/m2 . After
stagnation period of 30 minutes, supply water that meets the test conditions to the absorber of the
evacuated tube solar collector for 5 minutes.
E - 4 Test Result - Check for damage and deformation with any part of the evacuated tube solar
collector and record observation.
APPENDIX F
FROST RESISTANCE TEST
(Clause 6.2 v)}
F-1 Test Conditions - This test applies to the systems which the manufacturer claims to be frost
resistant including systems that work under frost resisting circulation. This test is not applicable
to those systems that use frost resisting liquid medium. This test is divided into two tests: i) frost
resistance test conducted when the collector is filled with water and ii) frost resistance test
conducted when the collector is empty.
F – 2 Test Procedure - Install the collector for the frost resistance test in a cold storage. The
installation inclination angle is the minimum included angle to the horizontal plane
recommended by the manufacturer. If this angle is not recommended, the installation inclination
angle shall be 300.
9
Fill the collector with cold water with temperature t1 range:
8 0C≤t1≤25 0C. Keep the collector at (-20±2) 0C for at least 30min, then increase the temperature
to +100 C, keep it for 30min. Such freezing and warming circulation shall be conducted 3 times.
Discharge all the water from the collector. Keep the collector at (-20±2)0C for at least
30min, then increase the temperature to +10 0C, keep it for 30min. Such freezing and warming
circulation shall be conducted 3 times.
F – 3 Test Result - At the end of the test, check whether there is leakage, damage, deformation
or twisting in the collector.
10
APPENDIX G
TEST REPORT
(Clause 7.0)
TEST REPORT
A.
GENERAL
1.
Name
and
manufacturer/supplier
2.
3.
All Glass Evacuated Tubes Solar water Heating System
4.
Latitude –
Address
of
Longitude –
5.
Date of start Date of completion -
B.
SPECIFICATIONS OF THE TEST
SAMPLE (All dimensions are in mm,
unless specified otherwise)
a)
All glass evacuated tube
1
Make/Model
2
Complete address of the manufacturer
3
Type
4
No. of tubes
5
Tube length , L in mm
5
Outer diameter of inner tube, d in mm
11
6
Outer diameter of cover tube, D in mm
7
Details of selective coating
b)
Storage water tank
1
Storage Water Tank Capacity, litres
2
Inner tank material & thickness
3
Outer cladding material & thickness
4
Insulation material & thickness
c)
Manifold if applicable
1
Manifold inner tank material & thickness
2
Manifold outer
thickness
3
Manifold insulation material & thickness
d)
Collector area in m2
C
TEST RESULTS
Specified
1
All glass evacuated tube
See test report pp
Conformance to MNRE STD
as per MNRE
01
STD 01 enclosed
2
Storage water tank
See test report
Conformance to MNRE STD
as per MNRE
02
STD 02 enclosed
3
Collector area
4
Idle heating test
5
Leakage Test
6
Integral Test
No leakage or damage during
and at the end of test
No leakage or damage during
and at end of test
7
External Thermal Shock Test
No damage at the end of test
8
Internal Thermal Shock Test
cladding
material
&
As per declaration
12
Observed
Actual calculated
area
Remarks
9
Frost Resistance test
10
Thermal Performance Test
Minimum
40%
system
efficiency corresponding to
standard test conditions
11
Resistance to Impact Test
No damage after the test
12
Any other details
13
Remarks
Date:
Place:
(Testing Officer)
13
APPENDIX H
(Informative)
Capacity wise number of Evacuated tubes and corresponding collector area in solar water
heating system with evacuated tubes
The evacuated tubes for manufacturers of solar water heater systems are available in various
sizes. The minimum collector area for any capacity of solar water heating system will be as per following
Table.
Sr. No.
System Capacity (lpd)
Collector Area ( m2 )
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
50
75
100
150
200
250
300
400
500
Above 500
0.75
1.18
1.50
2.25
3.0
3.75
4.50
6.0
7.5
1.3m2 per 100 lpd
The no. of tubes for any capacity can be calculated as under.
No. of tubes = Minimum collector area as per above table / Area of single tube
The area of single tube can be calculated as follows.
Area of tube =
x Radius of cover glass tube (O.D. /2) x length of tube
Minimum no of tubes required for the system can be calculated as per following example:
For a system of 200 lpd, cover glass tube diameter 47 mm & length 1.5 m
Area of tube =
x 0.0235 x 1.5
=0.111 m2
No. of tubes = 3.0/0.111
=27.09
Rounding of calculated no. of tubes should be done on higher side. Therefore, minimum no. of tubes
required in the system is 28.
14
The area for some of the tubes generally used currently in the system as calculated according to above
formula is given below for reference:
Type of tube
Sr.no. Cover Tube outside
diameter (mm)
Length of tube (mm)
Area of single tube (mm2)
1
47
1500
0.111
2
47
1800
0.133
3
58
1800
0.163
Area of other size of tubes may be calculated if required as per formula given above
Note 1 –The above collector area calculation is only applicable for subsidy purpose and not for testing of
other thermal performance parameter of system.
15
MNRE STD 02:2013
MNRE Standard
STORAGE WATER TANK FOR ALL GLASS (Glass in Glass) EVACUATED
TUBES SOLAR COLLECTOR
May 2013
1
MNRE STD 02:2013
MNRE Standard
STORAGE WATER TANK FOR ALL GLASS (Glass in Glass) EVACUATED
TUBES SOLAR COLLECTOR
1.0 SCOPE
This standard specifies requirements of storage water tank for all glass evacuated tubes solar
collector. This standard covers only vented type storage water tank.
2.0 REFERENCES
IS 277:2003 Galvanized steel sheets (Plain & corrugated)
IS 1079: 2009 Hot rolled carbon steel sheet and strip (sixth revision)
IS 6911: 1992 Stainless steel plate, sheet and strip –specification
IS 14246: 1995 Continuous pre-painted galvanized steel sheets and coils
IS ---------- Test procedure for thermosyphon – type domestic solar hot water heating system
{DOC : MED04(1050)F} (under print).
MNRE STD 03:2013 All glass (glass in glass) evacuated tubes solar water heating system
3.0 DEFINITIONS
3.1 Vented type storage water tank – Storage water tank having opening to the atmosphere and
pressure inside the tank is always equal to atmospheric pressure all the time.
4.0 TYPE OF STORAGE WATER TANK
4.1Close type storage water tank – Such type of storage water tank are close to collector but not
integrated with the collector i.e. evacuated tubes of collector are connected to manifold and
manifold is connected to storage water tank. A typical solar collector with close type storage water
tank is shown in Fig.1.
4.2 Integrated type storage water tank – Such type of storage water tank are integrated to the
collector i.e. evacuated glass tubes of collector are directly connected to storage water tank. A
typical solar collector with integrated type storage water tank is shown in Fig.2.
2
5.0 MAIN PARTS OF STORAGE WATER TANK
5.1 Inner tank – Inner tank shall be manufactured from any of the following materials:
i)
Stainless steel sheet conforming to grade X02Cr19Ni10 or X02Cr17Ni12Mo2 of IS
6911 or ASTM grade 304,304L,316. The thickness of sheet shall be minimum
0.5mm when fabricated using MIG / Argon arc / seam welding for tanks upto 300
litres capacity. Tanks may be manufactured from same thickness sheet by weldless
technology.
ii)
Mild steel sheet conforming to IS 1079 with anti-corrosive coating. This material is
specially suitable for use of tanks in areas having high TDS (more than 300 PPM)
and chlorides contents (more than 50 PPM) in water. The thickness of sheet shall be
minimum 1.5 mm for tanks upto 300 litres capacity. The thickness of coating shall be
minimum 150 micron and should be capable to withstand minimum five years
warranty. Anti-corrosive coating may be enamel coating (glass lining or enamel
lining) or special food grade coating.
iii)
GI sheets conforming to IS 277 with suitable anti-corrosive coating. This material is
specially suitable for use of tanks in areas having high TDS (more than 300 PPM)
and chlorides contents (more than 50 PPM) in water. The thickness of sheet shall be
minimum 1.5 mm for weld less tanks and minimum 2.0 mm for welded tanks for
tanks upto 300 litres capacity. The tanks should be capable to withstand minimum
five years warranty.
For capacities higher than 300 litres, thickness of tank should be adequate to withstand
pressure of 0.2 MPa.
5.2 Outer cladding - The material of outer cladding shall be continuously pre-painted galvanized
steel conforming to IS 14246. Alternatively, material of outer cladding may be Aluminium
/stainless steel/FRP of suitable thickness.
5.3 Insulation layer – The insulation layer shall be pre-injected PUF of minimum thickness 50mm.
The free rise density of PUF shall be minimum 26 kg/m3and moulded density shall be minimum
36 kg/m3 . For tanks of water capacity more than 300 litre, Rockwool insulation of minimum 100
mm thickness is also permitted. The thermal conductivity (k value) of Rockwool shall be not
more than 0.055W/(m .0 C) at 1000 C.
5.4 Inner seal ring for tubes – The material of inner sealing shall be of silicon rubber to withstand
minimum temperature of 1750 C.
5.5 Dust cover ring for tubes - The material shall be of EPDM rubber/ UV stabilized PVC.
5.6 Sacrificial anode (optional) - Additional corrosion protection may be provided by the
installation of a sacrificial anode. The anode shall be manufactured from magnesium cored with a
steel rod (or a material with higher protection potential) to ensure mechanical and wear strength
suitable for the duty it has to perform and to withstand the mechanical shocks, which may be
induced during transport and installation. The anode shall be mounted in a robust manner at the
3
end of the tank and shall be in electrical contact with the inner tank. The anode shall be easily
replaceable.
6.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
6.1 The outer cladding shall be smooth without any crack or obvious scratch and no coating peeling
off.
6.2 Insulation layer, in case of Rockwool shall be stuffed tightly. There shall be no obvious shrinkage
or bulging of insulating material.
6.3 Access door may be provided for easy periodic cleaning of the tank (optional).
6.4 The tank shall be provided with appropriate packing to avoid entry of any foreign material in the
tank before its installation in the system.
7.0 TEST REQUIREMENTS
7.1 Measurement of storage water tank capacity – The capacity of storage water tank shall be
within + 5 % of declared capacity when measured as per Appendix A.
Note – The declared capacity of storage water tank shall be equal to capacity of the system.
Volume of water in evacuated tubes and manifold shall not be accounted in the capacity of
storage water tank.
7.2 Leakage test for inner tank– No leakage when tested as per Appendix B.
7.3 Rigidity test – There shall be no deformation or damage when tested as per Appendix C.
7.4 Idle heating test – There shall be no deformation, crack or other damage when tested as per
Appendix D.
7.5 Integral Test – There shall be no leakage or damage when tested as per Appendix E.
7.6 Performance test – Heat loss coefficient of the system (UL) shall be <2 W/(m2 0 C) when tested
as per Indian Standard {Doc: MED 04(1050)F } (under print)
Note: Tests specified in 7.3 to 7.6 above for storage water tank are not required separately when
manufacturer of glass evacuated tubes solar collector is manufacturing tanks in-house. In this case
during the testing of all glass evacuated tubes solar collector system as per MNRE STD 03, these
tests are performed along with system.
4
8.0 TYPE OF TEST
8.1 Routine test – Each inner tank shall be tested for leakage as per clause 7.2 for a period of
10 minutes by manufacturer.
8.2 Type test – All the tests specified in 7.1 and 7.3 to 7.6 are type tests and shall be carried
out initially for one capacity upto 500 litres capacity single unit either in manufacturer’s
lab or outside approved lab for approval of the product. These tests shall be repeated
every two years after initial approval or before if there is any change in design,
technology or materials. For systems above 500 litres capacity single unit test shall be
carried out as per agreement between manufacturer and user.
9.0 TEST REPORT.
A test report shall be generated in the format given at Appendix F.
10.0
MARKING
The following information shall be marked on the storage water tank:
i) Name of the manufacturer’s or trade mark,
ii) Water capacity in litres,
iii) Serial No., and
iv) Month and year of manufacture.
11.0
PACKING
The storage water tanks shall be suitably packed in boxes to avoid any damage during handling,
storage and transportation.
5
Fig 1
Fig 2
CLOSE TYPE STORAGE
INTEGRATED TYPE STORAGE
WATER TANK
WATER TANK
6
APPENDIX A
MEASUREMENT OF STORAGE WATER TANK CAPACITY
(Clause 7.1)
A–1 Test conditions – This test may be conducted indoor or outdoor at ambient temperature.
A–2 Test instruments/test setup – Measuring Jars of capacity 20 litre, 5 litre, 2litre & 1litre
A–3 Test Procedure – Fill the empty storage water tank with measured volume of water.
A– 4 Result – Report total water volume required to fill the storage water tank in litres as capacity of
tank.
APPENDIX B
LEAKAGE TEST FOR INNER TANK
(Clause 7.2)
B–1 Test conditions – This test may be conducted indoor or outdoor at ambient temperature.
B–2 Test instruments/test setup – Air compressor with air storage tank of 500 litres capacity, Pressure
gauge, Filter, Regulator, Stop watch, Water tank or soap solution
B–3 Test Procedure – Close all the holes of inner tank. Fill the tank with air and increase the pressure to
0.06 MPa for tanks upto 300 litres capacity and 0.2 MPa for tanks above 300 litres capacity. Maintain the
pressure for 10 minutes. Check for any leakage either by submerging the inner tank inside water tank or
by applying soap solution.
B–4 Result – There shall be no leakage or permanent deformity.
APPENDIX C
RIGIDITY TEST FOR STORAGE WATER TANK
(Clause 7.3)
C–1 Test conditions – This test may be conducted indoor or outdoor at ambient temperature.
C –2 Test instruments/test setup –All glass evacuated solar water heating system without storage water
tank, measuring steel scale, stop watch
C– 3 Test Procedure– Connect the storage water tank under test with all glass evacuated tube solar
water heating system. Raise one end of the storage water tank connected in the system without water by
0.1m and keep for 5 minutes before putting to original position.
C–4 Result -There shall be no damage and apparent deformation in the connecting parts of the storage
water tank.
7
APPENDIX D
IDLE HEATING TEST
(Clause 7.4)
D–1 Test conditions – This test shall be conducted outdoor as per operating conditions.
D –2 Test instruments/test setup – All glass evacuated solar water heating system without storage water
tank, anemometer, pyranometer, data logger
D–3 Test Procedure – Install the system with water storage tank under test outdoors according to
operating conditions. There shall be no presence of water inside the system. Measure the daily cumulative
solar irradiance on the plane of the collector which shall be more than 16 MJ/m2 . The average wind
velocity shall be 4m/s or less. This test to be conducted for three consecutive days.
D –4 Test Result - At the end of the test there shall be no deformation, crack or other damage to storage
water tank.
APPENDIX E
INTEGRAL TEST
(Clause 7.5)
E–1 Test conditions – This test shall be conducted outdoor as per operating conditions.
E –2 Test instruments/test setup – All glass evacuated solar water heating system without storage water
tank, anemometer, pyranometer, data logger
E–3 Test Procedure – Install the system with water storage tank under test outdoor according to
operating conditions. The system is filled with water. Measure the daily cumulative solar irradiance on
the plane of the collector which shall be more than 16 MJ/m2. The average wind velocity shall be 4m/s or
less. This test to be conducted for three consecutive days.
E–4 Test Result -At the end of the test there shall be no deformation, damage or leakage to storage water
tank.
8
APPENDIX – F
TEST REPORT
(Clause 9.0)
TEST REPORT
A.
GENERAL
1.
Name and Address of manufacturer/supplier
2.
3.
4.
Latitude –
Longitude –
5.
Date of start Date of completion -
B.
SPECIFICATIONS OF THE TEST SAMPLE
(All dimensions are in mm, unless specified
otherwise)
Storage Water Tank
1
Make/Model
2
Complete address of the
3
Type
4
Capacity, litres
5
6
Type of anti corrosive coating inside inner tank
7
manufacturer
Close type/Integrated type
9
8
Type of welding
9
10
Thermal conductivity of Rockwool if used
11
Material of inner seal ring for tubes
12
Sacrificial anode if provided
C.
TEST RESULTS
1
Storage water tank capacity, litres
2
Leakage test for inner tank
3
Rigidity test
4
Idle heating test
No deformation, crack or other
damage after test
5
Integral test
No deformation, damage or
leakage after test
6
Performance test
7
8
Type of anti corrosive coating inside inner tank
9
10
Type of welding
11
12
Material of inner seal ring for tubes
13
Sacrificial anode if provided
14
Remarks
Specified
No leakage or permanent
deformity
No damage or deformation of
connecting parts after test
Heat loss coefficient of the
system shall be < 2 W/m2 .0 C
Date:
Place:
(Testing Officer)
10
Observed Remarks
Darashaw & Co. Pvt. Ltd.
6th Floor, Express Building
“E’”Road, Near Government
Law College, Churchgate (West)
Mumbai-400020
Tel.: 91 22 4302 2355
Fax: 91 22 4302 2366
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.darashaw.com
14th

NKDA SOLAR CITY FINAL MASTER PLAN

Transcription

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