The Cordlash Quick Lashing Guide

Transcription

X
Title
www.cordstrap.net
The Cordlash
Quick Lashing Guide
A guide to one-way lashing systems
Your partner in cargo securing systems!
60o
Straight
lashing
Cargo secured
according to
the table
values.
90o
Intermodal Transport by
45o
Road, Rail and
Spring
lashing
Cargo secured using
either double lashing
amounts or half of
the table values
Unrestricted Sea Areas
30o
Straight
lashing
75o
Another method
of cargo securing
must be used
30o
1
IMPERIAL UNITS
2012/2013 Edition
2
Table of contents
1
Introduction
2
2
Scope
3
14
Tables – Cargo weight in lb secured per lashing system
based on MSL
3
Normative references
4
14.1 Cordlash CC 105 in combination with CB 10
30/31
4
Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations
4
14.2 Cordlash 105 in combination with HDB 35
32/33
5
How to use the Cordlash Quick Lashing Guide
6
14.3 Cordlash 105 in combination with Dynablock 10 / HDB 10N
34/35
6
How to determine the number of Cordlash systems required
7
36/37
7
Cargo securing methods
38/39
7.1
Blocking
14
40/41
7.2
Top-over lashing
14
42/43
7.3
Loop lashing
16
14.8 Cordlash 1500 in combination with Dynablock 20
44/45
7.4
Straight/cross lashing
17
7.5
Spring lashing
19
based on pre-tension
7.6
Floor lashing
21
15.1 CT 40, CTT 40, CT 40(2), CT 50 (manual operated tensioners)
46/47
7.7
Harness system
22
15.2 CRT 50 (1) (manual operated tensioner)
48/49
15
Tables – Cargo weight in lb secured per tensioner
8
Edge protection
23
15.3 CT 35 PN (pneumatic tool)
50/51
9
Friction values
24
15.4 CT 40 PN, CT 40 PN UD (pneumatic tools)
52/53
10
Lashing points (fittings, anchor- or lashing-points)
26
54/55
11
Tipping definitions
27
56/57
12
Table of Cordlash system MSL values
28
13
Table of Cordlash system pre-tension values
29
16
Terms of use
60
1
2 Scope
Introduction
The safe and damage free transport of cargoes is of vital importance
The guide can be used to determine the cargo weight that can be secured
for the safety of all persons concerned in the logistic chain and for the
for transport using Cordlash systems for transport by road, rail (without
protection of our environment.
shunting) and unrestricted i.e. all sea areas.
The Cordlash Quick lashing Guide is designed to enable users of Cordlash
All calculations are based on the least favourable combinations of the
one-way cargo securing systems to calculate the number of lashings
following acceleration/g forces:
required to secure a cargo adequately. It will also allow those controlling
or checking the safety of cargo securing made with Cordlash systems to
verify the adequacy of the securing arrangement.
The values for cargo weights that can be secured with Cordlash systems are
based on the principles used in the “IMO Model Course 3.18 Safe Packing
g-forces – acceleration by gravity = 32.1 ft/s2
Intermodal transport
Forward / Backward
Sideways
Horizontal
Vertical
Horizontal
Vertical
Road, rail (not shunted)
1.0
1.0
Unrestricted sea areas
0.4
0.2
0.8
1.0
of CTUs – Quick Lashing Guide” and practical experience. Friction values
Sideways (S), forward (F) and backward (B) refers to a fore-and-aft stowed CTU.
are also taken from the IMO Model course.
All values in the tables are rounded up or down to the nearest 10 lb.
The guide has been developed in conjunction with MariTerm AB,
Högänas, Sweden.
2
3
3
Normative references
a. IMO/ILO/UN ECE Guidelines for packing of Cargo Transport Units (CTUs),
Standard hand force – SHF:
1997 Edition
Hand operating force of 110 lbf used to bring
in a system pre-tension in the Cordlash system.
b. IMO Model Course 3.18 Safe Packing of CTUs – Quick Lashing Guide
c. ISO 1496-1: 1990 Series 1 freight containers – Specification and testing
Coefficient of friction - µ:
d. ISO 1496-5: 1991 Series 1 freight containers – Platform and platform
Static coefficient of friction between the cargo
and the adjoining surface of a CTU (see section 9).
based containers
F/B/S:
Direction of movement caused by transport g-
Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations
Cordlash one-way cargo
A combination of polyester lashing joined with
securing system:
one or more steel buckles or buckle-hooks and
forces F = forward, B = backward, S = sideward.
Lashing system:
tensioned with a hand or pneumatic tensioner.
Bonded or woven strapping in combination
with one or more buckles or buckle-hooks.
After being used once, the system is removed
and should be recycled.
CTU:
MSL:
The MSL or Maximum Securing Load of a lashing
(Maximum Securing Load)
system is 50% of the specified system breaking
Cargo Transport Unit means a freight container,
strength.
flat, swap-body, vehicle, railway wagon or any
other similar unit used to transport cargoes by
Lashing system symbol:
CORDLASH
CORDLASH
Lashing point:
Securing device on a CTU to which a cargo
securing device may be directly attached.
Buckle-hook /
buckle-hook
(top-over lashing)
Closed loop with buckle
System pre-tension:
CORDLASH
road, rail or by sea.
CORDLASH
4
The remaining tension in a Cordlash one-way
cargo securing system after tensioning with
either a hand or pneumatic tensioner and after
CORDLASH
buckle-hook / buckle-hook
the tensioner has been removed.
4
5
5
How to use the Cordlash Quick Lashing Guide
How to determine the number
of Cordlash systems required
6
During transport, a cargo will be subjected to forces that will try to either
The required number of Cordlash systems to secure a cargo can be
make the cargo slide or tip. The cargo must be secured against these
calculated by using the tables in section 14 and/or 15 by following the
forces. This is usually achieved by using a combination of blocking, bracing,
procedure below:
lashing and friction-increasing materials.
Depending on cargo characteristics such as weight, size etc. and transport
1.
Select the securing method to be used.
2.
Select the table for the lashing system used from section 14 for
mode, a choice of a suitable CTU has normally been made. A choice of
Cordlash system to match the cargo and the CTU will generally also have
lashings based on MSL strength values…
3.
been made.
…and/or select the table for the lashing system used from
section 15 based on tension values.
4.
The Cordlash Quick Lashing Guide shows the cargo weight that can be
Determine the weight of cargo that can be secured by one
lashing system for:
secured in either a forward / backward or sideward direction:
• sliding AND
• tipping
• per lashing system
5.
• per securing method
6.
• for a range of friction values
Use the lowest value.
Divide the ACTUAL cargo weight by the lowest cargo weight
found for sliding or tipping.
• against sliding
7.
This result will give you the number of lashing systems required.
• against tipping
The lowest of the sliding / tipping cargo weights should be taken
when calculating the number of lashings required to secure the cargo
adequately.
The cargo weight secured by using Cordlash systems can be combined with
securing weights achieved by using blocking and bracing to determine the
total amount of securing material required.
6
7
6
Example 1: Top-over lashing
• cargo weight secured by one lashing system using CT40 tensioner at H/L
ration 0.55 = 30400 lb
Cargo
: machine in crate, weight 8800 lb, dimensions 13’ x 6.6’
CTU
: 20’ container
• H/B ratio = 7.2 / 6.6 = 1.1
Securing method
: top-over lashing (buckle-hook – buckle-hook)
• Using the nearest higher ratio 1.2
Lashing system
: Cordlash 105 / 2x CBH 10
• 1 crate = 1 row
Tensioner
: CT 40
• no risk of tipping
Friction
: Cordstrap anti-slip mat 0.3” used µ (static) = 0.6
x 7.2’ (LxWxH)
Securing against tipping S (sideways):
The lowest weight that can be secured against sliding and tipping by one
As a top-over method is used to secure the cargo, see section 15, table 15.1
lashing system determined above = 1830 lb.
(CT 40 tensioner).
The total number of lashings required is calculated by dividing the actual cargo
Securing against sliding F/B (forward/backward):
weight by 1830 lb.
• cargo weight secured by one lashing system using CT40 tensioner at µ = 0.6
is 1830 lb
Actual cargo weight 8800 lb / 1830 lb = 4.81 or rounded up 5 top-over lashings.
Securing against sliding S (sideways):
The cargo can therefore be secured against sliding and tipping F/B/S by using
• cargo weight secured by one lashing system using CT40 tensioner at µ = 0.6
5 top-over lashing systems Cordlash 105 / 2 x CBH 10 tensioned with a CT 40
is 3640 lb
tensioner.
Securing against tipping F/B (forward/backward):
• H/L ratio = 7.2” / 13” = 0.55
• Using the nearest higher ratio 0.6, one lashing system will prevent 30400 lb
from tipping
8
9
6
Example 2: Loop lashing
• H/B ratio = 6.6’ / 6.6’ = 1.0.
Cargo:
steel tank, weight 44000 lb, dimensions 16.4’ x 6.6’ x 6.6’
• Section 15, table 15.4 shows that there is no risk of tipping for 1 row at H/B
(LxWxH)
ratio 1.0
CTU:
20’ flat / 11240 lb lashing points
Securing method:
S = loop lashing, F/B = timber beam blocking to flat
The lowest weight that can be secured against sliding and tipping by one loop
bulkheads
lashing pair determined above = 9790 lb.
Lashing system:
Cordlash 200 / Dynablock 12
Tensioner:
CT 40 PN pneumatic tensioner
The total number of lashings required is calculated by dividing the actual cargo
Friction:
steel on wood µ = 0.5 (however on open CTU e.g. flat, only
weight by 9790 lb.
µ = 0.3 may be used!)
Actual cargo weight 44000 lb / 9790 lb = 4.5 or rounded up 5 loop lashing pairs.
As a loop lashing method is used to secure the cargo, refer to Section 14, table
14.5 (Cordlash 200) for sliding and section 15, table 15.4 (CT 40 PN tensioner)
The cargo can therefore be secured against sliding and tipping F/B/S by using 5
for tipping
loop lashing pairs Cordlash 200 / Dynablock 12 / CT 40 PN tensioner. Note that
the cargo should be blocked F/B.
• not applicable as cargo is secured F/B by blocking to flat bulkheads
• cargo weight secured by one lashing pair at µ = 0.3 is 9790 lb
• not applicable as cargo is secured F/B by blocking to flat bulkheads
10
11
6
Example 3: Spring lashing
• By use of Cordstrap dunnage bags of sufficient strength, there is no risk
Cargo:
3 crates, weight per crate 7480 lb, dimensions 6.2’ x 6.6’ x
sliding sideways.
7.2’ (LxWxH)
CTU:
20’ container
Securing method:
forward: against bulkhead container
• H/L ratio = 7.2’ / 6.2’ = 1.16
backward: spring lashing
• Using the nearest higher ratio 1.2 in section 14, table 14.3 one spring lashing
sideways: Cordstrap dunnage bags
Securing system:
Cordlash 105 / Dynablock 10 / CT 40 tensioner
Friction:
Cordstrap anti-slip mat 8 mm used (µ static = 0.6)
Cordlash 105 / Dynablock 10 per crate will prevent 54480 lb from tipping
• To prevent overstressing the container lashing points (see note on left
page) it is recommended to use only 50% of the cargo weight that can be
prevented from tipping = 27240 lb.
As a spring lashing is used to secure the cargo, refer to Section 14,
table 14.3.
• By use of Cordstrap dunnage bags of sufficient strength, there is no risk
tipping sideways.
• Cargo weight for one spring lashing system type Cordlash 105 / Dynablock 10
/ 0.6µ = 15560 lb
The lowest weight that can be secured against sliding and tipping by one
lashing system determined above = 7780 lb. The total number of lashings
Note: MSL Cordlash 105 / Dynablock 10 is 4500 lb. The container lashing
required is calculated by dividing the actual cargo weight by 7780 lb.
points have a lower MSL of 2250 lbf = 50% of MSL Cordlash 105 /
Dynablock 10. Therefore, to prevent overstressing the container lashing
Actual cargo weight = 3 x 7480 lb = 22440 lb / 7780 lb = 2.9 or rounded up 3
points, it is recommended to use only 50% of the cargo weight that can be
spring lashings. The cargo can therefore be secured against sliding and tipping
secured with Cordlash 105 of 15560 lb = 7780 lb. (See section 10)
F/B/S by using 3 spring lashings Cordlash 105 / Dynablock 10 / CT40 tensioner
and Cordstrap dunnage bags.
12
13
7
7.1 Blocking
CORDL
Below you will find the conditions under which top-over lashings may be used:
ASH
LASH
CORD
Blocking means that the cargo
Single top-over lashing using 2 buckle-hooks: When using the tables for top-
is stowed against fixed blocking
over lashing the angle between the lashing and the platform bed is of great
structures and fixtures on the
importance. The tables are valid for an angle between 75°- 90°. If the angle is
CTU. Clumps, wedges, dunnage,
between 30°- 75°, either twice the number of lashings are needed or half of
Blocking in combination with
dunnage bags and other devices
which
are
supported
the values in the tables. If the angle is smaller than 30° another cargo securing
top-over lashing
directly
method should be used!
or indirectly by fixed blocking
structures are also blocking.
If a double top-over lashing is used, values in the top-over tables may be
increased by a factor of 2: The pre-tension values of Cordlash hand and
3 sections
Blocking is first of all a method to
pneumatic tooling is found in the table in section 13. The cargo weights
prevent the cargo from sliding, but
that can be secured using Cordlash tensioners can be found in section 15 per
2 rows
if the blocking reaches up to or
Cordlash cargo securing system. The values are proportional to the tensioners
above the cargo’s center of gravity
3 sections
system pre-tension.
it also prevents tipping.
rows
22 rows
CORD
Blocking should be used as far
LASH
A
sideboards.
SH
L
RD
CO
CORD
by putting cargo direct to head and
as possible.
CORDLA
LASH
Blocking using dunnage bags and
7.2 Top-over lashing
75°-90°
Top-over lashings can be used to prevent sliding and tipping in all directions.
It is a method using pre-tension applied to the Cordlash system by either a
Cordlash hand or pneumatic tensioner and friction between the cargo and
Single
top-over
lashing
using
Double
2
the CTU floor.
14
top-over
one or two buckles.
buckle-hooks
15
lashing
using
7
7.3 Loop lashing
7.4 Straight/cross lashing
Loop lashings can be used to prevent sliding and tipping sideways. Sliding
Straight or cross lashings are used to prevent sliding and tipping in all
is prevented by the MSL (Maximum Securing Load) of the Cordlash system.
directions by using the MSL (Maximum Securing Load) of the Cordlash system.
Tipping is however prevented by the system pre-tension applied by either
The conditions under which a straight or cross lashing may be used are found
a Cordlash hand or pneumatic tensioner. The conditions under which loop
below.
lashing may be used are found below:
The tables are valid for an angle of 30 - 60° between the lashing and the
CORDL
ASH
platform bed. Sideways/lengthways the lashing angle should also be between
CORDLA
SH
CORD
CORDLASH
LASH
30 - 60°. If the cargo unit is blocked forward and backward, and the lashings
CORDLASH
are placed with an angle of 90° towards the longitudinal axle the cargo
weight in the tables may be doubled.
60°
A pair of loop lashings prevents the
When long cargo units are secured
cargo from sliding and tipping sideways.
with loop lashings at least two pairs
Minimum one pair of loop lashings per
should be used to prevent the cargo
section should be used.
from twisting.
30°
60°
30°
The cargo weights that can be secured by using loop lashings against sliding
can be found for each individual Cordstrap cargo securing system in section 14
and against tipping in section 15.
16
17
The allowable areas for fixing the lashings on the cargo unit is bounded by
7.5 Spring lashing
straight lines (one for each side), drawn through the center of gravity at an
angle of 45°. When the lashings are fixed above the center of gravity, the unit
Spring lashings can be used to prevent sliding and tipping in one direction per
may also have to be blocked at the bottom to prevent sliding.
lashing either forward, backward or sideward, by using the MSL (Maximum
Securing Load) of the Cordlash system. The conditions under which a spring
The cargo weights that can be secured are found in section 14.
lashing may be used are found below:
If one piece of lashing is used between
A
2 buckle-hooks only 50% of the values
B
CORDLASH
in the tables may be used.
R
CO
L
H CORD
AS
DL
max. 45°
max. 45°
CO
D
LA
SH
DL
A
R SH
C
CO
R
7
L
RD
CO
H
AS
max. 45°
• Alternative A is not fully effective for avoiding tipping.
• Alternative B – the horizontal lashing must be a double looped Cordlash
system around cargo
• Alternative C has two parts attached to four lashing points and secures
twice the values in the tables.
• When using a spring lashing to prevent tipping, only the weight of the
last section needs to be taken to calculate the number of lashings, not the
whole cargo weight!
18
19
7
The angle between the lashing and the platform bed should be maximum 45°.
7.6 Floor lashing
There are a number of ways to apply a spring lashing. If the spring lashing
doesn’t act at the top of the cargo the weights in the tables for cargo weights
Floor lashings can be used to prevent sliding and tipping in a F/B direction by
prevented from tipping is decreased. Example: if the spring lashing acts at
using the MSL (Maximum Securing Load) of the Cordlash system. The lashings
half the height of the cargo as in figure A it secures only half the values in the
are made to pass horizontally across the face of the cargo by special slings
table only (section 14).
attached to but not overstressing the upper fittings in the container. The
lashings must have a maximum angle of 30˚ to the floor of the CTU.
The cargo weights that can be secured are found in section 14.
A typical example in a 20’ container is shown below:
Note: if one piece of lashing is used
between 2 buckle-hooks only 50% of
CORDLASH
the values in the tables may be used.
30°
30°
30°
20
21
7
8 Edge protection
In some cases fewer lashings are needed than the number of sections that are
7.7 Harness system
to be secured. Since each unit has to be secured, the effect of the lashings can
A harness lashing is used in a box container to secure cargos such as drums
in these cases be spread out with supporting edge beams.
against sliding and tipping generally in a F/B direction. It also may be used for
securing cargoes against the container walls in sideways direction. A typical
The edge beams can be manufactured profiles and be designed to withstand
example is shown below (side view container) with 3 harness systems.
the forces exerted by the lashing system. At least one lashing should be
applied per each end section and per every second section.
Note: The vertical lashing should be applied by using hand tensioning only.
CORDLASH
L
RD
CO
CORDLASH
H
AS
The cargo weights that can be secured by using a harness lashing can be
found for Cordlash Composite (CC) 105 and Cordlash 105 systems in section
14, tables 14.1, 14.2 and 14.3.
22
23
H
AS
L
RD
CO
45°
9
Friction values
Different material contacts have different coefficients of friction. The table
on the right shows recommended values for the coefficient of friction. The
values are valid provided that both contact surfaces are dry, clean and free
from frost, ice and snow. The values are valid for static friction.
If the cargo starts to slide the friction is changed from static to sliding friction.
Sliding friction is lower than the static friction. When using a cargo securing
method permitting the cargo to move a little, the friction to be used should
be 70% of the static friction. This effect is included in the tables for loop,
spring, straight/cross, floor and harness lashings.
When a combination of contact surfaces is missing in the table above or if
it’s coefficient of friction cannot be verified in another way, the maximum
allowed friction coefficient to be used is µ static = 0.3 on an open CTUs as the
surfaces can be wet during the sea transport.
According to the European Standard EN 12195-1:2010 the coefficient of
friction for rubber anti slip mats may be taken as 0.6 against other materials,
dry or wet, as long as the surfaces are clean and free from frost, ice and snow.
Coefficients of friction
Material in combination with contact area
µ
SAWN TIMBER/WOODEN PALLET
Sawn timber against plywood/plyfa/wood
0.5
Sawn timber against grooved aluminium
0.4
Sawn timber against steel metal
0.4
Sawn timber against shrink film
0.3
SHRINK FILM
Shrink film against plyfa
0.3
Shrink film against grooved aluminium
0.3
Shrink film against steel metal
0.3
Shrink film against shrink film
0.3
CARDBOARD (UNTREATED)
Cardboard against cardboard
0.5
Cardboard against wooden pallet
0.5
BIG BAG
Big bag against wooden pallet
0.4
STEEL AND SHEET METAL
24
Flat steel against sawn timber
0.5
Unpainted rough sheet metal against sawn timber
0.5
Painted rough sheet metal against sawn timber
0.5
Unpainted rough sheet metal against unpainted rough sheet metal
0.4
Painted rough sheet metal against painted rough sheet metal
0.3
Painted metal barrel against painted metal barrel
0.2
25
10
Lashing points (fittings, anchor- or lashing-points)
11 Tipping definitions
When securing a cargo in or on a CTU it is important that the MSL (Maximum
Below: definition of H, B and L which are to be used in the tables for tipping
Securing Load) strength of the lashing points is taken into consideration. The
for cargo units with the centre of gravity close to its geometrical centre.
MSL strength of lashing points varies depending on the CTU type and from
manufacturer to manufacturer.
H
Actual values can be found on their respective websites. If these are not
marked or given, the following MSL values may be used for maritime
transport:
H
Box container*:
B
• Upper lashing points and side walls:
1125 lbf
• Lower lashing points:
2250 lbf
B
L
L
Flat rack**:
• All lashing points:
6740 lbf
Right: Definition of H, B and L which are to be used in
the tables for tipping for cargo units with the center of
The lashing eyes should have at least the same strength in MSL as the lashings.
gravity away from its geometrical center.
For loop lashings the lashing eyes should at least have the strength of 1.4 x
Always use the shortest distance
MSL of the lashings if both ends of the lashings are fixed to the same eye.
for B.
H
* Ref.: ISO 1496-1:1990 Series 1 freight containers – Specification and testing
** Ref.: ISO 1496-5:1991 Series 1 freight containers – Platform and platform based containers
B
L-Forwards
L-Backwards
26
27
Table of Cordlash system MSL values
13 Table of Cordlash system pre-tension values
Cordstrap system MSL (Maximum Securing Load) values
Cordstrap lashing type
Cordstrap buckle type
Cordlash system pre-tension values & recommended tensioners
System MSL (lbf)
CORDLASH
CORDLASH
CORDLASH
CORDLASH
CORDLASH
CC 105
CB 10
Cordlash 105
Cordlash 150
CT 40
CTT 40
CT 40 (2)
CT 50
HDB 35
3370
Dynablock 10/HDB 10N
4500
6740
Cordlash 200
9550
Cordlash 600
10680
Cordlash 750
11240
Cordlash 1500
Dynablock 20
22480
CRT 50
(1)
CT 35 PN
manual
2920
CT 40 PN
CT 50 PN
PN / UD
CT 60 PN
pneumatic
CC 105
Cordlash 95
Cordlash 105
1750 lbf
1260 lbf
2360 lbf
Cordlash 150
Cordlash 200
3460 lbf
2360 lbf
Cordlash 600
Cordlash 750
5510 lbf
Cordlash 1500
Note: if one piece of lashing is used between 2 buckle-hooks only 50% of the
Note: If Cordlash is used as a double top-over system as shown in the symbols
values in the tables may be used.
below, the values in the tables in section 15 may be doubled.
CORDLASH
29
CORDLASH
28
CORDLASH
CORDLASH
CORDLASH
CORDLASH
CORDLASH
CORDLASH
12
30
5
4
3
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
S
Depends on
tensioner type
used.
(see section 15)
F/B
Sideways
S
7140
8470
10160
12390
15430
F/B
5470
6330
7340
8580
10120
S
1650
2140
2780
3590
4720
F/B
1260
1590
2010
2490
3090
2510
3000
3590
4390
5470
NA³
NA³
NA³
NA³
NA³
Per system
Forward /
Backward
Spring³
S
Per lashing
Straight/cross
F/B
Per pair
Loop³
F/B
5
S
Per system
Floor
8950
10340
12260
8020
7890
5890
7160
7050
5400
6460
S
F/B
Per system
Harness4
Securing direction:
31
7300
5730
4390
1.0
1.2
1.4
1940
1790
1630
1540
1460
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
2180
2560
2.2
2.0
1.8
3170
10960
0.8
1.6
29210
0.6
ratio¹
Depends on
tensioner type
used.
(see section 15)
section
F/B not
applicable.
Sideward –
depends on
tensioner type
used.
(see section 15)
1 row
Cargo weight prevented from tipping (lb)
2090
2250
2430
2690
3090
3660
4650
6790
14620
no risk
no risk
no risk
12390
12850
13430
14150
15150
16530
18580
22050
28920
35410
41310
55090
17700
18650
19890
21560
23920
27540
33800
47220
96410
no risk
no risk
no risk
3950
3970
3990
4010
4030
4100
4140
4210
4300
15780
18410
24560
7890
8310
8880
9610
10650
12280
15060
21030
42970
no risk
no risk
no risk
no risk
section
55250
1 row
no risk
section
123940
1 row
no risk
S
Per system
F/B
S
F/B
section
S
Per system
F/B
S
1 row
F/B
Per system
section
S
Per lashing
1 row
F/B
Per pair
section
S
Per lashing
1 row
F/B
Cargo weight in lb secured
Title
Values apply:
µ = friction coefficient – see section 9; H/B or H/L ratio: see section 11 how to calculate ratio for forwards/backwards tipping (H/L) or for
tipping sideward (H/B)
If lashing is used double, values may be multiplied by 2
Cargo should also be secured in forward and backward direction e.g. by blocking or by straight- or spring lashings.
Horizontal harness lashings placed at 1.64’ and 4.6’ in standard box container (e.g. drums) 7.9’ internal height container. MSL = 2330 lbf.
These columns are left blank on purpose.
Cargo weight prevented
from sliding (lb)
2
1
µ¹
0.2
75°-90°
Per lashing
LASH
LASH
Securing direction:
CORD
CORD
Values apply:
CC 105
CB 10
MSL = 2920 lbf
Top-over²
14.1 Cordlash CC105 / CB 10
14
X
per lashing system based on MSL
32
5
4
3
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
S
Depends on
tensioner type
used.
(see section 15)
F/B
Sideways
S
8220
9770
11730
14310
17810
F/B
6330
7300
8470
9900
11660
S
1900
2470
3200
4140
5450
F/B
1460
1850
2310
2870
3570
2910
3460
4140
5050
6310
NA³
NA³
NA³
NA³
NA³
Per system
Forward /
Backward
Spring³
S
Per lashing
Straight/cross
F/B
Per pair
Loop³
F/B
5
S
Per system
Floor
S
10230
11440
12960
14990
17750
F/B
7850
8530
9370
10380
11620
Per system
Harness4
Securing direction:
33
8420
6610
5050
1.0
1.2
1.4
2250
2050
1900
1790
1680
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
2540
2950
2.2
2.0
1.8
3660
12630
0.8
1.6
33710
0.6
ratio¹
Depends on
tensioner type
used.
(see section 15)
section
F/B not
applicable.
Sideward –
depends on
tensioner type
used.
(see section 15)
1 row
2400
2580
2800
3110
3550
4210
5360
7830
16870
no risk
no risk
no risk
14310
14840
15500
16340
17480
19070
21450
25420
33380
40850
47660
63560
20440
21540
22950
24870
27600
31790
39000
54480
111240
no risk
no risk
no risk
5730
5750
5780
5820
5860
5930
6000
6080
6220
22880
26700
35580
11440
12040
12850
13930
15450
17790
21850
30490
62280
no risk
no risk
no risk
no risk
section
80070
1 row
no risk
section
143010
1 row
no risk
S
Per system
F/B
S
F/B
section
S
Per system
F/B
S
1 row
F/B
Per system
section
S
Per lashing
1 row
F/B
Per pair
section
S
Per lashing
1 row
F/B
Title
Values apply:
from sliding (lb)
2
1
µ¹
0.2
75°-90°
Per lashing
LASH
LASH
Securing direction:
CORD
CORD
Values apply:
Cordlash 105
HDB 35
MSL = 3370 lbf
Top-over²
14.2 Cordlash 105 / HDB 35
14
X
34
4
3
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
S
Depends on
tensioner type
used.
(see section 15)
F/B
Sideways
S
10560
11790
13400
15480
18340
F/B
8090
8820
9680
10710
12020
S
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
F/B
10520
12260
14310
16800
19930
S
10980
13030
15650
19070
23740
F/B
8420
9740
11310
13210
15560
2540
3280
4250
5530
7250
1940
2450
3090
3810
4760
3880
4610
5530
6750
8400
NA³
NA³
NA³
NA³
NA³
Per system
Harness4
S
Per system
Floor
F/B
Per system
Forward /
Backward
Spring³
S
Per lashing
Straight/cross
F/B
Per pair
Loop³
Securing direction:
35
6750
1.4
3000
2730
2540
2380
2250
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
3370
3920
2.2
2.0
1.8
4870
8840
1.2
Depends on
tensioner type
used.
(see section 15)
11240
1.0
1.6
16870
0.8
F/B not
applicable.
Sideward –
depends on
tensioner type
used.
(see section 15)
44950
0.6
ratio¹
3220
3440
3750
4140
4740
5620
7140
10430
22460
no risk
no risk
no risk
19070
19780
20660
21800
23300
25420
28590
33910
44490
54480
63560
84740
27250
28700
30600
33160
36790
42370
52010
72640
148320
no risk
no risk
no risk
11680
12100
12650
13360
14260
15560
17500
20770
27230
33380
38930
51900
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5910
5930
5970
6020
6060
6130
6190
6310
6440
23630
27580
36770
11820
12460
13270
14370
15960
18390
22550
31500
64330
no risk
no risk
no risk
no risk
section
82690
1 row
NA
section
116780
1 row
no risk
section
190700
1 row
no risk
S
Per system
F/B
S
F/B
section
S
Per system
F/B
S
1 row
F/B
Per system
section
S
Per lashing
1 row
F/B
Per pair
section
S
Per lashing
1 row
F/B
Title
Values apply:
from sliding (lb)
2
1
µ¹
0.2
75°-90°
Per lashing
LASH
LASH
Securing direction:
CORD
CORD
Values apply:
Cordlash 105
Dynablock
10HDB 10N
MSL = 4500 lbf
Top-over²
14.3 Cordlash 105 / Dynablock 10 or HDB 10N
14
X
36
5
4
3
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
S
Depends on
tensioner type
used.
(see section 15)
F/B
Sideways
S
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
F/B
15780
18360
21450
25240
29890
S
16470
19550
23480
28590
35630
F/B
12630
14590
16950
19800
23350
S
3790
4940
6390
8290
10890
2910
3680
4610
5730
7140
5820
6920
8290
10120
12590
NA³
NA³
NA³
NA³
NA³
Per system
Floor
F/B
Per system
Forward /
Backward
Spring³
S
Per lashing
Straight/cross
F/B
Per pair
Loop³
F/B
5
Values apply:
37
10120
1.4
4500
4100
3790
3550
3370
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
5050
5910
2.2
2.0
1.8
7300
13250
1.2
Depends on
tensioner type
used.
(see section 15)
16870
1.0
1.6
25290
0.8
F/B not
applicable.
Sideward –
depends on
tensioner type
used.
(see section 15)
67420
0.6
ratio¹
4810
5160
5620
6220
7100
8420
10710
15650
33710
no risk
no risk
no risk
no risk
81720
28590
29670
31000
32690
34960
38140
42900
50860
40850
43060
45900
49740
55200
63560
78000
108970
222470
no risk
95350
66730
no risk
127120
17500
18170
18960
20020
21410
23350
26280
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
31150
NA
40870
NA
50040
58380
NA
section
NA
1 row
77840
section
175150
1 row
no risk
section
286020
1 row
no risk
S
Per system
F/B
S
F/B
section
S
Per system
F/B
S
1 row
F/B
Per system
section
S
Per lashing
1 row
F/B
Per pair
section
S
Per lashing
1 row
F/B
Title
Securing direction:
S
Per system
Harness4
Horizontal harness lashings placed at 1.64’ and 4.6’ in standard box container (e.g. drums) 7.9’ internal height container.
from sliding (lb)
2
1
µ¹
0.2
75°-90°
Per lashing
LASH
LASH
Securing direction:
CORD
CORD
Values apply:
Cordlash 150
Dynablock 12
HDB 12N
MSL = 6740 lbf
Top-over²
14
X
38
5
4
3
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
S
Depends on
tensioner type
used.
(see section 15)
F/B
Sideways
27710
33250
40520
50490
20680
24010
28040
33070
6990
9040
11730
15430
5220
6530
8130
10100
9790
11750
14330
17840
NA³
NA³
NA³
23320
17900
5380
4120
8250
NA³
NA³
S
F/B
S
F/B
Per system
Forward /
Backward
Spring³
S
Per lashing
Straight/cross
F/B
Per pair
Loop³
F/B
5
S
Per system
Floor
F/B
5
Values apply:
1 row
section
39
23880
18760
14330
1.0
1.2
1.4
6370
5800
5380
5050
4780
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
7160
8360
2.2
2.0
1.8
10340
35820
0.8
1.6
95500
0.6
ratio¹
Depends on
tensioner type
used.
(see section 15)
section
F/B not
applicable.
Sideward –
depends on
tensioner type
used.
(see section 15)
1 row
6830
7320
7960
8820
10050
11930
15190
22180
47750
no risk
no risk
no risk
40520
42020
43890
46320
49540
54030
60780
72050
94550
115790
135080
180090
57890
61000
65040
70480
78200
90060
110520
154370
315170
no risk
no risk
no risk
no risk
section
405200
1 row
no risk
S
Per system
F/B
S
F/B
section
S
Per system
F/B
S
1 row
F/B
Per system
section
S
Per lashing
1 row
F/B
Per pair
section
S
Per lashing
1 row
F/B
Title
Securing direction:
S
Per system
Harness4
from sliding (lb)
2
1
µ¹
0.2
75°-90°
Per lashing
LASH
LASH
Securing direction:
CORD
CORD
Values apply:
Cordlash 200
Dynablock 12
HDB 12N
MSL = 9550 lbf
Top-over²
14
X
40
5
4
3
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
S
Depends on
tensioner type
used.
(see section 15)
F/B
Sideways
S
26080
30950
37170
45280
56420
F/B
20020
23130
26830
31350
36970
S
6000
7800
10120
13120
17240
F/B
4610
5840
7300
9080
11290
9220
10930
13140
16010
19950
NA³
NA³
NA³
NA³
NA³
Per system
Forward /
Backward
Spring³
S
Per lashing
Straight/cross
F/B
Per pair
Loop³
F/B
5
S
Per system
Floor
F/B
5
Values apply:
1 row
section
41
26700
20970
16010
1.0
1.2
1.4
7120
6480
6000
5640
5340
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
8000
9350
2.2
2.0
1.8
11570
40040
0.8
1.6
106750
0.6
ratio¹
Depends on
tensioner type
used.
(see section 15)
section
F/B not
applicable.
Sideward –
depends on
tensioner type
used.
(see section 15)
1 row
7630
8180
8910
9850
11240
13340
16980
24780
53370
no risk
no risk
no risk
45280
46960
49050
51760
55360
60380
67920
80510
105670
129390
150970
201280
64700
68190
72690
78770
87390
100640
123520
172530
352250
no risk
no risk
no risk
no risk
section
452890
1 row
no risk
S
Per system
F/B
S
F/B
section
S
Per system
F/B
S
1 row
F/B
Per system
section
S
Per lashing
1 row
F/B
Per pair
section
S
Per lashing
1 row
F/B
Title
Securing direction:
S
Per system
Harness4
from sliding (lb)
2
1
µ¹
0.2
75°-90°
Per lashing
LASH
LASH
Securing direction:
CORD
CORD
Values apply:
Cordlash 600
Dynablock 15
HDB 15N
MSL = 10680 lbf
Top-over²
14
X
42
5
4
3
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
S
Depends on
tensioner type
used.
(see section 15)
F/B
Sideways
S
27450
32580
39110
47660
59370
F/B
21050
24340
28240
33000
38910
S
6330
8220
10650
13820
18140
F/B
4850
6150
7690
9570
11880
9700
11530
13820
16870
20990
NA³
NA³
NA³
NA³
NA³
Per system
Forward /
Backward
Spring³
S
Per lashing
Straight/cross
F/B
Per pair
Loop³
F/B
5
S
Per system
Floor
F/B
5
Values apply:
1 row
section
43
28090
22070
16870
1.0
1.2
1.4
7500
6830
6330
5930
5620
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
8420
9830
2.2
2.0
1.8
12170
42130
0.8
1.6
112370
0.6
ratio¹
Depends on
tensioner type
used.
(see section 15)
section
F/B not
applicable.
Sideward –
depends on
tensioner type
used.
(see section 15)
1 row
8020
8600
9370
10380
11820
14040
17880
26080
56170
no risk
no risk
no risk
47660
49450
51650
54480
58270
63560
71520
84740
111240
136200
158910
211880
68100
71760
76520
82910
92000
105930
130000
181610
370790
no risk
no risk
no risk
no risk
section
476720
1 row
no risk
S
Per system
F/B
S
F/B
section
S
Per system
F/B
S
1 row
F/B
Per system
section
S
Per lashing
1 row
F/B
Per pair
section
S
Per lashing
1 row
F/B
Title
Securing direction:
S
Per system
Harness4
from sliding (lb)
2
1
µ¹
0.2
75°-90°
Per lashing
LASH
LASH
Securing direction:
CORD
CORD
Values apply:
Cordlash 750
Dynablock 15
HDB 15N
MSL = 11240 lbf
Top-over²
14
X
44
5
4
3
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
S
Depends on
tensioner type
used.
(see section 15)
F/B
Sideways
S
54890
65170
78240
95350
118760
F/B
42130
48680
56500
66010
77800
S
12630
16450
21270
27620
36290
F/B
9700
12280
15370
19110
23790
19400
23040
27670
33710
42000
NA³
NA³
NA³
NA³
NA³
Per system
Forward /
Backward
Spring³
S
Per lashing
Straight/cross
F/B
Per pair
Loop³
F/B
5
S
Per system
Floor
F/B
5
Values apply:
1 row
section
45
56170
44140
33710
1.0
1.2
1.4
14990
13650
12630
11860
11240
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
16870
19660
2.2
2.0
1.8
24340
84280
0.8
1.6
224740
0.6
ratio¹
Depends on
tensioner type
used.
(see section 15)
section
F/B not
applicable.
Sideward –
depends on
tensioner type
used.
(see section 15)
1 row
16050
17220
18720
20770
23660
28090
35760
52160
112370
no risk
no risk
no risk
95350
98880
103290
108970
116530
127120
143010
169510
222470
272420
317810
423740
136200
143540
153020
165810
184000
211880
260030
363210
741560
no risk
no risk
no risk
no risk
section
953440
1 row
no risk
S
Per system
F/B
S
F/B
section
S
Per system
F/B
S
1 row
F/B
Per system
section
S
Per lashing
1 row
F/B
Per pair
section
S
Per lashing
1 row
F/B
Title
Securing direction:
S
Per system
Harness4
from sliding (lb)
2
1
µ¹
0.2
75°-90°
Per lashing
LASH
LASH
Securing direction:
CORD
CORD
Values apply:
Cordlash 1500
Dynablock 20
MSL = 22480 lbf
Top-over²
14.8 Cordlash 1500 / Dynablock 20
14
X
46
3
820
1210
1830
0.4
0.5
0.6
3640
2030
1210
730
400
S
Per lashing
75°-90°
Per pair
S
Depends on Cordlash lashing
system used.
(see section 14)
F/B
Loop
Securing direction:
F/B
4340
3040
2030
1520
1210
1010
860
770
680
620
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
ratio¹
6040
section
1.0
1 row
47
860
990
1120
1320
1610
2030
2760
4340
10140
no risk
no risk
1300
970
2540
1650
970
400
440
490
530
600
680
820
290
310
350
370
420
490
550
640
770
1980
5420
1210
4140
no risk
2 rows
no risk
3 rows
no risk
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
section
30400
900
1010
1170
1370
1650
2090
2870
4500
10490
no risk
no risk
no risk
no risk
1 row
10120
Per pair
S
600
640
710
790
900
1010
1190
1430
1810
2450
3750
8020
no risk
2 rows
0.6
F/B
530
570
620
680
750
860
970
1150
1370
1720
2310
3530
7360
3 rows
0.8
S
Per lashing
Title
Values apply:
Cargo should also be secured in forward and backward direction e.g. by blocking or by straight- or spring lashing.
from sliding (lb)
2
1
310
530
0.3
µ¹
0.2
F/B
LASH
LASH
Securing direction:
CORD
Top-over²
CORD
Values apply:
CT 40, CTT 40,
CT40(2), CT 50
pre-tension
1260 lbf
at SHF 110 lbf
15.1 Cordlash CT 40, CTT 40, CT 40(2), CT 50
15
X
per tensioner based on pre-tension
48
3
1520
2270
3420
0.4
0.5
0.6
6830
3790
2270
1370
770
S
Per lashing
75°-90°
Per pair
S
system used.
(see section 14)
F/B
Loop
Securing direction:
F/B
49
1630
2.4
1150
1900
2.2
3.0
2270
2.0
1430
2840
1.8
1260
3790
1.6
2.8
5710
1.4
2.6
8130
1.2
ratio¹
11400
section
1.0
1 row
1630
1830
2120
2470
3000
3790
5180
8130
19000
no risk
no risk
2430
1810
4740
3090
1830
750
820
900
990
1120
1300
1520
550
600
660
730
790
900
1040
1210
1460
3700
10160
2290
7760
no risk
2 rows
no risk
3 rows
no risk
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
section
56990
1680
1900
2180
2560
3110
3920
5360
8420
19660
no risk
no risk
no risk
no risk
1 rows
19000
Per pair
S
1100
1210
1320
1480
1680
1920
2250
2710
3400
4590
7030
15060
no risk
2 rows
0.6
F/B
970
1060
1170
1280
1410
1590
1830
2140
2580
3240
4340
6610
13800
3 rows
0.8
S
Per lashing
Title
Values apply:
from sliding (lb)
2
1
570
970
0.3
µ¹
0.2
F/B
LASH
LASH
Securing direction:
CORD
Top-over²
CORD
Values apply:
CRT 50 (1)
pre-tension
2360 lbf
at SHF 110 lbf
15.2 CRT 50 (1)
15
X
50
3
1120
1700
2540
0.4
0.5
0.6
5070
2820
1700
1010
570
S
Per lashing
75°-90°
Per pair
S
system used.
(see section 14)
F/B
Loop
Securing direction:
F/B
1 row
3840
2820
8470
6040
4230
2820
2120
1700
1410
1210
1060
950
840
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
ratio¹
1.0
section
51
1210
1370
1570
1850
2230
6040
14110
no risk
no risk
1810
1340
3530
2290
1340
550
620
660
750
840
970
1120
400
440
490
530
600
660
770
900
1080
2760
7540
1700
5750
no risk
2 rows
no risk
3 rows
no risk
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
section
42330
1260
1410
1630
1900
2310
2930
3990
6260
14620
no risk
no risk
no risk
no risk
1 rows
14110
Per pair
S
820
900
990
1100
1230
1430
1680
2010
2540
3420
5220
11200
no risk
2 rows
0.6
F/B
730
790
860
950
1060
1190
1370
1590
1920
2400
3220
4890
10250
3 rows
0.8
S
Per lashing
Title
Values apply:
from sliding (lb)
2
1
420
730
0.3
µ¹
0.2
F/B
LASH
LASH
Securing direction:
CORD
Top-over²
CORD
Values apply:
CT 35 PN
pre-tension
1750 lbf
15.3 CT 35 PN
15
X
52
3
1520
2270
3420
0.4
0.5
0.6
6830
3790
2270
1370
770
S
Per lashing
75°-90°
Per pair
S
system used.
(see section 14)
F/B
Loop
Securing direction:
F/B
53
1630
2.4
1150
1900
2.2
3.0
2270
2.0
1430
2840
1.8
1260
3790
1.6
2.8
5710
1.4
2.6
8130
1.2
ratio¹
11400
section
1.0
1 row
1630
1830
2120
2470
3000
3790
5180
8130
19000
no risk
no risk
2430
1810
4740
3090
1830
750
820
900
990
1120
1300
1520
550
600
660
730
790
900
1040
1210
1460
3700
10160
2290
7760
no risk
2 rows
no risk
3 rows
no risk
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
section
56990
1680
1900
2180
2560
3110
3920
5360
8420
19660
no risk
no risk
no risk
no risk
1 row
19000
Per pair
S
1100
1210
1320
1480
1680
1920
2250
2710
3400
4590
7030
15060
no risk
2 rows
0.6
F/B
970
1060
1170
1280
1410
1590
1830
2140
2580
3240
4340
6610
13800
3 rows
0.8
S
Per lashing
Title
Values apply:
from sliding (lb)
2
1
570
970
0.3
µ¹
0.2
F/B
LASH
LASH
Securing direction:
CORD
CORD
Values apply:
CT 40 PN
CT 40 PN UD
pre-tension
2360 lbf
Top-over²
15.4 CT 40 PN, CT 40 PN UD
15
X
54
3
2230
3350
5030
0.4
0.5
0.6
10030
5580
3350
2010
1120
S
Per lashing
75°-90°
Per pair
S
system used.
(see section 14)
F/B
Loop
Securing direction:
F/B
1 row
11930
7610
16710
11930
8360
5580
4190
3350
2780
2380
2090
1850
1680
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
ratio¹
1.0
section
55
2380
2690
3090
3640
4410
5580
27870
no risk
no risk
3570
2670
6970
4540
1100
1190
1320
1480
1650
1900
2230
2670
820
880
950
1060
1170
1320
1500
1760
2120
5450
14900
3370
11380
no risk
2 rows
no risk
3 rows
no risk
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
section
83580
2470
2800
3200
3770
4560
5780
7870
12370
28840
no risk
no risk
no risk
no risk
1 row
27870
Per pair
S
1630
1790
1960
2180
2450
2800
3280
3970
4980
6720
10320
22090
no risk
2 rows
0.6
F/B
1430
1570
1700
1870
2070
2340
2690
3130
3770
4740
6370
9680
20240
3 rows
0.8
S
Per lashing
Title
Values apply:
from sliding (lb)
2
1
840
1430
0.3
µ¹
0.2
F/B
LASH
LASH
Securing direction:
CORD
Top-over²
CORD
Values apply:
CT 50 PN
pre-tension
3460 lbf
15.5 CT 50 PN
15
X
56
3
3550
5310
7980
0.4
0.5
0.6
15960
8860
5310
3200
1760
S
Per lashing
75°-90°
Per pair
S
system used.
(see section 14)
F/B
Loop
Securing direction:
F/B
57
3330
2950
2670
3.0
3790
2.4
2.8
4430
2.2
2.6
6660
5310
8860
1.6
1.8
13290
1.4
2.0
19000
1.2
ratio¹
26590
section
1.0
1 row
3790
4300
4920
5780
6990
8860
12080
19000
44310
no risk
no risk
5690
4230
11070
7210
1740
1920
2090
2340
2620
3020
3530
4250
1280
1390
1520
1680
1850
2090
2400
2800
3370
8640
23720
5360
18100
no risk
2 rows
no risk
3 rows
no risk
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
NA ³
section
44310
3920
4430
5090
5970
7250
9170
12520
19660
45880
no risk
no risk
no risk
no risk
1 row
132960
Per pair
S
2580
2820
3110
3460
3900
4480
5220
6310
7940
10690
16400
35140
no risk
2 rows
0.6
F/B
2290
2470
2710
2980
3310
3730
4280
4980
6000
7540
10120
15410
32210
3 rows
0.8
S
Per lashing
Title
Values apply:
from sliding (lb)
2
1
1320
2270
0.3
µ¹
0.2
F/B
LASH
LASH
Securing direction:
CORD
Top-over²
CORD
Values apply:
CT 60 PN
pre-tension
5510 lbf
15.6 CT 60 PN
15
X
Notes
Notes
58
59
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2nd issue: May 2012
16
60
61

The Cordlash Quick Lashing Guide

Transcription

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