We have compiled all of our enrichment group`s work from 2013

Wagoner Elementary School
2013-2014
Popcorn
Pages 4-5
Frogs and Toads
Pages 6-7
Creepy Cool Spiders
Pages 8-9
Birds
Pages 10-11
Insects
Pages 12-13
Chocolate
Pages 14-17
The Arctic
Pages 18-19
Antarctica
Pages 20-27
Dinosaurs
Pages 28-31
Volcanoes
Pages 31-32
2
Doing research.
Making volcanoes.
Setting up Wagoner’s new
laptops.
3
Types of Popcorn
By Kali and Shaniya
Let’s talk about kinds of popcorn!
The butterfly popcorn kernel is big
and fluffy. The mushroom popcorn
kernel is shaped like a ball. Some
white popcorn has less noticeable
hulls. Kettle corn has a sweet taste.
Microwave popcorn comes in a bag
so you can put it in the microwave.
Sometimes you can add some of
your seasonings. Now you know
about kinds of popcorn.
How Farmers Grow Popcorn!
By Jaylinn, Vanessa, and Promise
Here’s how popcorn gets to the market. Farmers plant corn in a field
with a plastic covering so the corn does not get eaten by animals. The
corn comes through the plastic. Farmers cut the plastic and pull it up so
the corn can grow. In fall corn is ready to harvest. Farmers use machines
to pick the ears off the plants. This is how popcorn grows!
4
Life Cycle of Popcorn
By Jacob, Salvador, and Zion
This is the lifecycle of popcorn. Popcorn seeds are planted after frost.
They grow tassels. The leaves grow 15 feet long. They grow 7 to 10 feet
tall. They grow ears. They grow hundreds of kernels. You can eat the
kernels. Then the lifecycle of corn starts over again.
Explosive Popcorn
By Russell and Vanessa
Have you heard popcorn is explosive?
When popcorn kernels go past 450 degrees it redlines and that means it explodes. There has to be a lot of pressure
on the popcorn for it to explode. The
kernels are washed, dried and tested to
see if they contain the right moisture.
Pop corn needs to be heated evenly so it
can pop. The steam makes the inside so
big that it pops. That is why popcorn is
explosive.
History of Popcorn
By Ruize and Deshaun
This is what we learned about popcorn history. The oldest popcorn is
5,600 years old. Popcorn grew in Mexico first. Popcorn also grew in
China and India hundreds of years ago. Popcorn was important to the
American Indians. The colonists ate their popcorn like cereal with milk.
Popcorn was popular from the 1800s until the 2000s in the United States.
People have been eating popcorn for a long time!
5
By Torrin and Joseph
Types
Habitat
The biggest toad is the goliath
frog. The smallest frog is as
small your finger nail. The
strawberry poison dart frog is no
bigger than a finger nail. The
cane toad is very deadly. A bull
frog’s deep pitched call can be
heard from more than a quarter
mile away.
Bullfrogs live in fresh water ponds,
lakes and marshes. The cane toads
live in Australia north America and
south America. The smoky jungle
frog lives in Amazon rain forest,
and south America. The Darwin
frogs can be found in south America. The mountain chicken frog use
hollowed out logs for burrows.
Sources
Illinois Department of Natural
Resources
BBC Nature Wildlife
National Geographic Kids
6
Food
A cane toad will eat anything that will
fit in its mouth. American bull frogs
food is spiders grasshoppers and flies.
A poison dart frog eats fruit flies ants
termites young crickets, and tiny beetles. Red eyed tree frogs food is
Predators
Some frogs are poison so they
can protect them self from
predators. The frogs that are
poisons have bright colors so
there predators know there poisons A red eyed tree frog can
camouflage it self so it can protect its self from predators. One
of the predators of a frog is
birds. If a cane toad is eaten by
a predators will dye because it
is poisons.
Reproduction
A strawberry poison dart frog carries
her tadpoles. A frog or toad starts out
as egg then the frog or toad is a tadpole. After being a tadpole they turn
in to a baby frog or toad. After they
are baby’s they are a grown up frog
or toad.
7
Author and Illustrator:
Jaylinn and Jacob
Types
Predators
Black widow have a hour
glass on them. Northern
black widows are different
colors than males. Raft spiders float on water. The female goliath spiders fangs
are longer than cheetah
claws. A black widows poison is 15 times stronger
than a rattle snake’s.
Raft spiders build
webs under water so
in can catch its prey.
The golden crab spider has poison in its
prey. Most spiders are
camouflaged. Some
people eat spiders.
8
Look
Habitat
Spiders have eight legs. They
have eight eyes. Female black
widow spiders are darker then
males. Tarantulas are large and
very hairy.
Black widows live almost
everywhere. Tarantulas live in the
jungle. Tarantulas live in burrows.
Crab spiders live in gardens. Spiders
live in webs.
Reproduction
Food
They lay there eggs in sacks. The
female black widow lays 200 eggs.
Some girl spiders kill there mates
to lay eggs. When girl spiders lay
eggs 500 to 1000 spiders can
hatch. A black widow lays 200
eggs. Wolf spider carry their hatchlings.
Some spiders eat rats or other little
creatures. The red crab spider eats
ants. The crab spider looks invisible so it can catch its prey. Tarantulas main prey is insects and frogs
toads and mice. Goliath spiders eat
lizards insects and bugs.
Sources:
Illinois Department of Natural Resources
BBC Animals
National Geographic
9
By Khareah and Kali
Types
There are 9,000 bird species.
Penguins live in freezing cold
whether. Flamingos live in
warmer regions. Red tailed
hawks hunt from the air. An
ostrich does not fly it runs.
Habitat
Look
All birds live in different
places. The American kestrel
can be found around forest
edges. Peafowl live in South
Asia and is brought to Sri
Lanka. Some wood peckers
live in Mexico.
The male birds and the female birds are
different. The long eared owl male dose
not have long ears. The short eared owl
male is yellow. The male Merlin is different from the female Merlin the male
is yellow the female is white. The female Mississippi kite is gray but the
male is black.
10
Reproduction
Birds lay their eggs in a nest. Parent birds
warm the eggs with their bodies .When the
eggs hatch the chicks are helpless. The
parents feed and care for the chicks .The
chicks grow up and learn how to fly. The
young birds now have to find their own
food. The mother protects her baby. Puffins protects their baby by making there
nest under ground . The emperor penguin
lays one single egg and leaves and then
dad takes care of baby egg.
Food
Many birds eat and hunt for different
things. Penguins eat tiny shrimp like animals. Snowy owls hunt for rodents , rabbits, birds, and fish . Plovers will run into
swarms of flies and eat them. Flamingos
feathers change when they eat different
color food . Puffins eat small fish such as
sand, eels , and herring which they hunt
under water.
Sources:
Illinois Department of Natural Resources
National Geographic
11
Illustrated by Angelina swan
Written by Russell and Angelina
Types
This is an article about insects. The
Hawaiian cranfly does not have
wings. Chan’s mega stick is very
long. Honey bees bring pollen to
flowers. Dung beetles roll balls
with soil. If an ant queen lays too
many eggs the ants will kill the
eggs before they hatch. These are
some types of insects.
Look
These are some facts about looks
of insects. Arthropods have skeletons on the outside of there bodies. Insects have pairs of jointed
legs. The three parts of an insect
are The head, abdomen and the
thorax Not all insects have wings.
Ants are fuzzy but there so small
you can’t see the fur.
12
Habitat
Insects can live all over the world.
Honey bees can live all over the
world inside hives. Monarch butterflies can live in the South or North
America. Cicadas live in South
America and North America. Praying Mantids can live all over the
world too in tropical areas.
Food
Reproduction
All insects come from an egg. Insects lay there eggs in dung that
they rolled. A honey bees queen’s
job is to lay eggs.
Predators
These are some of the
predators of insects. The
praying mantid’s predators are bats, rodents,
birds, and spiders. A lady
bug’s predator is a bird.
Elitents eat dung beetles.
Insects can eat almost every
thing. Most insects can eat other
insects. Dung Beetles eat dung or
animal waste. Praying Mantises
eat other bugs. Ladybugs eat
Aphids. Honey Bees eat honey
from pollen and nectar from
flowers.
Sources:
Department of Natural Resources
National Geographic
Reading Eggs
BBC
13
By Salvador, Russell,
Joseph, Jaylinn, Jacob, Zion, Kali, Angelina, and Promise
About Chocolate
Chocolate starts of as a bean and the bean is inside a orange pod and the
pod is hanging on a tree. Then the people who make chocolate pick the
orange pod. They cut the orange pod with a machete with a very hard
whack. When the cacao are done they put them in to a pile or boxes. It
takes a week until the cacao bean dries and it turns purple.
14
Delicious Nutty Popcorn
Fudge Recipe
1 Package (8 oz) semisweet
chocolate chips
1 can (14 oz) sweetened condensed milk
2 tablespoons butter or margarine
4 cups freshly popped popcorn
1 cup (silvered) almonds,
toasted
1 teaspoon pure vanilla extract
Directions
1. Line a 9 ½ ” x 13 ½ pan
with foil set aside
2. In large saucepan over low
heat melt chocolate chips,
condensed milk and butter,
stirring until smooth. Remove
from heat stir in popcorn , nuts,
and vanilla
3. Spread mixture evenly in prepared pan. Chill 2 hours or until
firm remove from pan and cut
into squares
EASY OREO TRUFFLES
1(16 ounce ) package OREOs
1 (8 ounce) cream cheese
2 (8 ounce) melted chocolate
Crush 9 cookies to fine
crumbs in food processor
reverse for later. Crush remaining 36 cookies to fine
crumbs. Place in medium
bowl. Add cream cheese. Mix
until well blended. Roll
cookie mixture into 42 balls
about 1 inch in diameter.
Dip balls in chocolate place
on wax paper covered baking
sheet. Sprinkle reversed
cookie crumbs
Refrigerate until firm about 1
hour.
Source: http://allrecipes.com/Recipe/EasyOREO-Truffles/Detail.aspx?evt19=1
Source: http://www.delish.com/
15
How to Make Chocolate
2 cups cocoa powder
¾ cup butter softened at room tempter
½ cup sugar
2/3 cup milk room tempter
¼ tsp salt
¼ cup powder sugar
1 cup water
16
Yummy Chocolate Brownies
1 cup of butter or margarine
4 squares of unsweetened chocolate
4 eggs
2 cups white sugar
2 teaspoons vanilla extract
1 1/2 cups all purpose flour
1 teaspoon baking powder
pinch of salt
1. Put the water in a pot and leave it boiling.
2. Combine the cocoa powder and softened
the butter in a bowl. Mix it until you
have a smooth paste. Use a fork to
squish it to eliminate lumps.
3. Add the cocoa powder mix to the boiling water and stir. Allow the temperature to rise back up. Again it should be
hot but not boiling.
4. Put the mix in to a bowl.
5. Sift sugar and powder sugar together in
a
separated bowl.
6. Add milk stir until smooth
7. Pour the mixture in thin layers across
the bottoms of various containers. Since
the chocolate will take the shape of the
containers a rectangular casserole dish
will work well for a rectangular bar. You
can also use candy molds.
8. Harden overnight in refrigerator or
freezer.
1. Preheat 350 rub grease over a 9 x 13
inch baking pan.
2. Melt the butter in a sauce pan over medium heat on the stovetop. After the butter is melted, take it off the heat and stir
in the chocolate until it is melted and
mixed in. Add the eggs one at a time,
stirring
thoroughly. Then add the
sugar and vanilla, stirring the mixture
until smooth.
3. In a separate bowl, mix the flour, salt,
and baking powder. Gently pour the butter, chocolate, and sugar mix the flour
and stir it until the flour is completely
wet.
4. Pour the mixture into the pan and spread
it evenly.
5. Bake for 25 to 30 minutes until the
brownies begin to pull away from the
sides of the pan.
6. Let the brownies cool in the pan before
you cut them. Make 12 brownies.
Source: WikiHow
Source: All About Chocolate by Robert Charles
Five Minute Fudge
1 can sweetened condensed milk
1 bag chocolate chips
Optional: Fruit or nuts
to mix in, flavoring
like vanilla or orange
1. Combine the sweetened condensed milk
and chocolate chips in
a microwave safe
bowl.
2. Microwave on high
in one minute bursts,
stirring in between,
until the chocolate
melts into the milk. It
shouldn't take more
than three minutes. 3.
Stir in any flavoring or
mix ins you're using.
4. Pour into a pan or
dish lined with foil or
parchment paper. It
will be thick, it's up to
you whether you want
to spread it evenly in
the pan or let it stay as
you poured it.
5. Chill until set, then
cut into pieces. Store
in the refrigerator.
Source: http://
eatthefreelunch.blogspot.com/2013/12/
five-minute-fudge.html
How to make
chocolate in the
microwave
4tbsp cocoa powder,
any kind will do
3tbsp powdered sugar
1tbsp butter (salted of
unsalted)
1. Put cocoa power,
powdered sugar
and butter in a
microwave – safe
bowl.
2. Microwave until
butter melted.
3. Mix ingredients.
Put in the
microwave again. Mix
again.
4. Freeze until firm.
Source: WikiHow
How to Make
Chocolate
with Cocoa
Powder
2
cups
cocoa
powder
¾
cup
butter,
softened
2/3 cup of milk
¼ teaspoon of salt
1 cup of water
1. Place the cocoa
powder
and
softened butter in
bowl and stir.
2.
Place
the
chocolate mixture
on top of the
saucepan
or
double boiler, and
bring the water to
just simmer, over
low heat
3. Stir paste and
add milk and sugar
gradually. Mix well
until the pasties
smooth and creamy.
4. Put it in the
fridge until the
chocolates
5. Enjoy!
Source: WikiHow
17
By Torrin, Joseph, Claudia, Lawrence
Resources
Polar Explorers written by Susan Mansfield
Polar Animals written by Susan Mansfield
The Arctic written by Susan Mansfield
Polar regions of the world written by Elizabeth Austin
The Inuit Northern Living written by David Meissner
Plight of the Polar Bear written by Ned Jensen
Alaska the Last Frontier written by Dane Dehler
Geography
Animals
The Arctic ocean is the smallest of the world’s
oceans. In most of the winter the Arctic ocean freezes
over to form a layer of sea ice. The tundra is in the
southern areas of the Arctic. When the ice melts in
summer the tundra has many shallow lakes. The lakes
form because the water cannot drain into oceans. The
process in which an iceberg breaks off from a glacier
is called calving. The North Pole sits in the middle of
the Arctic ocean which is covered by a layer of ice
called an ice cap. When the tundra turns into a bog
during the summer a
billion of mosquitoes
swarm over the land.
Some scientists believe that polar bears cover their
black noses with their paws to make them harder
to spot as they hunt for seals. Arctic terns can fly
over 20,000 miles in their lifetime. Arctic foxes
live for 3-6 years in the wild. Caribou shed their
thick winter coats in the early summer. Arctic
foxes give birth to up to 14 pups in burrowed dens.
Polar bear babies stay with their mother for about
two and a half years. Polar bears can smell an animal that died 20 miles away. Caribou antlers can
get as long about 3 feet long.
18
Environment
The polar regions are some of the last areas of
wilderness in the world but they are being
threatened. Sometimes people leave behind
garbage and pollution that harm the environment.
The Earth is also warming up. Permafrost is
melting all over the Arctic some times causing the
ground to collapse. No one knows what this
warming will do to the polar animals. Oil
companies build wells in the Arctic. Most nations of
the world have agreed to try to protect polar
regions.
Climate
The sun light hits directly at the equator and
less directly at the poles. During the winter, the
sun does not shine on the Polar Regions at all, and
without sunlight, there’s no heat. In the summer in
the Arctic temperatures only reach 35° F on the ice
sheet. The Arctic helps cool the rest of the planet.
Winds and ocean currents take cold arctic air and
water to other parts of the world. This helps keep
global temperatures stable.
People
History
Roald Amundsen was the first person to try to go to
the Arctic. Robert Edwin Peary was the first person
to get to the Arctic. James Clark Ross made important discoveries in the Arctic. In 1831 Ross and his
uncle, Sir John Ross, explored northern Canada in
search of the magnetic North Pole. They found it in
August 1831. People can live the Arctic and live in
igloos and also skin animals for jackets. That keeps
them warm. The people who live in the Arctic have
to stay very warm but when
they are done working and
hunting they play.
The native American tribe in the Arctic was called
Inuit. They were the first people to live in Alaska.
Native people burned whale fat to keep warm. The
Europeans went to Alaska in 1741. It was too cold to
go because they did not have proper clothes. Some
people did not get to Alaska until 1896 because
gold was found and people went to get rich. On
March 27, 1964 an earthquake killed 131 people.
19
People
Geology
People in Antarctica are ether researchers, tourists or miners. Miners mine for
oil in Antarctica. Researchers are the
ones that study Antarctica. Tourists are
people who visit Antarctica for the
wildlife. Twenty-five thousand people
visit Antarctica each year!
Antarctica is cold and covered in ice but it wasn't always like this. Antarctica
used to be in the north but it
broke apart from the north
land and slowly floated south
180 million years ago.
BY JAOCB & ZION!!!!
Geography
Antarctica is so cold because it
is at the bottom of the world.
The bottom of the world is very
far from the equator. The sun
warms the earth at the equator.
Since Antarctica is so far from
the equator it is super cold. The
average temperature is usually 76°F. The lowest temperature in
Antarctica was -130°F.
20
ANIMALS
There are many animals in Antarctica. One of them is the penguin. Penguins live in the seas of Antarctica.
Penguin have oily waterproof layers
of fat called blubber. Penguins eat
krill. Krill are little shrimp like animals that live in the sea. Krill lay up
to 10,000 eggs at a time. There are 85
different species of krill. Krill can
survive for up to 200 days without
eating.
Environmental Problems
History
Antarctica is important to the
whole world and people are
destroying it if they keep doing it animals will be extinct.
People in Antarctica are
breaking the Antarctic treaty.
People in Antarctica are mining and people banned mining
in Antarctica years ago . The
mining in Antarctica is destroying the animals of Antarctica's home. When ships
come to Antarctica for oil the
ships break ice and where animals live. Tourists keep leaving trash and garbage all over
Antarctica. Animals are choking on all of the garbage they
are leaving behind. Pollution
in Antarctica can lead to
global warming.
In 1900 Argentina, Australia, Chile,
France, Britain, New Zealand, and Norway wanted Antarctica so they all
signed the Antarctic treaty. The Antarctic treaty makes it so nobody can litter
on Antarctica in there states and that
since they now all own Antarctica they
cant dump thrash on Antarctica or test
weapons. The Antarctic treaty is now
signed in 46 countries. The ice in Antarctica is over 100 years old!
Antarctic Explorers
Sir Douglas Mawson was an Antarctic
explorer. He was born in 1882. Sir
Douglas Led the British, Australian and
New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition. He mapped more than 2,000
miles by ship and seaplane! Until 1996
Sir Douglas appeared on the
Australian 100 dollar bill. He died in
1958.
SOURCES
Antarctica by Susan Mansfield
Polar Animals by Susan Mansfield
Polar Explorers by Susan Mansfield
Polar Regions of the Earth by Elizabeth Austin
Penguins by Kira Freed
21
Research
Sources
Antarctica by Susan Mansfield
Polar Explorers by Susan Mansfield
Polar Animals by Susan Mansfield
Polar Regains of the Earth by Elizabeth Austin
There are over 80 research stations in
Antarctica. The green light is the
Aurora Australia it appears when solar wind mixes with gasses in the air
at the South Pole. Between 20022005,scientists discovered 76 sponge
species in the seas off Antarctica. Almost all of Antarctica is permanently
covered with an ice cap, so there are a
few plants. The South Pole sits in the
continent of Antarctica.
Animals
The rock hopper penguin will slap
you and bite you if you try to touch it.
Emperor penguins are the only warmblooded animal that spend winter in
Antarctica . Krill are penguins favorite food. Krill live in Antarctica in the
water they are krill are pink and are a
tiny shell fish like animal. Emperor
penguins are the fastest swimmers and
are the tallest penguin in the world
they are 4 feet tall.
History
Sir Doglegs Mason was an Australian Antarctica explorer and geologist. Until 1996 Sir Douglas Mawson
appeared on the Australian 100 dollar bill. Between 1907 and 1931 Mason Claimed millions of Antarctica territory for Australia. .
22
People
Geography
About 25,000 tourists visit Antarctica each year. They are only
allowed to visit in November and
March. On the other hand, as more
people visit the risks of the environment getting damaged increase.
Tourism allows people to experience the importance of Antarctica.
People should visit Antarctica to
learn how to protect this special
environment.
About ninety-eight percent of Antarctica is
covered by an ice sheet. Antarctica has two
seas, Ross and Weddle seas. The eastern part
of the land is longer and mostly above sea
level. It is 770 miles from the tip of the Antarctic peninsula. The transatlantic mountains
divide the content into east greater and west
lesser Antarctica. In 2000, an ice berg the size
of France broke off Ross ice shelf. It was
called b-15. It was a huge piece of ice .
Environment
Climate
The polar regions are some of the last areas of wilderness in the world. Antarctica
should not be mined because it is one of the
worlds last natural wilderness. Building
roads and houses for the tourists destroy the
wild life habits and icepacks. In winter sea ice
freezes. These ice pads often trap ships. Any
minerals in Antarctica , such as coal or gas
are buried miles under the thick ice sheet.
The winter temperature at the
south pole is - 76 F. in 1983.
Antarctica is the coldest, driest,
and windiest place in the world.
After sunset at the south pole the
sun will rise in 6 months time. It
has not rained in the Dry Valleys
of Antarctica two million years.
The winter lasts 6 months in Antarctica.
23
By, ShaNiya, Jaylinn and Promise
Antarctica
Animals
Have you ever went to Antarctica?
Antarctica is a continent that surrounds the South Pole. Antarctica
has a variety of wildlife from tiny
krill to seals and whales. There are
no trees in Antarctica. In summer
Antarctica covers about 5 million
square miles. Every winter when sea
ice forms around its coats Antarctica
doubles in size. This is one million
square miles larger than the U.S.A.
Do you know about the animals in Antarctica? Penguins, seals and whales have a
thick layer of fat called blubber that keeps
them warm. Many polar animals have
thick fur or blubber so they don't get cold.
Some fish have special blood that stops
them from freezing. Spring comes in late
September south of the equator. This is
when most penguins move onto land to
start families. They build nests in huge
nesting areas called rookeries.
Resources
Antarctica by Susan Mansfield
Polar Animals by Susan Mansfield
Polar Explorers by Susan Mansfield
Penguins by Kira Freed
Polar Regions on earth by Elizabeth Austin
24
History
Geography
Antarctica is the only place in the world that
does not belong to one country. In the early
1900s, Argentina, Australia, Chile, France,
Britain, New Zealand, and Norway all
wanted parts of towns in Antarctica. Antarctica was once part of Gandwana. Between
2002-2005 scientists discover 76 sponge species in the seas off Antarctica. In 1959, these
countries signed the Antarctica Treaty, so
they all could use and look after Antarctica.
Together six other countries also signed the
treaty–Belgium, Japan, South, Africa, the
USA and USSR.
Antarctica is one of the polar regains that include the highest, driest, coldest, and windiest land on
Earth. There are places on Erath
where the ice never melts. About
98% of covered by an ice sheet.
The Transantarticitic Mountains
divide the continent into east
(Greater) and west (Lesser) Antarctica. Antarctica has 2 seas—the Ross and Weddell seas.
People
Climate
About 25,000 tourists visit Antarctica
each year. Robert Scott was a British
naval officer and Antarctica explorer.
He also explored the Ross Ice Shelf,
and took the first hot air balloon flight
in Antarctica. When Scott reached the
south pole on January 4,1912, he was
distressed to find a man had arrived
over a month before. James Clark Ross
was a British polar explorer.
Antarctica is a icy cold continent that
surrounds the South Pole. Antarctica is
a desert because it is low on rainfall.
There are two main seasons in Antarctica, winter and summer. When it
snows, winds come up to 190 m.p.h.
Bad snow storms are called white outs.
In the summer, the sun shines for 24
hours a day, but the temperature usually stays below 34*f.
25
Introduction
Between 2003-2005 scientists
discovered 76 sponge species in the seas
in Antarctica. Antarctica is the only
place in the world that does not belong
to any country. The oldest Antarctica ice
core ever drilled contained snow and soil
from 740,000 years ago. The ice core was
two miles long. In 2000, an iceberg the
size of France broke off the Ross ice shelf.
It was called B-15.
People
These are some of the people that
visited Antarctica. Some scientists live in
Antarctica to discover new things. If you
ever build buildings, roads or houses in
Antarctica you will be destroying animals’ homes. A lot of people do not live in
Antarctica because it is freezing cold.
Scientists think that some of Antarctica’s
rocks have been folded because they look
strange. About 25,000 people visit Antarctica to discover what is new. These
were some of the people that visited Antarctica.
Geography
This is what we learned about geography in Antarctica. About 98 percent of Antarctica is covered in a ice
sheet . Antarctica is near the south pole.
Mountains divide the continent into east
greater and west lesser Antarctica. Antarctica has two seas the Ross and Weddell seas . In Antarctica the land is colder
than the water.
26
ANTARCTICA
By Helen, Vanessa, and Angelina
Sources
Polar Explorers by Susan Mansfield
Antarctica by Susan Mansfield
Polar regions of the earth by Elizabeth Austin
Penguins by Kyra Freed
National Geographic
Polar Animals by Susan Mansfield
Animals
These are interesting facts about animals that live in Antarctica. Penguins live in
Antarctica because it is very cold and there is
food. Penguins are meat eaters they eat fish
squid and 85 kinds of krill. Penguins live in
Antarctica and they also can’t fly. Krill live in
Antarctica’s Ocean but they have to be careful so that other animals don’t eat them. These
were the interesting fact about the animals in
Antarctica.
Climate
This is what we learned about the
climate in Antarctica. A lot of strong
winds, called katabatics, blast Antarctica at speeds up to 190 mph. There are
two main seasons in Antarctica. Winter
lasts for six months and parts of Antarctica are in total darkness. The wind ,
snow and icy temperature often cause
blizzards. In the summer the sun shines
for 24 hours a day but the temperature
usually stays bellow 34 °F. Antarctica is
a desert because of its low rainfall. It get
less than two inches each year. The Sahara desert in Africa receives more
rainfall then this.
History
This is the history of Antarctica. In the
history of Antarctica it was once part of
Gwandana. The heavy layers of snow
were slowly pressed into ice. The temperature in Antarctica got colder everywhere and the trees disappeared and
it became covered in snow. This was the
history of Antarctica.
Environment
These are the Interesting facts we
learned about Antarctica’s environment . Antarctica has rocks the size of
cars. Antarctica is about four million
years old ! There are caves in the snow of
Antarctica. Coal has been found in the
mountains of Antarctica. In winter sea
ice freezes and some ships get stuck.
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DINOSAURS ARE COOL!!! By Khareah
Dinosaurs lived on Earth 165 million years ago. The world they lived in was very different from ours,
it was warm and wet. None of the dinosaurs knew what or who a person was because people didn’t live in
their world.
Tyrannosaurus was the scariest and it was a hunter. It also had big and sharp teeth. It had the sharpest
teeth ever. The biggest carnivore is T.rex and it is humongous.
The earliest dinosaurs were meat eaters too. The animals that eat meat are carnivores. Some carnivores lived alone. They also hunted other dinosaurs and they scared them away from their food too. Some
hunted in groups.
Most dinosaurs were plant eaters. Animals and dinosaurs that eat plants are called herbivores. The
biggest herbivore was the Diplodocus. There were also big ones and little ones too. The dinosaurs that were
herbivores ate huge amounts of food and they liked to eat together. A large herbivorous dinosaur spent all day
eating. An Apatosaurus ate hundreds of pounds of food every day. Many of the dinosaurs swallowed stones.
The stones stayed in their stomachs because it helped grind the tough leaves that the dinosaurs ate.
Dinosaurs are interesting are interesting because there are a lot of things about them. Dinosaurs could
eat stones! Dinosaurs could eat plants and they could eat lots of meats. That’s cool!
Thompson, Lisa. Dinosaurs. Clayton South: Blake. 2008.Ebook.
The Dinosaurs by Torrin
Dinosaurs by Dylan
Did you know that there are many dinosaurs?
The T. Rex had serrated,
cone-shaped teeth were most likely used to pierce
and grip flesh. The T.Rex could eat up to 500pounds
of meat in 1 bite. Ankylosaurus’s distinctive plates
could also be used as weapons. The Brachiosaurus’s
nostrils were on top of its head. The Diplodocus had
one of the smallest of the dinosaur brains. I like
learning about
dinosaurs.
There are many different Dinosaurs. Brontosaurs
have a short tail and a long neck. Pterigon has wings
on its back and they can fly. Spineosauros has spines
on its back. Tritaratop was a dinosaur it had horns on
its head. T-Rex was a dinosaur and it was a hunter.
Stegasaurs was a dinosaur it had spines on its back.
There are many different dinosaurs. When a dinosaur
hatches the egg is hot when it is laid, and it is green.
The egg starts to roll over next it starts pecking on
the egg. Then it’s starting to cheep. And the dinosaur
is born. The dinosaurs died by a meteor. Some
Dinosaurs are were meat eaters or plant eaters.
Dinosaurs are very cool.
Tyannosaurs Rex. National Geographic. Web.
Rohr, Ian. Dinosaur dig. Clayton South: Blake.
2005. Ebook.
Pike, Kate.Dinosaurs. Readingeggs. 2014 Web.
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Dinosaurs by Berdel
Dinosaurs are big and small. There are many kinds of dinosaurs. Some dinosaurs are meat eaters and
some are plant eaters. Dinosaurs are reptiles. Dinosaurs sink into the ground when they die. Their skin
disintegrates and their bones are left behind. When the bones come up from the ground they turn into fossils.
How they do that is by the sand presses them into the dirt. All dinosaurs lay eggs. Some dinosaurs lay green
eggs. There were many kinds of dinosaurs long ago.
Pike, Katy. Dinosaurs. Glebe: Blake. 2014. Ebook.
Fossils. Brain Pop Jr. 1999-2014. Web.
Great Facts About Dinosaurs By: Santana
Some dinosaurs have sharp teeth to tear meat and others have flat teeth to eat leaves. The dinosaurs tooth
fossil can tell what the dinosaur was eating. Dinosaurs that eat leaves are called herbivores and dinosaurs that
eat meat are called carnivores. The velociraptor is a fast hunter but it is no bigger than three feet tall. A
brontosaurus has a long neck so it can reach the leaves on the trees to eat. A brontosaurus stands on its back
legs to reach the taller trees. Many of them swallow stones to help them grind the tough leaves. A
tyrannosaurs was the scariest dinosaur. It was a hunter. There teeth are very sharp and they are as long as a
pencil. Ttyrannosaur had a very good sense of smell and a strong neck. Many dinosaurs attacked other
dinosaurs.
When a dinosaur dies it gets cover with sediment then the soft part slowly decompose. Some dinosaurs freeze
to death and they still have their hair and skin. Most of the dinosaur fossils were found on a hill in Canada.
Every dinosaur is a reptile. No one knows what color a dinosaur is. Some dinosaurs use spikes to defend
their selves. Every dinosaur laid eggs. Tareadaktall is the only dinosaur that has wings and can fly. A
Tareadacktall is a lizard. Those are a lot of great facts about dinosaurs.
Thompson, Lisa. Dinosaurs. Clayton south: Blake. 2008. EBook.
Fossils. Brain pop jr. 1999-2014. Web.
Damairius
Long ago there were Dinosaurs. There were big ones and little ones. Some dinosaurs had
horns on their head. There was this dinosaur called T. rex. It was a carnivore. It eats meat.
Scientists found more than 700 different dinosaur bones. The biggest dinosaur, giganotosaurus,
was so big but it had a brain as big as a banana. Some dinosaurs could fly. Its name was
pterosaurs. It likes to eat fish. Some dinosaurs run fast. Dinosaurs are cool.
Source:
Reading Eggs
29
Dinosaur By Helen
There were more than 900 different kinds of dinosaurs. All dinosaurs lay eggs. Dinosaurs come
from the Greek language it means terrible lizard. Dinosaurs used spikes, horns, claws and armor to
protect themselves.
The environment has to be just right for fossils to form. Fossils are made from rock. When most
dinosaurs die they break down or get eaten before they become fossils. Some fossils form when a living
thing dies and it gets coved with clay and mud soil. A meteor shot Earth when dinosaurs died.
Rohr, Ian. Dinosaur Dig. Clayton South: Blake. 2005. EBook.
Fossils Brain Pop Jr. 1999-2014 Web.
Bones Brain pop Jr.1999-2014 Web.
Dinosaurs by Russell
Dinosaurs are cool because they are giants. Dinosaurs died because of a meteorite hit and wiped them out and made them extinct. Dinosaur fossils are big and they are small. A dinosaur’s brain is about the size of a peanut. At one time dinosaurs used to
rule Africa and the whole world and they were the main predator. The name dinosaur comes from a Greek word which means
massive lizard. Dinosaurs were reptiles that lived millions of years ago. Scientist have found 700 different dinosaurs. Like the
t-rexes and triceratops the T-rex is a carnivore that means they eat meat. Now you have learned about these incredible giants.
Sources:
Pike, Katy. Dinosaurs. Glebe: Blake. 2014. EBook.
Thompson, Lisa. Dinosaurs. Clayton South: Blake.2008.Ebook.
Fossils. Brain Pop J.R. 1999 -2014. Web.
Lawrence
Dinosaurs are cool because they are really big. The name dinosaur comes from Greek which means terrible lizard. From time to
time massive space rocks have hit earth and the most famous is to believe to wipe out the dinosaurs. Scientist has found more than
700 different dinosaurs. T rexes are dinosaurs and they are hunters. Spinosaurus it is a dinosaur and it had spines on his back.
Pteranodon was a dinosaur and it had wings so it was able to fly. The world dinosaurs had lived in was very different from ours it
was very warm and wet most of the time. My favorite big dinosaur is a T rex
Pike, Katy. Dinosaurs. Glebe: Blake. 2014. EBook.
Fossils. Brain pop jr. 1999-2014.web.
How the Earth Works: Asteroid Armageddon Science Channel, 2012 . Full Video.
Discovery Education. Web. 6 May 2014. <http://www.discoveryeducation.com/>.
Head Rush: Fire Sandwich Science Channel, 2010 . Full Video.
Discovery Education. Web. 6 May 2014. <http://www.discoveryeducation.com/>.
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Dinosaurs
By Vanessa
There were more than 900 kinds of dinosaurs. The word dinosaur comes from the Greek language. It means
terrible lizard. Dinosaurs used spikes, horns, claws and armor to protect themselves. A large herbivorous dinosaur spent
all day eating. Tyrannosaurus Rex was one of the largest meat eating dinosaurs that ever lived. All dinosaurs laid eggs.
A baby Apatosaurus weighed about the same as a human baby and the adult 30 tons.
The environment has to be just right for fossils to form. Dinosaur fossils are made of rock. When most dinosaurs
die they break down or get eaten before they become fossils. Some fossils form when a living thing dies and it gets
covered by sediment like mud, clay, sand, and soil. A meteor shot to earth when dinosaurs died.
Rohr, Ian Dinosaur Dig. Clayton south: Blake Educate. 2005. EBook.
Fossils Brain pop Jr 1999 2014. Web
Bones Brain pop Jr 1999 2014. Web
Christian
Dinosaurs are animals that lived over two hundred million years ago. Many scientists think dinosaurs are very
rare. T-Rex is a dinosaur that hunts for food. Dinosaurs ruled the world for 160 million years. 65 million
years ago. Many dinosaurs are strange creatures that lived long ago. Dinosaurs are four legged really big
reptiles. They lived millions of years ago. Would something very old and very dead make you happy?
Pike, Katy. Dinosaurs. Glebe: Blake. 2014. EBook
Fossils. Brain pop Jr. 1999-2014.Web education.com
How the Earth Works: Asteroid Armageddon Science Channel, 2012. Full Video.
Discovery Education. Web. 6 May 2014. <http://www.discoveryeducation.com/>How the Earth Works: Asteroid Armageddon Science Channel, 2012. Full Video. Discovery Education. Web. 6 May
Dinosaurs By: Leah
Did you know that there are 900 different dinosaurs? People find dinosaur fossils. Some people can go and
get dinosaur bones and bring them to the museum so people can see them in the place. Did you know that
dinosaurs are a living thing but they die. You should learn more about dinosaurs.
Source: Reading Eggs
31
By Jacob, Kali, London, Joseph, Angelina, Jaylinn, Promise, Claudia, and Salvador
Introduction
Plates
There are 500 active volcanoes in the world
but only 10 to 20 erupt a year. Volcanoes are all over
the planet. Some volcanoes are in Antarctica, New
Mexico, and Washington State. Earth's crust is made
up of separate pieces, know as tectonic plates. These
plates fit together like a giant jigsaw puzzle. Volcanoes form when these plates interact. Volcanoes can
destroy and create land. Volcanoes build 88% of the
earth. The first volcanoes appeared about 3.5 billon
years ago.
The earth has a surface that is made of many
sheets of rock called tectonic plates. Years ago the
plates were all one. Tectonic plates are giant pieces
of the crust of the earth. A tectonic plate is a giant
piece of rock that is on top of the earth’s mantle.
Plates are a giant puzzle but made of rock. A lot of
plates make continents and ocean floor. There are 15
Tectonic plates. Continental plates are under land and
oceanic plates are in the ocean.
A volcano is a mountain that opens downward to a pool of molten rock below the surface of
the earth. Volcanoes are formed when hot magma
pushes its way through Earth's crust. It is so hot that
rock melts into a liquid called magma. When pressure builds up the molten rock moves up through the
conduit. The conduit works like a pipe that goes up
through the mountain that holds the molten rock as it
moves up. When the chamber fills up it and causes a
volcanic eruption. The lava comes through the vent
of the volcano which is like it’s throat Magma erupts
as lava. Black ash covers the volcano. The lava hardens into rock. When lava meets water it creates
steam, ashes and stone.
People live near volcanoes for a variety of
reasons. They often find nutrient-rich soil for farming in these regions or wonderful hot springs where
they can take relaxing baths.
Earth's crust is made separate pieces, known
as tectonic plates. Some tectonic plates move away
from each other. A divergent boundary is when two
plates move away from each other. A transformed
boundary is when two plates move across each other.
Plates that are moving against each other are called
convergent boundary. Sometimes some plates disappear and a new one will appear.
In some places the edges of the earth’s tectonic plates are cracked and hot melted rock called
magma escapes. When tectonic plates shift sometimes they shift under each other and make a underwater volcano. When the underwater volcano erupts
magma escapes and goes to the surface and goes in
volcanoes forming a magma chamber that will make
a new island.
Ring of Fire
The ring of fire is a line that has a number of
volcanoes. The ring of fire stretches from New Zealand along the eastern edge of Asia, north across the
Aleutian Islands of Alaska, and south along the coast
of north and South America. The ring of fire is composed of over 75% of the world’s active and dormant
volcanoes. The ring of fire is the result of plate tectonics with its movements and collisions.
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Composite Volcano
The Composite volcano is the most explosive
and destructive type of volcano. Composite volcanoes are also called stratovolcanoes. Composite volcanoes are the most common type of volcano. They
are very large and tall mountains with steep sides.
When a Composite volcano erupts it can destroy the
entire mountain top. Also when it explodes it sends a
great deal of smoke, ash and dust high into the air
causing it to rain ash. This volcanic ash is so intense
that it can spread around the entire world. During an
eruption water, mud, rock and lava can race down the
mountain at a rate of 62 MPH. Even though the
Composite volcano is very dangerous and explosive
people still live and build homes near these mountains.
Shield volcanoes
Did you know that shield volcanoes have orange lava? Shield volcanoes get their name from
their gentle smooth mountain slopes in the shape of a
shield. Shield volcanoes have bright orange lava.
Unlike other volcanoes shield volcanoes’ lava flows
like a river. Shield volcanoes hold hot gasses or
steam that sprays from the crater creating a fountain
of lava. When shield volcanoes erupt there are more
gentle explosions but they are still really destructive.
Shield volcanoes are known to destroy roads, homes
and even forests. When shield volcanoes erupt they
erupt for a long time and get bigger while they do it.
Shield volcanoes are interesting because they have
lava fountains.
Cinder Cone
Do you know that cinder cone volcanoes can
erupt at different layers? Cinder volcanoes are the
smallest volcanoes. Cinder cone volcanoes are a very
common kind of volcano because of how small they
are. Once the pressure is released the volcano is done
erupting. When the cinder cone volcano is done
erupting it becomes solid rock. When it erupts it
looks like fireworks. Cinder cone volcanoes don't do
damage when they erupt.
When the Cinder Cone volcano erupts it can
erupt at any or all of their three layers. The central
vent layer is very near the magma chamber, it is the
1st layer. Once it passes the Central vent layer the
magma goes up to the rock fragment layer which is
the 2nd layer. The cinder cone crater or opening is
near the top where the magma would erupt at the 3rd
layer. In the Cinder Cone Volcano each layer must be
opened before the next layer could erupt. Pressure
from the magma makes each of the layers open.
Sources:
http://www.k12.hi.us/~kapunaha/student_projects/volc_blowout/cinder_cone_volcano.htm
"Stratovolcano." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 5 Nov. 2014. Web. 16 May 2014. <http://
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratovolcano>.
Davies, Faith. "Facts About Cinder Cones." eHow. Demand Media, 30 Dec. 2009. Web. 16 May 2014.
<http://www.ehow.com/facts_5816030_cinder-cones.html>.
"Ring of Fire - Pacific Ring of Fire." About.com Geography. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 May 2014. <http://
geography.about.com/cs/earthquakes/a/ringoffire.htm>.
"Ring of Fire." - National Geographic Education. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 May 2014. <http://
education.nationalgeographic.com/education/encyclopedia/ring-fire/?ar_a=1>.
Wikipedia contributors. "Ring of Fire." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 16 May. 2014. Web. 16 May. 2014.
Harryman, William. Plate Tectonics. : Reading A-Z. com, . Print.
Austin, Elizabeth. Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Tsunamis: Reading A-Z.com. Print.
Garofano, Chuck. Volcanoes: Reading A-Z.com. Print.
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