docTraffic Calming: Evidence for Action
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Traffic Calming: Evidence for Action
Direction de santé publique Traffic Calming Evidence for Action Patrick Morency M.D, M. Sc., Louis Drouin, M.D., M.P.H., Urban Environment and Health Sector Journée annuelle de santé publique November 2008 Evidence… … and a public health perspective Transportation system Health Air quality Cardio-respiratory diseases, asthma Climate change, heat islands Cardio-respiratory mortality and morbidity Road safety Road injuries Walking and cycling Physical activity Overweight and obesity Diabetes Mobility, accessibility Exclusion Evolution of deaths and injuries (Quebec: 1995-2005) 60000 1000 Décès Deaths All victims Ensemble des victimes 900 55000 800 50000 700 45000 600 500 40000 1995 Source : Bilans annuels de la SAAQ. 2005 1995 2005 Evidence… … on effective strategies Prioritize environmental strategies Person Precollision During collision Postcollision Vehicle Environment Source: D. Burden, Walkable communities inc. Traffic calming 40 years of demonstrated effectiveness Examples of layouts that reduce neighbourhood traffic problems Median barriers: on a major street prevent left turn entries to the neighbourhood or traffic on a local street from crossing from one neighbourhood to another; pedestrians a protected area. Circle: in the middle of an intersection provides a visual impression of street discontinuity and compels vehicles to go around it, which reduces speed. Cul de sac: prevents entries to or exits from the neighbourhood. Chokers: narrow the street, slow traffic, prevent motorists from parking near the intersection, and increase the visibility and safety of pedestrians. Channel: forces right turns and prevents through traffic. Protective measures No right turn signs: prevent use of shortcuts and through traffic. Children and adults With every use Semi‐diverters: prevent traffic from entering the neighbourhood but permit exits. Diverters: force all traffic to turn at the intersection. Long term One‐way streets: prevent cars from entering but allow exits from the neighbourhood. Adapted from D.T. Smith, D. Appleyard et al. (1980), and the Transportation Association of Canada (2001), and taken from Urban Transportation, a Question of Health: 2006 Annual Report on the Health of the Population (Agence de la santé et des services sociaux de Montréal, 2006). http://www.santepub‐mtl.qc.ca/Publication/rapportannuel/2006/annualreport2006.pdf Evidence… Localization of accidents Only a few particularly “dangerous” Localisation des "points noirs" sites? (1999-2003) pour les piétons blessés* (1999-2003) Intersections where 8 or more pedestrians wereou injured Intersections comptant 8 piétons blessés plus(37) (37) Réseau routier Road network 0 2 045 4 090 Mètres • Victims of road collisions that required *the Victimes d'une collision routière ayant entraînée intervention of Urgences-santé. une intervention d'Urgences-santé. Projection: NAD83, MTM zone 8 Sources: Ville de Montréal; Urgences-santé Prod. cartographique: MS Cloutier, 2004 © Direction de santé publique de Montréal Injured pedestrians: of different sites! Localisation de l'ensemblethousands des piétons blessés* (1999-2003) 1999-2003: 5,082 ambulance interventions Intersections 8 or morepiétons pedestrians were injured (37) Sites unwhere ontinjured été blessés Sites où where 1ou or plusieurs more pedestrians were Réseau routier Road network 0 2 075 4 150 Mètres • Victims of road collisions that required *the Victimes d'une collision routière ayant entraînée intervention of Urgences-santé. une intervention d'Urgences-santé. Projection: NAD83, MTM zone 8 Sources: Ville de Montréal; Urgences-santé Prod. cartographique: MS Cloutier, 2004 © Direction de santé publique de Montréal Evidence… The measure of exposure (the dose determines the poison) The number of road injuries increases with the volume of traffic 5000 Nombre Numberde of blessés injured Ville-Marie 4000 Villeray / St-Michel Mercier / Hochelaga Ahuntsic / Cartierville 3000 CDN / NDG 2000 Rosemont / Petite-Patrie Plateau Saint-Laurent 1000 0 0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1000000 1200000 1400000 Volume de circulation automobile (Véhicules - km ) Volume of automobile traffic (Vehicles – km) Source : P Morency, MS Cloutier, Urgences-santé 1999-2003; C. Morency. Enquête O-D 1998. Number of pedestrians injured Pedestrians injured at intersections according to traffic flow Daily flow of vehicles Analyse: P. Morency, C. Plante, M. Fournier. Direction de santé publique de Montréal. Number of pedestrians injured, according to volume of vehicles and pedestrians (524 Intersections; Montreal) No. pedestrians injured 4 3 2 1 élevé high moyen medium faible low 0 faible low moyen medium Traffic flow élevé Volume of pedestrians Data: Ville de Montréal. Analysis: P. Morency, Direction de santé publique de Montréal. Evidence… Layouts that increase or decrease risk? “Arteries” Photo: S. Miaux Distribution of injured pedestrians according to type of road (Montreal,1999-2003) NSP Local road Main artery Collector street Secondary artery * Morency P, Cloutier MSC; Source: Urgences-santé. Arteries pose a greater risk Average number of pedestrians wounded (17,770 intersections, Montreal) Arteries only Artery and local road Local roads only Traffic volume Source: P. Morency (Urgences-santé 1999-2003); C. Morency (Enquête O-D 1998) Objectives for change ¾ Slow down road development ¾ Adequately fund public transportation ¾ Systematically implement traffic calming measures ¾ Install safety facilities for pedestrians and cyclists ¾Reorganize neighbourhoods (nearby services) Challenges Shift from passive transportation (dependence on automobiles) to active transportation Shift from a sectoral approach (transportation) to an intersectoral approach urban planning transportation public health Means (e.g. the Ottawa Charter) Promote public policies (take policy positions) Mobilize communities Transfer knowledge Reorient health services Policy positions Participate in public debate • • • • • • • • Modernization of Notre-Dame Street (2002), A-25 Improvement of Montreal-South Shore transportation Pedestrian charter, revision of arterial network Transportation plan CHUM, UdeM in Outremont Acts 42 and 55 (Parliamentary commission) Bill C-30 (federal) Organization of Forum Transport, aménagement et santé (transportation, planning and health forum) • Reconstruction of the Turcot exchange Public policies: Notices to BAPE Towards a comprehensive approach to road safety Paper produced by the Agence de la santé et des services sociaux de Montréal Prepared by the Direction de santé publique on bills 42 and 55 and submitted to the Committee on Transportation and the Environment December 5, 2007 Mobilization of communities Source: D. Sorel Pavement marking Source: D. Sorel Sidewalk enlargement Source: D. Sorel Source: D. Sorel Knowledge transfer 3. Communications • • • • Scientific Mainstream media Local newspapers Conferences/workshops Urban Transportation, a Question of Health 2006 Annual Report on the Health of the Population http://www.santepubmtl.qc.ca/Publication/rapportannuel/2006/annualreport2006.pdf 2005 2008 Reorient health services Prioritize local public health action plan (CSSS) ALLEGO Influence local public policies (boroughs) END
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