Hartford Courant article - Central Connecticut State University

Publication Date: 04/10/2011
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SUNDAY, APRIL 10, 2011
A Civil Divide
STAMFORD
Boehner:
Balanced
Budget
Is Goal
State Staunchly Pro-Union, Split On Slavery, Race
THE CIVIL WAR:
1861-1865
By DAVID DRURY
Special to The Courant
T
he shell from the Confederate mortar, its red fuse glowing “like the wings of a
firefly,’’ according to one observer, hung briefly before beginning
its descent and exploding directly over
Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor.
That first shot, at 4:30 a.m. on April
12, 1861, ignited the greatest, most
decisive war in American history. By
the time the guns fell silent four years
later, slavery was abolished, the national union was preserved and a
staggering 620,000 men had died.
The Civil War left an indelible mark
on America’s soul. Its pivotal place in
CONNECTICUT & THE WAR
BETWEEN THE STATES
OPINION: John Brown, Harriet
Beecher Stowe and war. Page C1
TRAVEL: From Civil War to civil
rights in Mississippi. Page F1
ONLINE: Find more photos, reader
submissions, events and more at
courant.com/civilwar
the nation’s history is beyond dispute.
“Modern America as we know it
was born in 1865,’’ said James I. “Bud”
Robertson Jr., one of the country’s
most esteemed historians of a conflict
that remains enveloped in myth and
misunderstanding, not just in the
defeated South, but in the North, even
after 150 years and the passage of
several generations.
Connecticut — where the outbreak
of the war will be commemorated by
the ceremonial firing of cannons Tuesday on the north lawn of the state
Capitol — is no exception.
The contribution the state made to
the Union’s victory was immeasur-
House Speaker Tells
GOP Deal Is First Step
By CHRISTOPHER KEATING
[email protected]
STAMFORD — U.S. House Speaker John
Boehner, in the thick of a weeklong fight
during White House budget talks, played a
key role in the last-minute compromise
Friday night that avoided a federal government shutdown.
Then, with about three hours’ sleep,
Boehner flew to Connecticut
on Saturday to rally Republicans at the 33rd annual
Prescott Bush Awards Dinner — the biggest annual
fundraiser for the Connecticut Republican Party.
Boehner told the crowd of
about 550 Republicans that
Boehner
he always believed the shutdown would never happen.
“The goal is not to shut down the
government,” he said. “The goal is to cut
spending in Washington, D.C.”
During an evening speech that lasted less
than 20 minutes, Boehner talked about the
behind-the-scenes negotiations at the
White House among Republicans, legisla-
A CIVIL , A4
BOEHNER, A12
In Greenwich, The Land
Of Porsches And Jaguars:
No Love
For Luxury
Car Tax
PHOTO COURTESY OF THE CONNECTICUT STATE LIBRARY
‘CAST IRON’ JACKSON’S MORTAR
By CHRISTOPHER KEATING
[email protected]
More than 55,000 Connecticut men — 12 percent of the state’s population — fought in the Civil
War, among them Lt. Lewis “Cast Iron” Jackson, shown at right, who commanded the 1st
Connecticut Volunteer Heavy Artillery. The company fired a 13-inch seacoast mortar mounted on
a rail car that came to be known as the Petersburg Express. Above, Jackson leans against the
mortar during the siege of Petersburg, Va., which lasted from June 1864 to March 1865. In
1902, a monument was dedicated at the state Capitol that included the same type of
mortar. Below, he writes of plans for the photograph.
In a small state with 10 billionaires and
thousands of millionaires, Connecticut is
the land of the luxury car.
And Greenwich is ground zero.
While some in Connecticut’s middle
class struggle to earn an annual salary of
$50,000, it is not unusual for a Greenwich
MALLOY PLAN
Excerpts From Letter To His Sister From Lewis “Cast Iron” Jackson
resident to buy a car worth more than that.
Up and down Greenwich Avenue, the main
retail street, shoppers can spot the most
expensive luxury cars in the nation. Public
records in the assessor’s office show that
Greenwich has 2,373 cars valued at more
than $50,000 each.
As such, local car dealers and some
Greenwich residents are quite concerned
about Gov. Dannel P. Malloy’s budgetbalancing proposal to impose an additional
3 percent “luxury tax” on the sale of all cars
To: Mrs. Barzilla Thresher, Hartford, Conn.
Thirteen-inch Mortar Battery, Pitkin Station, Va. . August 19th 1864
Dear Sister: … We have got a large platform car that is all iron clad to keep off the bullets of the Sharp shooters. On
this we haul our 13-inch mortar which weighs over 22 tons. Behind this we have another iron clad car for the
ammunition. And one for my 26 men to live in.
The shells that I am firing now are 13 inches in diameter and weigh 194 pounds each. We put 7½ pounds of powder in the
Shell and 10 pounds of lead bullets so you can judge what kind of a projectile it would be to hit a man in the head with.
I am going to have a Photograph taken of the Rail Road Battery, or Land Gun Boat, as the Soldiers call it. If we get
some pictures I will send you one.
Excerpted from original letter in Connecticut state archives. Typescript by Dean Nelson, March 2011
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You will find Home & Real Estate in a
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Voice From The Past
The Easter greeting that arrived last
month at a Cromwell woman’s
home from her grandfather in
Greece was a bit of a shock: It
was dated April 20, 1965.
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The actor’s limp “Violent Torpedo of
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A4
SUNDAY, APRIL 10, 2011
THE HARTFORD COURANT
THE CIVIL WAR: 1861-1865
CONNECTICUT & THE WAR BETWEEN THE STATES
CONNECTICUT GROUPS PLAN EVENTS
TO MARK 150TH ANNIVERSARY OF START OF CIVIL WAR
The Connecticut Civil War Commemoration Commission and many
other groups are planning numerous
events to commemorate the 150th
anniversary of the U.S. Civil War.
observances and activities at CCSU
will mark the official start of the state
commission’s commemoration.
Opening ceremonies start at 10 a.m.
Apri. 16. There will be exhibits and
demonstrations at CCSU and at
Stanley Quarter Park, New Britain. For
the full schedule, go to
ccsu.edu/civilwar.
Some upcoming events:
t Tuesday, 8 a.m.: Twelve cannons
will be fired on the north lawn of the
state Capitol, marking the start of the
Civil War with the Confederate attack
on Fort Sumter, S.C. At noon,
Professor Matthew Warshauer of
Central Connecticut State University
will speak at the Old State House
about the state’s role in the Civil War.
t Friday: CCSU, the Association for
the Study of Connecticut History, and
the Connecticut Humanities Council
plan a daylong “Connecticut in the
Civil War” conference at the
university. Registration is required.
t April 16, 17: Weekend-long
t Monuments: There are scores of
Civil War monuments around the
state. To see a list and learn more, go
to chs.org/finding_aides/
ransom/introd.htm.
JOHN WOIKE | [email protected]
THE NAMES of New Britain men who died in the Civil War are etched into the
stonework of the Soldiers’ Monument in Central Park on the city’s Main Street.
More than 55,000 Connecticut men, about 12 percent of the state’s population,
fought in the Civil War.
t History: Professor Matthew
Warshauer of CCSU has written a new
book, the first in-depth look at
Connecticut’s role in the Civil War
published in 46 years: “Connecticut in
the American Civil War: Slavery,
Sacrifice & Survival” (Wesleyan
University Press).
A CIVIL WAR DIVIDE
Continued from Page A1
able. About 55,000 men, 12 percent of the state’s population,
served in the war and 5,354 of
them perished.
Connecticut factories and
shipyards supplied the Union’s
armies and navy with huge
quantities of guns, ammunition and materiel, while the
state’s wives, sisters and mothers took the lead in the care and
provisioning of its troops.
More than 130 war monuments and memorials across
the state attest to the wartime
sacrifice and dedication of
Connecticut citizens.
It’s a stirring narrative, to be
sure, but one that glosses over
some rather unpleasant realities.
Striking
Contradictions
While
Connecticut
was
staunchly pro-Union and its
residents largely opposed to
the spread of slavery, it was
also virulently anti-black —
the “Georgia of New England,’’
in the words of Massachusetts
abolitionist William Lloyd
Garrison — and home to an
active, vociferous peace movement that came perilously
close in the spring of 1863 to
toppling the Republican state
administration.
In 1864, fueled by a string of
Union successes, President
Abraham Lincoln was re-elected in a landslide, yet squeaked
by in Connecticut, his 2,405vote margin of victory secured
by a change in the state’s
constitution that extended voting rights to soldiers serving in
the field.
In October 1865, just months
after the guns had been stilled,
Connecticut voters soundly rejected a state constitutional
amendment that would have
given blacks the right to vote.
These striking contradictions about how and why Connecticut fought the war and
their legacy are examined in
“Connecticut in the American
Civil War: Slavery, Sacrifice &
Survival” (Wesleyan University Press, 2011), the first indepth look at the state’s Civil
War experience published in 46
years.
The book’s author, Matthew
Warshauer, a history professor
at Central Connecticut State
University, said residents today would be surprised to
learn of “the intense anti-black
racism that existed and that
Connecticut didn’t line up”
and fully support the war effort.
A co-chairman of the Connecticut Civil War Commemoration
Commission,
Warshauer, like other historians of
the period, believes that the
war’s 150th anniversary provides an opportunity for a
fresh, more balanced and nuanced look at the conflict. It’s a
chance, he said, to examine
what it resolved — the end of
slavery and the claimed right
of state secession — and what it
did not — racial and political
equality and the limits of federal power, topics that are still
hotly contested today.
“History is about understanding the themes that extend across generations,’’ Warshauer said.
“And The War Came’’
On April 15, 1861, in response
to the attack on Fort Sumter,
Lincoln asked for 75,000 troops
JOHN WOIKE | [email protected]
MATT WARSHAUER, a Central Connecticut State University professor, has written a new book on Connecticut’s role in the Civil War. He is
shown a the Soldiers’ Memorial in downtown New Britain, which honors that city’s residents who died during the war.
to help put down the rebellion.
Connecticut’s governor, William A. Buckingham, a Republican, immediately called for
volunteers. Within days, the 1st
Regiment of the Connecticut
Volunteer Infantry was formed
in Hartford and the 2nd Connecticut Volunteer Infantry
Regiment was mustered in
New Haven a few days later.
They were the first in what
grew to a total of 30 infantry
regiments, including the 29th
Colored Volunteers, artillery
and cavalry units that the state
supplied to the Union armies.
Nearly half — 47 percent — of
Connecticut males between
the ages of 15 and 50 served in
the war.
The men left family farms
and factories and gave up comfortable professions to take up
arms against a rebellion that
had erupted in places most of
them had never been.
Why did they do it?
The traditional answer — to
preserve the Union — fails to
convey the passion and depth
of feeling that animated those
alive during the 1840s and
1850s, when the issue of slavery
dominated national politics.
Northern states, reliant on
ANCESTORS IN THE CIVIL WAR
Filling Out Family Trees
150th Anniversary Likely To Spur More Searches
By DAVID DRURY
A
Special to The Courant
ctor Matthew Broderick learned
about an ancestor who served with
a Connecticut regiment and died
fighting with Gen. Sherman outside Atlanta.
Musician Lionel Richie discovered a greatgrandfather who, born a slave, became a prominent civic leader in the post-war African
American community in Tennessee.
They are two of the celebrities who have
appeared on the NBC genealogy show “Who
Do You Think You Are” who successfully
traced Civil War-era ancestors with the help of
online research tools.
Digital record-keeping has revolutionized
genealogical research and broadened its accessibility through the Internet. The 150th anniversary of the Civil War is expected to further
boost its popularity as people seek information
about their ancestors.
Anastasia Harmon, lead family historian for
the online genealogical service ancestry.com,
said the site is based on building one’s family
tree. After filling in names or partial names of
parents, grandparents and other known relatives, links are then established to official
records, usually beginning with the 1930 U.S.
Census, the most recent one publicly available.
Culling information such as names of household members, places of birth, occupations
and birthplaces of parents allows the searcher
to obtain links to prior census and other public
records, eventually progressing back to Civil
War-era military service and pension records,
regimental musters, pay records and roll calls.
“People are amazed on how much they can
find and how far they can go back. The census
is a key cog to the search,” Harmon explained.
Ancestry.com can search about 6 billion
records. A user can establish a family tree for
free, then pays a subscription of $12.99 a month
for the search function. Beginning April 7,
visitors will be able to search the site’s Civil
War records free for one week, said Sean Pate,
public relations director for ancestry.com.
History educator Carolyn Ivanoff, an assistant principal at Shelton Intermediate School
who is developing a Web-based program on
Connecticut during the Civil War, said she also
recommends using the American Civil War
Research Database (civilwardata.com), a subscription service with access to the servicerelated records of more than 4 million Union
and Confederate soldiers.
Other valuable genealogical research tools,
she said, include the National Park Service
Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System, with an
index of 6.3 million soldiers; the National
Archives, where original Union and Confederate service and pension records are maintained and accessible by online request; and
searchable databases of contemporary state
newspapers for obituary information.
free labor and with a highly
visible abolition movement,
growing industrial might and
expanding financial and mercantile interests, believed that
the country was being held
hostage by “the slave power’’ —
Southern plantation owners
who viewed slave labor as a
right protected under the U.S.
Constitution that could be extended anywhere legitimately.
The tie that bound these
competing, contrasting economic systems was the production of slave-dependent cotton,
“and both the South and the
North became seduced by its
economic power and turned
away from a morality that they
knew was challenged and troubling,” Warshauer said.
Those fighting for the Union
cause believed that slaveholding secessionists “sought to
undo the work of the founding
generation by dismantling a
government that afforded
white citizens wide economic
and political opportunities and
stood as a democratic example
to the world,’’ concluded Gary
W. Gallagher, the John L. Nau
III Professor in the History of
American Civil War at the
University of Virginia.
Slavery had ended in Connecticut just 13 years before the
state marched to war. Free
blacks accounted for but 8,227
of the state’s 460,147 residents,
according to the 1860 Census,
and a rising tide of European
immigrants, principally from
Ireland and Germany, had
swelled its labor force. The
abolition movement, by comparison with neighboring Massachusetts, remained modest.
Beginning with the First
Battle of Bull Run, in July 1861,
Connecticut troops saw action
in all the theaters of the conflict and participated in its
most ferocious battles, notably
Antietam,
Fredericksburg,
Vicksburg, Gettysburg, Cold
Harbor and the Seven Days.
STATE, A5
Publication Date: 04/10/2011
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THE HARTFORD COURANT
THE CIVIL WAR: 1861-1865
SUNDAY, APRIL 10, 2011
A5
CONNECTICUT & THE WAR BETWEEN THE STATES
“Young people may not be confident
they can change things. But society can be changed. You go from the Emancipation Proclamation
to the election of Barack Obama.”
Booker DeVaughn, co-chairman, Connecticut Civil War Commemoration Commission
State
Continued from Page A4
On the home front, Connecticut women organized groups
to produce uniforms, knapsacks, flags, bandages and
other essentials. A network of
70 local aid societies under the
direction of the Hartford Soldiers Aid Society tended to the
physical, medical and emotional needs of the state’s
troops.
Mystic shipyards built ships
for the Union blockade and
Connecticut was transformed,
in Warshauer’s phrase, into “a
virtual arsenal unto itself,’’
with well-known gunmakers
like Colt, Eli Whitney Jr.,
Sharps and Savage Arms producing rifles and revolvers;
Hazard Powder Co. manufacturing gun powder; and the
Collins Co. churning out bayonets and cutting tools.
War Opposition
Not everyone was swept up
in the patriotic wave.
From the onset, there were
Connecticut citizens opposed
to war with the Confederacy.
Peace flags flew around the
state and in June 1861, a near
riot erupted in Goshen after
one resident raised the secession banner.
The peace wing of the state
Democratic Party found its
champion in Thomas H. Seymour, a Mexican War hero who
in April 1863 challenged Gov.
Buckingham in a bitter, highly
contested campaign.
By that time, the Emancipation Proclamation had taken
effect, ending slavery in the
Confederate states, and Connecticut’s highly partisan
newspapers provided the forum to debate the war’s proper
aims: restoring the union as it
existed in 1860 or ending slavery.
Impassioned pleas were published from soldiers in the field
and key furloughs allowed
some units to return home to
vote, swinging the election in
Buckingham’s favor. Connecticut soldiers fully understood
that emancipation deprived
the Confederacy of the forced
labor it needed to restock its
depleted white military.
One soldier, Fred Lucas of
the 19th Connecticut Volunteer
Infantry, explained in a letter
to his mother his anger at
Seymour and his supporters:
“We can have some little
respect for an armed traitor in
the enemy’s rank, but for those
who sympathise with treason
at home we have none but for
them we have the greatest and
deepest disgust.”
The vitriol of Connecticut
Democrats over emancipation
and black equality reached a
fever pitch in the 1864 campaign. “The core of the Democratic message was racially
motivated, in the hope that the
continued ridicule of blacks
and abolitionists would successfully sway white voters,’’
concluded Warshauer.
The strategy failed. Lincoln
was re-elected, and the war
ended six months later.
The War
Remembered
ALEXANDER GARDNER PHOTO | HANDOUT
Lia Hyundai
of Hartford
ONLY
AT
IN 1862, President Abraham Lincoln, center, Maj. Gen. John A.
McClernand and detective Allan Pinkerton are shown in Antietam, Md.
The Connecticut Civil War
Commemoration Commission,
created by executive order last
September, is one of more than
20 state commissions or committees formed to recognize
the war’s 150th anniversary.
Unlike the Civil War Centennial of the 1960s, there is no
national commission, so individual states are left to decide
how much — or how little — to
devote to the commemoration.
Virginia, home to the Confederate capital and scene of 60
percent of the war’s battles,
occupies one end of the spectrum. The Virginia Sesquicentennial of the American Civil
War Commission has received
a state appropriation of $2
million annually since 2008,
according to its executive director, Cheryl Jackson, and is
currently sponsoring a major
exhibit at the Virginia Historical Society in Richmond
funded by a $950,000 National
Endowment for the Humanities grant.
Connecticut’s commission,
like those in most other states,
operates on a shoestring, with
no direct state support, sub-
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sisting on small donations,
some money from CCSU and
larger grants from the Connecticut Humanities Council
and The Travelers, whose
founder, James Batterson, was
a leading supporter of Lincoln
and Buckingham.
The commission’s mission
— to increase public understanding of the Civil War and
its legacy — comes at a time
when, as Warshauer points
out, the study of history and
social studies “is under siege”
in public schools because of
budget-cutting.
A recent story in Newsweek
magazine, focusing on the public’s ignorance of American
history and government, said
38 percent of 1,000 American
citizens given the U.S. citizenship test failed.
James Robertson, whose lectures on the Civil War at Virginia Tech and on National
Public Radio have riveted generations of students, advises
Connecticut teachers to use
diaries, letters, anecdotes and
human details to bring the
story of the nation’s greatest
trial to life.
“Teach the human aspect of
the war, the emotional aspect of
the war. One of my axioms of a
half-century of college teaching is if you don’t understand
the emotional aspect of the war,
you don’t understand the war,’’
he said.
Booker DeVaughn, the retired president of Three Rivers
Community College and cochairman of the Connecticut
commission, has an avid interest in local and state history.
An African American, he
has served on the board of the
Harriet Beecher Stowe Center,
researched the accomplishments of the 29th Colored Infantry and said that one legacy
of the war is that society can
change for the better.
“How you incorporate black
people, African Americans,
into the life of America has
been an ongoing issue,” he
said.
“We are moving toward a
time when the ideals of the
American Revolution — “we
the people” — really mean all
the people. We continue to
progress. This commemoration recognizes where we were
“Young people may not be
confident they can change
things. But society can be
changed. You go from the
Emancipation Proclamation to
the election of Barack Obama.”
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percentage points if you do not maintain a checking account throughout out the term of your line, resulting
in corresponding variable APRs ranging from 4.74% to 3.24%. Please call for current rates and terms.
There is a $50 annual fee, which is waived for qualified People’s United checking account holders for the
first year only. If you close your account within two (2) years after the date of your Note, you must pay a
prepayment fee of $500. If the Note is secured by property located in the State of New York borrower(s) must
also pay People’s United Bank back the mortgage tax paid by People’s United at the time of the origination
of the Note. If you close your account after the second anniversary of the date of your Note, there will be
no prepayment fee. Existing People’s United Equity Credit Line customers are not eligible for this offer.
Property insurance is required. Flood insurance may be required. Equity Credit Lines are available only for
1-2 family owner-occupied properties and approved condominiums located in Connecticut, Massachusetts,
Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine and Westchester, Rockland, Nassau, Suffolk, Putnam, Dutchess,
Orange, Ulster and Sullivan counties of NY and in the NY City boroughs of Bronx, Kings (Brooklyn), New
York (Manhattan), Queens and Richmond (Staten Island) and are not available on cooperatives or properties
listed for sale. The Equity Credit Line has a minimum line amount of $10,000 and a maximum line amount
$500,000. Other terms and conditions apply. Consult your tax advisor regarding the deductibility of interest.
Offer available on applications received by June 19, 2011. ©2011 People’s United Bank Member FDIC