The Arms Chronicle - Arms of Australia Inn Museum

The Arms Chronicle
No 93
Cnr. Gardenia Ave, Great Western Highway,
Emu Plains, NSW. Australia. Tel 02 4735 4394
Open Monday, Wednesday, Thursday 9am - 2pm
1st & 3rd Sunday 1 - 4pm
September 2016
History Week 2016: Neighbours
3-11 September 2016
The theme of neighbours is crucial to our understanding of the past’s impact on the present. It includes
stories of individuals, families and communities living near one another and links between adjoining suburbs,
regions and countries. As the success of the Australian television program Neighbours shows, the theme has
long been a significant component of popular culture. It shaped imagination and memories, created identities
and was a source of both conflict and friendship.
How important were class, the economy, gender, governments, the media, race, religion and sport in the
formation of ideas regarding neighbours? How have attitudes regarding a nation’s geographic neighbours
determined defence, foreign, immigration, refugee and trade policies? Did new types of communication
and transport from the nineteenth century onwards radically alter how neighbours and neighbourhoods were
perceived? In 2016 History Week focuses on these and other related questions.
History
Revisited
Robyn and Susan above and the family group.
It was a great pleasure to welcome two special
ladies to the Arms of Australia Inn Museum last month.
Sisters Robyn and Susan McDonnell came to the inn
to relive their early childhood.
Together with their two older sisters, who were
actually born in the inn, the family lived in the south
end of the building and the Armstrongs, also with
four children, lived in the north end.
At that time the building, split into two residences,
was owned by Evvy Walker and leased to the two
families.
The sisters were accompanied by members of their
families, and have promised to tell us about living in
the inn at Emu Plains in the 40s and 50s. ed.
History Week talk at Katoomba
A History Week talk at Katoomba Library, Friday 9
September, 2pm, tells a fascinating tale of feuding
neighbours in the fledgling colony.
Historian Jo Henwood introduces John Macarthur,
of Elizabeth Farm in Parramatta, and surgeon John
Harris, of Harris Park, who were not the best of
neighbours.
Macarthur’s ambitions involved harnessing the
compliance of the Rum Corps (and the rest of the
colony) and isolating Governor King. Difficulties arose
when Harris started to support King and became
more complicated when nephew Hannibal (across
the Parramatta River) married into the King family. This
talk explores the machinations and intrigues of the
relationship between these historic neighbours.
A FREE event but you must book in by calling or
visiting any Library branch as places are limited.
For more info phone: 02 4780 5750
Inside
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Charles Darwin’s visit to the Nepean in 1836
A Terrible Beauty – ANZAC Day, Dublin 1916
Mervyn Hunter
Part two of the history of our Minenwerfer
Blue Mountains Historical Society celebrates
70 years
www.armsofaustraliainn.org.au
The Nepean District Historical Society
September 2016
Charles Darwin’s visit to the Nepean in 1836
by Paul Wheeldon
One hundred and eighty years ago Charles Darwin arrived in Sydney aboard the
‘Beagle’. Darwin had intended to travel inland from Sydney, to see ‘the interior’ of
Australia. After only three days in the colony, he had arranged an expedition and
was ready to start. Darwin recorded:
‘I hired a man and 2 horses to take me to Bathurst, a village about 120 miles in
the interior and the centre of a great pastoral district; by this means I hoped to get
a general idea of the country.’
When describing the excursion, Darwin explained:
‘My object was partly for geology, but chiefly to get an idea of the state of the
colony, and see the country …’
It is almost certain that Darwin would have carried an up-to-date map of the
colony, most likely the 1834 map compiled by the explorer, Major T L Mitchell.
Darwin later corresponded with Mitchell on questions concerning the geology of
Photograph of Charles
the Blue Mountains, and other related topics.
Darwin taken around
Whenever Darwin went on an inland expedition, he carried a field notebook. By
1874 by Leonard Darwin.
the time the ‘Beagle’ had reached Sydney, Darwin had filled at least fourteen of
these books. For the trip to Bathurst he started a new one, which he later called the Sydney/Mauritius notebook.
The notebook commences:
‘16th - Saturday. Left Sydney – soon entered country – excellent roads, turnpike.’
After a few hours the travellers had reached Parramatta where they, ‘lunched nice little Public House.’ After
lunch, they continued their ‘Ride on to Emu ferry on the Nepean.’
Darwin passed seventeen public houses and one distillery from Sydney to Parramatta. He was horrified in
seeing the numbers of convicts in chain gangs:
‘The most novel and not very pleasing object are the iron gangs; or
parties of convicts, who have committed some trifling offence in this
country; they are dressed in yellow and grey clothes, and working in
irons on the roads; they are guarded by sentrys (sic) with loaded arms.
– I believe one great means of the early prosperity of these colonies
is government thus being able to send large partys (sic) at once to
make good means of communication nearer the settlers.
‘I slept at night at a very comfortable inn at Emu ferry, which is 35
miles from Sydney and not far from the ascent of the Blue Mountains.’
Although this inn is not identified in either the notebook or diary,
it is almost certainly the Governor Bourke Inn, and according to
the itinerary in the 1835 Calendar, the Governor Bourke Inn offered
‘excellent accommodation’. Darwin encountered about twenty
aboriginal people in this area and encouraged them to demonstrate The Penrith Ferry looking West.
their skills. He found them to be ‘good-humoured and pleasant, and A sketch by Conrad Martens in 1835.
they appeared far from being such utterly degraded beings as they (From his album, Pencil Sketches of
have usually been represented.’
NSW, folio 3. Courtesy of the State
Darwin describes at length the landscape through which he passed: Library, Sydney.)
‘This line of road is of course the best and longest time inhabited
in the colony – The whole land is enclosed with high railings; for the
farmers not having been able to rear hedges. – There are many substantial houses and cottages scattered
about… It is essentially pastoral, and chiefly so for sheep and not the larger animals: the alluvial land near Emu
ferry is some of the best cultivated which I have seen; and certainly the scenery on the banks of the Nepean,
bounded to the west by the Blue Mountains, was pleasing even to the eye of a person thinking of England.
‘17th - Early in the morning we crossed the Nepean in a ferry boat. This river, although at this spot it is both
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The Nepean District Historical Society
broad and deep, has a very small body of moving water.’
According to the 1835 Calendar, the dues payable were 2d. ‘for every foot passenger’, and 6d. for ‘every
horse, mare, gelding, ass or mule, drawing or not drawing’, with double tolls demandable on Sundays’. Since
January 17th was a Sunday, and since Darwin’s party consisted of two men and two horses, the total cost to
Darwin was 2s.8d. The road up the Blue Mountains was Major Mitchell’s new road. Governor Bourke opened
the new road on 22 March 1834. It wound its way up Mitchell’s Pass, crossing the graceful stone bridge,
completed by David Lennox on 28th June 1833 and still in use today.
Darwin’s extensive journey over the Blue Mountains and beyond to Bathurst is another story. In the eight
days since leaving Sydney he and his companion had spent six days on the road, covering approximately 270
kilometres – an average of 45 kilometres a day. All this was accomplished during the middle of an Australian
summer.
‘26th - …Having crossed the wearisome sandstone plain, descended to Emu ferry. A few miles further on, I
met Captain King, who took me to his house of Dunheved.’
The two men had last seen each other on 27th December 1831, when King farewelled the ‘Beagle’ from
Plymouth harbour. Now retired to his farm, King was busy preparing his account of the ‘Beagle’s first surveying
voyage. King had been an enthusiastic collector and observer of natural history during his ‘Beagle’ voyage
and had already published some of his observations. King had presented a copy to his guest, inscribing it,
‘Charles Darwin Esq. from the Author Dunheved Jan 26 1836.’
Darwin by this time was sick of travelling. On the morning of Saturday, 30th January 1836, the ‘Beagle’ set
sail for Hobart.
Darwin gives very strong praise for the colony:
‘You see we are now arrived at Australia: the new continent really is a wonderful place. Ancient Rome may
have boasted of such a colony; it deserves to rank high amongst the 100 wonders of the world, as showing
the giant force of the parent country.’
And yet he would not like to live here:
‘On the whole I do not like New South Wales: it is without doubt an admirable place to accumulate pounds
and shillings; but heaven forfend that ever I should live, where every other man is sure to be somewhere
between a petty rogue and bloodthirsty villain.’
Darwin however did reflect on the peculiarity of Australian flora and fauna, and revealed that his thinking
was challenged by what he saw:
‘I had been lying on a sunny bank and was reflecting on the strange character of the animals of this country
compared to the rest of the world. An unbeliever in every thing beyond his own reason might exclaim, ‘Surely
two distinct Creators must have been at work; their object, however, has been the same, and certainly the
end in each case is complete.’
References:
Abbott, Brian Douglas, Phillip Parker King 1791-1856, a most admirable Australian, Glenburgh Pty Ltd, Armidale NSW, 2012
Frame, Tom, Evolution in the Antipodes, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2009
Murray, Robert and White, Kate, Dharug & Dungaree, Hargreen Publishing Company, North Melbourne, Vic., 1988
Nicholas, F.W. and J.M., Charles Darwin in Australia, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2008
Stacker, Lorraine, Penrith. The Makings of a City, Halstead Press, Ultimo & Gorman House, Braddon, ACT, 2014
Blue Mountains Historical Society celebrates 70 years
The Blue Mountains Historical Society celebrates its 70th anniversary this year,
hosting a ’Get-together Lunch’ for past and present members on September
24th, followed by an ‘Open Weekend’ on October 29-30, when the public
is invited to visit the History Centre in Wentworth Falls. The centre contains
thousands of records of events in the Blue Mountains, historical photographs
and maps.
The cottage, ‘Tarella’ on the site, was owned by the McLaughlin family and Tarella
Beryl McLaughlin bequeathed the cottage and grounds to the BMHS and part
of the existing society’s research centre which she had previously built as a museum.
The property is privately owned by the society and run entirely by volunteers.
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‘A Terrible Beauty’ – ANZAC Day, Dublin 1916
by John Staats.
President, NSW Corps of Marines
1916 marked the inauguration of ‘ANZAC Day’; a remembrance of the anniversary of the Gallipoli landings
of April 25, 1915. As the first ANZAC services were held in communities across Australia and New Zealand, a
handful of ANZACs were experiencing a surreal, tragic and bizarre ‘service’ of a different kind when they
were caught up in the crossfire of the Easter Rising in Dublin, 1916.
It has not gone unobserved the potent parallels between the Irish Easter Rising and the Gallipoli ‘ANZAC
legend’ as national symbols of emerging sense of nationhood for Ireland and Australia respectively. As
Raymond Keogh observes, these national identities have been executed through the ‘hero-figure’. On
April 25, 1916 these two ‘hero figures’ – ‘Aussie Digger’ and ‘Irish Rebel’ collided and their clash provides an
opportunity for sober reflection.
The ‘rebel’ and ‘ANZAC’ hero archetypes share much in common: courage in the face of adversity, the
fight for a cause, a sense of ‘making history’ and a ‘name for themselves’, reckless bravery in the face of
overwhelming odds, ‘glory in defeat’, and stories of comradeship and mateship in tragedy.
What makes the story of ANZAC Day in
Dublin 1916 so poignant is the personal story
of one ‘Aussie Digger’ who, ironically, on the
very anniversary of Gallipoli and at the very
hour of the birth of the Gallipoli legend found
himself ‘serving’ his country, not by fighting
‘the Hun’ or ‘Johnny Turk’, but by shooting
dead an Irish rebel.
The irony goes deeper – the digger himself
was of Irish descent (both his parents were
from County Galway) and he was Catholic.
Rebel barricade, Dublin 1916
Australians in Ireland, Easter 1916
There were upwards of thirty Australian servicemen involved in some manner during the Easter Rising.
Ireland was a popular destination for troops on furlough, AWOL, and deserters. A military uniform bought
free passage on public transport and many Australians looked to make the most of it by travelling to the
furthermost parts of the United Kingdom. Many Australians too, were of Irish descent and a trip to Ireland
was an opportunity to visit the ‘Old Country’. Thus the Easter break of 1916 saw not a few Australians there
sightseeing.
One of thirty Australians drawn into the conflict was Private Mick McHugh of the 9th Battalion AIF. He was
sight-seeing in Dublin when shots rang out. His uniform drew fire from the Irish Rebels who had seized a number
of key positions in the city. Mick, along with two New Zealanders, was hurried to safety in Trinity College. When
it became apparent that they were Gallipoli veterans of some experience, they were armed with rifles found
in the College Cadet Store and positioned in the ideal ‘sniper’s nest’ on the College roof.
Digger Mick McHugh and Rebel Gerald Keogh
In the dawn fog of ANZAC Day 1916, the marksman Mick McHugh did his ‘duty’.
Twenty-year old Gerald Keogh (D Company 4th Battalion Dublin Brigade Irish Volunteers), on direct orders
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September 2016
from rebel leader Patrick Pearse, had been dispatched from
the GPO (from whence Pearse had Proclaimed ‘The Irish
Republic’) with a message for the rebel Countess Markievicz
(whose rebel forces had taken the College of Surgeons).
On his bicycle, Keogh (with two other Irish Volunteer
dispatch riders) passed by Trinity College on Grafton Street
at 4.15 am, en route to Markievicz. Shots rang out from
the roof of Trinity College. One dispatch rider was felled,
wounded, another fled down a side street; Keogh, in the
lead, received the full attention of the snipers. Sources vary,
The same Irish face - McHugh (l) and Keogh,
but young Gerald took up to five bullets; one straight through
in other circumstances they could have
the temple. He was, mercifully, killed instantly.
been ‘brothers’
The killing shot, attributed to the marksman McHugh, was
so clean that it took Keogh clean off his bicycle; his bicycle, riderless, continued down Grafton street, through
the fog, some twenty-five or so metres.
Next month an eyewitness recounts the kill.
Mervyn Hunter
by Rachel Wong
Mervyn and Freda Hunter.
In late 1974 our museum was given some interesting items including the
Minenwerfer by the family of the late Mervyn Hunter of Emu Plains. The
collection was accessioned in 1975.
Mervyn Hunter joined our society in early 1974 and the museum newsletter dated May 1974 reported the sad
news of his death while on holiday in the Solomon Islands.
The Hunter family was well known in the Nepean District and had a long association with our museum
property. Mervyn’s grandparents were James and Sara Hunter. James Hunter was a Cobb & Co driver and
the family came to live in Emu Plains. In 1876, Thomas Ellison (Sara’s father) purchased the Arms of Australia Inn
for his daughter Sara to use as a family home. Mervyn’s father, Norman Augustus Hunter was born here on the
28th Aug 1879. After Thomas Ellison’s death, Sara Hunter and her son James Wentworth inherited the property
in 1905. From 1916 to 1949, the property was owned by Norman Hunter (Mervyn’s father) then the ownership
passed to Evvy Walker (Mervyn’s sister) until it was sold to property developers, Lucas and Tait in 1969.
Mervyn’s parents, Norman Augustus and Eliza known as Ellie (nee Mc Lean) were married in November 1903.
They played a big part in the community life in the Nepean District. They supported St Paul’s Anglican Church
in Emu Plains as well as a number of charities and Christian ministries. In 1953 Norman and Ellie were both
honoured with Coronation Medals.
Hunter Street in Emu Plains is named for Norman Augustus Hunter and his family, as is the Hunter Fields in Emu
Plains. Norman was recognised as a keen cricketer and said to be a fine batsman as well as a good bowler.
In 1968, the N A Hunter Pavilion at Howell Oval, Penrith was named in his honour. Yodalla Avenue, is named
after the Hunter property ‘Yodalla’ at 26-28 Nepean Street, Emu Plains.
Mervyn was born on the 25th August 1910 in Wauchope, NSW. Norman was running a real estate office and
bakery there prior to purchasing ‘Yodalla’ and the family took up residence here in 1914. Norman planted an
extensive citrus orchard at the property as well as owned orchards at Castlereagh.
Mervyn went to Emu Plains Public School, Penrith High School and completed his education at Sydney
Grammar School. He also completed several courses, particularly relating to citrus at the Hawkesbury
Agricultural College. Mervyn was known as a citrus grower and ran his father’s orchards in Emu Plains and
Castlereagh with his brother Norman.
Mervyn had always been interested in sport. He was Captain of the Emu Plains and Nepean District champion
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cricket teams for over 15 years and in the District Tennis teams.
He married Freda Higgins of Penrith on the 27th March 1935. The family home was “Quombatook” at the
corner of Hunter St and River Road, Emu Plains. They had three children – Nancy, Terry and Michael.
Mervyn was a Sunday School teacher then later a Lay Reader at St Paul’s Anglican church in Emu Plains. In
World War II, Mervyn served in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. He was a Lieutenant with the 53rd Battalion,
the 39th Infantry Battalion, the 7th Division Machine Gun Battalion, then OC Carrier Platoon and became
Captain. He continued his role as Lay Reader during the war when the Bishop of Port Moresby granted him the
right to conduct service for his troops.
Mervyn had many interests including the Emu Plains Progress Association, Legacy, and the Masonic Lodge.
The orchards at Castlereagh were gradually sold to sand and gravel companies with the final orchard taken
over by Gravel & Sand Pty Ltd. Mervyn and his brother Norman became directors of the company and his
Solicitor brother-in-law, Brian Lamrock was chairman. Information from the Hunter family said that the gravel
and sand from this company was used in the building of the Sydney Opera House. Later the company was
taken over by Metal and Gravel Ltd.
After his brother Norman moved to Avoca, Mervyn and Norman developed a number of properties
there, including a picture theatre, bakery, ‘Pacific Wonderland’ – a shell shop stocking shells and coral from
Queensland and the Pacific islands, a real estate business, blocks of shops, service station, blocks of flats,
camping and camping area.
Mervyn was on a diving trip in the Solomon Islands when he died from a heart attack on the 5th May 1974.
He was buried there at the Honiara Cemetery.
Part two of the History of our Minenwerfer,
by Kevin Browning, Project Manager Artillery Register, Royal Australian Artillery Historical Company
The light trench mortar, number 28768 is recorded in records held
by the Australian War Memorial as being captured by 19 Battalion
near Warfusee and Framerville. However a check of the 19 battalion
war Diary for August 1918 indicates the weapon is more likely to have
been captured near Warfusee on 8 August 1918 during the opening
phase of the Battle of Amiens. The diary indicates the Battalion
commenced their attack at 4.23 am and at 7.15 am the ‘Companies
were disposed astride Villers-Brettonneux-Warfusee-Abancourt
roads, along line running from P.37.b.25 to P28.b.6.3.’ During this
phase of the attack the battalion casualties were 6 killed and 35
wounded. Captures included approximately 450 prisoners and ‘11
The 76 mm Minenwerfer could be
Trench Mortars with stands’. No further trench mortars are reported
fitted with wheels for movement
for the remainder of the month including fighting near Framerville
between firing positions. The wheels
which occurred around 11 August 1918.
would be removed for firing. Rings
Penrith was allotted a gun and a trench mortar by the War Trophy
were fitted to the base plate to which
Committee. The gun arrived
could be attached straps used as
in April 1921 and the mortar
harness for the soldiers to haul the
in September. It was not until
weapon around. Photo circa 1916/17.
8 July 1922 that they were
unveiled. This function, reported by the Nepean Times on 15 July 1922
(page 5), was conducted by the State Governor, Sir Walter Davidson. The
citizens of Penrith had raised funds and constructed a rotunda on which
were fixed seven tablets bearing the names of the local citizens who The light trench mortar in front of
had served during the war. The Governor was asked to unveil the tablets the Rotunda in Memory Park circa
and declare the rotunda open. The Governor also unveiled the German 1930s. (Penrith City Library JC232)
howitzer trophy gun which the council had installed on a concrete
emplacement to the western side of the reserve. He was then asked to name the reserve and declare it open.
This task was originally to be conducted by the Governor’s wife but due to her being required to represent the
Governor General’s wife was unable to attend. The Governor then said: ‘I declare this place called Memory
Park and open to the use of the people’.
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He went on to say, ‘It was only fitting that the Girls’ Comforts Club, which had played such an honourable
part in the war and in the erection of the memorial, should be assigned some official duty in the afternoon’s
proceedings. For that reason the Memorial Committee had delegated to the club the unveiling of a trench
mortar trophy and the club selected Miss K. Fitch for the duty.’ Like the howitzer, the mortar had been placed
by the council but on the eastern side of the reserve.
During the ceremony the Governor, addressing the assembly said:
‘I do hope you will hold this monument to be the dearest in all Australia to the citizens of Penrith. I charge you,
Mr. Mayor, and your colleagues, and those who come after you, that never shall any of you fail in your duty to
hold in the highest respect the memories of those who proved their manhood for the people of Penrith’.
Unfortunately time did not see the challenge upheld. In March 1973 the rotunda was demolished after its
floor collapsed during repairs and the guns removed when the park was redesigned. They were removed
to the Council Depot from where they were disposed. No information is presently available on the basis of
disposal. The mortar was donated to the Arms of Australia Inn Museum in 1975 by the family of Mervyn Hunter.
Markings on the base of the Minenwerfer show the manufacturer, serial number and date of manufacture.
The Royal Australian Artillery Historical Company continues its search for historic artillery in Australia. The
information will be placed on our website at www.artilleryhistory.org where it will be freely available. Hopefully
the information provided will allow those custodians and visitors to better understand what they have in their
care and encourage them to maintain them for future generations. Our search would not be as successful if it
were not for the information provided by individuals as they tour this fine country of ours.
New Play by Wendy Blaxland and
Daughter Productions
A play about Matilda Fish, who was held up twice by
the same bushranger, William Geary in her house which
stood right where Killara train station stands today, is being
performed at Bush Farm House Eastwood, and Eskbank
House and Museum, Lithgow
Convict William Geary escapes
six times with his gang of desperate
bushrangers. Matilda Fish attempts
to make a new life for herself and
her family on Sydney’s rough North
Shore, and is determined to testify
against the bushrangers.
Performance details:
Brush Farm House, Eastwood Saturday 10th & 22nd
September – 3pm and 6pm
Eskbank House and Museum, Lithgow Saturday 17th
September – 3pm and 6pm
Prices: Ticket prices $20-30 (discounts for families and
groups 8+)
Bookings: www.blaxlandanddaughter.com or there
will be a few tickets available at the venues.
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September 2016
SUNDAY ROSTER
September
Sunday 4
Sunday 18
October
Sunday 2
Sunday 16
November
Sunday 6
Sunday 20
December
Sunday 4
Notice Board
Friday September 2 Saturday 3
Book stalls
Monday September 5
Emu Plains Public School
Thursdsay September 8
Emu Plains Public School 2
Wednesday September 14
Cranebrook Neighbourhood Centre Tour plus D’teas
Saturday September 24
Management meeting 11am
Monthly meeting 1pm
Harry & Bob F
Elsa & Reg
Jan & Joan
Craig & Harry
Bob F & Craig
Tony & Paul
Reg & Elsa
If you can’t make your duty day, please try
to change with somebody who can.
Please remember to sign in the diary in the
meeting room, and write any information in
the diary pertinent to your time on duty. Raffle Prizes
Marie Viviani still needs raffle prizes, so if
you can help in providing some, please call
Marie on 4735 6780, or take them to the inn.
NB: If you would like to purchase the
commemorative History Book or The Emu
Plains plate we have them in stock.
Gordon Leven
Tyres & More
133 Russell Street, Emu Plains
02 4735 4500
Birthday wishes to the following members
Bob Moynahan, Rachel Wong, Margaret Collier
Contact details
Email [email protected]
President
Craig Werner
0417 271 328
Senior Vice President, Publicity, Editor Chronicle, Website
Rosemary Weaver
0408 416 735 Vice Presidents
Carmel Heywood
0407 247 806
Richard Nutt
0407 014 157
Anthony Grainge
02 4731 2303
Secretary & Heritage Advisory Representative
Beth Moore
02 4735 1734
Treasurer & Public Officer
Harry May
02 4732 1520
Visitor & hire Bookings Carmel Heywood
0407 247 806
or email [email protected]
Lantern Tours
Craig Werner 0417 271 328
or email [email protected]
Research Officer, Assistant Editor Chronicle
Paul Wheeldon
02 4731 2303
Speakers
Richard Nutt
0407 014 157
Books & Trips Anthony Grainge
02 4731 2303
Display
Bob Fielding
02 4735 8570
Catering Elsa Speechley
02 4721 4993
Published by the
Nepean District Historical Society ©
P.O.Box 441, Penrith NSW 2751 Australia
Phone: 02 4735 4394
www.armsofaustraliainn.org.au
Contributions welcome. Please contact Rosemary Weaver. Tel. 0408 416 735 email [email protected]
Disclaimer: Views and opinions expressed in articles in The Arms Chronicle are those of the
contributor and not the views of the Nepean District Historical Society.