Kandahar Solar Home Systems

USAID Afghanistan Clean Energy
Program (ACEP)
Kandahar Projects Overview
Kandahar Demographics
 Population: ~1.3 million, most of which live in Kandahar City
(~850,000).
 Only a minority of the population has limited access to grid power.
 Hydro resources are relatively limited in this arid province.
 Most communities are located on existing rivers in the valleys, but
typically with low head and seasonal flows limiting hydropower
potential.
 Solar energy is often the only realistic solution for much of the
sparse rural population scattered across difficult arid terrain in
unsecured areas.
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Kandahar District Populations
District
Arghandab
51,600
Arghistan
28,900
Daman
24,800
Ghorak
8,000
Kandahar
~850,000
Khakrez
19,200
Maruf
27,700
Maywand
40,700
Miyan Nasheen
12,600
Naish
11,300
Panjawaye
82,800
Reg
1,600
Shah Wali Kot
36,400
Shorbank
9,600
Spin Boldak
41,000
Zhari
49,500
TOTAL
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Population
~1,300,000
ACEP Kandahar Implementation Strategy
 Effectively work in the local communities through local
staff
 ACEP Permanent Presence Based in Kandahar City
• Field Leader is Sher Khan with 2 assistants
• Regular contact with local project communities
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Train local solar & MHP workforce
Develop local solar industry
Create local partnerships
Replicate solar project successes
Develop long term sustainable commercial markets
Poor Wind Resource in Kandahar
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Kandahar Hydro Resources
 Helmand River - Kajaki Hydropower plant 1975 USAID
 Arghandab River - Baba Wali MHP
 Tarnak river (seasonal)
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Baba Wali MHP (Arghandab Valley)
 ACEP has met with elders and operators of the Arghandab valley
in Kandahar to rehabilitate the MHP system
 Government owned under Provincial Water and Energy Dept.
 Community agreement to rehabilitate MHP secured through
series of meetings with ACEP representatives
Baba Wali Mausoleum
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Baba Wali Hydro Background
Community/Beneficiaries:
 Six villages, 350 families, powered by the plant:
 Baba Sahib, Keshata, Langar, Naw-e-Kalai, Sair-e-Dig, and Mianjoi.
 Provides power for 19 hours every day; closes from 12 am to 5 am
 Community is billed according to meters; charged 1.5 Afs/kWh for
first 300 kWh, and 4 Afs/kWh for over 400 kWh per month
 1 plant supervisor and 4 mechanics
Plant History:
 Originally built in ~1920’s under King Amanullah
 Functional until destroyed during the civil war in ~1990
 Repaired in 1994 under Taliban regime by a German company
 Plant is still operational but in need of repair and upgrade
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320 KVA Siemens Generator
ACEP is working with
Plant Supervisor
Provincial Council Rep
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Baba Wali Rehabilitation Needs
 Plant runs for 7 months out of the year; not functional from
November – March due to insufficient water
 Band-e-Dala dam is 11 km upstream in Shawali Kot and is being
assessed for repair by the Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT),
which would extend water flow through the remaining 5 months
of the year
 Plant may be able to run at an increased output after dam repair
 Plant supervisor desires to replace turbine and generator
 The Provincial Council representative guarantees ACEP security
and has offered accommodation, transportation, and community
support
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Baba Wali Repair Needs
 One fore-bay door needs to be replaced; takes 5 men
to open and close the doors; Water escapes and
floods local residents’ croplands on the riverbank.
Replacement of three mud walls.
 Generator overheats regularly;
 Power house roof is destroyed, exposing turbine and
machinery to water damage
 Office building in need of structural repairs
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Solar Resource
Annual concentrating solar resource kWh/m2/day
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Decentralized Solar
~100,000 SHS nationwide
Only realistic short term approach to electrify
off-grid homes in the less populated rural
Districts of Kandahar is through PV.
Cost:~$750/home (50 Wp) that provides
~150 Wh/day of delivered energy.
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Solar Project Development Models
Entity
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Project Development
Investment
Management
Business
Business
Private
Private
Government or NGO
Private or Non Profit
System Designer
Government, NGO,
Local
Local government,
community, hired
Villages/
Distributed Systems
Cooperative
Private or Non Profit
System Designer
Government, NGO,
Local
Government Agency
Private Company
Concessions
Private
Holder will make
investment, however
may be government
subsidy or guarantee
Holder of concession
Private Extension
Business
Business
Private
Institutional Solar Sales Approach Pyramid
Rural well-to-do
Cash
Sales
Credit
Rural Poor
Leasing
(Fee fo r Ser vice)
Very
Poor
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Subsidies
Required
Kandahar Solar Home Systems
 Survey conducted for Solar Home Systems in Kandahar City
 Over 200 homes of disabled persons surveyed and loads
quantified.
 Surveys nearly complete and analysis forthcoming.
 Originally were advised that these were off-grid homes, however,
that is not the case: on-grid homes with 3-4 hrs/day of electricity.
 This changes the original design concept (from off-grid SHS to
possible on-grid SHS with battery charging).
 Recommendations forthcoming based on survey results.
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Kandahar Solar Streetlights
 Under procurement
 The systems are comprised of an encased lamp, a
photovoltaic panel, deep-cycle battery, charge
controller, and pole. The PV power streetlights are
capable of providing lights throughout the night
 440 streetlights for 11 km. of Kandahar City
 12 streetlights for Panjawayi
 Cost: ~$2k each
 Schedule: ~Sept. Installation
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Solar Water Pumping
25 solar water pumping systems are under development to pump water
for communities, clinics, schools, and for small farm irrigation throughout
Kandahar Province.
Under procurement
Cost: ~$10-15k each
~August installation
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JDA-NMSU-SESA
Large PV Options for Kandahar
Largest PV System @ 80 kWp
Sayed Karam, Paktiya,
5 months to ship & install
US$2.3 Million with $700k for
transmission & $800k batteries
US$10/Wp (w/o trans & batt)
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Large Scale Kandahar Utility Interactive
Photovoltaic Feasibility Assessment
 ACEP completed a feasibility assessment for a 10 MWp photovoltaic
power system (PVPS) for Kandahar City. It was determined that a 10
MW PVPS would generate over 20,000 MWh the first year and about
480,000 MWh generated over the next 25 years, at approximately
US$0.19 per kWh amortized over 25 years.
10 MW Abu Dhabi PVPS
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Kandahar 10 MW PVPS Power Production
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Annual Total ~ 20,183 MWh
Kandahar PVPS LCC 25 Years
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Kandahar 10 MW PVPS Energy NPV
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Kandahar City Energy Efficiency Steps
• Current electricity use varies from 100 to 800 MWh/day at an
average of 20,000 MWH/month, with an estimated Average
demand of ~30-40 MW at present. Peak ~ 54 MW.
• Power is supplied from Kajaki hydro plants (31 MW capacity 2 units operational- line cut off 5 times over the last year)) and
Kandahar diesel generators (~23 MW capacity).
• Population is expected to reach 1M before 2015, which would
mean a need for 100MW peak Load, that is ~doubling the
current capacity.
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Kandahar EE Recommendations
• Based on ACEP assessments in Kabul, Bamiyan, and
elsewhere, we believe that following 3 actions could be
taken from an EE/DSM standpoint to ease the situation:
Ban on incandescent bulbs and replace with CFLs
(e.g., 200,000 units, 13 vs 60 W, 9 MW possible peak
reduction for additional 90,000 customers).
Cost ~$500k
Broad installation of solar water heaters (1,000 units
would mean another possible 1-2 MW reduction).
Cost ~$750k
Pre paid meters facilitate revenue collection and
educate public on electricity value. Savings up to 2
MW due to better energy conservation practices.
Cost w/mgt. ~$150/customer.
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Kandahar EERE Summary
 Rehabilitation of Baba Wali (Arghandab) Hydro Project
design underway by ACEP, ~12-18 months.
 Solar streetlights for Kandahar City installed Sept.
 Solar water pumpers in the pipeline.
 Solar home system surveys underway.
 Energy efficiency and demand side management
(DSM) has load saving potential of ~12 MW; and
average load saving up to 5 MW. Total cost should not
exceed ~$3M (less than $600/avg. kW, plus fuel
savings).
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