UAV Systems : Global Review

Avionics‘06 Conference
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
March 9, 2006
Federating
The
International
UAV
Community
UAV Systems : Global Review
Peter van Blyenburgh
UVS INTERNATIONAL
March 9, 2006
1
March 9, 2006
OVERVIEW
1
UVS International : Introduction
2
UAV Systems : Definition & Categories
3
UAV Systems Referenced
4
UAV Systems : Review By Category
5
UAVs in Inventory, On Order, In Development
6
UAV Applications (Military & Civil/Commercial)
7
The Problems & Starting To Resolve Them
Federating
The
International
UAV
Community
March 9, 2006
2
March 9, 2006
INTRODUCTION
1997
Federating
The
International
UAV
Community
Non-profit association founded in Paris, France as Euro UVS
Registered with in Den Haag, The Netherlands
1999
Operates out of offices in Paris, France
2004
Changed its name to UVS International – Global Scope
Global outreach to international aviation stakeholders
2006
237 Corporate & Institutional Members in 35 countries
Recognized internationally as UVS industry & service
community representative
March 9, 2006
3
March 9, 2006
MEMBERS IN 35 COUNTRIES
?
??
?
??
?
??
?
?
??
??
??
Argentina
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Botswana
Canada
Croatia
Czech Rep.
Denmark
Finland
France
??
?
?
?
?
??
?
?
??
??
??
?
?
Germany
Greece
Hungary
India
Israel
Italy
Japan
Luxembourg
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Portugal
Russian Fed.
?
??
??
?
??
??
?
?
??
?
??
Federating
The
International
UAV
Community
Singapore
South Africa
South Korea
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Tunisia
Turkey
UK
Ukraine
USA
? = Honorary Members = representatives of national military & CAA
+ EASA + EDA + Eurocontrol + FAA + NATO + WEAO
? = Corporate Members
AESiNT (Spain)
ATCA
Partner Associations Japan UAV Association
UAVS, UK
Working Groups
UNITE, USA
UVS Canada
UAV DACH
UVS N.Zealand Australia
March
2006 Industry Consultation Body
Euro9,UAV
4
March 9, 2006
UAV SYSTEM
Federating
The
International
UAV
Community
Aircraft designed to operate with no human pilot onboard
UAV
? One or several UAVs with their associated payload(s);
? UAV System Elements necessary to enable flight:
- the control station(s) & antenna systems
- all associated software & health monitoring systems
- communication links (ground/air & air/ground)
- data terminals (payload exploitation)
JAA UAV TF
- flight termination system
- launch & recovery systems
- ground support & maintenance equipment
- power generation, distribution & supply
- air traffic control communications equipment (voice & data)
- handling, storage & transport equipment
- all required documentation related to aforementioned.
Flight includes taxiing, take-off & recovery or landing
March 9, 2006
5
March 9, 2006
CATEGORIES
For differentiation of currently existing systems.
Not for certification purposes.
Mass
Range
Endurance
Tactical
?
Mini
CR
SR
MR
MRE
LADP
LALE
MALE
Strateg.
HALE High Alt. Long Endur.
Strato Stratospheric
EXO Exo-stratospheric
2500-5000
>2500
TBD
> 2000
> 2000
TBD
20.000
> 20.000
> 30.500
24 - 48
> 48
TBD
Sp.Task
Micro ???
< 5 kg
Mini
< 20/25/30/150?
Close Range
25-150
Short Range
50-250
Medium Range
150-500
MR Endurance
500-1500
Low Alt. Deep Penetration 250-2500
Low Alt. Long Endurance 15-25
Medium Alt. Long Endur. 1000-1500
Flight Alt.
Federating
The
International
UAV
Community
UCAV Unmanned combat AV
LET Lethal
DEC Decoys
>1000
TBD
150-500
+/- 1500
300
0 - 500
12.000
4.000
50 - 5.000
+/- 2
3-4
<4
March 9, 2006
< 10 km
250 m
< 10
150/250/300?
10 - 30
3.000
30 - 70
3.000
70 - 200
5.000
> 500
8.000
> 250
50 - 9.000
> 500
3.000
> 500
5/8.000
1 hour
<2
2-4
3-6
6 - 10
10 - 18
0,5 - 1
> 24
24 - 48
? = According to national legal restrictions6
March 9, 2006
AIRFRAME TYPES
Fixed Wing
Federating
The
International
UAV
Community
Single Engine
Twin Engines
Pusher Engine
Puller Engine
Single Wing
Circular Wing
Twin Wing
Flying Wing
Tail-Sitter
Motorised Rotor
Gyroplane
Canard Rotor Wing
Pendular Rotor
Shrouded Rotor
Tilt Rotor
Eagle, Heron, Global Hawk, Predator
Hermes 450T & 1500, Colugo, DragonEye
Sperwer, Shadow, Searcher, Seeker
Alba, Exdrone, DragonDrone
SilverFox
XB-2
Jasoos, Outrider, BackPack
Helios, X-13, Zephyr
SkyTote
Rotary Wing
A-160, FireScout, Orka, SNARK
RPG Mk II
X-50 DragonFly
Hetel-M
FanTail, Cypher, GoldenEye, HoverEye
Eagle Eye
Motorized Para-Foil
Snow Goose, Blueye
Lighter-than-Air
Airscan, O.V.O.
Flapping Wing
Micro UAVs
Optionally Piloted Eagle, Little Bird, Perseus, Stemme, Surveyor 2500
FUEL TYPES
March 9, 2006
Two-Stroke
Electric
Standard Petrol
Solar/Electric
AvGas
Diesel
7
March 9, 2006
LAUNCH METHODS
Air-Launched
Bungee Cord
Canister-launched
- Manned Aircraft
- Balloon
- Tracked Para-foil
- UAV (Predator)
(hand-tensioned)
(hand-held)
Car/Truck-launched
Container-launched - Pneumatic
- RATO
Hand-launched
Launcher
- Bungee
- Hydraulic
- Pneumatic
- Atmospheric
RATO (rocket assisted take-off)
Weapon-launched
Torpedo Tube-launched
Wheeled Take-Off
VTOL
March 9, 2006
Federating
The
International
UAV
Community
Zephyr
QinetiQ
Exdrone
BAI Aerosystems
Finder
NRL
DragonEye
AeroVironment
- Black Widow AeroVironment
- MATE
Dutch Space
- Aerosonde
Aerosonde
- Snow Goose MMIST
Neptune
DRS Technologies
KZO
Rheinmetall DE
- Aladin
EMT
- Carolo
Mavionics
- Tracker
EADS D&SS
LUNA
EMT
Phoenix
BAE Systems
Sperwer
Sagem
Vulture Mk II
ATE
Pioneer
Pioneer UAV Inc
Under development
Under development
- Predator
General Atomics AS
- Global Hawk Northrop Grumman
RMax
Yamaha Motor Co
8
March 9, 2006
Federating
The
International
UAV
Community
RECOVERY METHODS
Belly Landing
Deep Stall
Expendable
Net RecoveryRecovery-Land - No airbag
Net RecoveryRecovery-Land + Airbag
Net RecoveryRecovery- Naval
Parachute & A/C in standard position
Parachute & A/C in upsideupside-down position
Parachute + Airbag
Para--foil
Para
Skid Landing
In-Flight Recovery by Manned Aircraft
InVertical Cable - Wing Snatch (SkyHook
(SkyHook))
VTOL
Water Surface Landing
Wheeled Recovery
March 9, 2006
Wheeled
Recovery with Arresting Hook
Aerosonde
Aladin
Harpy
Aerosonde
EMT
IMI
Vulture Mk II
Pioneer
Crecerelle
Phoenix
Sperwer
Snow Goose
- Sojka III
- Ranger
ATE
Pioneer UAV Inc.
Sagem
BAE Systems
Sagem
MMIST
VTUL a PVO
RUAG Aerospace
ScanEagle
- FireScout
- Little Bird
- RPH2
- Neptune
- Neptune
Predator
Hunter
Boeing/ Insitu
Boeing/Insitu
Northrop Grumman
Boeing
Fuji Heavy Ind.
BAI Aerosystems
DRS Technologies
General Atomics AS
IAI-- Malat
IAI
9
March 9, 2006
UAV SYSTEMS REFERENCED
Applications
Federating
The
International
UAV
Community
Qnty
%
Civil/Commercial
55
10,1
Military
397
72,29
Dual Purpose
44
8
Research UAVs
35
6,43
Developmental vehicle
219
40,25
Total Nr UAVs Referenced
544
Incl. teamed efforts
Nr of Producers/Developers
207
March 9, 2006
Nr of Countries
43
10
March 9, 2006
UAVs Referenced by Category & Status
% Ref’d UAVs
STATUS
35
Micro
6,4 %
DC
123
Mini
22,6 %
DC MR ES TD IS
77
Close Range
14,1 %
NL DC MR ES TD IS
NS
105
Short Range
19,3 %
NL DC MR ES TD IS
NS
101
Medium Range
18,5 %
NL DC MR ES TD IS
NS
17
Medium Range Endurance
3,1 %
16
Low Altitude Deep Penetration
2,9 %
NL DC MR
TD IS
6
Low Altitude Long Endurance
1,1 %
DC MR
TD IS
21
Medium Altitude Long Endurance
3,8 %
DC MR ES TD IS
22
High Altitude Long Endurance
4%
DC
TD IS
16
UCAV
2,9 %
DC
TD
2
Stratospheric
0,3 %
DC
TD
3
Exo Stratospheric
0,5 %
DC
TD
NL =March
Nolonger
in production
9, 2006
TD = Test/demo system ordered
DC = Development continuing
IS = In inventory/in service
DC MR ES TD IS
NS
MR = Market ready
ES = Entering service
NS = No longer in service
11
March 9, 2006
MICRO UAVs
Mikado II
EMT, Germany
Micro VTOL
LADF
OAV
Epsom & Sony
Japan
Carolo
C40
FanTail
Mavionics & Rheinmetall, Germany
DO-MAV 1
EADS-Dornier,
Germany
March 9, 2006
Allied Aerospace, USA
MITE
AeroVironment, USA
FanCopter
NRL, USA
EMT, Germany
ST, Singapore
Black Widow
AeroVironment, USA
12
March 9, 2006
HoverEye
MINI UAVs
Colugo
M60
Bertin Technologies, France
Kawada & Hitachi, Japan
TAG, USA
Puma
Skorpio
Aladin
AeroVironment, USA
Tracker
EADS
& SurveyCopter,
France
March
9, 2006
EMT, Germany
EADS D&SS & SurveyCopter, France
13
March 9, 2006
I-Copter II
SkyLark
Elbit
Systems
Israel
MINI UAVs
VTOL-Aerospace, Australia
Raven
Javelin
Dragon Eye
Naval Research Lab, USA
BackPack
Mission
Technologies,
USA
March
9, 2006
AeroVironment, USA
Desert Hawk
Lockheed Martin, USA
BAI Aerosystems, USA
Pointer
AeroVironment, USA
14
March 9, 2006
MINI UAVs
Non--military applications only
Non
RoboCopter
Kawada, Japan
RPH2
Fuji Heavy Industries, Japan
YH300SL
Yanmar, Japan
Federating
The
International
UAV
Community
R-Max
Yamaha Motors, Japan
CLOSE RANGE UAVs
Federating
The
International
UAV
Community
LUNA
RMax
Type 2
Yamaha Motor Company, Japan
X-Vision
March 9, 2006
EMT, Germany
Camcopter
SCR, Spain
Schiebel Elektronische Geräte, Austria
16
March 9, 2006
Federating
The
International
UAV
Community
CLOSE RANGE UAVs
SurveyCopter
Exdrone
MinO
QinetiQ, UK
BAI Aerosystems, USA
SurveyCopter, France
SpyThere
IAI-Malat, Israel
SilverFox
SkyTote
Mini-Vanguard
Adv. Ceramics Research, USA
March 9, 2006
AeroVironment, USA
Mission Technologies, USA
17
March 9, 2006
Pchela
SHORT RANGE UAVs
Yakovlev, Russian Fed.
Crecerelle EW
Crecerelle
Phoenix
Sagem Défense& Sécurité, France
BAE Systems, UK
Sagem D&S, France
GoldenEye 50
Sentry
Sojka III
DRS Technologies, USA
Sniper
VTUL a PVO, Czech Rep.
March 9, 2006
Aurora Flight Sciences, USA
Elbit Systems, Israel
18
March 9, 2006
Federating
The
International
UAV
Community
SHORT RANGE UAVs
Pioneer
Finder
Naval Research Lab, USA
Dragon Warrior
March 9,Naval
2006 Research Lab, USA
Pioneer UAV Inc, USA
Sender
Naval Research Lab., USA
19
March 9, 2006
Federating
The
International
UAV
Community
SHORT RANGE UAVs
Vulture II
Mirach 26
Galileo
Avionica, Italy
ATE, South Africa
RPG III
Techment, Sweden
Neptune
March 9, 2006
DRS Technologies, USA
Aerostar
Aeronautics Unmanned Systems, Israel
20
March 9, 2006
Federating
The
International
UAV
Community
MEDIUM RANGE UAVs
KZO
Sperwer
& Ugglan
Rheinmetall Def. Electronics, Germany
Ranger
RUAG Aerospace, Switzerland
March 9, 2006
Sagem Défense & Sécurité, France
Orka
EADS-D&SS, France
21
March 9, 2006
MEDIUM RANGE UAVs
Shadow 200
AAI Corp., USA
Shadow 400
AAI Corp., USA
Fire Scout
March Northrop
9, 2006 Grumman, USA
Federating
The
International
UAV
Community
Hunter
IAI, Israel & TRW, USA
22
March 9, 2006
Ezycopter
MEDIUM RANGE UAVs
Night Intruder
Yosine, Taiwan
Seeker I
Korean Aerospace Ind., South Korea
GoldenEye 50
Denel Aerosystems, South Africa
Searcher I
Aurora FS, USA
Hermes 180
Elbit System-Silver Arrow Div., Israel
Hetel-M
Eagle Eye
9, 2006
IsraeliMarch
Aircraft
Industries, Israel
ECT & Isnav, France
Bell Helicopter-Textron, USA
23
March 9, 2006
Federating
The
International
UAV
Community
MEDIUM RANGE
ENDURANCE UAVs
Seeker II
Denel Aerosystems, South Africa
Hermes 450S
Elbit Systems - Silver Arrow, Israel
March 9, 2006
Shadow 600
AAI Corp., USA
Searcher II
Israel Aircraft Industries, Israel
24
March 9, 2006
SNARK
MEDIUM RANGE
ENDURANCE UAVs
TRG Helicorp, N. Zealand
E-Hunter
Falco
Israeli Aircraft Industries, Israel
Galileo Avionica, Italy
Sperwer B
Sagem D&S
France
March 9, 2006
Dragonfly
Boeing, USA
25
March 9, 2006
LOW ALTITUDE
DEEP PENETRATION UAVs
Federating
The
International
UAV
Community
CL289
Mirach 150
Galileo Avionica, Italy
EADS, France &
Germany
Surveyor 600
Nibbio
EADS-D&SS, France &
Galileo Avionica, Italy
March 9, 2006
Galileo Avionica, Italy
26
March 9, 2006
LOW ALTITUDE LONG
ENDURANCE UAVs
? = Civil/commercial applications
Aerosonde Mk III ?
Federating
The
International
UAV
Community
Aerosonde Mk II ?
Aerosonde, Australia
Libellule
Tecknisolar-Seni, France
March 9, 2006
ScanEagle ?
Boeing & InSitu Group, USA
27
March 9, 2006
MEDIUM ALTITUDE
LONG ENDURANCE UAVs
Predator
General Atomics AS, USA
Heron
March 9, IAI-Malat
2006
Div., Israel
Federating
The
International
UAV
Community
Eagle-1
EADS D&SS, France & IAI-Malat Div., Israel
Hermes 1500
Elbit Systems - Silver Arrow, Israel
28
March 9, 2006
Federating
The
International
UAV
Community
MEDIUM ALTITUDE
LONG ENDURANCE UAVs
? = Research applications
Altus ?
General Atomics AS, USA
I.GNAT
General
Atomics
March
9, 2006 AS, USA
Heron-TP
IAI-Malat, Israel
Hermes 1500
A-160 Hummingbird
Boeing Frontier Systems, USA
29
March 9, 2006
HIGH ALTITUDE
LONG ENDURANCE UAVs
Global Hawk
Northrop Grumman, USA
Theseus ?
Aurora Flight Sciences, USA
March
2006
? =9,Civil/commercial
applications
Federating
The
International
UAV
Community
Predator B
General Atomics AS, USA
Helios ?
AeroVironment & NASA Dryden, USA
? = Solar Powered Research Applications
30
March 9, 2006
Sharc
UCAVs
Dassault Aviation, France
Neuron
BAE Systems, UK
Saab, Sweden
Corax
EADS, Germany
Boeing, USA
X-45A
Northrop Grumman, USA
X-47BMarch 9, 2006
Filur
Photo: Jane’s
Barrakuda
Alenia Aeronautica, Italy
Sky-X
31
March 9, 2006
Federating
The
International
UAV
Community
OFFENSIVE/LETHAL UAVs
Taifun
LOCAAS
Anti-Radar
Anti-Vehicle &
Anti-Structure
Anti-Radar
Anti-Vehicle &
Anti-Structure
Rheinmetall DE, Germany
K100
Lockheed Martin, USA
Harpy
Anti-Vehicle
(concept
demonstrator –
Did not go into
production)
March 9, 2006
Anti-Radar
EADS-CAC Systèmes, France
IAI-MBT, Israel
32
March 9, 2006
DECOYS
Flyrt
Federating
The
International
UAV
Community
Chukar
Eager
Naval Research Lab., USA
Northrop Grumman, USA
ITALD
Nulka
BAE Systems, Australia
IMI, Israel
March 9, 2006
33
March 9, 2006
Optionally Piloted Aircraft &
Modified Certified Aircraft
Eagle
Herti-1A
Federating
The
International
UAV
Community
Pelican
General Atomics Aeronautical Systems, USA
Excelnet, Malaysia
BAE Systems, UK
Surveyor 2500
Proteus
March 9, 2006
Scaled Composites, USA
EADS-DS &
Dyn’Aero, France
34
March 9, 2006
UAV PRODUCING COUNTRIES
42 World-Wide
Argentina ? ?
Australia ? ?
Austria ? ?
Brazil ??
Bulgaria ?
Canada ? ?
Chile ??
China (PR) ? ?
Croatia ? ?
Czech Rep. ?
Equator ? ?
France ? ?
Germany ? ?
Greece ??
? = Current Producers
Federating
The
International
UAV
Community
India ??
Russia ? ?
Iran ? ?
Singapore ??
Israel ? ?
South Africa ?
Italy ? ?
South Korea ? ?
Japan ? ?
Spain ? ?
Jordan ??
Sweden ??
Malaysia ? ?
Switzerland ?
Netherlands ??
Tunisia ?
New Zealand ??
Taiwan ? ?
Norway ??
Turkey ??
Pakistan ? ?
Ukraine ? ?
Poland ??
UAE ??
Portugal ??
UK ? ?
Romania ?
USA ? ?
?= Ongoing R&D
?= Future Producers?
March 9, 2006
22 International Industrial Co-operation Developments
35
March 9, 2006
MILITARY UAVs IN INVENTORY
Europe
? Delivered but
not (yet) in service
? In Service
? Test/Evaluation
In service in
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Rep.
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Romania
Russia
?Demonstrator
Sweden
? No longer in
service
Canada
March 9, 2006
Switzerland
Turkey
UK
Model
Hunter-B
Yastreb
Sojka III
Sperwer
Ranger
CL289
Crecerelle
Crecerelle EW
Pointer
Hunter-F
SurveyCopter II
Aladin
CL289
KZO
LUNA
Mirach 20 & 26
Predator
Pointer & Raven
Sperwer
Shadow 600
KA-137
Tu-141 Strizh
Tu-143 & Tu-243
Pchela/Shmel
Ugglan
Mini-Vanguard
Ranger
GNAT
Harpy
Phoenix
Manufacturer
?
Eagle Consortium & IAI, Israel
?
Aviotechnica, Bulgaria
?
VTUL a PVO, Czech Republic
?
Sagem D&S, France
?
RUAG Aerospace, Switzerland
?
EADS, France & Germany
?
Sagem, France
?
Sagem, France
?
AeroVironment, USA
?? IAI, Israel & TRW, USA
?
SurveyCopter, France
?
EMT, Germany
?
EADS-Dornier, Germany
?
Rheinmetall Def. Electr., Germany
?
EMT, Germany
?
Galileo Avionica, Italy
?
General Atomics AS, USA
?
AeroVironment, USA
?
Sagem, France
?
AAI Corp., USA
?
Kamov, Russia
?
Tupolev, Russia
?
Tupolev, Russia
?
Yakovlev, Russia
?
Sagem, France
?
Mission Technologies, USA
?
RUAG Aerospace, Switzerland
?
General Atomics AS, USA
?
IAI-MBT, Israel
?
BAE Systems, UK
Sperwer
SilverFox
SkyLark
?
?
?
Sagem, France
Advanced Ceramics, USA
Elbit Systems, Israel
36
March 9, 2006
MILITARY UAVs IN INVENTORY
USA
? Delivered but
not (yet) in service
? In Service
? Test/Evaluation
?Demonstrator
? No Longer in
Service
March 9, 2006
Model
Aerosky
Black Widow
BQM-74C Recce
Chiron
Dragon Drone
Dragon Eye
Dakota
Dragon Warrior
Evolution
Exdrone
Fire Scout
Global Hawk
Gnat & I.Gnat
Hermes 450
Hunter
Itald
K-Max
LADF
MALD
MicroStar
Neptune
Nulka
Outrider
Pelikan
Pioneer
Pointer I & II
Predator
Predator B
Raven
Raptor
RMax
Sender
Sentry
Shadow 200
SnowGoose
Tern
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
Manufacturer
Aeronautics UAV Systems, Israel
AeroVironment, USA
Northrop Grumman, USA
Aurora Flight Sciences Corp., USA
L-3 BAI Aerosystems, USA
AeroVironment & BAI Aerosystems, USA
Naval Research Lab., USA
Sikorsky Aircraft, USA
L-3 BAI Aerosystems, USA
L-3 BAI Aerosystems, USA
Northrop Grumman, USA
Northrop Grumman, USA
General Atomics AS, USA
Elbit Systems, Israel
Northrop Grumman, USA & IAI, Israel
Israel Military Industries, Israel
Kaman Aerospace, USA
Allied Aerospace, USA (formerly MicroCraft)
Northrop Grumman, USA
BAE Systems, USA
DRS Technologies, USA
BAE Systems, Australia & US Navy
Alliant TechSystems, USA
Cirpas, USA
Pioneer UAV Inc., USA
AeroVironment, USA
General Atomics AS, USA
General Atomics AS, USA
AeroVironment, USA
NASA Dryden, USA
Yamaha Motor Company, Japan
Naval Research Lab., USA
DRS Technologies, USA
AAI Corp., USA
MMIST, Canada
L-3 BAI Aerosystems, USA
37
March 9, 2006
Military UAVs On Order
? Demonstrator
Europe
Customer
France
Germany
Greece
Italy
UK
North
America
Customer
Canada
USA
March 9, 2006
Designation
Carapace
Eagle 1
Sperwer
Tracker
KZO
Aladin
Sperwer
Falco
WK 450
? Interim System
?
?
?
?
Designation
SkyLark
Dragon Eye & Raven
Fire Scout
Global Hawk
Snow Goose
Neptune
?
OAV
?
Pointer II
Predator
Predator B
ScanEagle
Shadow 200
Federating
The
International
UAV
Community
Manufacturer
EADS DS, France
EADS DS, France & IAI-Malat, Israel
Sagem, France
EADS DS, France & SurveyCopter, France
Rheinmetall Def. Electronics, Germany
EMT, Germany
Sagem, France
Galileo Avionica, Italy
Thales, UK & Elbit Systems, Israel
Manufacturer
Elbit Systems, Israel
AeroVironment, USA
Northrop Grumman, USA
Northrop Grumman, USA
MMIST, Canada
DRS Technologies, USA
Allied Aerospace, USA
AeroVironment, USA
General Atomics AS, USA
General Atomics AS, USA
Boeing & Insitu Group, USA
AAI Corp., USA
38
March 9, 2006
Federating
The
International
UAV
Community
Military Requirements
Current & Upcoming
Europe
Cyprus
Europe
France
Germany
Italy
NATO
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
UK
SR or MR
MALE & UCAV
Mini, CR, LADP, Naval, MALE & HALE
Micro?, Mini, MALE/HALE
MRE
MALE
MALE
MR or MRE, and/or MALE
Mini, MR or MRE, and MALE
MR or MRE & MALE
SR, MR, MRE, MALE/HALE
MRE & MALE
MALE ? & (HALE?)
North America
Canada
USA
MRE & MALE?
Micro, Mini, CR, MR, MALE & HALE
Others
Australia
Chili
China
India
Indonesia
Japan
Jordan
Malaysia
Pakistan
Peru
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
South Africa
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
Ukraine
U.A.E.
MR & MALE/HALE
CR/MR
MRE or MALE
SR & MALE
MR VTOL
MR & HALE
CR & MR
MR?
SR, MR & MALE?
MR
SR or MR
SR, MR, MRE, MALE
CR, SR, HALE
MR, MALE?
MRE VTOL
SR
MR
MR or MRE
MRE
MALE
March 9, 2006
39
March 9, 2006
UAVs
UNDER
DVPT
Europe
Hardware
in
various
stages
of
development
Manufacturer
Belgium
VITO
Croatia
Soko
France
Alcore Technologies
Bertin Technologies
Dassault Aviation
DSTU (Dassault & Sagem)
ECT & Isnav
EADS DS
EADS & Galileo Avionica
Germany
EADS Corp. Research
EADS & Northrop Grumman
EADS
Rheinmetall DE
Rheinmetall DE & Mavionics
International European Consortium A
European Consortium B
European Consortium C
Italy
Alenia Aeronautica
Norway
SiMiCon
Scandicraft
Portugal
IST & OGMA
Russia
Irkut
Kamov
Yakovlev
Spain
SCR & INTA
EADS CASA
Boeing R&T Europe
Sweden
Saab
UK
BAE Systems
March 9, 2006
Cranfield University
Cyberflight
QinetiQ & Cranfield Aero.
QinetiQ
Remote Group
Roke Manor Research
Designation
Pegasus (solar powered HALE)
B4 MR
Azimut & Biodrone & Epsilon & Futura
SmartBall & HoverEye (Mini VTOL)
Duc (Small/Large) (UCAV)
Slow-Fast (Moyen Duc)
Hetel VTOL
Eagle 2 & Orka & Surveyor 2500
Surveyor 600 (LADP)
QuaddroCopter (Micro)
EuroHawk (HALE)
Barrakuda (UCAV demonstrator)
Taifun (offensive UAV)
Carolo (Micro)
Heliplat (Solar-powered HALE)
Neuron (UCAV demonstrator)
EuroMale
X-Sky (UCAV demonstrator)
unnamed rotorcraft
APID VTOL
Armor
CR
Ka-37 & Ka-137
Strekoza & Albatross (Tilt Rotor)
Alo
Siva
Fuel cell powered MRE
Sharc & Filur (UCAV demonstrators)
Herti (MALE demonstrator))
Corax (UCAV demonstrator))
U-99 (UCAV demonstrator)
CyberOne & Swift-Eye (Mini)
MinO (Mini-Observer)
Zephyr (Solar-powered HALE)
Small programmable airship
Unnamed powered para-foil (expendable )
40
March 9, 2006
UAVs
UNDER
DVPT
USA
Hardware in
various stages
of development
Manufacturer
Designation
Advanced Soaring Systems
AeroVironment
Allied Aerospace
Aurora Flight Sciences
BAE Systems
BAI Aerosystems
Bell Helicopter/Lockheed Martin
Boeing
Apex
Micro & Mini UAVs
LADF & OAV
GoldenEye 50 & 100 + MarsFlyer
MicroStar & Scimitar
Isis
UCAR
A160 Hummingbird
Dragon Fly
Heliwing
X-36 UCAV research vehicle
X-45A UCAV
UCAR
Seascan & ScanEagle
SLURS
DP4
Sentry HP & Neptune
Predator B
Mariner
Gulfstream V HALE
Organic UAV
K-Max Burro
UCAR
Locaas
Kolibri
BackPack
Micro UAVs & BAT
I-2000
Various types of UAVs
BQM-145A
Fire Scout & SeaScout
Global Hawk
Sea Ferret
X-47B Pegasus UCAV
UCAR
Weaponized Hunter
Vigilante
Proteus
Cypher II?
UCAR
Archangel
Boeing & Insitu Group
Carolina Unmanned Vehicles
Dragon Fly Pictures
DRS Technologies
General Atomics AS
Gulfstream
Honeywell
Kaman Aerospace
Lockheed Martin
Lockheed Martin Voigt
Lutronix
Mission Technologies
MLB
NASA Dryden
Naval Research Lab.
Northrop Grumman
SAIC
Scaled Composites
Sikorsky
March 9, 2006
Systems Research & Dvpt Corp.
Federating
The
International
UAV
Community
41
March 9, 2006
MILITARY PURPOSE UAVs
Israel
IN INVENTORY
IAI:
- Harpy
- Scout
- Searcher
- Heron
Elbit Systems:
Hermes 450S
ON ORDER
Elbit Systems:
- Hermes 450S
- Skylark
ONGOING
DEVELOPMENT
IAI:
- Heron TP
- HA310 (fuel-cell)
- HA315 (fuel-cell)
Elbit Systems:
- Hermes 1500
- Hermes 700
March 180
9, 2006
- Hermes
- Seagull
Federating
The
International
UAV
Community
Countries other than Canada, Europe, Israel & USA
IN INVENTORY
ON ORDER
Algeria
Australia
Bahrain
Botswana
China
Egypt
India
Indonesia
Iran
Israel
Japan
Malaysia
Pakistan
Qatar
Russian Fed.
Singapore
South Korea
South Africa
Sri Lanka
Syria
Thailand
Turkey (see Europe)
Ukraine
UAE
Australia
China
India
Japan
Pakistan
Russia
South Korea
South Africa
Ukraine
ONGOING &
UPCOMING
REQUIREMENTS
Australia
China
India
Indonesia
Japan
Jordan
Malaysia
Oman
Pakistan
Peru
Philippines
Russia
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
South Africa
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
Ukraine
U.A.E.
ONGOING
DEVELOPMENTS
Australia
Brazil
Chile
China
Equador
Egypt
India
Iran
Japan
Jordan
Malaysia
New Zealand
Pakistan
Russia
Singapore
South Korea
South Africa
Taiwan
Ukraine
U.A.E.
42
March 9, 2006
MILITARY APPLICATIONS
Federating
The
International
UAV
Community
CURRENT
FUTURE
Reconnaissance
Surveillance
Target Acquisition
Decoy
Battle Damage Assessmt
Weapons Delivery
Aerial Mine Detection
Radar Saturation
Artillery Correction
Sensor Delivery
Battle Management
SIGINT
Comms & Data Relay
Target Designation
Command & Control Relay Treaty Monitoring
Digital Mapping
Urban Warfare
Electronic Warfare
Offensive Missions:
Flight Path Recce
-anti-radar
NBC Recce
-anti-vehicle
Perimetric Surveillance
-anti-ship
Psychological Warfare
-anti-structure
Radar Jamming
Maritime Surveillance
DRIVERS:
March 9, 2006
Dangerous missions -> No risk to pilot
Lesser political risks
Information = Power & Permits Precision Strike
Cost-Effectiveness in relation to manned A/C
43
March 9, 2006
Recent Military UAV Deployments
Afghanistan ’01-now
Bosnia ’93-’96
France
UN
USA
Crecerelle
Fox AT
Gnat 750
Pioneer
Predator
Kosovo ’98-’99
France
CL-289
Crecerelle
Hunter
Germany CL-289
UK
Phoenix
USA
Hunter
Pioneer
Predator
Kosovo ’05Belgium Hunter
Australia ’01 +++
March 9, 2006
USA
Global Hawk
Canada
Sperwer
SkyLark (upcom)
Germany Aladin
LUNA
USA
DragonEye
Global Hawk
Pointer
Predator
Shadow 200
Djibouti/Yemen ’02
USA
Predator
East Timor ’02
Australia
Aerosonde III
Solomon Islands ’03
Australia
Aerosonde III
Avatar
South Korea ’03
USA
Shadow 200
Federating
The
International
UAV
Community
Iraq ’03 -now
Australia (upcoming)
SkyLark
Italy Predator
Japan RMax
UK
Desert Hawk (eval)
Phoenix
USA DarkStar B (eval)
Desert Hawk
DragonEye
Global Hawk
I.Gnat
Hunter
Pioneer
Predator
Puma
Raven
ScanEagle
Shadow 200
SilverFox
Tern
44
March 9, 2006
CIVILIAN & COMMERCIAL
APPLICATIONS
FUTURE
CURRENT
Publicity Spots
TV, Cinema
Atmospheric Research
Meteorological Purposes
Agricultural Applications
Illegal Immigrant Control
UPCOMING
Forest Fire Detection
Environmental Monitoring
Border Patrol
DRIVERS:
March 9, 2006
Federating
The
International
UAV
Community
Aerial Surveying
Telecommunications
Mineral Detection
Nuclear Fall-Out Detection
Atmospheric Sampling
News Broadcasting
Wildlife Monitoring
Farming & Ranching
Power Cable Verification
Fishing Industry
Pipeline Control
Maritime Surveillance
Pollution Control
Perimeter Surveillance
Search & Rescue
Industrial Site Surveillance
Disaster Relief
Rail Line Monitoring
Homeland Security
Avalanche Control
Law Enforcement
Riot Control
Mapping
Traffic Surveillance
Cost-Effectiveness
Missions impossible with manned aircraft
Missions more efficient than with manned aircraft
45
March 9, 2006
WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS?
Unifying
The
International
UAV
Community
Emerging market
Products not fully mature
Most military UAV systems are still “user specific”
Insufficient safety & reliability
High development costs + low volume production ->
High acquisition cost
Operational costs still too high -> High ownership cost
Insufficient R&D funding
Few UAV system integrators have aeronautical experience
No airworthiness norms
No ATM regulations
Sense & Avoid : the critical issue
Flight in non-segregated airspace is impossible
Uncoordinated individual national initiatives
Up to now no international consensus on how toproceed
March 9, 2006
Result: Civil/commercial market cannot develop
46
March 9, 2006
THE SOLUTION TO “SEE & AVOID” ?
March 9, 2006
47
March 9, 2006
WHAT SHOULD BE DONE ?
Unifying
The
International
UAV
Community
?
?
?
?
?
?
Airworthiness norms for UAVs are to be defined
Standards - Sense & Avoid (operational requirements) to be defined
Definition of ATM regulations is to be initiated
INDUSTRY SHOULD BE THE DYNAMO
National approaches in co -operation with CAAs & military
Efforts to be co-ordinated on an European scale in co -operation with
NATO, EDA, Eurocontrol, JAA, EASA, DG TREN, national CAAs
? Approaches on both sides of the Atlantic should be co-ordinated :
- industry: Access 5, ASTM, CANSO, EUROCAE, RTCA, UVS Canada, UVSI
- authorities: EASA, Eurocontrol, JAA, NATO, FAA, ICAO
? Efforts to be coordinated internationally (beyond Europe & N. America)
- Australia, Japan, S.Africa, Singapore (civil/com flight experience)
? International approaches should be harmonized at the earliest stage
A common terminology in English should defined
March 9, 2006
48
March 9, 2006
UAV Systems:
Rules & Regulations
Federating
The
International
UAV
Community
European Activities
Europe
JAA/Eurocontrol UAV TF
Europe
Eurocontrol ANT
Euro UAV ICB
EDA – 2C
France
DGA-DE/CEV - USAR
EDA - S&A
NATO
Air Group 7 - FINAS
USEP
EASA – A.NPA
AG7 FINAS - USAR
Sweden
UK
UAV System Vision
ASTRAEA
Europe
EMAAG
CANSO
EUROCAE WG-73
March 9, 2006
49
March 9, 2006
WG-73 on UAV Systems
EUROCAE is the European aeronautical standards organisation.
EUROCAE has an existing co-operative agreement with with RTCA.
Feb 2005
EUROCAE becomes a member of UVS International;
UVS International becomes a member of EUROCAE
Aug 2005
EUROCAE & UVSI meet with RTCA SC203 and agree
on co-ordination & harmonisation of WG outputs
Jan 2006
- EUROCAE Council agrees on the creation of WG-73
- EUROCAE announces WG-73 on UAV systems
- EUROCAE & UVSI send out Calls for Participation
20 & 21 Apr 2006
WG-73 kick-off meeting at Eurocontrol HQs, Brussels
March 9, 2006
50
March 9, 2006
WG-73 on UAV Systems
Participation
Include international industry & regulatory authorities
Participation is funded by the participants
3 annual meetings (3 to 4 days each) + 1 in USA
Co-ordination
EASA, EDA, Eurocontrol, CANSO, Euro UAV ICB,
FAA, national CAAs, NATO-FINAS, RTCA
Objectives
Take an inventory of work already done & ongoing internationally
Initiate Sub-Groups to deal, amongst others, with:
- Terms & Definitions
- Civil USAR (fixed wing)
- Sense & Avoid
- Civil USAR (rotary wing)
- Command & Control
Preparation of non-solicited proposal to EASA re civil UAV system
airworthiness
(USAR) regulations for fixed & rotary wing UAVs
March
9, 2006
51
March 9, 2006
Federating
The
International
UAV
Community
UVS
INTERNATIONAL
86 rue Michel -Ange
75016 Paris, France
Tel.: 33-1-46.51.88.65
Fax: 33-1-46.51.05.22
[email protected]
[email protected]
www.uvs-international.org
www.uvs-info.com
March 9, 2006
52
March 9, 2006