411-2831-010.18.05 GSM / UMTS HLR100 Product Guide

Transcription

411-2831-010
GSM / UMTS
HLR100
Product Guide
GSM18 / UMTS04 Standard 18.05 April 2006
test
GSM / UMTS
HLR100
Product Guide
Document number: 411-2831-010
Product release: GSM18 / UMTS04
Document version: Standard 18.05
Date: April 2006
Copyright Country of printing Confidentiality Legal statements Trademarks
Copyright © 1993–2006 Nortel, All Rights Reserved
Printed in the United States of America
NORTEL CONFIDENTIAL
The information contained herein is the property of Nortel and is strictly confidential. Except as expressly authorized in writing by
Nortel, the holder shall keep all information contained herein confidential, shall disclose it only to its employees with a need to know,
and shall protect it, in whole or in part, from disclosure and dissemination to third parties with the same degree of care it uses to
protect its own confidential information, but with no less than reasonable care. Except as expressly authorized in writing by Nortel,
the holder is granted no rights to use the information contained herein.
Information is subject to change without notice. Nortel reserves the right to make changes in design or components as progress in
engineering and manufacturing may warrant.
* Nortel, the Nortel logo, and the Globemark are trademarks of Nortel. DMS, DMS-HLR, DMS-MSC, MAP, and SuperNode are
trademarks of Nortel.GSM is a trademark of GSM MOU Association.
Trademarks are acknowledged with an asterisk (*) at their first appearance in the document.
ii
Nortel Confidential
411-2831-010
Standard
Copyright © 1993–2006 Nortel
18.05
April 2006
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Publication history
This publication contains a high level listing of updates and changes to this
product documentation for this release cycle. If a detailed list of all changes
for GSM18 release is required, see the GSM / UMTS VCN CS/HLR OAM
Software Delta, NTP 411-2231-190. For any release prior to GSM17, see
product documentation GSM / UMTS VCN HLR100/200 Software Delta,
NTP 411-2831-199.
April 2006
GSM18/UMTS04, 18.05: Standard release
October 2005
GSM18/UMTS04, 18.04: Standard release
GSM18/UMTS04, 18.03: first Preliminary release - updated with minor
editorial changes.
March 2005
GSM18/UMTS04, 18.02 Preliminary release
This preliminary release has been updated from reviewer comments.
February 2005
GSM18/UMTS04, 18.02 Draft release
This draft release has been updated from reviewer comments.
December 2004
GSM18/UMTS04, 18.01 Draft release 1.
This draft release has been updated with 43 feature documents.
October 2004
GSM17/UMTS03, 17.09 Standard release 2.
September 2004
GSM17/UMTS03, 17.08 Standard release.
GSM / UMTS
HLR100 Product Guide
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April 2004
GSM17/UMTS03. Preliminary Release 17.07. Up-issued this document for
the 17.1 maintenance release which includes BICC functionality and
incorporated CRs.
February 2004
GSM17/UMTS03. Release 17.06. This Standard release is created for Global
System for Mobile Communications (GSM) users to document the GSM
NSS/ UMTS UCC Product Guide for Release GSM17/UMTS03.
November 2003
GSM17/UMTS03. Release 17.05. This Preliminary release is created for
Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) users to document the
GSM NSS/ UMTS UCC Product Guide for Release GSM17/UMTS03.
September 2003
September 2003
June 2003
Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)/Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System (UMTS) to document the GSM NSS/ UMTS
Circuit Core Networks Home Location Register (UCC HLR) Product Guide
for Release UMTS03.
April 2003
GSM17/UMTS03. Release 17.01. This Draft release is created for Global
System for Mobile Communications (GSM)/Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System (UMTS) to document the UMTS Circuit Core
Networks Home Location Register (UCC HLR) Product Guide for Release
UMTS03.
April 2003
GSM16/UMTS03. Release 16.03. This Standard release is created for
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) to document the
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UMTS Circuit Core Networks Home Location Register (UCC HLR) Product
Guide for Release UMTS03.
October 2002
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) to document UMTS
Circuit Core Networks Home Location Register (UCC HLR) Product Guide
for Release UMTS03.
July 2002
GSM16/UMTS03. Release 16.01. This Draft release is created for Universal
Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) to document UMTS Circuit
Core Networks Home Location Register (UCC HLR) Product Guide for
Release UMTS03.
Significant updates in this release include introduction of Univity HLR
support with the USP platform.
July 2002
GSM15/UMTS02. Release 15.03. This Standard release is created for
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) to document Circuit
Core Networks Home Location Register (CCN HLR) Product Guide for
Release UMTS02.
April 2002
GSM15/UMTS02. Release 15.02. This preliminary release is created for
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) to document Circuit
Core Networks Home Location Register (CCN HLR) Product Guide for
Release UMTS02.
November 2001
GSM15/UMTS02. Release 15.01. This draft release is created for Universal
Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) to document Circuit Core
Networks Home Location Register (CCN HLR) Product Guide for Release
UMTS02.
The following functionality has been added to the HLR:
• Call Intercept support for Packet Switch (PS)
•
Location Services (LCS)
•
HLR mated pair Service Synchronization
•
HLR One-Night Process (ONP)
•
HLR Support For Multiple Point Codes
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•
HLR Send Routing Information (SRI) Location Information
•
HLR Roamer Intercept Related Information (IRI)
•
HLR Support for North American Equal Access Preferred Carrier
Identifier
•
HLR support for CAMEL Phase 3 database
•
HLR Operational Measurements (OM) and tools support for CAMEL
Phase 3
•
HLR Any Time Interrogation (ATI), Send Routing Information (SRI),
and Provide Subscriber Information (PSI) for CAMEL Phase 3
•
HLR Short Message Service for CAMEL Phase 3 Subscription
Information (SMS-CSI)
•
HLR General Packet Radio System for CAMEL Phase 3 Subscription
Information (GPRS-CSI)
•
HLR Compliancy for Supplementary Service for CAMEL Phase 3
Subscription Information (SS-CSI), Originating-CAMEL Subscription
Information (O-CSI), Terminating-CAMEL Subscription Information (TCSI), and related Trigger Detection Point (TDP) Criteria
•
HLR CAMEL for Translation Information Flag for CAMEL Phase 2 and
Phase 3 Subscription Information (TIF-CSI) enhancements
•
Follow Me (FM) for Global System for Mobile CommunicationsRailways (GSM-R)
•
Voice Group Services (VBS) and Voice Group Call Service (VGCS) for
Global System for Mobile Communications-Railways (GSM-R)
•
enhanced Multi-Level Precedence and Pre-emption service (eMLPP)
stage and User-to-User Signalling, Type 1 (UUS1) service for Global
System for Mobile Communications-Railways (GSM-R)
•
HLR mated pair Propagation for Global System for Mobile
Communications (GSM-GSM-RR)
November 2001
NSS14/UMTS01—This standard 1.2 release is created for Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System (UMTS) to document Circuit Core Networks
Home Location Register (CCN HLR) Product Guide for Release NSS14/
UMTS01.
October 2001
NSS14/UMTS01—This standard 1.1 release is created for Universal Mobile
Home Location Register (CCN HLR) Product Guide for Release NSS14/
UMTS01.
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June 2001
NSS14/UMTS01—This preliminary 1.1 release is created for Universal
NSS14/UMTS01.
May 2001
NSS14/UMTS01—This preliminary 1.0 release is created for Universal
NSS14/UMTS01.
April 2001
NSS14/UMTS01, 01.01—This draft release is created for Universal Mobile
Home Location Register (CCN HLR) Product Guide for Release UMTS01.
Information has been added about the following topics:
• UMTS Extensive Quality of Service (Ext QoS)
•
UMTS Security Enhancements
•
UMTS authentication algorithm with Milenage/Rijndael framework
UMTS is the 3rd-generation migration from GSM.
March 2001
GSM13, 13.04—This Standard release is created for Global System for
Mobile Communications (GSM) to document Digital Multiplex SystemsHome Location Register (DMS-HLR) Product Guide for Release GSM13.
March 2001
GSM13, 13.03—This Preliminary release is created for Global System for
GSM13 introduces support for Extended Architecture Core (XA-Core) 3+1.
GSM12 (full multiprocessor) supports XA-Core 1+1.
Information has been added about the following topics:
• 911 and Location Measurement Unit (LMU)
•
DMS-HLR mated pair Service Synchronization support
•
DMS-HLR One Night Process (ONP) support
•
Upgraded HLRTRACE tool
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•
DMS-HLR Extended Architecture Core (XA-C) support
•
-HLR Interface with LM Ericsson-VLR
•
Short Message Server (SMS) phase 2+ operates within General Packet
Radio Service (GPRS) networks
March 2001
September 2000
GSM13, 13.01—This Draft release is created for Global System for Mobile
Communications (GSM) to document Digital Multiplex Systems-Home
Location Register (DMS-HLR) Product Guide for Release GSM12. The
DMS-HLR Network Switching Subsystem chapter was updated.
July 2000
The DMS-HLR Hardware chapter was updated to include XA-Core hardware
information.
April 2000
Location Register (DMS-HLR) Product Guide for Release GSM12.
February 2000
October 1999
August 1999
GSM10, 10.03—This Standard release is created for Global System for
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February 1999
September 1998
November 1998
GSM09, 09.03—This standard release is created for Global System for
Mobile (GSM) to document Digital Multiplex Systems-Home Location
Register (DMS-HLR) Product Guide for Release GSM09.
August 1998
GSM09, 09.02—This preliminary release is created for Global System for
March 1998
GSM09, 09.01—This draft release is created for Global System for Mobile
November 1997
GSM08, 08.02—This standard release is created for Global System for
August 1997
GSM08, 08.01—This Preliminary publication is updated to reflect GSM08
information. No new information was added.
April 1997
GSM08, 08.01—This Draft document is updated to include GSM08
information. Changes are as follows:
• In the “DMS-HLR functions” chapter:
— New information is added to Table 3-3, “Other Services.”
— Additional User control of Supplementary Services information is
added concerning Operator Determine Barring of Conditional Call
Forwarding Subscriber Management (0DBBCCFMGT)
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— Additional Data services information is added concerning V.42bis
Data Compression
— Extension service support information is added
January 1997
GSM07, 07.02—This Standard document is up-issued from the Preliminary
version.
October 1996
GSM07, 07.01—This Preliminary document is created to include GSM07
information.
June 1996
•
GSM06, 06.02—This Standard document is created to include GSM06
•
Added GSM overview section to “Introduction” chapter.
•
New “Network and Switching Subsystem” chapter is added.
•
In the “DMS-HLR functions” chapter:
— New information is added to Table 3-3, “Other Services”.
— New information is added to Table 3-4, “Data Services supported by
DMS-HLR”.
•
In the “Related documentation” chapter the related documentation lists
have been updated.
•
New “List of Terms” chapter is added.
December 1995
GSM05, 05.01—This Standard document is created to include GSM05
— New information is added to Table 2-2, “Call Barring and Related
Supplementary Services.”
— Hot Billing information is added to Table 3-3, “Other Services,” in the
Supplementary Services support section.
— Data services added for GSM05 are included in Table 3-4, “Data
Services supported by DMS-HLR.”
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•
In the “Authentication Center functions” chapter, the functionality of the
Authentication Center is updated.
•
The “DMS-HLR software” chapter is reorganized to reflect the GSM05
evolution from feature packages to functional groups.
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•
In the “Related documentation” chapter, Table 7-1, “Related 411-2831
product documentation,” is updated to reflect GSM05 document
information.
April 1995
GSM04, 04.01—This standard release of the document is updated to include
GSM04 final information. Changes are as follows:
— These four sections are added: “Call routing support,” “Inter-PLMN
roaming,” “Supplementary Services support,” and “Data services
support.”
— Four tables are added to expand on Supplementary Services and Data
services support.
•
In “DMS-HLR hardware,” descriptions of the dual shelf network (DSN)
modules and the Cabinetized Dual Shelf Network (CDSN) cabinet are
removed to reflect the removal of these from the GSM04 DMS-HLR
product offering.
•
In the “DMS-HLR software” chapter:
— The table showing DMS-HLR software categories is replaced with a
graphic.
— The “Required DMS base software” section is replaced with the
“DMS-100 software” section to more accurately reflect the
provisioning of software on the DMS-HLR.
— Additional graphics are added to clarify software layers.
— Tables showing software packages are updated to show software
made available in GSM04.
•
A chapter entitled “Other DMS products for GSM” is added to introduce
the DMS-Mobile-services Switching Center (DMS-MSC) and the DMSMSC/HLR
July 1994
GSM03, 03.01 - This standard document is updated to reflect changes in
software for the GSM03 load.
November 1993
GSM02A, 02.01—This preliminary document is updated to reflect the
following:
• availability of DMS-HLR hardware on the DMS SuperNode SE platform
•
availability of the BRISC processor in the DMS-HLR computing module
•
editing revisions
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This version of the Product Guide includes GSM02 final information and
GSM02A draft information.
May 1993
GSM02, 01.01—This preliminary document is updated to reflect changes in
software for the GSM02 load.
February 1993
BCS35+, Release 00.01—This preliminary document is created for Global
System for Mobile Communications.
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Contents
1
About this document
xix
Audience for this document xix
Organization of this document xix
Software release applicability xx
GSM18/UMTS04 Product Computing Module Loads
Indication of hypertext links xxi
Related documents xxi
xx
VCN HLR100 hardware
1-1
Chapter organization 1-1
HLR cabinets 1-1
Cabinet dimensions 1-2
Example HLR cabinet lineups 1-2
Common cabinets 1-4
Message switch in HLR with XA-Core base 1-4
Enhanced Network in HLR with XA-Core base 1-5
Link Peripheral Processor 1-7
Equipment common to all Home Location Registers 1-9
Cabinetized Integrated Services Module Equipment 1-10
Input/output equipment 1-11
Cabinetized Power Distribution Center cabinet 1-12
eXtended Architecture Core 1-12
Home Location Register (HLR) with eXtended Architecture Core base 1-12
Home Location Register eXtended Architecture Core hardware overview 1-12
HLR XA-Core platform on XA-Core base 1-15
Third-party core memory extension 1-17
HLR 100 Provisioning Server 1-18
HLR100 Basic Services
2-1
Teleservices 2-1
Telephony 2-1
Emergency 2-1
Auxiliary speech 2-1
Fax 2-2
Short Message Service 2-2
Voice Group Services 2-2
Bearer Services 2-3
Circuit Data Asynchronous 2-5
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Circuit Data Synchronous 2-5
Dual data services 2-5
General Bearer Services using CDAGBS/CDSGBS
V.42bis data compression 2-6
2-6
HLR Supplementary Services
User control of Supplementary Services 3-1
Call forwarding 3-1
Call Forward Unconditional 3-1
Call Forward Busy 3-1
Call Forward No Reply 3-2
Call Forward Not Reachable 3-2
Call barring 3-2
Barring of All Outgoing Calls 3-2
Barring of Outgoing International Calls 3-2
Barring of Outgoing International Call - except Home Country 3-2
Barring of All Incoming Calls 3-2
Barring of All Incoming Calls when Roaming 3-2
Line ID services 3-3
Calling Line Identification Presentation 3-3
Calling Line Identification Restriction 3-3
Connected Line Identification Presentation 3-3
Connected Line Identification Restriction 3-3
Call offer 3-3
Call completion 3-3
Call Wait 3-3
Call Hold 3-3
Multiparty services 3-4
Community of interest 3-4
Information transfer 3-4
Charging 3-5
Advice of charge information 3-5
Advice of charge charging 3-5
Call priority 3-5
Wireless Priority Service 3-7
Public Land Mobile Network-specific Supplementary Services 3-8
Hot billing 3-8
Calling Name Display 3-8
Malicious Call Trace 3-8
Account Code 3-8
Class of Service 3-9
Local Calls Only 3-9
Extension services 3-9
Anonymous Call Reject 3-9
Functional addressing–Follow Me 3-9
Operator Determined Barring 3-11
Outgoing flavors (Class 1) 3-11
Incoming flavors (Class 2) 3-12
Roaming types (Class 3) 3-12
Premium-rate types (Class 4) 3-12
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Home Public Land Mobile Network-specific flavors (Class 5)
CISS management (Class 6) 3-13
Explicit Call Transfer types (Class 8) 3-14
Conditional Call Forwarding registration (Proprietary) 3-14
HLR functionality description
3-13
4-1
Roaming and regional subscription 4-1
General roaming description 4-1
Regional Subscription Zone Identifier (RSZI) 4-1
Application context negotiation 4-4
Call routing 4-4
SRI/PRN 4-4
SRI/PSI 4-4
Prepaging support 4-5
Equal access 4-6
North American IS-41 PIC (V2) 4-6
GSM standardized NAEA-PCI (V3) 4-7
Default call forwarding 4-7
Call Independent Supplementary Services 4-8
RegSS/EraSS 4-8
ActSS/DeactSS 4-8
IntSS 4-8
RegPwd/GetPwd 4-9
Unstructured Supplementary Services data 4-9
Home Subscriber Trace 4-10
Mechanism using datafill 4-10
CAMEL and IN 4-10
CAMEL screening 4-11
Location services and E911 4-12
LCS privacy classes 4-13
MO-LR 4-14
LCS capabilities added in GSM18 4-14
Call intercept 4-15
General Packet Radio Service 4-16
GPRS push service support 4-16
Mated Pair 4-17
Monitoring of the HLR mated pair 4-18
Synchronization of subscriber data 4-18
Cross Release Mating 4-19
One Night Process 4-20
Dump and Restore 4-20
PreSWACT 4-21
SWACT 4-21
AbortSWACT 4-21
Fast ONP 4-21
Authentication 4-21
Multiple point codes 4-22
HLR-PS/HLR-PM Service Sync for NSS18 4-24
GSM18 Service Synchronization 4-25
Standardized Supercharger 4-25
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Trinode HLR Subscriber Limit
VLR robustness 4-27
4-26
Introduction to UMTS
5-1
UMTS Public Land Mobile Networks 5-2
UMTS PLMN services 5-2
Numbering in UMTS PLMNs 5-3
Major UMTS components and interfaces 5-4
User Equipment 5-5
UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network 5-6
Core Network 5-8
Unified network architecture 5-8
Components of the Voice Core Network 5-9
Example of mobile-terminating call setup 5-13
Communication among VCN components 5-14
UMTS core network signaling interfaces 5-15
MAP Application Entities 5-16
MAP Application Service Elements 5-16
UMTS core network signaling protocols 5-19
VCN HLR100 software
UMTS market specific 6-3
Proprietary services 6-3
SIM replacement 6-3
Supplementary Services 6-3
Operator services 6-3
Alternate line service 6-3
One night process 6-3
UMTS services 6-3
Supplementary Services 6-3
Short message service 6-4
Data service 6-4
Speech 6-4
UMTS base 6-4
Call routing support 6-4
Equal access support 6-5
Operator determined barring 6-5
Intelligent network support 6-5
Inter-PLMN roaming support 6-5
Subscriber database management
Authentication 6-5
Messaging and signaling 6-5
VCN HLR100/AuC interfaces 6-5
Home location register 6-6
Authentication Center 6-7
Shared layer 6-7
Telecom layer 6-7
Base layer 6-7
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6-5
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List of terms
A-1
Figures
Figure 1-1
Figure 1-2
Figure 1-3
Figure 1-4
Figure 1-5
Figure 1-6
Figure 1-7
Figure 1-8
Figure 1-9
Figure 1-10
Figure 1-11
Figure 3-1
Figure 4-1
Figure 4-2
Figure 4-3
Figure 4-4
Figure 4-5
Figure 4-6
Figure 4-7
Figure 5-1
Figure 5-2
Figure 5-3
Figure 5-4
Figure 5-5
Figure 5-6
Figure 5-7
Figure 5-8
Figure 5-9
Figure 5-10
Figure 5-11
Figure 5-12
Figure 5-13
Figure 6-1
Figure 6-2
VCN HLR100 basic cabinets 1-2
HLR cabinet lineup with XA-Core base 1-3
DPCC cabinet 1-5
ENET cabinet 1-6
LPP interconnections 1-8
Link Peripheral Processor cabinet 1-9
Cabinetized Trunk Module Equipment cabinet 1-11
XA-Core multiprocessor architecture with XAI midplane 1-14
XA-Core cabinet layout 1-16
3PC memory extension for Univity 1-17
Example HLR 100 Provisioning Server Architecture 1-19
USSD Message Diagram for Follow Me Registration Management 311
VLR area showing LACs 4-2
A PLMN divided into three regional subscription zones (RSZs) 4-3
Example system-level transactions in an SRI/PSI sequence 4-5
Example system level transactions in an ATI/PSI sequence 4-11
Simplified LCS network overview 4-13
Signaling link capacity bottleneck 4-22
SS7 network with VCN HLR100 MPC switch 4-24
UMTS PLMN and UE, PSTN, ISDN, and other UMTS PLMN 5-2
Numbers used in UMTS 5-3
UMTS major components and interfaces 5-4
UMTS UE components 5-5
UMTS UTRAN components and interfaces 5-6
Example of UMTS PLMN coverage area 5-7
UMTS networking architecture 5-8
Components of VCN 5-9
Call Server transmission paths 5-11
UMTS mobile-to-land call set-up (part 1) 5-13
UMTS mobile-to-land call set-up (part 2) 5-13
Application Service Element requestor and provider 5-17
Communication between Application Entities 5-18
VCN HLR100 Software Structure 6-2
HLR/AuC 6-6
Tables
Table 2-1
Table 5-1
Data Services supported by VCN HLR100
UMTS signaling interfaces 5-15
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About this document
1
This publication introduces readers to the GSM/UMTS Voice Core Network
Home Location Register 100 (VCN HLR100). It provides a basic
understanding of the VCN HLR100 and integrated Authentication Center
(AUC) functions, hardware and software, interfaces to other nodes, and
sources of additional information about the VCN HLR100. This publication
also introduces two other VCN products, the VCN Call Server (VCN CS) and
the VCN CS/HLR that offers CS and HLR functions on one platform.
This publication applies to the GSM/UMTS Home Location Register 100
(GSM/UMTS HLR100). It also applies to the 3G UMTS Voice Core
Networks Home Location Register 100 (VCN HLR100).
Audience for this document
1
This publication is written as an introduction to the VCN HLR100, for any
person involved in the planning, engineering, administration, or maintenance
of a VCN HLR100.
Organization of this document
1
This publication consists of the following sections:
• “VCN HLR100 hardware” describes the cabinetized system used by the
VCN HLR100, and briefly describes the hardware used in the VCN
HLR100.
•
“HLR100 Basic Services” provides an overview of the basic services
supported by the VCN HLR100.
•
“HLR Supplementary Services” describes the Supplementary Services
supported by the VCN HLR100.
•
“HLR functionality description” provides an overview of the major
functions performed by VCN HLR100 in a UMTS network.
•
“Introduction to UMTS” provides an introduction to the Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System.
•
“VCN HLR100 software” lists and briefly describes the software required
to operate the VCN HLR100.
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•
Appendix A, “List of terms” provides a list of terminology used in this
document.
Software release applicability
1
Nortel software releases for the Wireless product are developed and identified
by the product lines. The GSM product line software is identified by the
letters GSM and a 2-digit number, such as GSM18, signifying the current
release in the GSM software stream.
This publication is applicable to the GSM/UMTS MSC Family offices that
have the GSM NSS18/UMTS VCN04 software release. Unless this
publication is revised, it also applies to offices that have software releases
greater than GSM NSS18/UMTS VCN04. In the GSM market, 3GPP R99
and R4 are supported in NSS18. In the UMTS market, only 3GPP R99 is
supported in NSS18.
Customers must be running on NSS16 or NSS17 before they can upgrade to
NSS18. Since there is no GSM-R support on the MSC in NSS18, customers
on GSM-R NSS17 will not upgrade to NSS18. Customers on NSS16/
UMTS03 for the MSC, must upgrade to NSS18/UMTS04.
For more information about the new features contained in the GSM NSS18/
UMTS VCN04 software release, refer to the GSM / UMTS MSC Software
Delta, 411-2231-199, and the GSM / UMTS HLR100/200 Software Delta,
411-2831-199.
GSM18/UMTS04 Product Computing Module Loads
The NSS18 software load consists of GSM18 (MSC & HLR), GEM18 (SDM
& CEM), and MG18 (Media Gateway) software.
Before GSM05, software loads were package-based loads. GSM05 was the
first GSM/UMTS MSC Product Computing Module Load (PCL). PCLs are
composed of layers of software, or Delivery Receivable Units (DRUs).
The following PCLs comprise the NSS18 software load:
• GSM/UMTS CSP20 (BASE21, TL20, SHR20)
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•
XPM20
•
CBM18
•
USP10.0
•
SN07
•
Passport v3.7
•
SP20 (North America market)
•
SP17.2 (International market)
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•
Media Gateway (MG) PCR6.1
•
GSM18/UMTS04 DRUs
Indication of hypertext links
1
Hypertext links in this document are indicated in blue. If viewing a PDF
version of this document, click on the blue text to jump to the associated
section or page.
Related documents
1
Some publications of the VCN family contain information that may relate to
the subjects in this publication. For a current listing of VCN Nortel Technical
Publications (NTPs), refer to the GSM NSS/UMTS VCN GSM / UMTS Voice
Core Network Product Documentation Directory, 411-2231-001, and the GSM
/ UMTS MSC-100 Family Guide to Northern Telecom Publications.
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xxii About this document
Nortel Confidential
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Nortel Confidential
VCN HLR100 hardware
1
This chapter introduces GSM/UMTS Voice Core Network (VCN) Home
Location Register 100 (HLR100) hardware. The base of GSM/UMTS VCN
HLR100 hardware consists of either XA-Core or XA-Core SE, depending on
the configuration. This chapter describes both options and other hardware
components included with the GSM/UMTS VCN HLR100.
Chapter organization
1
This chapter is organized as follows:
• HLR cabinets
•
Common cabinets
— Message switch in HLR with XA-Core base
— Enhanced Network (ENET) in HLR with XA-Core base
— Equipment common to all HLRs
•
XA-Core
— HLR with XA-Core base
— HLR XA-Core hardware overview
•
Third-party Core (3PC) memory extension - HLR 200
•
Universal Signaling Point (USP) platform) - HLR 200
— Replacement for LPP/FLPP functionality
HLR cabinets
1
HLR hardware is implemented in unified steel structure cabinets. The top of
the cabinet contains a Frame Supervisory Panel (FSP), which is used for
alarm monitoring and reset control for power converters. The bottom of the
cabinet contains the integral cooling unit (for applications that require
cooling), which provides forced air ventilation for the cabinet. Inter-cabinet
cabling can be routed within the Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) shield
horizontally between the cabinets. The cabinets have two center-open doors
in the front and back.
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Cabinet dimensions
All HLR cabinets are 1829 mm (72 inches) high and support four shelves that
are each 330 mm (13 inches) high and 660 mm (26 inches) deep. The cabinets
are one of two different widths, depending on the cabinet:
• Dual Plane Combined Core (DPCC) and Enhanced Network (ENET)
cabinets are 1067 mm (42 inches) wide.
•
Cabinetized Trunk Mobile Equipment (CTME) and Cabinetized Power
Distributed Center (CPDC) cabinets are 711 mm (28 inches) wide.
Figure 1-1 shows the basic layout of both cabinet sizes.
Figure 1-1
VCN HLR100 basic cabinets
1067 mm (42 inches)
wide
711 mm (28 inches)
wide
Frame Supervisory Panel
(FSP)
Shelf 00
Shelf 01
Shelf 00
Shelf 01
1829 mm (72 inches) high
Shelf 02
Shelf 02
Shelf 03
Shelf 03
Cooling unit
Cabinets:
Cabinets:
DPCC
ENET
CTME
CPDC
Example HLR cabinet lineups
Figure 1-2 shows the HLR cabinet lineup with XA-Core base.
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Figure 1-2
HLR cabinet lineup with XA-Core base
Local Message
Switch
Message Switch
LIU7
Cabinetized
Power
Distribution
Center
Filler
LIU7
XA-Core
LIU7
Dual-plane
combined core
(DPCC)
Link Peripheral
Processor (LPP)
Timeswitch
Timeswitch
Timeswitch
Timeswitch
Enhanced Network
(ENET) equipment
Alarm
Cross
Connect/
Office
Alarm
Alarm
Cross
Connect/
Office
Alarm
Note: The cabinets
illustrated in this
graphic are shown with
front panels removed,
to reveal the equipment.
Cabinetized
Trunk Module
Equipment
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Common cabinets
1
This section describes the common cabinets and other hardware components
included with the GSM/UMTS VCN HLR100.
Message switch in HLR with XA-Core base
The following describe the message switch:
• provides high-speed transactions that concentrate and distribute messages,
allowing other system components to communicate directly with each
other
•
acts as a hub for communications between system peripheral modules,
devices, and processors such as the core
•
houses the system clocks that provide general clocking and timing
functions
Message switch shelves
The message switch occupies the top two shelves of the DPCC cabinet and
consists of two message switches (MS0 and MS1). Each message switch is
controlled by a Motorola 68000 series 32-bit microprocessor and occupies
one shelf.
The message switch access ports are configured as DS512 fiber optic
interfaces.
XA-Core uses the OC-3 optical interface card.
To further ensure reliability, each message switch is connected to each
computing module plane in the Core by DS512 links. Figure 1-3 shows the
DPCC cabinet.
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Figure 1-3
DPCC cabinet
Message switch
plane 0
VCN-bus
Message switch
plane 1
Computing
plane 0
plane 1
VCN core
System
load
Cooling unit
Enhanced Network in HLR with XA-Core base
The Enhanced Network (ENET) is a nonblocking, single-staged, matrix
timeswitch. The ENET connects office alarms within the HLR, and provides
access to link interface units for CCS7 (LIU7s).
Enhanced Network cabinet and shelves
The dual-plane ENET cabinet has four shelves and terminates 64 DS512 fiber
links. Each shelf receives 128K channels from external sources and transmits
128K channels to external sources. Figure 1-4 shows an ENET cabinet.
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Figure 1-4
ENET cabinet
128K x 32K
Plane 0
128K x 32K
128K x 32K
Plane 1
128K x 32K
Cooling unit
Each ENET shelf consists of the following functional systems:
• processor and memory
•
clock and messaging
•
crosspoint
•
transmission and interface
•
power
Processor and memory The processor and memory provide operational
and diagnostic control for the ENET shelf. The Central Processing Unit
(CPU) card holds 16Mbyte of Random-Access Memory (RAM), which holds
the operating software of the ENET. It also contains 128K of Read-Only
Memory (ROM) firmware for bootloading and initialization procedures.
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Clock and messaging system The clock and messaging system consists
of the clock and message card, which provides input/output control and the
clock source for the ENET shelf. It also contains a DS512 fiber interface
paddle board that provides channelized fiber links to the message switch for
messaging. One of the links provides the clock source for synchronization
with the message switch.
Crosspoint system The crosspoint system consists of cards that form the
switching matrix. The cards are connected to other cards on the same shelf, as
well as cards on other shelves in the ENET cabinet.
Transmission and interface system The transmission and interface
system consists of the transmit and receive interfaces between the Peripheral
Modules and the crosspoint cards of ENET. The interfaces supported are fiber
(DS512) and copper (DS30).
Power system The power is provided by two +5V, 80-A power converters
and two -5V, 20-A power converters. One of each type is located at each end
of an ENET shelf and provides power for one-half of the shelf.
Link Peripheral Processor
The Link Peripheral Processor (LPP) provides the signaling interface between
the HLR and the CCS7 signaling network. The Link Peripheral Processor
cabinet equipment provides the signaling link between the HLR and the VLR
and CS using the CCS7 protocols, as shown in Figure 1-5. The signaling
connection occurs through link interface units for CCS7 (LIU7s) in the LPP
cabinet.
The following pages describe the Link Peripheral Processor cabinet and its
contents, which include duplicated local message switches and link interface
units (LIU7s). Figure 1-6 shows the LPP cabinet.
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Figure 1-5
LPP interconnections
VCN core
I/O Equip
Message switch
Network
MTM
VLR
LPP
CS
Link Peripheral Processor shelves
Figure 1-6 shows the LPP cabinet, which contains the following components:
• The Local Message Switch (LMS) shelf consists of two LMS units and
frame bus hardware. The frame bus provides connections within the Link
Peripheral Processor cabinet.
•
Three Link Interface Shelves (LIS) each contain up to 12 application
specific units (ASUs), which are configured as link interface units for
CCS7 (LIU7s). The LPP provides the following interfaces:
–
DS0A
–
V.35
–
Channelized Network Interface Unit (NIU)
Local Message Switches are high-capacity communication hubs that control
messaging among the LIU7s, and messaging between the LIU7s and the
message switch. Each LIU7 is connected to each LMS by an F-bus.
The purpose of the LIU7s is to provide the physical interface between
external signaling links and the internal signal processing functions of the
HLR. LIU7s perform the necessary routing functions on the signaling
messages, thereby relieving the Core of this function. LIU7s also process
CCS7 signaling messages that arrive from other nodes in the network.
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Figure 1-6
Link Peripheral Processor cabinet
Local
message
Local
message
Link interface shelf
Link interface units
for CCS7
Cooling unit
Equipment common to all Home Location Registers
This section describes additional components:
• The Cabinetized Trunk Module Equipment (CTME) cabinet contains
maintenance trunk modules configured as Office Alarm Units.
•
The input/output equipment, including the Maintenance and
Administration Position
•
The Cabinetized Power Distribution Center (CPDC) cabinet provides
direct current power distribution and protection to the other cabinets in the
VCN HLR100 lineup.
Cabinetized Trunk Module Equipment
The Cabinetized Trunk Module Equipment (CTME) cabinet holds office
alarm units (OAUs) and Alarm Cross connect Unit (AXUs). Office alarm
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units contain alarm circuits and control circuits. Alarm cross connect units
(AXUs) connect the OAU and the alarm display panel.
Cabinet and shelves
The CTME cabinet is 711 mm (28 inches) wide and contains four shelves.
The cabinet contains a combination of OAUs and AXUs.
When combined with the AXU, a primary alarm Maintenance Trunk Module
(MTM) serves as an OAU, and the two create a functional pair that must be
mounted together in the same cabinet. The abbreviated name for this pair of
shelves is AXU/OAU. Figure 1-7 shows a CTME cabinet with two AXU/
OAU pairs.
Cabinetized Integrated Services Module Equipment
Cabinetized Integrated Services Module (CISME) cabinets hold items that are
required for trunk testing and maintenance, tone generation, and digital
recorded announcements. The CISME replaces the CTME in new
installations and is downward compatible with CTME modules.
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Figure 1-7
Cabinetized Trunk Module Equipment cabinet
Alarm
cross connect
unit (AXU)
Office alarm
unit (OAU)
Alarm
cross connect
unit (AXU)
Office alarm
unit (OAU)
Cooling unit
Input/output equipment
HLR input/output system acts as a communications network with the message
switch as the hub. This structure relieves the control component Core of realtime intensive functions such as scanning, supervision, and digit collection. It
also moves terminal-specific functions to the peripheral modules, which frees
Core to deal with the higher-level functions.
HLR input/output system includes the Maintenance and Administration
Position (MAP).
Maintenance and Administration Position
The Maintenance and Administration Position (MAP) provides an interface
between service provider personnel and the HLR stored data. MAP
equipment communicates with HLR through a card on the input/output
controller shelf (described in this section).
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Cabinetized Power Distribution Center cabinet
The Cabinetized Power Distribution Center (CPDC) cabinet provides direct
current power distribution and protection to the other cabinets in the HLR
lineup.
The CPDC also serves as the interface between equipment lineups and the
office alarm unit, which is located in the Cabinetized Trunk Module
Equipment (CTME) cabinet. The CPDC offers electromagnetic interference
(EMI) compliance at the system level for all power distribution, and at the
cabinet level for all input power cabling.
eXtended Architecture Core
1
As with all multiprocessing systems, the key is to choose an efficient method
of dividing up the work load among processors such that real gains in
processing capacity can be realized. In addition, eXtended Architecture Core
(XA-Core) is required to run most legacy application software without
modification. The following sections describe the process in detail.
Home Location Register (HLR) with eXtended Architecture Core base
HLR includes the following equipment when eXtended Architecture Core (XACore) is the base:
• Message switch
•
Enhanced Network
•
Core
Each of these equipment types are described in the following sections.
Note: Figure 1-2 shows an example HLR cabinet lineup with XA-Core as
the base.
Home Location Register eXtended Architecture Core hardware overview
XA-Core is designed as a next generation replacement for the computing
module (CM) and System Load Module (SLM) within GSM/UMTS VCN
systems. XA-Core is designed as a direct replacement for the CM/SLM and,
as such, fits cleanly into the NSS/VCN architecture.
To allow a clean fit into existing NSS/VCN frames, XA-Core is incorporated
into a single shelf of the same height and form-factor as existing NSS/VCN
shelves. To allow circuit packs to fit into both front and rear slots, a midplane
shelf design has been adopted that provides for 18 slots in the front and 14
slots in the rear.
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The XA-Core is comprised of a single shelf containing the following three types
of cards (referred to as packs):
• Processor Element (PE)
— RHINO
— ATLAS
•
Input/Output Processor (IOP) packs
•
Shared Memory (SM) packs
Together, these packs form a high-performance, multiprocessing computing
engine that is completely scalable in terms of processing, memory, and I/O
capability. Adjusting the capacity of the system or adding another interface is
as simple as plugging in a new pack.
The operation of XA-Core is based on multiple packs (PE packs and IOP
packs) operating on a single, large, shared memory system. This memory
system, comprised of multiple shared memory (SM) packs and simply
referred to as “shared memory,” contains all data store for XA-Core, while all
program store is stored locally in cache on every processor pack.
To achieve this, XA-Core divides up the work load based on processes. When
a processor becomes free, it runs the scheduler to get the next process waiting
to run, and then executes it until swapped out by the scheduler.
To meet the demands that the XA-Core architecture places on inter-card
connectivity, a point-to-point midplane technology called eXtended
Architecture Interconnect (XAI) is employed. As shown in Figure 1-8, XAI
provides individual point-to-point connections between PE packs and IOP
packs via the SM packs. All transmitted links out of a PE or IOP are
monitored by all SM packs, and all return links (transmit out of the SM) are
monitored by all PE and IOP packs. An address field in every transaction
allows each pack to determine if that transaction is destined for it or not. All
links are bit-serial, gigabit links with noncontact connections at the receive
ports. This allows packs to be live-inserted, and also prevents a failed receive
port from potentially disabling a link that is still being shared by other packs.
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Figure 1-8
XA-Core multiprocessor architecture with XAI midplane
The PE pack is based on the PowerPC series of microprocessors. Instead of
having two processor cards running in lock-step sync (as in XA-Core release
1), XA-Core release 2 (GSM15/UMTS02 onwards) uses a variable number of
processor packs with each one executing completely independently. Fault
detection on the PE pack is provided by running two processors in sync on
each PE pack and matching all bus transactions. A symmetric
multiprocessing architecture was chosen, meaning that there is no
permanently assigned “master” PE pack. All PE packs are treated identically
such that any PE pack can and does run all code. As long as at least one PE
pack is operating without a fault, the system will operate.
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The SM pack provides for the mutual exclusion of data necessary to allow
multiple processors to execute simultaneously. This mutual exclusion is based
on the concept of ownership of data. Once a PE accesses a piece of data, it
owns that data until it is done with it. If a second processor attempts to access
that data before it has been released by the first, the shared memory pack will
send a collision notification to the second processor, telling it to terminate the
data access. This blocking will cause the second processor to abort its
execution and notify shared memory to return all of the data changed by the
aborted task to their previous values. This is termed a process rollback. The
processor then re-runs the scheduler so that it can be attempted later.
XA-Core input/output (I/O) and mass storage requirements are addressed with
a generic IOP pack and a set of small daughter cards (termed packlets) that
insert into the IOP pack. Each packlet provides some type of I/O or storage
service, and each IOP pack can accept up to two packlets. Services are provided
by population XA-Core with an appropriate number or IOP packs and, in turn,
populating each IOP pack with the required packlets. The following packlets
are available:
• SCSI tape (transportable mass storage)
•
SCSI disk (nontransportable mass storage)
•
RS-232C/422 reset terminal interface (RTIF) link
•
OC-3 core to message switch interconnect (CMIC) link
Most data transfers between PE packs and IOP packs will take place via
queues in shared memory. Because IOP packs do not have matched
processors like PE packs do, they do not have the fault detection required to
be allowed to access shared memory unchecked. To provide the necessary
protection, IOP packs are only allowed to write to special areas in shared
memory called staging areas. These areas are set up specifically to provide a
region in which to locate queues that need to be written into by the IOP. Any
IOP write access outside of these areas will be faulted. This restriction does
not apply to read accesses, so IOP packs are allowed global read access to any
data they may need.
HLR XA-Core platform on XA-Core base
The XA-Core cabinet contains a frame supervisory panel (FSP), two message
switch shelves, one filler shelf, a standard XA-Core shelf, and a high capacity
cooling unit.
Figure 1-9 shows the configuration of the XA-Core cabinet.
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Figure 1-9
XA-Core cabinet layout
The frame supervisory panel (FSP) performs supervisory, alarm, and
maintenance functions. The FSP installs in the top shelf position of the
cabinet.
The message switch shelf concentrates and distributes all internal messages
flowing into and out of the XA-Core shelf.
The pair of message switches operate in load sharing mode so that either
message switch can continue operating alone on a full message load without
message loss or service degradation. This arrangement ensures system
reliability.
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Third-party core memory extension
1
The HLR Memory Extension program (HMEM) increases HLR subscriber
capacity as part of the HLR 200. This is achieved by augmenting the memory
of the XA-Core node with the additional memory of third-party core (3PC)
nodes external to the XA-Core, and distributing subscriber data across the
system.
To make the transition to the memory-extended HLR as smooth as possible,
existing unified interactive interfaces including Subscriber Table Control and
other Command Interfaces are preserved on the XA-Core.
Figure 1-10 shows the basic organization of the 3PC Memory Extension for
HLR 200. In (a) all subscriber data is in the Core’s on-board memory. In (b)
subscriber data is split across multiple discrete SOS nodes connected by an IP
network, realizing increased datafill capacity.
Figure 1-10
3PC memory extension for Univity
(b)
(a)
XA-Core
XA-Core
3PC
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3PC
3PC
3PC
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HLR 100 Provisioning Server
1
The HLR 100 Provisioning Server is resident on an SDM, and uses Table
Control as the HLR-Core access method. This version can connect to either a
GSM16, GSM17 or GSM18 HLR-Core. See Figure 1-11.
This activity provides the following for the HLR 100 Provisioning Server
variant:
• Documentation used to install, upgrade and decommission HLR 100 PS
applications
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•
Software used to package, install, upgrade and decommission HLR 100
PS applications
•
Software used to verify the success of installation and commissioning of
HLR 100 PS applications and to assist with troubleshooting
•
Rebranding of HLR-PS Table Control version to Nortel HLR 100
Provisioning Server.
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Figure 1-11
Example HLR 100 Provisioning Server Architecture
Customer
Provisioning
Systems
CEM
Telco LAN
HLR 100
Provisioning
Server
Other SDM
Applications
SDM
DS512
SDM Base
HLR-Core
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HLR100 Basic Services
2
Basic Services are services that offer a “calling facility” to the subscriber for
speech, data and fax calls as well as SMS. Each basic service is associated
with an MSISDN. A subscriber can be provisioned with many basic services
and potentially have more than one MSISDN. Basic Services are grouped in
Basic Service Groups (BSGs).
Teleservices
2
A teleservice is characterized by the full set of attributes, referring to the layers
1–7 of the OSI reference model. It provides the complete capability— including
terminal equipment functions—for communications between users. The
following teleservices are supported:
• “Telephony”
•
“Emergency”
•
“Auxiliary speech”
•
“Fax”
•
“Short Message Service”
•
“Voice Group Services”
Telephony
The speech service Telephony is considered to be the most important service
in the UMTS system. It provides the capability of basic communications
between the mobile user and network, or mobile user to mobile user.
Emergency
Emergency call service provides the capability for the mobile to connect to an
emergency center in the specific UMTS PLMN.
Auxiliary speech
This is also known as the Alternate Line Service. It is a proprietary service
which associates a second telephony MSISDN with a subscriber for
telephony calls. The two lines have separate Supplementary Service profiles
and are billed separately.
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Fax
Fax3
This services allows the connection of CCITT group 3 fax apparatus to and
from a mobile station. Data rates for the Fax service can be up to 14.4 kbps at
MAP version 3 and higher.
Alternate speech/fax
This service provides the services of speech and fax alternately within the
same call controlled by the handset. Data rates for the Fax portion of the call
can be up to 14.4 kbps.
Short Message Service
Short Message Service (SMS) is a service that provides the means of sending
messages of a limited size to and from user equipment. The VCN HLR100
supports Mobile-Terminated and Mobile-Originated SMS.
Note: SMS applies to the VCN HLR100 and the Third Generation
Serving General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Tunneling Protocol (GTP)
Support Nodes (3G SGSN).
Short Message Mobile Terminated
For Mobile-Terminated SMS (SMMT), the VCN HLR100 provides the Short
Message Service Gateway Mobile-services Switching Center with routing
information for user equipment so that a short message can be dispatched to
that user equipment.
Short Message Mobile Originated
For Mobile-Originated SMS (SMMO), the VCN HLR100 is responsible for
the provisioning and deprovisioning of the service and propagating the
subscription changes to the VLR and the SGSN.
Voice Group Services
Voice Broadcast Service (VBS) and Voice Group Call Service (VGCS)
constitute the basic service group Voice Group Services (VGS).
VBS allows the distribution of speech generated by a VBS subscriber to the
members of a predefined group in a geographical area that is defined in the
GCR of the VLR.
VGCS allows speech conversation of a predefined group of subscribers in a
geographical area. The concept of VGCS is similar to that of VBS. In
addition, VGCS provides the possibility of dynamically changing the talking
user.
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Voice Group Services (VGS) have the following functions:
• Stores data associated with VBS or VGCS used by service applications
— The Group IDs against the International Mobile Subscriber Identities
(IMSIs) of the authorized VBS or VGCS subscribers
— Call initiation permission in case of roaming out-of-HPLMN on a
VBS or VGCS subscriber basis
— Call initiation entitlement of a VBS subscriber regarding the
authorization of each group
— Supplementary Services (SS) information of a VBS or VGCS
subscriber
— The VBS or VGCS group IDs used by a VBS or VGCS subscriber
roaming out of the HPLMN
•
Provides up-to-date service provisioning data to the VLR through
messaging
— Embedded ISD or Embedded multiple ISD
— DSD
— Standalone ISD or Standalone multiple ISD
Bearer Services
2
The VCN HLR100 supports Mobile-originated and Mobile-terminated data
services, that are provisioned at the VCN HLR100. VCN HLR100 supports
the data services shown in Table 2-1. The User Equipment (UE) can have
more than one Bearer Service or Teleservice provisioned.
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Table 2-1
Data Services supported by VCN HLR100
Bearer Service or Teleservice Group name
Service name
Bearer Service
Groups:
Circuit Duplex Asynchronous General
Bearer Service (CDAGBS)
Data CDA 300 bpsData CDA 1200
bpsData CDA 1200/75 bpsData CDA
2400 bpsData CDA 4800 bpsData
CDA 9600 bpsData CDA 14.4 Kbps
Circuit Duplex Synchronous General
Bearer Service (CDSGBS)
Data CDS 1200 bpsData CDS 2400
bpsData CDS 4800 bpsData CDS
9600 bpsData CDA 14.4 Kbps
Unrestricted Digital Information (UDI)
Data CDA 300 bpsData CDA 1200
bpsData CDA 2400 bpsData CDA
4800 bpsData CDA 9600 bps
Unrestricted Digital Information (UDI)
Data CDS 1200 bpsData CDS 2400
bpsData CDS 4800 bpsData CDS
9600 bps
Dual data services
Alternate Speech and Data
Speech followed by Data
Teleservices
Group:
Speech
Telephony
Emergency calls
Aux Speech
Aux Telephony
Short Messages
Mobile terminated
Mobile originated
Facsimile
Automatic facsimile group 3
Alternate Speech/Fax 3
Circuit Data Asynchronous
This service provides the capability to send and receive asynchronous data.
This service can be provisioned as an individual speed or as a group of speeds:
• CDA300
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•
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•
CDA2400
•
CDA4800
•
CDA9600
When the group is provisioned, all six individual services are sent in an ISD.
When the group is deprovisioned, all six individual services are sent in a
DSD.
Circuit Data Synchronous
This service provides the capability to send and receive synchronous data.This
service can be provisioned as an individual speed or as a group of speeds:
• CDS1200
•
CDS2400
•
CDS4800
•
CDS9600
When the group is provisioned, all four individual services are sent in an ISD.
When the group is deprovisioned, all four individual services are sent in a
DSD.
Dual data services
The dual data services are as follows:
• “Alternate speech data”
•
“Speech followed by data”
Alternate speech data
This service provides the capability to swap between speech and data during a
call. The Alternate Speech CDA (ALTSPCDA) service belongs to the CDA
BSG and the Alternate Speech CDS (ALTSPCDS) service belongs to the
CDS BSG.
Speech followed by data
This service provides a speech connection first and then at some time while
the call is in progress, the user can switch to a data connection. The user
cannot switch back to speech after the data portion.The Speech followed by
CDA (SPCHCDA) service belongs to the CDA BSG and the Speech followed
by CDS (SPCHCDS) service belongs to the CDS BSG.
General Bearer Services using CDAGBS/CDSGBS
Circuit Data Asynchronous General Bearer Service (CDAGBS) and Circuit
Data Synchronous General Bearer Service (CDSGBS) support transmission
of data above 9.6 kbps (14.4 kbps and above) as well as providing the lower
speeds (in the CDA/CDS groups above). A subscription to a General Bearer
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Service comprises subscription to all individual single services of its group.
These services belong to the CDA and CDS GBSs respectively. These
services are mutually exclusive with the lower speed CDA and CDS group
services.
V.42bis data compression
The transfer rate of data to and from the user equipment is increased through
V.42bis Data Compression. V.42bis is only applicable to nontransparent
Circuit Data Asynchronous (CDA) data calls, including the CDA data phase
of dual data calls. It provides VCN HLR100 support for routing of mobile
terminated data calls using V.42bis data compression.
V.42bis data compression uses encoding of character oriented data to reduce
the actual amount of data transferred over the air interface and thus increases
the throughput of the communications link. Supporting V.42bis at the VCN
HLR100 requires an enhancement to the existing mobile terminated data
services functionality to support the use of higher user rates over the air
interface.
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HLR Supplementary Services
3
The VCN HLR100 provisions, controls, and manages Supplementary
Services information. All Supplementary Services are provisioned through
the VCN HLR100 that stores Supplementary Services information of the
User Equipment (UE), determines its applicability to calls, and manages
interaction among the different Supplementary Services. The VCN HLR100
allows Supplementary Services to be provisioned against individuals
International Mobile Subscriber Identities (IMSIs) and against Basic Service
Groups.
User control of Supplementary Services
3
The VCN HLR100 supports the UE control of some Supplementary Services.
For some Supplementary Services, such as Call Barring, the VCN HLR100
requires the UE to use a password to activate or deactivate the service. The
VCN HLR100 manages the password of the UE and prompts the UE to
supply the password when necessary. User control of Call Waiting (CW) does
not require a password for activation or deactivation.
The VCN HLR100 also supports user interrogation of Supplementary
Services. This allows a UE to inquire if a Supplementary Service is
provisioned and applicable.
Call forwarding
3
The Call Forwarding functions have a mechanism to limit parallel Call
Forwarding invocations by a subscriber at the MSC beyond a predefined limit
(maximum subscriber limit of 2048).
Call Forward Unconditional
Call Forward Unconditional (CFU) forwards all incoming calls to a specified
destination address regardless of the current status of the Call Forwarding
Mobile Station.
Call Forward Busy
Call Forward Busy (CFB) forwards incoming calls to a specified destination
address when the Call Forwarding Mobile Station is busy.
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Call Forward No Reply
Call Forward No Reply (CFNRy) forwards an incoming call to a given
destination address when the call is not answered by the Call Forwarding
Mobile Station within a specified period of time.
Call Forward Not Reachable
Call Forward Not Reachable (CFNRc) forwards incoming calls to a specified
destination when the Call Forwarding Mobile Station is not registered, is
experiencing radio congestion, or is not responding to the page.
Call barring
3
The call barring functions are as follows:
• “Barring of All Outgoing Calls”
•
“Barring of Outgoing International Calls”
•
“Barring of Outgoing International Call - except Home Country”
•
“Barring of All Incoming Calls”
•
“Barring of All Incoming Calls when Roaming”
Barring of All Outgoing Calls
Prevents the UE that has activated Barring of All Outgoing Calls (BAOC)
from making any outgoing calls, except emergency calls.
Barring of Outgoing International Calls
Allows the UE with Barring of Outgoing International Calls (BOIC) to call
only subscribers of any PLMN or fixed network in the country that the user
equipment with BOIC is currently roaming.
Barring of Outgoing International Call - except Home Country
Allows the UE with Barring of Outgoing International Calls - except Home
Country (BOICEXHC) to internationally call only subscribers of its home
PLMN country. The UE with BOIC-exHC can also call subscribers locally
within the visited PLMN where it is currently roaming.
Barring of All Incoming Calls
Barring of All Incoming Calls (BAIC) prevents the UE from receiving any
incoming calls.
Barring of All Incoming Calls when Roaming
Barring of Incoming Calls when Roaming (BAICROAM) prevents the UE
from receiving any incoming calls if the UE is roaming outside of the Home
PLMN country of the UE.
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Line ID services
3
The line ID services are as follows:
• “Calling Line Identification Presentation”
•
“Calling Line Identification Restriction”
•
“Connected Line Identification Presentation”
•
“Connected Line Identification Restriction”
Calling Line Identification Presentation
Calling Line Identification Presentation (CLIP) provides the called UE with
identification information about the calling party.
Calling Line Identification Restriction
Calling Line Identification Restriction (CLIR) restricts the display of
identification information about the calling UE to the called party. The UE
can choose to apply CLIR to all calls or only selected calls
Connected Line Identification Presentation
Connected Line Identification Presentation (COLP) allows the calling party
to be presented with the Connected Line Identification (CoLI) of the
connected party.
Connected Line Identification Restriction
Connected Line Identification Restriction (COLR) provides the connected
party the ability to block the presentation of the Connected Party Number
(COPN) to the origination party.
Call offer
3
Explicit Call Transfer (ECT) allows a UE to transfer an established held call
to a second that is either active or ringing.
Call completion
3
Call completion are as follows:
• “Call Wait”
•
“Call Hold”
Call Wait
Call Wait allows the UE to be notified of an incoming call (the called UE
answers, rejects, or ignores) while the called UE is in the busy state.
Call Hold
Call Hold allows the UE to place an active call on hold or retrieve a currently
held call.
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Multiparty services
3
Allows the UE with MPTY Service to make up to six-way conference calls
by joining a held and an active call into one conference call using a
conference bridge.
Community of interest
3
Closed user group (CUG) enables the UE to form a user group to and from
which access is controlled. A specific user can be a member of one or more
CUGs (10 CUGs maximum).
Information transfer
3
User-to-user signaling, type 1 (UUS1) is a UMTS-defined Supplementary
Service supported at the MAP. The UUS1 is provisioned against the
International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) in table GHLRSSOP.
The UUS1 Supplementary Service allows the subscriber to send or receive a
limited amount of subscriber generated information to or from another user in
association with a call to the user.
The VCN HLR100 supports UUS1:
• The UUS1 Supplementary Service is activated by the service provider as
a result of provisioning table GHLRSSOP. The VCN HLR100 supports
provisioning for each prescribers.
•
The UUS1 Supplementary Service is deactivated by the service provider
as a result of removal from table GHLRSSOP. The VCN HLR100
supports the removal of UUS1 for each persubscriber.
•
The VCN HLR100 supports the propagation of UUS1 service information
to the Visitor Location Register (VLR):
— When the UUS1 service is added or changed for the subscriber, this
information is sent in a standalone Insert Subscriber Data (ISD)
message.
— If the UUS1 is deleted from the subscriber, UUS1 service information
is removed from the VLR by a Delete Subscriber Data (DSD)
message.
— sent during Update Location (UL) or Restore Data (RD) using ISD
•
The VCN HLR100 supports the screening:
— The VCN HLR100 holds screening information concerning UUS1,
against VLRs of a specific CLASS and VERSION in table
GHLRNDSC. This allows the screening out of UUS1 information
when the UE is at a VLR that does not support it.
— QVLR command is updated due to screening changes for UUS1.
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•
This activity provides subscriber database support for the following.
— Adds Supplementary Service UUS1 to the table GHLRSSOP.
— Enhance GHLRADM3 OM group to cover UUS1 functionality
•
Supported tools are the HLRADMIN commands QIMSI or QMSISDN
that display UUS1 SS information.
•
CISS is not supported for UUS1.
Charging
3
Charging services are as follows:
• “Advice of charge information”
•
“Advice of charge charging”
Advice of charge information
AOCI is the Supplementary Service that allows a UE to display the cost of a
call in real-time.
Advice of charge charging
AOCC is the Supplementary Service that allows a UE to be charged in realtime for a call.
Call priority
3
The enhanced Multi-Level Precedence and Preemption (eMLPP)
Supplementary Service provides various levels of precedence for call setup
and call continuity in case of handover. The UUS1 Supplementary Service
provides the ability to transfer limited amounts of user-generated information
between end users. These services are activated by the service provider as a
result of provisioning. The provisioning information is propagated to the
VLR by stand alone ISD, DSD, and embedded ISD during update Update
Location (UL) or Restore Data (RD).
The administrative interface to the VCN HLR100 Database is supported
through VCN Table Control. This activity extends a VCN HLR100 table and
does not create a new table.
eMLPP is a UMTS-defined Supplementary Service supported at the MAP
according to the UMTS 29.002 V 3.8.0. The eMLPP is provisioned against an
International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI). This Supplementary Service
is defined by the UMTS 29.002 V 3.8.0, UMTS 03.67 V 5.1.1.
The eMLPP Service provides different call priorities in combination with fast
call set-up and preemption for different applications.
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The default and maximum precedence levels of a subscriber are set at the
subscription time by the service provider, based on the subscribers need. The
subscriber can have a precedence level up to and including the maximum
precedence level subscribed to, on a per call basis.
There are 7 priority levels provisioned on the VCN HLR100. These seven
priority levels are offered for subscription and can be applied globally, for
example, on interswitch trunks, if supported by all related network elements,
and also for interworking with ISDN MLPP service.
These seven priority levels are compliant with European Telecommunications
Standards Institute (ETSI) Priority Levels.
• A—Subscription, highest
•
B—Subscription
•
0—Subscription
•
1—Subscription
•
2—Subscription
•
3—Subscription
•
4—Subscription
The VCN HLR100 supports the eMLPP:
• eMLPP Supplementary Service is activated by the service provider as a
result of provisioning table GHLRSSOP. The VCN HLR100 supports
provisioning for each persubscriber.
•
eMLPP Supplementary Service is deactivated by the service provider as a
result of removal table GHLRSSOP. The VCN HLR100 supports removal
of eMLPP for each persubscriber.
•
VCN HLR100 supports the propagation of eMLPP service information to
the VLR:
— When the eMLPP service is added to the subscriber or when the
priority level is changed using table control, this information is sent
using a standalone ISD.
— If the eMLPP is deleted from the subscriber, eMLPP service
information is removed from using DSD.
— It is sent during Update Location (UL) or Restore Data (RD) using
ISD.
•
The VCN HLR100 supports the screening:
— The VCN HLR100 holds screening information concerning eMLPP,
against VLRs of a specific CLASS and VERSION in table
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GHLRNDSC. This allows the screening out of eMLPP information
when the UE is at a VLR that does not support it.
— QVLR command is updated due to screening enhancements for
eMLPP.
•
CISS procedures are not supported for eMLPP.
•
VCN HLR100 provides subscriber database support.
— This support adds Supplementary Service, eMLPP, with a maximum
and default priority level to the table GHLRSSOP.
— Enhanced GHLRADM3 OM group to cover the eMLPP functionality
•
Supported tools are the HLRADMIN commands, QIMSI or QMSISDN,
that display eMLPP SS information.
Wireless Priority Service
Wireless Priority Service (WPS) is a subscription service that provides
authorized users to obtain priority access to the network during call setup and
maintain end-to-end priority treatment based on their subscribed priority level
in situations when network congestion is blocking call attempts (for example,
during a national emergency).
Subscribers wanting to use WPS must dial the WPS access code followed by
the destination number. WPS provides priority access to the network but does
not guarantee service.
WPS data is not processed in the HLR but is sent to the VLR as part of the
ISD message. Support for WPS is provided by reusing the existing support
for the Enhanced Multi Level Precedence and Priority (eMLPP) service.
WPS can be provisioned for 2G or 3G subscribers. WPS is not supported in
the Packet Switched (PS) domain.
The HLR can be configured to support either WPS or eMLPP. Support for
WPS or eMLPP is mutually exclusive.
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Public Land Mobile Network-specific Supplementary Services
3
The Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) services are as follows:
• “Hot billing”
•
“Calling Name Display”
•
“Malicious Call Trace”
•
“Account Code”
•
“Class of Service”
•
“Local Calls Only”
Hot billing
Hot billing provides the capability to indicate, on a per-subscriber basis, if a
subscriber’s billing records are to be classified as hot. Hot-billed records are
processed ahead of normal records.
Calling Name Display
Calling Name Display (CNAM) allows the name of the calling party to be
displayed on the user equipment of the terminator.
Malicious Call Trace
Malicious Call Trace (MCT) provides the UE with the ability to invoke a log
report of the last incoming call. Can be invoked at any point in the call and
also immediately following termination of the call.
Account Code
The Account Code functionality enables the wireless operator to provide
subscribers with the Account Codes feature commonly provided by the
wireline operators.
Account Code functionality can be divided into three categories.
• Account Code Voluntary (ACV)
— Account Code Voluntary feature allows subscribers to enter Account
Codes of any length. Failure to enter an Account Code does not cause
the call to be released.
•
Verified Account Code Required (ACR)
— Subscriber must enter the Account Code of correct length. Failure to
input an Account Code of correct length will cause the call to be
released.
•
Nonverified Account Code Required (ACR)
— Subscriber must enter the Account Code, but the exact length of the
Account Code is not verified by the GSM/UMTS MSC.
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The Account Code feature enables subscribers to dial a specific number
(account code) in the dialing sequence. This number is captured in the billing
record to be charged to different persons or accounts. This feature supports
the capability of allowing the subscriber to include an Account Code before
the call origination is completed. The format is as follows:
Called Number + # + Account Code
Account Code is applicable to all basic services except Emergency Calls.
Account Code is provisioned and activated on a per subscriber basis and is
applicable to all basic service groups.
Class of Service
Class of Service (COS) provides Customer Group (CUSTGRP) and Network
Class of Service (NCOS) classifications to the UE within a user group. These
classifications allow a community of subscribers to have uniform and groupspecific services.
Applications of COS include Hotline Routing and Private Numbering Plan.
Local Calls Only
Local Calls Only (LCO) allows the UE to call only to a specific set of local
destination numbers. LCO subscribers cannot call beyond the local source
area in which they are roaming.
Extension services
3
Extension services allow the subscriber or Extension service pilot to associate
with a group of Dialed Numbers (DNs) and/or MSISDNs representing
Extension service members. When an incoming call is received for the pilot,
the members are alerted either simultaneously or sequentially or in a
predefined combination of the two.
Anonymous Call Reject
3
ACRJ allows a subscriber to reject calls from a number having its calling line
identification number presentation set to restricted. Can only be provisioned
when CLIP Override is not provisioned.
Functional addressing–Follow Me
3
Follow Me (FM) is the UMTS feature that allows users to call with their
Functional Numbers (FN) rather than MSISDN, where FNs identify both
functions and applications.
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VCN HLR100 functionality for FM is to pass:
• any request relative to FM from a mobile to the FM Functional Node
(FFN) with VLR with MSISDN if the subscription and functional
checking are confirmed. The functional checking covers Basic Service
(BS) and Class Of Registration (COR) checks.
•
the result of the request back from FFN to the mobile with VLR
transparently
A UE that wants to use the FM feature has to subscribe to the FM
Supplementary Service (SS). No ISD and DSD messages are needed for FM
SS.
This activity is based on related ETSI specifications and uses Unstructured
Supplementary Service Data (USSD).
FM is a UMTS service that allows a call to be setup based on the function of
the call originator and call terminator, instead of the MSISDN. FM consists of
two distinct parts in a UMTS network:
• FM Registration Management (registration, deregistration, interrogation,
and forced erasure)
•
Call Setup
Intended usage of FM is for operators. Internal numbers and parameters are
operator specific.
The FM Registration Management is performed by using USSD messaging.
The responsibility is divided into two logical parts:
• Home Location Register (HLR) — As the VCN HLR100 stores all
subscriber based data, all registration related requests initiated by a
mobile come first to the VCN HLR100 for verification based on the
subscribers subscription data. These requests come to the VCN HLR100
with the VLR, using USSD messaging.
•
Follow-Me Functional Node (FFN) — If no error is encountered in the
VCN HLR100, it passes the request with the MSISDN to the FFN to be
processed. The FFN provides registration, deregistration, interrogation or
forced erasure, based on the request type and sends the result back to the
mobile with the VCN HLR100 and VLR.
See Figure 3-1 for a sample Follow-Me USSD message diagram.
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Figure 3-1
USSD Message Diagram for Follow Me Registration Management
MSC/VLR
FFN
HLR
PUSSR Indication
PUSSR Request
PUSSR Confirmation
PUSSR Response
For call setup, requests from the VLR are processed by the FFN that provides
the VLR the MSISDN that corresponds to the FN. The VCN HLR100 is not
involved in FM call setup.
Operator Determined Barring
3
Operator Determined Barring (ODB) is a GSM-defined service which allows
the network operator or service provider to regulate access by the subscribers
to GSM services, by barring certain categories of outgoing or incoming calls
or of roaming. One application of ODB might be to those subscribers who
have not promptly paid their bills.
Outgoing flavors (Class 1)
Outgoing ODB-flavors are mutually exclusive and consist of the following:
• Barring of all outgoing calls (ODB-BAOC). This ODB category, when
provisioned and active, bars the MS from making all outgoing calls.
•
Barring of all outgoing international calls (ODB-BOIC). This ODB
category, when provisioned and active, bars the MS from making
outgoing international calls.
•
Barring of all outgoing international calls not to the home country (ODBBOICexHC). This ODB category, when provisioned and active, bars the
MS from making outgoing international calls which are not towards the
Home Country.
•
Barring of all outgoing calls when roaming outside the HPLMN country
(ODB-BAOCROAM). This ODB category, when provisioned and active,
bars the MS from making outgoing calls when roaming outside his
HPLMN country.
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The VCN HLR100 allows the use of the ODB in a Phase 1 network by allowing
the following ODB-categories to be mapped to the equivalent SS barring
categories:
• ODB BOIC is mapped to Supplementary Service Barring of Outgoing
International Calls (SS BOIC).
•
ODB BOICEXHC is mapped to Supplementary Service Barring of
Outgoing International Calls Except those directed to the Home PLMN
Country (SS BOICEXHC).
Mapping is done according to the screening mechanism of VCN HLR100.
The screening mechanism depends on the GHLRNDSC screening table.
Incoming flavors (Class 2)
Incoming ODB-flavors are mutually exclusive and consist of the following:
• Barring of all incoming calls - ODB BAIC, when provisioned, bars the
subscriber from receiving any incoming calls and mobile terminated short
messages.
•
Barring of all incoming calls when roaming outside the HPLMN country This ODB category, when provisioned and active, bars the MS from
receiving any incoming calls and mobile terminated short messages when
roaming outside his HPLMN country.
Roaming types (Class 3)
The Roaming ODB-types consist of:
• Barring of Roaming Outside the HPLMN - The subscriber is barred from
roaming outside of the HPLMN
•
Barring of Roaming Outside the HPLMN Country - The subscriber is
barred from roaming outside of the HPLMN country.
The VCN HLR100 recognizes these ODB-types as per the Roaming tables on
the HLR. This ODB Class is not provisionable to the subscriber.
Premium-rate types (Class 4)
When provisioned premium-rate ODB types bar the subscriber from making
outgoing calls which are classified as premium rate. The following categories
are supported:
• ODB of Outgoing Premium Rate Calls For Information - for example: a
regional weather line.
•
ODB of Outgoing Premium Rate Calls For Entertainment - for example:
an astrology call up line.
Premium rate ODB restrictions at the HLR are based upon dialed digits at call
forward registration. The responsibility of the VCN HLR100 is to process the
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call forwarding digits at call forwarding registration time to ensure that call
forwarding registration to Premium Rate numbers are denied. Barred
numbers for Premium Rate categories are operator definable in the VCN
HLR100.
Home Public Land Mobile Network-specific flavors (Class 5)
HPLMN-specific ODB flavors are only applicable when the subscriber is
located in the HPLMN. When the subscriber roams outside the HPLMN,
these ODB flavors are suppressed.
The following HPLMN-specific ODB barrings are supported on the VCN
HLR100:
• Operator Specific Barring Type 1
•
Operator Specific Barring Type 2
•
•
This form of ODB-barring is operator definable. The Nortel VCN HLR100
has chosen to implement ODB-HPLMN specific barring based upon dialed
digits (similar to that for Premium rate ODB). HPLMN-specific ODB
restrictions at the HLR are based upon dialed digits at call forward
registration. The responsibility of the VCN HLR100 is to process the call
forwarding digits at call forwarding registration time to ensure that call
forwarding registration to chosen numbers are denied. Barred numbers for
HPLMN-specific categories are operator definable in the VCN HLR100.
CISS management (Class 6)
A provisioned ODB CISS, bars the MS from using CISS management
operations.The VCN HLR100 handles barring of management of the following
call independent Supplementary Service operations:
• activation
•
deactivation
•
registration
•
erasure
•
password registration
•
interrogation
•
processing unstructured SS data
ODB CISS does not affect the invocation of a currently activated
Supplementary Service. Active call forwarding programs are not affected.
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Explicit Call Transfer types (Class 8)
Operator Determined Barring for Explicit Call Transfer (ODBECT) is a GSMdefined phase 2+ service supported at version 3. It allows the network operator
or service provider to regulate access by the subscribers to ECT services, by
barring certain categories of outgoing or incoming calls. The following
categories are supported by the VCN HLR100:
• Barring of invocation of call transfer (BAECT-allECT-Barred).
•
Barring of invocation of call transfer where at least one of the two calls is
a call charged to the served subscriber (BCHDECT-chargeableECTbarred).
•
Barring of invocation of call transfer where at least one of the two calls is
a call charged to the served subscriber at international rates, i.e. the call is
either an outgoing international call or an incoming call when the served
subscriber roams outside the HPLMN country (BINTECTinternationalECT-Barred).
•
Barring of invocation of call transfer where both calls are charged to the
served subscriber (BDBCECT-doublyChargeableECT-Barred).
Note: BAECT, BCHDECT and BINTECT are mutually exclusive, only
one of these options can be provisioned at any one time. BDBCECT,
however, can be provisioned with one of the other three categories or
independently.
Conditional Call Forwarding registration (Proprietary)
UMTS subscribers can be configured so that they are only allowed to change
or cancel unconditional call forward. It eliminates the possibility that a
subscriber cancels the conditional call forward to a voice mail service. The
service provider can remove the subscribers control of these services through
the use of Operator Determined Barring of Conditional Call Forwarding
Subscriber Management (ODBBCCFMGT).Operator Determine Barring of
Conditional Call Forwarding Subscriber Management allows service
providers to prohibit subscribers from erasing, deactivating, and reregistering
conditional call forwarded numbers of Supplementary Services.
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HLR functionality description
4
This chapter introduces UMTS Voice Core Network Home Location Register
100 (VCN HLR100) functionality.
Roaming and regional subscription
4
The roaming and regional subscriptions are as follows:
• “General roaming description”
•
“Regional Subscription Zone Identifier (RSZI)”
General roaming description
VCN HLR100 supports user equipment in roaming to other Public Land
Mobile Networks (PLMNs), both within and outside of the home country of
the user equipment. It allows user equipment to receive incoming and place
outgoing calls while outside of the home PLMN. The VCN HLR100 offers
the flexibility of a Roaming Restriction mechanism that allows the VCN
HLR100 operator to specify, for each subscriber, what VLR areas and
PLMNs a UE can and cannot roam.
VCN HLR100 uses a Service Screening mechanism to control the level of
services available to a UE. Service Screening can either prevent a UE from
roaming to a PLMN that does not support particular services, or restrict
particular services while the UE roams. Service Screening details are
determined by the VCN HLR100 operator.
Regional Subscription Zone Identifier (RSZI)
As of GSM16, NortelNortels’ HLR supports the UMTS-defined Regional
Subscription service. This feature also adds support for Zone Codes (ZC) in
Version 2 and Version 3 Insert Subscriber Data (ISD) and Delete Subscriber
Data (DSD) MAP messages.
Previously, the UMTS operator specified the roaming entitlement of a mobile
subscriber solely in terms of PLMN, national, and international roaming.
The Regional Subscription service now allows UMTS operators the
capability to further refine the network service area into Regional
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Subscription Areas (RSA) and to restrict a subscriber’s roaming area to an
assigned RSA.
RSAs are defined at the HLR and are associated with subscribers through the
existing VCN HLR100 roaming tables. Regional Subscription information is
sent to VLRs as appropriate and the VLRs are responsible for evaluating the
subscribers Regional Subscription entitlement.
Regional Subscription is an optional service and does not affect the existing
inter-PLMN roaming functionality of the VCN HLR100.
Regional Subscription Area (RSA)
A Regional Subscription Area (RSA) is a subset of the service area of an
unrestricted MS. It may be contained within a single PLMN, or may lie
within the service areas of two or more PLMNs. Each RSA consists of one or
more Regional Subscription Zones (RSZ). Each RSZ is contained within the
service area of a PLMN.
The following diagrams show how a RSA is constructed. illustrates how a
VLR is made up of one or more LACs.
Figure 4-1 shows how a PLMN made up of four VLRs can be divided up into
several RSZs. Each RSZ is a collection of LACs, some comprising entire
VLRs.
Figure 4-1
VLR area showing LACs
Note that the same PLMN can be divided into different RSZs for different
subscriber requirements, the smallest unit of an RSZ being the LAC. The
Regional Subscription Zone is defined by the Regional Subscription Zone
Identifier (RSZI).
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HLR functionality description 4-3
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Figure 4-2 shows how several RSZs can be combined to give a subscriber’s
RSA. Note that the RSA illustrated in straddles two PLMNs.
Figure 4-2
A PLMN divided into three regional subscription zones (RSZs)
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Application context negotiation
4
The VCN HLR100 supports Mobile Application Part (MAP) Application
Context (AC) negotiations. Application Context negotiation allows the
highest supported AC version to be used in a mixed-phase Public Land
Mobile Network (PLMN).
It allows the VCN HLR100 to negotiate with another entity, such as a VLR,
in a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) to determine the highest common
version of an AC supported by both entities.
For example, when the VCN HLR100 initiates a dialog with a VLR, the VCN
HLR100 sends the highest version of the AC supported by the VCN HLR100.
If the VLR supports that AC version, it responds to the VCN HLR100 that the
version is accepted and proceeds with the dialog.
However, if the VLR only supports a lower version, it aborts the dialog and
rejects the version requested by the VCN HLR100. Optionally, the VLR
indicates the version it supports as part of the abort message. The VCN
HLR100 attempts to reinitiate a dialog using a lower AC version. The dialog
can be repeated several times until the VCN HLR100 and the VLR have
found a common AC version that they both support.
Call routing
4
The types of call routing are as follows:
• “SRI/PRN”
•
“SRI/PSI”
SRI/PRN
When a MAP Version 3 SRI message with the Alerting Pattern parameter is
received at the VCN HLR100, and if a PRN is invoked by the VCN HLR100,
the optional parameter Alerting Pattern is passed transparently in the PRN
message to the VLR.
SRI/PSI
The SRI operation is used by the GMSC to request routing information from
the VCN HLR100 for a specific subscriber in a mobile terminating call.
Upon receiving an SRI request, the VCN HLR100 can respond immediately
with an SRI acknowledgement or start a dialog with the subscribers VLR by
sending a PSI or Provide Roaming Number (PRN) request. When a PSI/PRN
is invoked, the information returned by the VLR as a PSI/PRN
acknowledgement is passed to the GMSC in the SRI acknowledgement.
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The response of the VCN HLR100 to a specific SRI request depends on the
parameters included in that request and the subscribers subscription
information.
Figure 4-3 represents a typical SRI/PSI sequence.
Figure 4-3
Example system-level transactions in an SRI/PSI sequence
GMSC
VLR
HLR
SRI (........);
PSI (..........
_____requestedInfo....);
SRI Ack(.......
________subscriberInfo);
PSI Ack(......
Prepaging support
In a GSM mobile terminated call, the called mobile station is not paged until
after the SRI/PRN procedure is completed and the Mobile Subscriber
Roaming Number (MSRN) call leg is received. This results in a call path
being set up through the network between the GMSC and the VMSC before
the mobile station has been paged. In some circumstances, this call path can
turn out to be unnecessary if the mobile station does not accept the call, for
example, due to out of coverage or radio congestion. This represents an
inefficient usage of network resources.
The prepaging mechanism is a means of using network resources in a more
efficient manner. In this context, prepaging in GSM network refers to the case
where the called mobile is paged during the SRI/PRN procedure, that is
before the VMSC/VLR returns the PRN Response to the HLR. In case the
paging process is unsuccessful, (for example, mobile not responding) the call
attempt can be terminated before it is extended to the serving network entity.
This function provides the prepaging support in HLRs. This feature supports
the prepaging Supported parameter in MAP version 3 SRI and PRN
messages.
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Upon receiving an SRI message, either version 1, 2 or 3, HLR then checks for
the following conditions to decide whether to perform Prepaging by adding the
prepaging Supported parameter in the outgoing version 3 PRN message:
• the value of the PRE_PAGE_ON parameter
•
the value of the PRE_PAGE_MODE parameter
•
the presence of the prepaging Supported parameter in the incoming SRI
message
•
the result of the screening of the GMSC address against table
GHLRGMSC
•
the result of the screening of the VLR address against the value of the
VLR_MODE parameter
When all the above conditions are met and V3 PRN message is supported in
the VLR, the HLR sends out a V3 PRN message with the prepaging
Supported parameter, regardless of the version of the incoming SRI message
received from the GMSC.
This feature can be broken down into the following functional components:
• Prepaging Feature Control
•
GMSC Screening
•
VLR Screening
•
Support of prepaging Supported flag in SRI and PRN
•
Overriding of the PRN timer
To provide flexible control to customers, two parameters, PRE_PAGE_ON
and PRE_PAGE_MODE, are added in table GHLRPARM to allow the
customer to control the prepaging functionality.
Equal access
4
The types of equal access is as follows:
• “North American IS-41 PIC (V2)”
•
“GSM standardized NAEA-PCI (V3)”
North American IS-41 PIC (V2)
For the North American marketplace primarily, the VCN HLR100 provides
support for Equal Access. Equal Access is defined as the ability of a user to
choose an Interexchange Carrier (IC/INC) for call attempts that do not
terminate on their network or within a local exchange network directly
connected to their network.
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Major functions provided by Equal Access include the following:
• It allows the end user to select the default long distance carrier for all long
distance calls.
•
It allows the end user to override the presubscribed long distance carrier
and to use a different long distance carrier.
•
All interLATA calls (in whirling case) are subject to equal access calls.
•
Interrelate calls are carried by LATA and all nonlegal calls are subject to
toll calls.
GSM standardized NAEA-PCI (V3)
The existing North American Equal Access (EA) is supported at the VCN
HLR100 to allow support for the Preferred Carrier Identifier (PCI) parameter.
This activity does not modify the VCN HLR100 database, and Equal Access
is not applicable to GPRS networks.
Support for Equal Access requirements
The VCN HLR100 stores the NAEA PCI data for each subscriber and
propagates the data to the GMSC and VLR, using MAP parameters as defined
for the MAP operations ISD and SRI in UMTS specification 29.002.
After the propagation of data to the GMSC and VLR the following support
information is provided.
• VCN HLR100 datafill provisions the PCI for each subscriber in table
GHLREA, in field PIC
•
ISD supports the propagation of the PCI to the VLR in ISD messages,
both in stand-alone operation and in framed mode within an Update
Locate or Restore Data sequence
•
SRI supports propagation of the PCI to the GMSC in SRI Response
messages. If a successful SRI response is sent, the PCI is always included
if the PCI is provisioned for the subscriber
•
Backward compatibility support between the PIC and PCI. The datafill in
the PIC field in table GHLREA is encoded and sent by the VCN HLR100
both as a PIC and as a PCI in SRI/ISD. It is the responsibility of the
receiving node (GMSC or VLR) to determine which field to use as the
carrier of the subscriber.
Default call forwarding
4
Default Call Forwarding (DCF) provides the capability on the VCN HLR100
so the operator can supply a default Forward-To-Number (FTN) if a
subscriber has been provisioned with Conditional Call Forwarding and fails
to register a number for conditional Call Forwarding Flavors (CCF) or if a
CCF Forward-To-Number (FTN) is registered but not activated.
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The HLR also provides the operator with a report mechanism that can be used
to analyze the subscriber’s activated Call Forwarding behavior. Information
is provided on the number of subscribers with Call Forward Supplementary
Services provisioned as well as tracking information on the number of
subscribers with an active and unsuppressed FTN.
Call Independent Supplementary Services
4
A request for one of the Call Independent Supplementary Services (CISS)
procedures is communicated with the VLR to the GSM/UMTS HLR100.
Each of the procedures begins with a component specifying the operation
requested (Register, Erase, Interrogate) and the necessary input data. The
VLR inserts the IMSI and VLR numbers into the dialog portion of the
message. The GSM/UMTS HLR100 supports the handling of only one CISS
component in the message.
RegSS/EraSS
Registration of a Supplementary Service is the input by the subscriber or the
service provider of data required for the operation of the service (for example
forwarding data). Registration may imply activation, or the Supplementary
Service may already be active. If the service is already active then registration
involves the storage of new data (for example new forwarding data).
Conversely, erasure is the deletion by the service provider or the subscriber of
data stored with respect to a specific service by a previous registration.
Erasure implies deactivation of the Supplementary Service. Register/Erase
currently only apply to call forward services.
ActSS/DeactSS
Activation of a Supplementary Service is an input by the served mobile
subscriber or the service provider indicating a desire for the concerned
Supplementary Service to be activated.
Deactivation of a Supplementary Service is an input by the served mobile
subscriber or the service provider indicating a desire for the concerned
Supplementary Service to be deactivated.
IntSS
Interrogation is the request by the subscriber to the PLMN to provide
information about a specific Supplementary Service. This information request
takes one of the following forms:
• Status Check: the provision, registration and activation status of the
specified Supplementary Service is returned.
•
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Data Check (not supported): this function compares the data input by the
subscriber during an interrogation procedure with the information in the
PLMN. The PLMN signals an appropriate indication (“check is positive”
or “check is negative”).
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•
Data Request: data associated with the specified Supplementary Service
is returned. The data request may comprise the status of the service.
RegPwd/GetPwd
On the GSM/UMTS HLR100, Call Barring services are offered to the
subscriber with the subscription option of using a password to control the
service. When this option is selected every action (related to that
Supplementary Service), such as registration, erasure, activation or
deactivation is performed by the mobile subscriber with the concurrent entry
of the password.
The procedure Register Password provides the served mobile subscriber with
the ability to change the password.
An embedded operation GetPassword is provided which may occur within
activation or deactivation, with the object of getting the user to input their
current password or in the case of password registration input new password.
Unstructured Supplementary Services data
4
This feature is related to the MAP message enhancements for the following
Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD) messages:
• Process Unstructured Supplementary Service Request (PUSSR)—MSInitiated USSD Requested Message
•
Unstructured Supplementary Service Notify (USSN)—NW-Initiated
USSD Notify Message
•
Unstructured Supplementary Service Request (USSR)—NW-Initiated
USSD Request Message
The VCN HLR100 sends the Mobile Subscriber ISDN (MSISDN) (or
International Mobile Subscriber Identity [IMSI], depending on the datafill in
the VCN HLR100) of the subscriber in the destination reference parameter
when the VCN HLR100 routes the message to a third node.
The USSD enhancement provides the following for network Initiated USSD
Messaging (USSR and USSN) in the VCN HLR100:
• handles the optional origination reference parameter
•
receives the IMSI or MSISDN of the subscriber in the destination
reference parameter for the USSN or USSR messages from a third node
VCN HLR100 sends only IMSI in destination reference parameter and no
origination reference when it routes the messages to VLR. VCN HLR100
Datafill is used only to find right VLR to forward the message.
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Home Subscriber Trace
4
The Home Subscriber Trace (HST) monitors the effectiveness of a network,
ensures all the features are operating correctly, assesses the usage of features
such as call forwarding, and ensures that subscribers are not misusing the
network.
The VCN HLR100 keeps a record of which subscribers have Home
Subscriber Tracing activated in its database. MAP messages are used to
activate and deactivate tracing at the subscribers current VLR/SGSN while
they are in the HPLMN.
Mechanism using datafill
This feature allows the HLR to activate and deactivate HST at the
subscriber’s current VLR as subscribers roam about within the HPLMN.
Tracing may be activated for any subscriber on the HLR, but while their
location is unknown or they are not located at a VLR in the HPLMN, the
HLR does not activate Home Subscriber Trace at the serving VLR.
The HLR keeps a record of which subscribers have Home Subscriber Trace
activated in its database. MAP Messages are used to activate and deactivate
tracing at the subscriber’s current VLR while they are in the HPLMN.
HST is considered active for a subscriber at the HLR if HST is datafilled
against the IMSI in the HST table GHLRTRCE.
Home Subscriber Trace uses include monitoring the effectiveness of a new
network, ensuring that all features are operating correctly, assessing the usage
of features such as call forwarding, or ensuring that subscribers are not
misusing the network.
Activation and deactivation of HST for a subscriber can be carried out on the
HLR directly by using the GSM/UMTS Table Control Command Interface,
or with a Trace Application running on the HLR’s (Supernode Data Manager)
SDM or (Core and Billing Manger) CBM, which in turn communicates the
details to the HLR.
In order to record occurrences of Home Subscriber Trace traffic and error
conditions, the OM group HSTRACET and log GHLR682 are used.
CAMEL and IN
4
CAMEL is a network feature that enables the Home Public Land Mobile
Network (HPLMN) operator to offer Operator Specific Services (OSSs), not
standardized by UMTS specifications, to some or all of its subscribers when
roaming to a different Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN). The feature
also works when the subscriber is in their own HPLMN.
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In a conventional UMTS Network, a subscriber loses proprietary services
when roaming outside the HPLMN network. If the switching node in the
VPLMN supports CAMEL, the subscriber can communicate with the UMTS
Service Control Function (gsmSCF) in the HPLMN, and proprietary services
are maintained.
CAMEL call routing (ATI, PSI)
The VCN HLR100 receives, processes and sends modified messages in an
ATI/PSI or SRI/PSI sequence.
ATI/PSI sequence
The ATI operation is used by the gsmSCF to request subscriber state and
location information or either one separately, from the VCN HLR100 at any
desired time. Upon receiving an ATI request, the VCN HLR100 passes the
content of the requested information to the subscribers current VLR by
generating a PSI request. The information returned by the VLR in the PSI
acknowledgement is passed to the gsmSCF as an ATI acknowledgement.
Figure 4-4 represents a typical ATI/PSI sequence.
Figure 4-4
Example system level transactions in an ATI/PSI sequence
gsmSCF
VLR
HLR
ATI (........
____requestedInfo);
PSI (..........
_____requestedInfo....);
ATI Ack(.......
________SubscriberInfo);
PSI Ack(......
CAMEL screening
The HLR informs the Visitor Location Register (VLR) of the subscriber’s
CAMEL services by including the CAMEL Subscription Information (CSI)
when sending an Insert Subscriber Data Message (ISD) to the VLR. An ISD
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message is either sent standalone, or during the Update Location (UL) and
Restore Data (RD) procedure or standalone.
The HLR supports screening of all CAMEL services to a single VLR or range
of VLRs. In GSM18, support has been added for screening specific
Originating CAMEL Subscription Information (O-CSI) service keys for
specific CAMEL phases on a per node basis in the ISD message. This allows
operators to provide O-CSI services in the HPLMN only, or the ability to rollout services gradually following integration testing with roaming partners.
Location services and E911
4
This feature provides the enhancements required at the VCN HLR100 to allow
it to support Location Services (LCS):
• storage of LCS subscription information for each subscriber
•
storage of LCS system data
•
sending of location services information in ISD messages to the VLR
•
support for the Send-Routing-information-for-LCS (SRL) MAP message
LCS subscription is supported for both 2G and 3G subscribers. Location
Services are services that are dependent upon the subscribers location, the
subscribers UE to be more precise.
There are four categories of location services:
• Commercial LCS (or value added services) — This category is
associated with an application that provides a value added service having
knowledge of the subscribers location.
•
Internal LCS (or PLMN LCS services) — This will enhance or support
certain Operation & Measurement (O&M) related tasks, Supplementary
Services, Intelligent network (IN) related services, and UMTS bearer &
teleservices.
•
Emergency Services LCS — This is used to provide emergency services
the location of the subscriber to assist them in locating the caller.
•
Lawful Intercept LCS — This uses location information to support
various legally required services.
Location Services require additional nodes within the network, refer to figure
Figure 4-5.
The LC interface links the Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) to the
LCS client. The LCS client is responsible for making location information
requests to the GMLC that subsequently requests routing information from
the VCN HLR100 of the targeted subscriber if required.
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The Lh interface links the VCN HLR100 to the GMLC. The GMLC requests
routing information for the targeted subscriber from the VCN HLR100.
Figure 4-5
Simplified LCS network overview
HLR
Lh
VLR/MSC
Gateway
M LC
Lg
gsmSCF
Lc
Le
External
LCS Client
LCS privacy classes
The VCN HLR100 stores an LCS subscription that can consist of Privacy or
Mobile Originating Location options or both.
The subscribers privacy options in the subscribers privacy profile apply to
Mobile Terminating Location Request (MT-LR) and Network Induced
Location Requests (NI-LR) and either indicate that no location requests are
allowed or define the particular classes of LCS clients for which location
requests are allowed.
MT-LR refers to location requests being made by an LCS client. NI-LR refers
to location requests that are requested by the network.
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The privacy classes are:
• Universal class—All LCS clients are allowed to request the subscribers
location.
•
Call related class—When a subscriber originates a call to an LCS client,
the client can request the subscribers location, providing the call is still
established.
•
Call unrelated class—Identified LCS clients or groups of LCS clients in
the UEs privacy profile are able to request the subscribers location. LCS
Clients/groups of LCS clients that are not identified are subject to the
options in the privacy profile.
•
PLMN Operator class—Allows positioning by specific types of clients
indicated in the subscribers privacy profile.
MO-LR
To allow the subscriber to make Mobile Originating-Location Requests (MOLR), the subscriber must subscribe to the correct type of mobile originating
class. The mobile originating location class types are:
• Basic Self Location—The subscriber needs to interact with the network
for each location request.
•
Autonomous Self Location—The subscriber does not need interact with
the network for each location request. A single interaction enables the
subscriber to obtain multiple-location positions during a predetermined
period of time.
•
Transfer to Third Party—The subscribers location is transferred to
another LCS client.
LCS capabilities added in GSM18
In GSM18, the Location Services (LCS) support by the HLR is compliant with
Release 4 LCS as described in documents listed below.
• 3GPP TS 22.071 V4.5.1 Location Services (LCS) Stage 1
•
3GPP TS 22.071 V4.5.10.0 Functional Stage 2 description of LCS
•
3GPP TS 29.002 V4.13.0 Mobile Application Part (MAP)
The ISD message on the MAP D interface between the HLR and VLR has been
enhanced so it can accept the LCS SS codes under both the following:
• ProvisionedSS IE
•
Within the LCS IE that is either of LCS Privacy Exception List and MOLR List IE
If no LCS SOC is active, then the MSC returns the LCS as unsupported to the
HLR.
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Call intercept
4
Call Intercept support capabilities on the VCN HLR100 are implemented in
accordance with the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcements
Agencies (CALEA) act.
This functionality is only available and applicable in the North American
market Region.
Call Intercept System (CIS) is the Nortel term for the components that
specifically provide national security agencies or the service provider (on
request from a security agency) to monitor and intercept calls involving target
UEs.
The CIS allows the security agency or the service provider (on behalf of the
security agency) the ability to provision targeted subscribers for call
interception. Every call (either originating from or terminating to) this target
subscriber and every noncall mobility event is intercepted by the VCN CS or
VCN HLR100 and sent to the Monitoring Center.
The Monitoring Center is the site of the monitoring and/or recording
equipment. The Monitoring Center has separate connections for the reception
of Call Contents and Call Associated or Non-Call Associated Data. The
Monitoring Center is not provided by Nortel.
For call related events, both the call content and the call associated data can
be sent to the Monitoring Center. Call Data Records can contain both Call
Associated Data and Non Call Associated Data. Call associated data can
contain information about a particular event associated with the monitored
call. Non Call Associated Data, such as Location Updates, containing
information about the event(s), are sent to the Monitoring Center.
CDRs are sent to the Monitoring Center from the VCN CS and the VCN
HLR100 with the SuperNode Data Manager (SDM)/Fault Tolerant (FT) or
Core and Billing Manager 850 (CBM850) over TCP/IP. The SDM/FT or
CBM850 serves as a Mediation Device (MD) between the HLRs or CSs and
the provisioning center. The SDM/FT or CBM850 serves as a dedicated
multiapplication Operations, Administration & Maintenance (OA&M)
processing front end to the VCN, providing capability to support advanced
OA&M applications
The role of the VCN HLR100 in the Call Intercept process is to generate
proprietary Roaming Call Notification Records (CNRs) for targeted
subscribers who perform location updates while inside the HPLMN or when
roaming outside the HPLMN. Each CNR is sent to the SDM/FT or CBM850
that formats the information into the CDR format and sends the information
to the Monitoring Center.
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General Packet Radio Service
4
The Extensible Quality of Service (Ext-QoS) is a set of parameters
provisioned at the VCN HLR100 in accordance with Packet Data Protocol
(PDP) context and provided to the Serving General Packet Radio Service
(GPRS) Support Node (SGSN) through the Insert Subscriber Data (ISD)
message PDP.
This Ext-QoS data is mandatory for UMTS Third Generation (3G)
subscribers and optional for 2G subscribers.
The Update GPRS Location (UGL) message, sent from the SGSN to the VCN
HLR100, includes an optional parameter, gprsEnhancementSupportIndicator,
that indicates if the SGSN supports Ext-QoS. If this parameter is received, the
Ext-QoS data is sent as part of the PDP contexts when Ext-QoS exists for the
subscribed PDP.
The PDP charging characteristic data is stored as part of the PDP context and
sent to the SGSN as part of the ISD message. The possible charging
characteristic values are as follows:
• Normal charging
•
Prepaid charging
•
Charging by hot billing
•
Flat rate charging
The maximum number of PDPs of each subscriber is 20.
GPRS push service support
4
The HLR allows the operator to offer push services that require the support of
network initiated Packet Data Protocol (PDP) context activation capability.
Having an ability to initiate or push data to the mobile subscriber by the wireless
network allows the operator to provide information services such as the
following:
• Traffic reports
•
Stock market information
•
Airline departure/arrival status
•
Customized advertisements
GPRS is a packet radio access technique that allows the subscriber to send
and receive data in an end-to-end packet transfer mode, without utilizing
network resources in a circuit-switched mode. It provides access to external
Packet Data Networks (PDNs), for example to the Internet.
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GPRS Support Nodes (GSN) contain functionality required to support GPRS.
GPRS is logically implemented on the GSM structure through the addition of
network nodes:
• The Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)
•
The Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN)
The GGSN is the node that is accessed by the Packet Data Network (PDN) to
evaluate the Packet Data Protocol (PDP) address. It contains routing
information for attached GPRS users.The routing information is used to
tunnel Packet Data Units (PDUs) to the Mobile Stations (MS) current point of
attachment, that is the SGSN. The GGSN requests location and subscriber
service information from the HLR using the Gc interface to operate these
services.
Mated Pair
4
The VCN HLR100 is a critical component in the UMTS network. As the
capacity of the VCN HLR100 product has steadily increased, increasing
number of subscribers are now serviced by a single VCN HLR100. This
means that the consequences of nodal failures have become more severe.
During a disaster, a total VCN HLR100 failure results in the following:
• loss of all incoming service
•
inability to change location
•
inability to join network or provide authentication
•
inability of subscriber to change subscription information from the
handset
•
inability to change subscribers services or data at the VCN HLR100
All services, except that of being able to make an outgoing call while
remaining at the current VLR is curtailed.
To protect against a disaster that has a major impact to the entire network
where a VCN HLR100 is lost, the mated pair functionality is introduced. This
allows two geographically separate VCN HLR100s to provide a mutual
standby capability.
To provide redundancy, a copy of the subscriber database normally held on a
single VCN HLR100 is held on two VCN HLR100s that are connected as a
mated pair.
Each of the mated VCN HLR100s are acting as a real-time back-up for the
other. In the event of a disaster, the surviving VCN HLR100 has the
subscriber data required to take over with minimal loss of service to the
network.
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Mated pair functionality introduces a concept of having a subscriber that is
acting on one VCN HLR100 and the same subscriber that is Standby on the
other VCN HLR100.
• Acting—these are subscribers that the VCN HLR100 normally provides
service to
•
Standby—these are subscribers that the VCN HLR100 acts as a backup
for. This VCN HLR100 provides service only to standby subscribers in
the event of a disaster occurring to its mate VCN HLR100.
In the event of a disaster, the surviving VCN HLR100 treats all its subscribers
as acting.
Monitoring of the HLR mated pair
HLR mated pair capability ensures that new HLR and DS functionality
introduced in the NSS18 release is monitored appropriately.
This covers a variety of OAM changes and enhancements primarily done in
response to the HLR and Data Server development and platform changes in
NSS18.
Enhancements to the CEM software for the NSS18 allows the operator to have
more information about the mated pair relationship.
• There are additional attributes that can be seen on the CEM GUI related to
mated pair functionality.
•
There is also additional alarms to indicate problems with the mated pair.
In GSM18, a small number of HLR logs are not mapped to the CEM because
they are frequently repeated. These repeated logs have been replaced with
HLR alarms so that this information can be propagated to the CEM.
Synchronization of subscriber data
When changes to Acting subscribers are made either to the Profile or Location
Data, then those changes must also be applied to the Standby subscriber data
to maintain synchronization of the databases. The events which trigger the
propagation of these changes are as follows:
• Table Control (TC) changes
•
Call Independent Supplementary Services (CISS) operations
•
Maintenance and Administration Procedures (MAP) operations
The Standby subscriber’s database in the mate HLR is updated as soon as
possible after the updates occur in the Acting database. The behavior is
symmetrical across the HLR mated pair.
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On notification that a change has occurred, a procedure is called to retrieve
the changed subscriber data from the database. Once the data has been
retrieved it is then packed and transported to the mate HLR. On arrival, the
data is unpacked and checked for its validity.
Each release, when any subscriber data is created, modified or deleted, the
mated pair service synchronization protocol requires updating to send the
data from the Active HLR to the Standby HLR.
For NSS18, the following features impact imsi_based tables and/or subscriber
data requiring that the data is synchronized between the Active and Standby
HLRs for the following enhancements:
• HLR Location Services R4 compliance
•
HLR Standardized Supercharger
•
HLR Gc Support
•
HLR CAMEL Service Key per Phase Screening
•
HLR Subscriber Category Enhancements
Cross Release Mating
The Cross Release Mating (XRM) capability supports a Mated Pair
configuration between an NSS18 HLR and an NSS17 HLR. The following
Mated Pair functions continue to be available during a Mated Pair software
upgrade:
• Synchronization of subscriber profile and location data changes
•
Subscriber handover between nodes of an HLR Mated Pair during a
Mated pair upgrade
•
Single 3PC recovery for HLRs that include 3PC memory extension cards
in the configuration
Synchronization of subscriber data
The NSS18 HLR sends mating data in the NSS17 format when talking to its
mate and receives data in the NSS17 format from its mate on NSS17. The
XRM conversion occurs on the NSS18 HLR.
Note: Subscriber data fields that have been added, removed or changed
between NSS17 and NSS18 are set to default values by the NSS18 HLR.
XRM activation
XRM functionality is controlled by the Release field in the Standby tuple in
table GHLRPARM. Setting this field to NSS17 causes an NSS18 HLR to use
NSS17 as the effective release for sending and receiving Mated Pair
messages.
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One Night Process
4
The One Night Process (ONP) is a process used during a software upgrade to
transfer all the data from the old release to the new release.
CAUTION
VCN HLR100 does not guarantee integrity of the data
VCN HLR100 does not guarantee integrity of the data in the
database if the table control operations ADD, CHANGE,
REPLACE, or DELETE are used or if provisioning is running
between the data move and synching of the VCN HLR100.
The effect of performing any provisioning operation (for
example, the creation of subs using table control) during an
ONP leads to unpredictable behavior.
The following ONPs are supported for GSM18 on the XA-Core node:
• GSM16 -> GSM18 (performed using standard GSM/UMTS XA-Core
upgrade procedures)
•
GSM17 -> GSM18
•
GSM18 -> GSM18
•
GSM18 LIMITED PRESWACT
The ONP executes during the following phases:
• Dump and Restore
•
PreSwitch of Activity (PreSWACT)
•
Switch of Activity (SWACT)
•
AbortSwitch of Activity (AbortSWACT)
Dump and Restore
The dump and restore is the process that transfers all the data in the database
from the old software release to the new software release. There are two types
of data moves:
• External Data Move (EDM)
•
Physical Data Move (PDM)
An EDM involves every tuple in a table being read from the dump side and
added to the table on the restore side. Every tuple goes through the standard
table control ADD operation including all the data integrity validations.
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In a PDM method, the physical data is transferred directly to the other side
and reformatted as it is written to the physical database instead of transferring
every tuple individually and passing the tuple through the table control
validations.
EDM is used for transferring all VCN HLR100 tables except the subscriber
tables. For subscriber tables, PDM is the only supported method.
PreSWACT
The PreSWACT and the Limited PreSWACT (the latter is performed only in
case of hardware upgrade) prepare the switch for the SWACT and transfer
any NTD and TTD data that has changed since the start of the Dump and
Restore to the restore side.
SWACT
SWACT switches control to the restore side of the switch that becomes the
active side, and the dump side becomes the inactive side. The SWACT
process transfers any remaining changes to the NTD and the TTD data.
AbortSWACT
AbortSWACT performs another SWACT to go back to the dump side and
uses the old version again if something has gone wrong during the ONP.
AbortSWACT transfers any NTD and TTD changes that have occurred since
the SWACT back from the restore side to the dump side.
Fast ONP
Beginning in GSM18, the HLR Fast ONP capability allows the XA-Core
HLR to increase the rate at which physical table data is transferred during
PreSWACT from the Dump side to the Restore side. Due to the mechanism
used to support this capability, speed gains are only seen on core (XA-Core)
ONPs. 3PC ONPs do not have this feature.
HLR Fast ONP functionality is supported in the GSM16 and GSM17 releases
through software updates.
Authentication
4
The Authentication Center (AuC) generates the authentication and ciphering
vectors, SRes and Kc, by using the following instances of the A3/A8 algorithm:
• COMP-128
•
COMP-128-2
•
COMP-128-3
•
CAVE38
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The algorithm is invoked by the GSM/UMTS HLR100 Authentication Center
upon request for authentication information (SAI).
Multiple point codes
4
UMTS VCN HLR100 supports Multiple Point Code (MPC) on the VCN
HLR100 platform: this support allows easier deployment within Signaling
Transfer Point (STP) based CCS7 networks, where all network traffic for the
VCN HLR100 is funneled through STP nodes. A discussion is presented to
illustrate traffic distribution methods and monitoring tools to provide load
balancing. This area is essential for the network operator to optimize the
increase in capacity provided by the introduction of Multiple Network
Appearances.
Multiple Point Code is supported on the UMTS VCN HLR100:
• Network configurations and load balancing
•
Multiple VCN HLR100 number data entry
•
Effects of having multiple VCN HLR100 numbers on the VCN HLR100
number selection (network layer)
•
Log reports & Operational Measurements (OMs)
Since the VCN HLR100 is a central point in the UMTS network, it must
process a large number of CCS7 messages. The CCS7 standards (both ANSI
and ITU) define a limit to the number of signaling links between two nodes.
In a STP based signaling network, this restriction effectively imposes a
capacity bottleneck between the VCN HLR100 and the STP. Refer to Figure
4-6.
Figure 4-6
Signaling link capacity bottleneck
HLR
Ca paci ty
Bottl enec k
STP
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There are various ways of addressing the signaling link capacity problem:
• Signaling network engineering has a direct connection to high capacity
nodes
•
Use additional linksets between the VCN HLR100 and STP network:
— Multiple STP pairs
— Multiple point codes on STP
— Multiple point codes on VCN HLR100
•
Hardware uses high speed links
The VCN HLR100 Multiple Point Code (MPC) feature allows for multiple
point codes on the VCN HLR100, resolving an existing link capacity
problem. The feature introduces a VCN HLR100 node with multiple SS7
node capability. With this capability, one physical VCN HLR100 node can be
datafilled to appear as several CCS7 nodes. Each of these nodes has its own
unique point code, routesets, linksets, and links. Essentially, the several CCS7
nodes residing on the physical VCN HLR100 appear as unique Network
Appearances to the network.
The following activities made the CCS7 code in the UMTS layer MPC
compatible:
• Umbrella Support for MPC
•
SCCP Support for MPC
•
MTP Support for MPC
•
UMTS support for MPC on CS
Figure 4-7 depicts an SS7 network that contains a VCN HLR100 with MPC
capability. In these networks, the point codes of each logical node are
indicated.
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Figure 4-7
SS7 network with VCN HLR100 MPC switch
HLR
PC=112
PC=111
PC=211
PC=212
Multiple point
codes at HLR
CCS7 network
nodes:
MSC
VLR
SGSN
STP
STP
STP
MSC/VLR
SGSN
An advantage of using MPC on the VCN HLR100 is that it retains existing
network architecture as it resolves the link capacity issue. A disadvantage
concerns the load sharing development required on VCN HLR100 to
optimize the increase in capacity.
HLR-PS/HLR-PM Service Sync for NSS18
4
This feature adds the following new functionality for the HLR Provisioning
Server (HLR-PS) and the HLR Provisioning Manager (HLR-PM):
• support for MSP v14
•
GSM18 service synchronization including provisioning support
— Location Services (LCS) enhancements
— subscriber Category (CAT) enhancements
This activity provides support for GSM18 functionality.
HLR-PS refers to the provisioning capabilities in a stand-alone configuration.
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GSM18 Service Synchronization
A new subscriber table GHLCSECL is added in GSM18 to store up to 40
external LCS clients for the subscriber’s Call/Session Related LCS Privacy
Class and up to 35 external LCS clients for the subscriber’s Call/Session
Unrelated LCS Privacy Class. For this purpose, three new MSP commands
must be introduced. The enhancements will affect the existing LCS command
and the changes are as follows:
• CSRECL command allows an operator to provision up to 5 external LCS
clients for the subscriber’s Call Related LCS class.
•
CSRXECL command allows the operator to provision up to 35 extended
external LCS clients for the subscriber’s Call Related LCS class.
•
CSUXECL command allows the operator to provision up to 35 extended
external LCS clients for the subscriber’s Call Unrelated LCS class.
Also, the CLLRLTD (Call Related Class) field in table GHLRLCS has been
enhanced with the addition of the new option LOC_NOT_ALLOW for LCS
clients that are not in the subscriber’s external LCS client list. All the
remaining data stored within this table remains unchanged.
Note: Addition, deletion, modification and display functions for this data
are provided in MSP version 14.
Standardized Supercharger
4
The philosophy of the Standardized Supercharger is that the subscriber data
does not change as often as the location data, hence it needs only to be sent if
it changes. This means that subscribers’ data can be kept in a serving node even
after the subscriber has moved location to another serving node. Each serving
node (VLR or SGSN) contains data for subscribers who are located as follows:
• Currently located in the serving node
•
Not currently located in the serving node but were current at some point
in time
Subscriber data integrity is maintained by ensuring that when there is a
change to a particular subscriber’s data, each serving node that has an old
version of the subscriber’s data receives the latest copy of that subscriber’s
data. Apart from the current serving node, all other serving nodes which hold
a particular subscriber’s data only get the latest copy when the subscriber next
returns at that serving node. The current serving node always receives the
latest copy of a subscriber data when a change occurs.
Thus, when a subscriber roams to a serving node which already has that
subscriber data, the HLR sends embedded ISD messages as part of the Inter
Serving Node Update Location (UL or UGL) request if that subscriber data
has changed.
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The consistency of the data between the serving node and the HLR is maintained
using a parameter called Age Indicator:
• The Age Indicator parameters are stored at the HLR persubscriber and
describe the age of the subscriber data.
•
Each time a modification to the subscriber data occurs, this parameter is
incremented.
•
The serving node receives the age indicator within the ISD message and
includes it in each subsequent UL/UGL to the HLR.
•
The HLR compares the age indicator received in the UL/UGL with the
one stored, and then knows whether the subscriber data stored at the
serving node is up-to-date or not, and therefore, whether the embedded
ISD/s messages are required.
Holding a particular subscriber’s data in multiple serving nodes in the
network, means that the HLR does not need to send Insert Subscriber Data
(ISD) messages when the subscriber roams to one of these serving nodes
(provided that the data has not changed in the HLR). Thus, an interserving
node UL/UGL request from a serving node that already has a particular
subscriber data will not necessarily require embedded ISD messages to be
sent from the HLR. Also, the number of SAI messages is reduced, as the
authentication data is kept at the serving nodes.
Subscriber information is allowed to remain in previously visited serving
nodes by not sending a Cancel Location (CL) message when the subscriber
arrives at another serving node.
Moreover, when a subscriber record for the MS is deleted in the serving node,
either by MMI interaction or automatically, the Purge MS message is not sent
to the HLR.
The main advantage of supercharger is that the amount of traffic in the
network decreases since the number of CL, ISD, Purge MS and SAI messages
sent is considerably reduced.
Trinode HLR Subscriber Limit
4
This feature allows different levels of subscriber capacity to be purchased on
a Combined MSC/HLR (formerly known as a Trinode). Subscriber capacities
supported are 20 K subscribers, 50 K subscribers, 100 K subscribers and
200 K subscribers on a Combined MSC/HLR. The capacities apply to both
the Home Location Register (HLR) and Visitor Location Register (VLR),
subject to enough memory being available. The subscriber capacities are
provided through a Software Optionality Control (SOC) option.
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Combined MSC/HLR subscriber capacity functionality is provided in the
NSS16 and NSS17 releases via software updates. The NSS18 release,
provides these software updates.
Note: This describes the Combined MSC/HLR subscriber capacity
feature as a whole, that is, from both the HLR and VLR perspectives (not
just the HLR).
In the NSS16 and NSS17 releases, the contracts between Nortel and some
operators restrict the number of mobile subscribers that may be supported.
For these Operators, subscriber capacities of 20 K, 50 K, 100 K and 200 K
(the maximum for a Combined MSC/HLR) can be purchased. Subscriber
capacities apply to HLR subscribers and VLR subscribers (separately, not the
total of HLR and VLR subscribers).
In the NSS18 release, the subscriber capacity patches are replaced with a
SOC implementation. SOC allows software options to be purchased and
activated for use. Options are enabled using a purchased password (also
known as a key code). Key codes are unique for each option in each office.
The subscriber capacity feature is only applicable to Combined MSC/HLR
offices. The SOC option implementing the subscriber capacities is not
available to non-Combined MSC/HLR offices.
VLR robustness
4
This activity provides the following enhancements to the Nortel GSM/UMTS
MSC Server/Visiting Location Register (VLR):
• VLR data integrity enhancements
— Introducing run time VLR data integrity checks
•
VLR Restoration indicators enhancements
— Decoupling the VLR restoration indicator HLRCONF to “Subscriber
Data Confirmed by HLR” (HLRCONF) and a new indicator
“Location information confirmed in HLR” (LOCCONF)
— QGSMVLR tool enhancements to display the new LOCCONF
indicator
•
VLR service data store enhancements
— Restructuring the internal VLR data store for CDA, CDS, FAX,
SPCH and AUX SPCH to improve the MSC server memory usage
efficiency
VLR data corruption was observed during VLR data access (add, delete or
search) operation on International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI),
International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI), Mobile Subscriber ISDN
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Number (MSISDN) keys. This feature performs the sanity checks for these
keys during add, delete and search operations. Also, this feature improves the
existing sanity checks for Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI) key.
Prior to GSM18, the functions of the two flags “Subscriber Data Confirmed
by HLR” and “Location Information Confirmed in HLR” were provided by a
single flag “HLRCONF” in VLR. This feature enhances HLRCONF to use
HLRCONF for “Subscriber Data Confirmed by HLR” scenarios and
LOCCONF for “Location Information Confirmed in HLR” scenarios.
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Introduction to UMTS
5
International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 (IMT-2000) is the
International Telecommunications Union (ITU) vision of global mobile access
in the 21st century. IMT-2000 is a strategic priority of ITU. The key features
of IMT-2000 are as follows:
• high degree of commonality of design worldwide
•
compatibility of services within IMT-2000 and with the fixed network
•
high quality and integrity, comparable to the fixed network
•
accommodation of a variety of types of terminals including the pocketsized terminal
•
worldwide roaming capability
•
capability for multimedia applications and a wide range of services, such
as
— video-teleconferencing
— high-speed Internet
— speech
— high data rate (2 Mbit/s)
The Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is an IMT-2000
system incorporating mobile cellular and other functionality. The 3rd
Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is a group of standards organizations
that defines UMTS standards and specifications. UMTS specifications are
designed to encourage service development so operators can customize their
service portfolios and allow independent service providers to use the network.
UMTS provides an open architecture for the UMTS Voice Core Network
(VCN) switching that supports:
• better performance at lower cost than GSM
•
access to all current local data networks
•
worldwide routing ability
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•
integration of Intelligent Network (IN) technology
•
home network services even while roaming (Virtual Home Environment-VHE) using standards such as Customized Application for Mobile
network Enhanced Logic (CAMEL)
•
multimedia
•
independent Radio Access and the Core Network to allow UMTS to
provide a wide range of applications
•
Quality of Service (QoS) options
UMTS Public Land Mobile Networks
5
Figure 5-1 shows a UMTS Public Land Mobile network (PLMN), its
associated User Equipment (UE) and its relationship to the PSTN, Integrated
Services Digital Network (ISDN), and other UMTS PLMNs.
Figure 5-1
UMTS PLMN and UE, PSTN, ISDN, and other UMTS PLMN
UMTS PLMN “A”
Other UMTS PLMN
ISDN
PSTN
UE belonging to UMTS PLMN “A”
UMTS PLMN services
UMTS PLMNs provide the following types of services:
• Speech–where the information transmitted is voice
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Emergency calling–allows the user of a UMTS Mobile Station to reach a
nearby emergency service center
•
Data–where the information transmitted is non-voice, such as facsimile
•
Short Message Service–in which a one-way message of limited size is
transmitted to or from a UMTS user allowing the UMTS UE to act as a
telephone and a pager
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•
Supplementary Services–which enable the UMTS user to specify how
calls to or from the user are handled under certain conditions - for
example, forwarding the call to another number when the user does not
answer.
Numbering in UMTS PLMNs
UMTS PLMNs use unique numbers to identify and route calls to the UE.
Refer to Figure 5-2.
Figure 5-2
Numbers used in UMTS
The International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) uniquely identifies the
mobile equipment.The Mobile Subscriber Integrated Services Digital Network
(MSISDN) number is the unique phone number that consists of Country Code +
National Destination Code + Subscriber Number. MSISDNs are allocated
according to the CCITT E.164 numbering plan. (Using universal translations,
this translates to Access Code + Prefix Code + Country Code + Foreign Area
Code + Office Code + Directory Number.)The International Mobile Subscriber
Identity (IMSI) is a unique identification of the subscriber. It is stored in the SIM
(see below) and Home Location Register (HLR). IMSIs are allocated according
to CCITT E.212.The Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI) is a unique
identity temporarily allocated to visiting UE. The TMSI identifies the UE within a
specific VLR as part of the confidentiality service.
Subscriber
Identity
Module (SIM)
The Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) is a credit-card sized card that plugs into
any UMTS UE. It contains the IMSI and MSISDN, security functions, and UE
information.
The Mobile Subscriber Roaming Number (MSRN) is temporarily assigned to the
UE while roaming and is used to terminate calls to the UE.
UMTS
number
portability
When an Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) User Part (ISUP) Initial
Address Message (IAM) is received, the (gateway or visited) Call Server (CS)
sends a database query to the Number Portability Database (NPDB). The
NPDB determines if the MSISDN is ported or not ported. If the MSISDN is not
ported, the NPDB sends it back to the CS to continue the normal call setup
procedure for Mobile Terminated Calls (MTC), optionally providing the routing
number. If the MSISDN is ported, the NPDB responds back to the CS with a
routing number that points out the subscription network.
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Major UMTS components and interfaces
5
Figure 5-3 shows the major components and interfaces of a UMTS network.
Figure 5-3
UMTS major components and interfaces
A UMTS network is composed of four major areas: UE, the access network, a
core network packet switched (PS) domain, and a core network circuit
switched (CS) domain.
The following sections provide a brief, high-level description of the UE, radio
access network, and core network packet-switched domain.
See Table 5-1 for descriptions of the core network signaling interfaces.
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User Equipment
The User Equipment (UE) is composed of three parts:
• USIM card (Universal Subscriber Identity Module-card). The USIM is a
smart card that allows identification of any subscriber by the network. In
particular, the subscriber can borrow any mobile device without changing
anything from the network point of view since they keep the same USIMcard.
•
handset, including the radio equipment (receiver-transceiver) and the
Man-Machine Interface (MMI). In UMTS, rich multimedia, WAP, and
other services are supported by a wide array of handset options.
•
battery
See Figure 5-4 for UE components.
Figure 5-4
UMTS UE components
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UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
UMTS01 supports the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN).
The UTRAN of a UMTS PLMN is shown in more detail in the Figure 5-5.
Figure 5-5
UMTS UTRAN components and interfaces
A UMTS UTRAN is composed of one or more Radio Network Subsystems
(RNSs).
Each RNS is made up of one or more Radio Network Controllers (RNCs).
Each RNC controls one or more UMTS Node B Basestation Transceiver
Subsystems (BTSs), which communicate to the UE devices.
The core network uses the Iu interface to communicate with the RNCs,
including both Iu CS (circuit switched) and Iu PS (packet switched) sessions.
The RNCs use the Iub interface to communicate to the radio towers. The
radios communicate to UE of the Uu interface.
Coverage area of the UMTS Network
Several area types have been defined in UMTS to handle user mobility.
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Location Area
A UMTS Location Area contains a group of cells, with each cell belonging to
one Location Area (LA). LAs are used by the Core Network CS domain to get
information on the user location when in Idle mode. One LA consists of a
number of cells belonging to RNCs that are connected to the same CN node;
for example, one Call Server. The mapping between one LA and RNCs is
handled within the Call Server owning the LA.
Routing Area
A UMTS Routing Area (RA) contains a group of cells, with each cell
belonging to one RA. RAs are used by the Core Network PS domain to get
information on the user location when in Idle mode. One RA consists of a
number of cells belonging to RNCs that are connected to the same CN node;
for example, one Call Server. The mapping between one RA and RNCs is
handled within the SGSN owning the RA.
The following relationships between LA and RA are possible:
• RA and LA are identical.
•
One RA is a subset of one, and only one, LA, meaning that an RA does
not span over more than one LA.
See Figure 5-6 for a sample UMTS PLMN coverage area.
Figure 5-6
Example of UMTS PLMN coverage area
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Core Network
The UMTS core network is divided into a circuit switched domain and a
packet switched domain.
Circuit switched domain (Circuit core network)
Traffic arriving over the Iu interface destined for the CS domain is routed
from the Wireless Gateway to the Call Server. Following transcoding, the
bearer channels are routed to the Call Server using standard 64 kbit/s TDM
links. The Radio Access Network Application Part (RANAP) CS signaling is
routed to the Call Server over IP, where the call is processed in a ‘traditional’
manner (translations, routing and service invocation). Communication with
the SS7 environment is performed utilizing the SS7 capabilities of the Call
Server hardware. TDM connectivity to both the Wireless Gateway and the
PSTN is provided via the DTC hardware
Packet switched domain
Traffic for the PS Domain is processed in the Wireless Gateway in a manner
similar to the handling of GSM GPRS data traffic.
The SGSN performs setup and routing of data sessions to the GGSN for
access into the Internet or corporate Intranets utilizing GPRS Tunneling
Protocol (GTP) tunnels.
Unified network architecture
UMTS01 uses an ATM-based packet backbone to interconnect all major
nodes in the UMTS network as shown in Figure 5-7.
Figure 5-7
UMTS networking architecture
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Access to the core network is via dedicated gateways (Wireless, PSTN,
Packet). Mobility management has been concentrated in the Wireless
Gateway (WG). To access platforms which are using SS7, such as the
Universal Announcement Server (UAS) or the HLR, the Call Server uses the
services of an Universal Signaling Processor (USP). This architecture allows
a variety of access technologies (WCDMA, GSM, GPRS, xDSL, PSTN, IP)
to use the Core Network. Voice Core Network overview
The circuit switched domain of the UMTS PLMN is called the UMTS Voice
Core Network (VCN). The VCN performs the main circuit switching functions
and manages the following:
• communication among UMTS UE
•
communication between UMTS UE and users in other networks.
Components of the Voice Core Network
The major VCN components are the Wireless Gateway, the Call Server with
collocated VLR, and the HLR as shown in Figure 5-8.
Figure 5-8
Components of VCN
Wireless Gateway
The Wireless Gateway (WG) is a common Iu interface termination point for
PS (Packet) Switched) and CS (Circuit Switched) domains.
The Wireless Gateway provides signaling and bearer services across both
Circuit and Packet Domains, as well as communication between the Core and
Access Networks. The WG is part of both the 3G-MSC and the 3G-SGSN
according to the 3G Standards definitions. Nortel chose to have a single
product, the Wireless Gateway, housing the SGSN functionality (PS domain)
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and the TRAU functionality (CS domain). The WG is located between the
RNC and the other Core Network nodes.
The functional elements of the WG are
• 3G-SGSN
•
Signaling Gateway (SG)
•
Virtual Media Gateway (VMG)
•
Aggregation Node (AN)
Transcoder/Rate Adapter Unit
The Transcoder/Rate Adapter Unit (TRAU) is a device that takes UMTS
speech packets and converts them into standard ISDN 64 kbps speech packet.
In UMTS, this functionality is part of the Core Network.
Some optimization procedures are allowed to pass through the TRAU without
transcoding, in the case of UE to UE communication for example, when
double-transcoding would be performed. In UMTS the default vocoder is the
Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) vocoder. Its rate varies between 12.2 kbit/s and
4.75 kbit/s.
The rate in the CS domain is still 64 kbit/s.
The TRAU interfaces with
• the RNC through the ATM backbone (AAL-2 layer used for UMTS)
•
the Call Server with PCM links
Call Server
The Call Server (CS) performs all of the switching functions needed for the UE
located in its geographical area. Following are the major CS functions:
• mobile subscriber call establishment and routing
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dialed digits translation
•
Call Control and signaling
•
billing data capture and formatting
•
Authentication and Ciphering
•
locating and contacting UE for call termination
•
management of facilities for calls
•
echo control
•
Short Message Service support
•
Supplementary Services support
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Figure 5-9 shows the possible circuit signaling and bearer transmission paths
controlled by the UMTS Call Server.
Figure 5-9
Call Server transmission paths
Gateway Mobile-services Switching Center
A Gateway Mobile-services Switching Center (GMSC) is capable of
interrogating a mobile subscriber’s HLR to obtain the information required to
terminate calls to that UE. A GMSC also serves as an interface between
UMTS PLMNs or between a UMTS PLMN and another network.
Visitor Location Register
The Visitor Location Register (VLR) is a database that holds information
pertaining to UE currently registered in the VLR Serving Area. The VLR is
collocated with the Call Server. For UE that have currently roamed into a
VLR area, the VLR maintains a local copy of a subset of the subscriber’s
data. As its name implies, the VLR is concerned only with the information
pertaining to UE that are currently visiting the VLR serving area. The VLR
obtains this data from the Home Location Register (HLR) of the UE.
The VLR also assigns numbers that are used when a UE is roaming in the
UMTS network. These numbers include the Mobile Station Roaming Number
(MSRN) and Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI).
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Home Location Register
The Home Location Register (HLR) is a database that contains permanent
subscriber data, such as provisioning and service information, and dynamic
information, such as the current location of the UE, which it gets from the
VLR.
The HLR is a UMTS user’s home base of information—that is, it is the
database to query for information about an instance of UE, regardless of that
current geographical location of the UE. The HLR supports call routing and
controls Supplementary Services.
Authentication Center
The Authentication Center (AUC) is an integrated part of the HLR that
ensures only authorized users have access to the network. The AUC contains
subscriber authentication keys and generates security-related parameters.
The Send Authentication Information message is enhanced at map
application context version 3 to support additional parameters for UMTS. The
algorithm mechanism is enhanced for UMTS and authentication quintuplets
are generated for 3G subscribers versus authentication triplets for 2G.
Equipment Identity Register
The Equipment Identity Register (EIR) is a database that is used to prevent
unapproved, stolen, or faulty UE equipment from accessing the UMTS
PLMN. The EIR maintains lists indicating if a UE is valid, barred from using
the network, or faulty.
Short Message Service Center
The Short Message Service-Service Center (SMS-SC) allows mobile
subscribers to receive short messages when their UE is not operational and to
send short messages to other UE or terminals capable of receiving short
messages.
The SMS-SC acts as a storage and forwarding center to which mobile
subscribers may send messages destined for other UE. The SMS-SC may also
transfer stored short messages to the receiving UE or terminal.
InterWorking Function
When a data communications session is established between subscriber
equipment on dissimilar networks, a device known as an InterWorking
Function (IWF) must be used in order to provide data interworking between
networks. The IWF serves as a translation and conversion point in a digital
mobile network. The IWF allows an end-to-end connection between a mobile
subscriber and a remote device, such as a dial-up modem. The IWF provides
the required rate adaptation, radio link protocol, and modems for interfacing
the UE to the PSTN or ISDN.
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An IWF works in conjunction with the serving Call Server (CS) and is
switched into the call path for circuit-switched data calls originating or
terminating to a UMTS UE.
Example of mobile-terminating call setup
Figure 5-10 and Figure 5-11 show the steps for setup of a call from a mobile
UE to the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). This scenario is only
one of several possible types of phone calls within a UMTS network.
Figure 5-10
UMTS mobile-to-land call set-up (part 1)
Figure 5-11
UMTS mobile-to-land call set-up (part 2)
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Note that in Figure 5-11, after the circuit has been created, the bearer channel
is created over the ATM packet backbone.
Communication among VCN components
The following types of information are transferred among the CS, HLR, VLR,
and Equipment Identity Register (EIR) using the CCS7 network:
• mobile subscribers
•
mobile subscribers’ locations
•
mobile subscribers’ options
In order to handle the special information transfer requirements of these types
of information, as well as information related to call processing, UMTS uses
Mobile Application Part (MAP) protocols. The MAP protocols are a set of
signaling functions used specifically for roaming UMTS UE.
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UMTS core network signaling interfaces
UMTS signaling interfaces are defined by GSM and UMTS specifications.
UMTS interface Iu replaces GSM A-Interface between the radio network and
the switch. Interfaces B-G are unchanged from GSM and use the Mobile
Application Part (MAP) protocols to exchange the data necessary to provide
mobile service. Table 5-1 describes the circuit and packet core network
signaling interfaces shown in Figure 5-3 (radio subsystem interfaces are not
covered).
Table 5-1
UMTS signaling interfaces
Diagram
Key
Core Network Signaling Interface Description
Iu CS
Circuit switched interface between the CS and RNS via the WG.
Iu PS
Packet switched interface between the CS and RNS via the WG.
B
Interface between the CS and VLR using MAP/TCAP signaling over
CCS7 SCCP and MTP. The CS contains both the CS and VLR
functionality (that is the CS is co-located with the VLR. Therefore the
B-Interface (CS <-> VLR) is an internal interface only.
C
Interface between the gateway MSC and HLR using MAP/TCAP
signaling over CCS7 SCCP and MTP.
D
Interface between the HLR and VLR using MAP/TCAP signaling over
CCS7 SCCP and MTP.
E
Interface between CSs using MAP/TCAP signaling over CCS7 SCCP
and MTP. ISUP or some other Call Control protocol is also
exchanged to permit inter–CS calls to be established.
F
Interface between CSs and EIR using MAP/TCAP signaling over
CCS7 SCCP and MTP.
G
Interface between VLRs using MAP/TCAP signaling over CCS7
SCCP and MTP.
Gb
The RNS-SGSN interface is used to carry information concerning:
•
packet data transmission
•
mobility management
The Gb interface is defined in GSM 08.14, 08.16 and 08.18.
—sheet 1 of 2—
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Table 5-1
UMTS signaling interfaces (continued)
Diagram
Key
Core Network Signaling Interface Description
Gr
This HLR/SGSN interface used to exchange the data related to the
location of the mobile station and management of the subscriber. The
main service provided to the mobile subscriber is the capability to
transfer packet data within the whole service area. The SGSN
informs the HLR of the location of a mobile station managed by the
latter. The HLR sends to the SGSN all the data needed to support the
service to the mobile subscriber. Exchanges of data may occur when
the mobile subscriber requires a particular service, when he wants to
change some data attached to his subscription, or when some
parameters of the subscription are modified by administrative means.
Signaling on this interface uses the Mobile Application Part (MAP),
which in turn uses the services of Transaction Capabilities
Application Part (TCAP).
Gn, Gp
These interfaces are used to support mobility between the SGSN and
GGSN. The Gn interface is used when GGSN and SGSN are located
inside one PLMN. The Gp-interface is used if GGSN and SGSN are
located in different PLMNs. The Gn/Gp interface also includes a part
which allows SGSNs to communicate subscriber and user data, when
changing SGSN. Signaling on this interface uses the User Datagram
Protocol, UDP/IP.
Gi
Interface between the GGSN and the Internet.
—sheet 2 of 2—
MAP Application Entities
The UMTS MAP defines the CS, HLR, and VLR as separate Application
Entities. An Application Entity provides and uses certain services. For
example, a CS (an Application Entity) would request routing information for
a particular mobile subscriber from an HLR (another Application Entity).
MAP Application Service Elements
The services provided by Application Entities are called Application Service
Elements (ASEs). There is always an ASE requestor and an ASE provider.
An example of an ASE is Send Routing Information (SRI), which is a
message sent by the CS to the HLR when an MSISDN is dialed. The CS
Application Entity uses the Send Routing Information service requestor ASE
and the HLR Application Entity uses the SRI service provider ASE.
Figure 5-12 shows the Application Service Element’s two components,
requestor and provider.
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Figure 5-12
Application Service Element requestor and provider
Send Routing Information (SRI)
Application Service Element (ASE)
Requestor
Provider
Send Routing Information
Call Server
(SRI Requestor)
(Provides Routing Information)
HLR
(SRI Provider)
Every service provided by an Application Entity has a distinct ASE—in this
sense—an Application Entity consists of a set of ASEs. A specific ASE may
be used by more than one Application Entity depending on the services
required by the Application Entity.
CCS7 functional layers in Application Entities
Each of the Application Entities contains software that corresponds to the CCS7
functional architecture, which uses several layers to describe the
interconnection and exchange of information between CCS7 users. The CCS7
layers, which use the physical layer, are as follows:
• Message Transport Part (MTP) Layer
•
Signaling Connection Control Part (SCCP) Layer
•
Transaction Capabilities Application Part (TCAP) Layer
•
Mobile Application Part (MAP) Layer
A layer in one Application Entity logically communicates with its peer layer
in another Application Entity. Physically however, each layer communicates
only with adjacent layers within its own Application Entity. Figure 5-13
shows the CCS7 software structure of the Application Entities, along with the
logical and physical message flow. A brief description of the layers follows
the figure.
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Figure 5-13
Communication between Application Entities
VCN CS
Other AEs
MAP
MAP
TCAP
TCAP
SCCP
SCCP
MTP
MTP
Physical Layer
Physical Layer
= Logical message flow
= Physical message flow
Message Transfer Part
The Message Transfer Part (MTP) layer of CCS7 serves as a connectionoriented transport system between locations of communicating users. The
term “users,” in this case, refers to the Application Entities, which utilize the
basic transport capability provided by the Message Transfer Part layer.
Signaling Connection Control Part
The Signaling Connection Control Part (SCCP) layer of CCS7 provides
messages routed between users within a telecommunications network. SCCP
is used by TCAP (the next higher level) as a message transport mechanism,
and uses Global Title Translation (GTT). The SCCP layer recognizes each
Application Entity as a separate subsystem.
Transaction Capabilities Application Part
The Transaction Capabilities Application Part (TCAP) is the interface to
Mobile Application Part procedures. The Mobile Application procedures
interface uses this layer, as well as the lower two layers.
The TCAP consists of functions that control non-circuit-related information
transfer between components. The TCAP ensures that units of information to
be exchanged are formatted and exchanged properly. It provides encoding
and decoding rules for the information exchange.
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The TCAP also associates each TCAP message and the information it
contains with a particular type of application process transaction. This
transaction association enables the TCAP to link a query with a response and
identify the context.
Mobile Application Part
The Mobile Application Part layer uses the MTP, SCCP, and TCAP layers to
transfer information among Application Entities. The Mobile Application Part
protocols define the following:
• Application Entities
•
interfaces between the Application Entities
•
signaling functions required for CCS7 which provides voice and nonvoice services in the NSS
UMTS core network signaling protocols
There are several signaling protocols used in the Core Network. The nodes
within the network can be addressed with either MTP3 point codes or IP
addresses. The main signaling protocols used in the Core Network are:
GPRS Tunneling Protocol
The GTP protocol used to control IP tunnels between the RNC and the GGSN
is a connectionless protocol. As it relates to the IP world, the nodes use IP
addresses.
User Datagram Protocol
The UDP protocol is used to control the connectionless datagram
communications.
Radio Access Network Application Part
RANAP is used for the Iu-CS and Iu-PS interface. Some of the RANAP
procedures are connection oriented and therefore the SCCP layer of SS7 is
used.
Transaction Capabilities Application Part
TCAP provides dialogue control for CAP/INAP and MAP protocols. These
are connection oriented and use the services of SCCP.
ISDN User Part
ISUP, between the Call Server and the PSTN, may require the services of
SCCP for certain types of configuration, but more usually uses MTP3
directly.
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VCN HLR100 software
6
The UMTS Voice Core Network Home Location Register 100 (VCN HLR100)
software is developed on the CSP architectural layer for deployment to all
UMTS markets. The VCN HLR100 software is broken into discrete functional
units which provide for the operation of different functions within the HLR.
This set of functions is listed below and described in the following sections:
• UMTS Based-Product Layer
•
UMTS Market Specific
•
Proprietary Services
•
UMTS Services
•
UMTS Base
•
GSM/UMTS HLR100 Interfaces
•
Shared Layer
•
Telecom Layer
•
Base Layer
These units combine to yield the total functionality of the VCN HLR100, as
shown in Figure 6-1. Note that the structure does not necessarily imply interrelationships.
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Figure 6-1
VCN HLR100 Software Structure
UMTS Interfaces
UMTS Based-Product Layer
HLR to CS
UMTS
HLR to VLR
HLR to AUC
HLR to SGSN
UMTS Market Specific
UMTS DRU
Global Services
Proprietary Services
SIM
Replacement
Operator
Services
Supplementary
Services
UMTS Services
ONP
ALS
Data
Services
Short Message
Service
Supplementary
Services
Speech
UMTS Base
Equal Access
Support
Operator
Determined
Barring
CAMEL
Inter-PLMN
roaming
support
Intelligent
Network
Support
Call Routing
Support
CSP
Shared Layer
Telecom Layer
Base Layer
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Subscriber
Database
Management
Authentication
Messaging
&
Signaling
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UMTS market specific
6
The UMTS-based product layer contains software specific to a particular
VCN HLR100 product such as UMTS. This layer includes software specific
to the UMTS markets.
Proprietary services
6
Proprietary services are as follows:
• “SIM replacement”
•
“Supplementary Services”
•
“Operator services”
•
“Alternate line service”
•
“One night process”
SIM replacement
A Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card is used in identifying any
subscriber to a UMTS network. A subscriber’s SIM card has a finite life
expectancy and it is necessary to replace the SIM card periodically. This
service facilitates the replacement process.
Supplementary Services
Provides capability to the VCN HLR100 to provide proprietary services, such
as Class of Service and number translations.
Operator services
Provides proprietary network services to mobile network operators.
Alternate line service
Alternate Line Service (ALS) is a non-UMTS defined service. It associates
two MSISDN numbers with a subscriber (IMSI) for telephony calls.
One night process
One Night Process (ONP) is used during a software upgrade to transfer all the
data from the old release to the new release.
UMTS services
6
This layer contains the software related to UMTS defined services.
Provides capability to the VCN HLR100 to modify or supplement basic
telecommunications services, such as call waiting and call barring.
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Short message service
The VCN HLR100 supports the UMTS Short Message Service. This service
allows for messages of a limited size to be sent from a Service Center to a
mobile (SM MT) and from a mobile to a Service Center (SM MO).
Data service
The VCN HLR100 supports the circuit-switched data services.
Upgraded HLRTRACE tool
HLRTRACE has been upgraded to allow post-analysis of messages executed
within the VCN HLR100. This trace tool is VCN HLR100 specific, allowing
the tracing of a single subscriber or a group of up to ten subscribers (multiple
subscriber tracing).
The tool causes minimal blocking on XA-Core and minimizes the real-time
overhead of tracing.
The system records the messages related to each subscriber in separate
capture buffers. This allows the user to display all the messages for a certain
subscriber. The tool also records system messages.
The capture buffers provide enough storage for up to 100 messages in total.
Speech
The VCN HLR100 supports telephony and emergency speech services.
UMTS base
6
The UMTS base consists of the following support or services:
• “Call routing support”
•
“Equal access support”
•
“Operator determined barring”
•
“Intelligent network support”
•
“Inter-PLMN roaming support”
•
“Subscriber database management”
•
“Authentication”
•
“Messaging and signaling”
Call routing support
The VCN HLR100 supports call routing to mobile stations by providing the
VCN CS with information about the location of mobile stations.
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Equal access support
For the North American marketplace, the VCN HLR100 provides support for
equal access. Equal access is defined as the ability of a user to choose an
interexchange carrier (IC/INC) for call attempts that do not terminate on their
network or within a local exchange network directly connected to their
network.
Operator determined barring
Operator Determined Barring (ODB) is a service that allows the network
operator or service provider to regulate access by the subscribers to UMTS
services. These services are regulated by barring certain categories of
outgoing or incoming calls or of roaming. One application of ODB might be
to those subscribers who have not promptly paid their bills.
Intelligent network support
VCN HLR100 incorporates proprietary extensions to support the
implementation of Intelligent Network (IN) support at the VCN CS.
Inter-PLMN roaming support
VCN HLR100 supports Mobile Stations in roaming to other Public Land
Mobile Networks (PLMNs), both within and outside of the Mobile Station’s
home country.
Subscriber database management
Manages the storage of subscriber information.
Authentication
Generates security-related parameters used to ensure that only authorized
Third Generation (3G) UE have access to the Public Land Mobile Network
(PLMN).
Messaging and signaling
Supports the following VCN HLR100 functions:
• UMTS-defined Mobile Application Part (MAP) protocols,
•
Hybrid protocol stack in addition to standard UMTS stack,
•
VCN HLR100 network interface.
VCN HLR100/AuC interfaces
6
VCN HLR100 provides the network with facilities for examining permanent
data and examining and modifying temporary data. VCN HLR100 handles
transactions with the CS and nodes, which either request information from the
VCN HLR100, or update the information currently held in VCN HLR100.
VCN HLR100 also initiates transactions with the VLR to complete incoming
calls and update subscriber data.
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Network nodes, including VCN HLR100, use Mobile Application Part (MAP)
interfaces to communicate. The following are the specific VCN HLR100 MAP
interfaces (refer to Figure 6-2):
• CS to HLR/AuC (C-interface)
•
HLR to VLR (D-interface)
•
The VCN HLR100/AuC to Maintenance and Administration Position
interface is the Administrative interface.
•
HLR/AuC to 3G SGSN (Gr-interface)
Figure 6-2
HLR/AuC
Core Network Architecture
Home Location Register (HLR)
Authentication Center (AuC)
"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".
3G MSC
C
Gr
3G
SGSN
HLR/AuC
D
VLR
UMT/TRD/CN/0003 01.05/EN
Main HLR functions :
- Handling of permanent
subscriber data
- Handling of temporary
subscriber data
- Dialogue with AuC
database
Basic UMTS Architecture
May, 2001
3-19
Home location register
The Home Location Register (HLR) is a database that holds information about
the subscribers. It performs the following functions:
• handling of permanent subscribers data (identification, subscription
information, service limitation)
•
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— current VLR, SGSN addresses where the subscriber roams
— security information
•
dialog with the AuC database
The Authentication Center (AuC) is a database that contains secret subscriber
keys and security algorithms; it generates security information for
authentication and ciphering.
For security reasons, the AuC has an internal interface with the HLR. It is up
to the HLR to start security algorithms located in the AuC.
Shared layer
6
Shared layer contents are obtained from the Shared Library. The Shared
Library is a central repository for storage of software features and
frameworks utilized by multiple products. This centralized database provides
a means for the management of common software allowing market and
product independence, allows for the evolution of services, and is a costeffective structure for software reuse.
Telecom layer
6
The Telecom layer includes general purpose utilities and maintenance
systems for VCN telecommunications products. These utilities include CCS7,
call processing base and run-time support, ENET and JNET maintenance, and
basic translations. This layer does not necessarily contain all the functionality
required to place calls.
Base layer
6
The Base layer contains resource management for system resources,
maintenance systems for general purpose computing devices, and operations,
administration, and maintenance (OA&M) for the system.
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List of terms
A
2G
Second Generation
3G
Third Generation
3G GGSN
Third Generation Gateway GPRS Support Node
3G SGSN
Third Generation Serving GPRS Support Node
3GPP
Third Generation Partnership Project
AbortSWACT
AbortSwitch of Activity
A-bis interface
Communications interface from the Base Transceiver Station (BTS) to the Base
Station Controller (BSC) using Link Access Procedure-D (LAPD) and Q.931
signaling.
A8
Algorithm A8. Cryptographic algorithm that produces Cipher Key (Kc) using
Random Number (RAND) and Authentication Key (Ki).
AN
Access Network. It is the user access point to the system, and provides to the user
the mean of speaking, receiving, or transmitting data.
ACRJ
Anonymous Call Rejection
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Active-UE
Active-User Equipment. A switched-on UE with a Subscriber Identity Module
(SIM) module attached.
ADC
Administration Data Center
Administrative Interface
An external operator interface to the UMTS Circuit Core Network Home Location
Register100 (VCN HLR100) database. This is supported through table control.
Advice of Charge
The Call-Related Charging Supplementary Service that provides a Mobile
Subscriber with information about the cost of a call. AoC comprises two services:
Advice of Charge Charging (AoCC) and Advice of Charge Information (AoCI). A
Mobile Subscriber may subscribe to only one at a time.
AE
Application Entity. The software framework for providing a set of functions within
a UMTS network.
AES
Advanced Encryption Standard
AFR
Authentication Failure Report
AI
Age Indicator
ALS
Alternate Line Service
Alternate Line Service
The Supplementary Service that allows two telephony basic services to be
associated with one International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI). A single piece
of User Equipment (UE) can have two telephony lines: one normal and one
alternate. Each of these lines is associated with a different Mobile Subscriber
Integrated Services Digital Network (MSISDN) number, one normal and one
auxiliary.
AMF
Authentication Management Field. Part of the Network Authentication Token
(AUTN). Input to UMTS authentication algorithm.
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AN
Aggregation Node. The aggregation node is responsible for providing connectivity
between the Passport nodes providing SG, 3G-SGSN, and VMG functionality, and
the external transport networks used for the Iu and Gn interfaces. The AN is a
standard Passport 15K product with no Wireless Gateway specific applications. It
therefore supports the rich suite of existing Passport 15K services for the Gn and Iu
interfaces, as well as for any other required network services.
Anonymous Call Rejection
Allows a subscriber to reject calls from a number having its calling line
identification number presentation set to restricted.
API
Application Programming Interface
ASC
Alert Service Center is a MAP operation.
ASE
Application Service Element. Corresponds to an individual service provided or
requested by a user. Each service has a distinct ASE and an AE consists of a set of
ASEs.
ATI
Any Time Interrogation
AuC
AUTN
Network Authentication Token. Comprised of the Sequence Number (SQN),
Authentication Management Field (AMF), and the Milenage AuthenticationAlgorithm (MAC-A). Output from UMTS authentication algorithm.
Authentication algorithm
Name given to the UMTS authentication algorithm. The Milenage framework
allows many authentication algorithms to be defined by changing the flavor.
A component of the fixed portion of the PLMN. The AUC generates securityrelated parameters that are used to ensure that only authorized Mobile Subscribers
have access to the PLMN. AUC may be implemented on the Home Location
Register (HLR).
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B
Interface between the CS and VLR using MAP/TCAP signaling over CCS7 SCCP
and MTP.
BAIC
BAIC-roam
Barring of All Incoming Calls when roaming outside the home PLMN country
BAOC
BAOC-roam
Barring of All Outgoing Calls when roaming outside the home PLMN country
The Supplementary Service that makes it possible for the User Equipment (UE) to
prevent all incoming calls, or just those calls associated with a basic service.
The Supplementary Service that makes it possible for a User Equipment (UE) to
prevent all outgoing calls, or just those associated with a basic service.
Basic Service
A Teleservice or a Bearer Service
Basic Service Group
Either a Bearer Service Group or a Teleservice Group that contains similar Basic
Services.
BCS
Batch Change Supplement. A Northern Telecom software release identified by a
number such as BCS35+.
BCSM
Basic Call State Machines
Bearer service
A type of telecommunication service that provides the capability for the
transmission of signals between network access points, characterized by a set of low
layer attributes (layers 1 through 3 of the Open Systems Interconnection model).
Examples: speech followed by data; and alternate speech or unrestricted digital
transmission.
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B-interface
The Mobile Application Part (MAP) interface between a Call Server (CS) and a
Visitor Location Register (VLR).
Prevents the User Equipment (UE) that has activated BAOC from making any
outgoing calls, except emergency calls.
Allows the Mobile Subscriber with BOIC to call only subscribers of any PLMN or
fixed network in the country in which the MS with BOIC is currently roaming.
Barring of Outgoing International Calls (BOIC) except those directed to the Home
PLMN Country
Allows the User Equipment (UE) with BOIC-exHC to internationally call only
subscribers of its home PLMN country. The UE with BOIC-exHC can also call
subscribers locally within the visited PLMN where it is currently roaming.
BHCA
Busy Hour Completed Attempts (BHCA)
BOIC
BOICEXHC
Barring of Outgoing International Calls except those directed to the Home PLMN
Country
BRISC
BNR (Bell Northern Research) Reduced Instruction Set Computing
BSBSC
Base Station Controller. A network component in the PLMN that controls one or
more Base Transceiver Stations (BTSs). A BSC is part of a Base Station System
(BSS).
It terminates all radio-related messages from the Mobile Stations. It has two
components: the BSS central equipment (BCE) and the transcoding equipment
(TCE).
BSS
Base Station Subsystem. The entity responsible for communicating with Mobile
Stations within a certain portion of a service area. A BSS is a system of base station
equipment, such as transceivers and controllers. The GSM/UMTS MSC/HLR
communicates with a BSS over the A-interface. A BSS may consist of one or more
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base stations, and the radio equipment of the BSS may cover one or more cells.
BSSAP
Base Station System Application Part. A portion of the interface between the BSS
and Mobile-services Switching Center/Home Location Register (MSC/HLR) that
contains all of the application layer procedures used on the interface. The BSSAP
is split into two application sub-parts: the Direct Transfer Application Part (DTAP)
and the BSS Management Application Part (BSSMAP).
BSSMAP
Base Station System (BSS) Management Application Part (MAP). A category of
signaling, using Message Transfer Part (MTP) (layer 2) and Signaling Connection
Control Part (SCCP) (layer 3) of Common Channel Signaling 7 (CCS7), between
the BSS and the Mobile-services Switching Center/Home Location Register (MSC/
HLR) (A-Interface). BSSMAP supports procedures between the Digital Multiplex
System-Mobile-service Switching Center (GSM/UMTS MSC/HLR) and BSS
related to call processing and resource management. BSSMAP radio resource (RR)
control messages are interpreted at the BSS.
BSSOMAP
Base Station System Operation and Maintenance Application Part. In GSM
communications systems, BSSOMAP messages are used to transfer operation and
maintenance information between the Mobile-services Switching Center (MSC)
and the Base Station System (BSS).
BTS
Base Transceiver Station. A UMTS network component that serves one cell and is
controlled by a Radio Network Controller (RNC). A BTS may contain one or more
transceivers.
Busy
Called subscriber is call processing busy.
C
Interface between the CS and HLR using MAP/TCAP signaling over CCS7 SCCP
and MTP.
CALEA
Communications Assistance for Law Enforcements Agencies (CALEA)
Call Hold/Retrieve
The Supplementary Service that allows a Mobile Subscriber to place an active call
on hold or retrieve a currently held call.
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Call processing
The UMTS Voice Core Network (VCN) software system that handles the processes
involved in setting up connections through the VCN Call Server/Home Location
Register (VCN CS/HLR) network (between calling and called parties).
Call Server
The Call Server does the following:
•
•
•
•
•
provides basic switching functionality from the ISDN
handles the User Equipment (UE)
sets up call to and from Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
(UMTS) subscribers
performs ticketing on calls for all subscribers based in the area
transfer encryption parameters from the Visitor Location Register (VLR)
to the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN)
CAMEL
Customized Application for Mobile network Enhanced Logic
CAP
CAMEL Application Part
CAS
Channel Associated Signaling
CCITT
Consultative Committee for International Telephony and Telegraphy. An
international organization of communication carriers, especially government
telephone monopolies, responsible for developing telecommunication standards by
making recommendations.
CCF
Call Forwarding Flavors
CCS
Common Channel Signalling System #7
CCS7
Common Channel Signaling 7. A functional architecture that uses several layers to
describe the interconnection and exchange of information between users.
CD
Call Deflection
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CDA
Circuit Duplex Asynchronous. The abbreviation is used to refer to the bearer
service category Data Circuit Duplex Asynchronous, which refers to the category
of data services that provide asynchronous data communication.
CDAGBS
Circuit Duplex Asynchronous General Bearer Service
CDR
Call Detail Record. Stores specific information about incoming and outgoing calls.
CDS
Circuit Duplex Synchronous. The abbreviation used to refer to the bearer service
category Data Circuit Duplex Synchronous, which refers to the category of data
services that provide synchronous data communication.
CDSGBS
Circuit Duplex Synchronous General Bearer Service
Cell
A locally defined area of radio coverage served by one or more Base Transceiver
Stations (BTSs).
CEM
Core Element Manager
CF
Call Forwarding
CFB
Call Forwarding Busy. The Supplementary Service that permits a called Mobile
Subscriber to have the network send all or some incoming calls addressed to the
called Mobile Subscriber’s directory number and which meet Mobile Subscriber
busy criteria to another directory number.
CFNRc
Call Forwarding Not Reachable. The Supplementary Service that permits a called
Mobile Subscriber to have the network send all or some incoming calls addressed
to the called Mobile Subscriber’s directory number but that cannot be reached
because of radio congestion, no paging response, or because the subscriber is not
registered, to another directory number.
CFNRy
Call Forwarding No Reply. The Supplementary Service that permits a called
Mobile Subscriber to have the network send all or some incoming calls addressed
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to the called Mobile Subscriber’s directory number and which meet no reply to
another directory number.
CFU
Call Forwarding Unconditional. The Supplementary Service that permits a called
Mobile Subscriber to have the network send all or some incoming calls to another
directory number.
Channel
A specific portion of the total bandwidth of the transmission medium that serves as
a path between two or more stations. A channel may be furnished by wire, radio, or
a combination of both. The term channel often implies two channels, with one
channel going in an opposite direction from the other.
CI
Command Interpreter
C-interface
The Mobile Application Part interface between a Call Server (CS) and a Home
Location Register (HLR) using MAP/TCAP signaling over CCS7 SCCP and MTP.
CIPC
Nortel Call Interception Provisioning Center
Circuit
A complete electrical path over which telecommunications are provided between
terminals.
Circuit Core Networks
A mobile telephone switching system that acts as a key component of the PLMN.
The Call Server (CS) performs the functions of switching, routing, and control of
the call, charging, accounting, and the interworking with public switched telephone
networks.
CK
Cipher Key. Output from UMTS authentication algorithm.
CL
Cancel Location
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Class of Service
A Supplementary Service that associates a Mobile Subscriber to a Customer
Group. When a Mobile Subscriber is associated with a Customer Group, the
Mobile Subscriber inherits all of the services assigned to that Customer Group,
such as those listed below:
• individual and party lines
•
flat rate and message rate
•
restricted and extended area service
CLIP
Calling Line Identification Presentation. A Supplementary Service that provides the
called Mobile Subscriber with identification information about the calling party.
CLIR
Calling Line Identification Restriction. A Supplementary Service that provides the
calling party with the ability to restrict presentation of identification information to
the called party.
CM
(1) Computing Module. A component of the UMTS Voice Core Network (VCN)
SuperNode that performs the processor and memory functions. Each CM consists
of a pair of CPUs with associated memory that operate in a synchronous matched
mode on two separate planes. Only one plane is active; it maintains overall control
of the system while the other plane is on hot standby.
(2) Connection Management. A Signaling Layer 3 sublayer that includes the Call
Control (CC), Supplementary Services (SS), and Short Message Service (SMS)
entities.
CN
Core Network. The part of the Universal Mobile Communications System (UMTS)
that is independent of the connection technology of the terminal (radio or wired).
CNR
Call Notification Records
CNAM
Calling Name Display
CoLI
Connected Line Identification
COLP
Connected Line Identification Presentation
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COLR
Connected Line Identification Restriction. Provides the connected party with the
ability to block the presentation of the Connected Party Number (COPN) to the
origination party.
COPN
Connected Party Number
COR
Class of Registration
COS
Class of Service
CPU
Central Processing Unit. A hardware entity within the UMTS Voice Core Network
(VCN) switch that contains the central data processor for the system. The CPU uses
the programs and data stored in memory modules to respond to incoming messages
from the system. It then issues commands to the system to perform the required
actions.
CS
Call Server. The Packet Switch (PS) and CS domains make up the Core Network
(CN).
CS-A
Call Server (A). This designates an CS as the primary or controlling CS in which a
Mobile Station has either a mobile-originated or a mobile-terminated call.
CS address
An international Public Switched Telephone Network/Integrated Services Digital
Network (PSTN/ISDN) number, required if the Visitor Location Register (VLR) is
not co-located with the Call Server (CS).
CS-B
Call Server (B). Any CS other than the primary or controlling CS into which a
Mobile Station has moved during a call.
CSI
CAMEL Subscription Information. Data stored in the HLR for each CAMEL
subscriber
CS number
The ISDN number of an CS
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CSP
(1) Carrier Selection information Parameter. (2) Common Software Platform
Customized Application for Mobile network Enhanced Logic
A set of recommendations that standardize messages and Detection Points (DPs) for
Intelligent Networking (IN) interworking.
CUG
Closed User Group
CUSTGRP
Customer Group
CW
Call Waiting. The Supplementary Service that offers a Mobile Subscriber the
possibility to be notified of an incoming call while the termination is in the busy
state. Subsequently, the subscriber can answer, reject, or ignore the incoming call.
D
Interface between the HLR and VLR using MAP/TCAP signaling over CCS7
SCCP and MTP.
Data call
The term used to distinguish those telecommunication services that provide data
communication capability from those that provide speech communication
capability.
DCF
Default Call Forwarding
DDOC
Design Document
DDU
Disk Drive Unit. Part of the UMTS Voice Core Network (VCN) Input/Output
Device (IOD) subsystem used for storing and retrieving large amounts of
information. The DDU stores office images, non-resident commands, Call Detail
Recording (CDR), Operational Measurements (OMs), and Journal File (JF) data.
DECT
Digital European Cordless Telephony
DES
Data Encryption Standard
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D-interface
The Mobile Application Part interface between the HLR and the VLR.
DIRP
Device Independent Recording Package. A UMTS Voice Core Network (VCN)
software subsystem that automatically directs data from the various administrative
and maintenance facilities to the appropriate recording devices.
DP
Detection Point
DP2
Collected information for originating triggering calls
DP4
Route select failure
DP12
Terminating attempt authorized for terminating triggering calls
DP13
Mobile terminating busy
DP14
Mobile terminating no answer
DRU
Deliverable Release Unit
DS
Data Server
DS30
Protocol used as an interface among the components of UMTS Voice Core Network
Call Server (VCN CS/HLR) and VCN family switches.
DSD
Delete Subscriber Data
DSPROT
A VCN support operating system (SOS) memory type that survives all restarts and
has hardware write-protection.
GDual-plane combined core
A UMTS Voice Core Network (VCN) SuperNode equipment cabinet that houses
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VCN bus and VCN core. VCN bus provides the messaging control component for
the VCN SuperNode. VCN core performs central processing and is responsible for
control of operations, administration, and maintenance.
DTC
Digital Trunk Controller. A peripheral that provides the physical interface to E1/T1
digital carriers, allowing termination of a Public Switched Telephone Network
(PSTN) or Wireless Gateway (WG) connection.
EA
Equal Access
ECT
Supplementary Services Explicit Call Transfer
EDM
External Data Move. An EDM involves every tuple in a table being read from the
dump side and added to the table on the restore side. Every tuple goes through the
standard table control ADD operation including all the data integrity validations.
E-interface
Interface between CSs using MAP/TCAP signaling over SS7 MTP and SCCP.
EIR
Equipment Identity Register. A functional unit that stores International Mobile
Equipment Identities (IMEIs) for User Equipment (UE) and is accessed by a Call
Server to validate user equipment.
EMI
Electromagnetic Interference. The leakage of radiation outside a transmission
medium due to high-frequency energy.
eMLPP
enhanced multi-Level Precedence and Preemption service
Encryption engine
In the context of Milenage, this is any cryptographic function that takes a 128-bit
input key and produces a 128-bit ciphered output. The 128-bit block Rjindael cipher
is an example of an encryption engine.
ENET
Enhanced Network. A channel-matrix time switch that provides pulse code
modulated voice and data connections between peripheral modules (PMs). ENET
also provides message paths to the UMTS Voice Core Network (VCN)-bus
components.
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ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
Exchange
Telephone switching center or a defined area served by a communications common
carrier. The carrier furnishes service at the exchange rate under the area regulations
as prescribed in the carrier’s filed tariffs.
EXT
Extension Service
Ext-QoS
Extensible Quality of Service
F
Interface between CSs and EIR using Map/TCAP signaling over CCS7 SCCP and
MTP.
F-bus
Frame transport bus
FFN
Follow Me (FM) Function Node
Field
The vertical columns of a UMTS Voice Core Network (VCN) table used to identify
the fields of the table. A field has a name and a number associated with it.
Flavor
The flavor of an algorithm is defined by the parameters of the algorithm. In the
Milenage authentication algorithm, the flavor is defined by algorithm constant
integers values r1, r2, r3, r4, and r5 and 128-bit values c1, c2, c3, c4, and c5.
FM
Follow Me. Allows users to call by using by their FN and not the Mobile Subscriber
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) Number (MSISDN)
Forwarded To Number
Identifier that refers to an address where the calls are forwarded.
FSP
Frame Supervisory Panel. A UMTS Vocie Core Network (VCN) facility that
accepts the frame battery feed and ground return from the power distribution center.
The FSP distributes the battery feed, by means of subsidiary fuses and feeds, to the
shelves of the frame or bay in which it is mounted. The FSP also contains alarm
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circuits.
FTAM
File transfer access and management (protocol).
FTN
Forwarded-To-Number
G
Interface between VLRs using MAP/TCAP signaling over CCS7 SCCP and MTP.
GGSN
Gateway GPRS Support Node
GMSC
Gateway Mobile-services Switching center. A Mobile-service Switching Center
provides an entry point into the Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) from another
network or service. A GMSC is capable of interrogating an HLR for incoming
PLMN calls.
Ga
The interface between the 3G-SGSN and the Charging Gateway Function (CGF).
Gb
The RNS-SGSN interface is used to carry iPacket data transmission and mobility
Management information. The Gb interface is defined in GSM 08.14, 08.16 and
08.18.
GI
Interface between the GGSN and the internet.
Gn
The interface between the 3G-SGSN and GGSN. The transport layer of the Gn
interface is based on IP over ATM.
Gr
This interface is used to exchange the data related to the location of the mobile
station and to the management of the subscriber.
Gp
The interface between an 3G-SGSN in one PLMN and a GGSN in a different
PLMN. It is also the name of the interface between a 3G-SGSN and a SGSN in a
different PLMN.
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GPRS
General Packet Radio Service
GPRS-CSI
General Packet Radio Service-CAMEL Subscription Information
Gr
The SS7 interface between the SIG and the HLR.
Group
1. Individual UMTS Voice Core Network (VCN) registers with a common
application are placed into logical groups. The group name, like the register name,
is made up of a maximum of eight alphanumeric characters. It is this group name
by which Operational Measurement (OM) data is identified for scheduling and
request purposes.
2. A list of members or subgroups which are to be alerted sequentially. Each item
(member or subgroup) in the list is associated with a time (indicating for how long
alerting is to continue). If there is more than one item in the list a group type (single
or multiple) must be specified.
GSM
Global System for Mobile Communications. A digital cellular mobile telephone
system composed of network elements that comply with the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) SMG requirements and
recommendations.
GSM-R
Global System for Mobile Communications-Railways.
gsmSCF
GSM Service Control Function
GSM/UMTS-core
Global System for Mobile Communications/Universal Mobile Communications
System core module. The computing portion of GSM/UMTS SuperNode.
GSM/UMTS-MAP
System Maintenance and Administration Position. Terminal connected the switch
to allow interface to the switch.
GSM/UMTS MSC
System Mobile-services Switching Center. A Northern Telecom product that offers
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all of the functionality of a Mobile-services Switching Center (MSC) in a PLMN.
GSM/UMTS-MSC also contains an integrated Visitor Location Register (VLR).
See also MSC and VLR.
GSM/UMTS MSC/HLR
A Northern Telecom product that offers all of the functionality of a Mobile-services
Switching Center (MSC) and a Home Location Register (HLR) in a PLMN. It also
includes an integrated Visitor Location Register and Authentication Center. See
also MSC, HLR, VLR, and AUC.
GTP
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Tunneling Protocol. Protocol used to control
IP tunnels between the RNC and the GGSN.
GTT
Global Title Translation. The process that translates an application-specific address
into the Common Channel Signaling Number 7 (CCS7) network address, usually
that of the appropriate service control point.
GUI
Graphical User Interface
Handover
The process of transferring one user equipment involved in a call to another cell
(target cell) in the PLMN. A handover can be initiated for any number of reasons
including the degradation of the radio signal quality between the user equipment
and the network. A range of handover scenarios exists, from a handover entirely
within the same UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) (when the call
is transferred between cells in the same UTRAN) to a handover that involves two
different Call Server (CS) (involving not only different UTRANs, but different CS).
HLR
Home Location Register. A PLMN node that contains permanent subscriber data
and dynamic data related to a Mobile Subscriber. The HLR provides a central
repository of Mobile Subscriber information, supports call routing, and controls
Supplementary Services.
HLR-100
A Northern Telecom product that offers all of the functionality of a Home Location
Register (HLR) in a PLMN. GSM/UMTS-HLR also contains an integrated
Authentication Center (AUC). See also HLR and AUC.
HMEM
HLR Memory Extension. An HLR architecture in the form of third party core (3PC)
nodes, which enable the HLR subscriber capacity to be increased.
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HotLine Routing
A Supplementary Service that directs all calls to a specified destination regardless
of the dialed destination number.
HPLMN
Home Public Land Mobile Network. The Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN)
where a subscription is held and that contains the Home Location Register (HLR)
of the subscriber.
IK
Integrity Key. Output from UMTS authentication algorithm.
IMSI
International Mobile Subscriber Identity. A radio path subscriber identity of up to
15-digits that is used during signaling transactions between the piece of User
Equipment (UE) and the fixed network to uniquely identify each UE. The format of
an IMSI is: Mobile Country Code (MCC) plus Mobile Network Code (MNC) plus
Mobile Subscriber Identity Number (MSIN).
IMEI
International Mobile Equipment Identity. A unique number allocated to each
individual mobile station equipment in the Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN)
and implemented by the Mobile Subscriber (MS) manufacturer.
IMT
International Mobile Telecommunications
IN
(1) Intelligent Network. (2) Interrogating Node. A switching node that interrogates
an Home Location Register (HLR) to route a call for a Mobile Station to the visited
UMTS Voice Core Network Call Server/Home Location Register (VCN CS/HLR).
INAP
Intelligent Network Application Part
INC
International Carrier
Input/output controller
A UMTS Voice Core Network (VCN) equipment shelf that provides an interface
between the central message controller and as many as 36 input/output devices. The
input/output controller contains a peripheral processor that independently performs
local tasks, thus relieving the load on the Central Processing Unit.
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Integrated Service Module
A single shelf unit that replaces the existing Trunk Module (TM) Shelves and the
Maintenance Trunk Module (MTM) shelves. The ISM shelf provides 18 slots for
TM and MTM service Circuit Packs (CPs) or Peripheral Module (PM) CPs.
Interface
The common boundary between two associated systems. A translator between
unequal and dissimilar objects in a communications hierarchy.
Inter-LATA
A general term that describes the services, revenues, and functions relating to
telecommunications that originate inside one LATA and terminate either outside
that LATA or inside another LATA.
Inter-PLMN roaming
The functionality that allows a Mobile Subscriber to originate and receive calls after
it has roamed into a PLMN other than its home PLMN (HPLMN).
Interrogating node
A switching node that interrogates an HLR to route a call for a user equipment to
the visited VCN CS.
Interrogation
The method by which the Mobile Subscriber queries the VLR or VCN HLR100 for
Basic Service and Supplementary Service information.
Interworking
The general term used to describe the inter-operation of networks, services, and
Supplementary Services. Interworking enables processes on different systems and
networks to interact in a uniform way and carry out their tasks.
IntSS
Interrogate Supplementary Service
IOC
Input/Output Controller
IP
Internet Protocol
IRI
Intercept Related Information
ISC
Inform Service Center. A MAP operation.
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ISD
Insert Subscriber Data
ISDN
Integrated Services Digital Network. A set of standards developed by the
Consultative Committee for International Telephony and Telegraphy (CCITT).
These standards establish compatibility between the telephone network and new
data terminals and devices, thereby providing an international standard for digital
voice, data, and signaling transmissions.
ISM
Invocation State Machine
ISUP
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) User Part
ITU
International Telecommunication Union
lc
An interface that links the Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) to the GSM
Service Control Function (gsmSCF) client
le
An interface that links the Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) to the
external Location Services (LCS) client
lg
An interface that links the Visiting Location Register (VLR) to the Gateway Mobile
Location Center (GMLC)
lh
An interface that links the HLR to the Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC)
Iu
Iu interface (Interface UMTS). It is between the Core Network and Access
Network. The Core Network can be connected to different Access Networks using
it (equivalent to A interface in GSM).
The Iu interface is split up into the following domains:
• Iu CS (Circuit Switched) to the Circuit Domain
• Iu PS (Packet Switched) to the Packet Domain.
Iub
Iub interface (Interface UMTS Node B). It is between RNC and Node B. It allows
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to connect RNC and Node B from different manufacturers because it is
standardized.
Iu CS
Circuit switched interface between the CS and RNS using the WG.
IU PS
Packet switched interface between the CS and RNS using the WG.
Iur
The Iur interface between two RNCs supports functions without having the Core
Network involved.
IWF
InnerWorking Function. Provides data interworking between networks.
Journal File
A UMTS Voice Core Networks (VCN) subsystem that provides facilities for
recording Data Modification Order (DMO) information on tape or disk so that data
tables can be restored if the switch should fail and require a system reload.
Kc
64-bit maximum cipher key used to cipher signaling information and data.
Key
Each tuple of a UMTS Voice Core Network (VCN) table (the horizontal row) is
identified by a key. The key is the first field name or field number 1.
K
128-bit authentication key permanently assigned to the Third Generation (3G)
subscriber. Input to UMTS authentication algorithm.
LA
Location Area. An LA contains a group of cells with each cell belonging to one LA.
LAs are used by the Core Network (CN) domain to get information on the user
location when in the idle mode. One LA consists of a number of cells belonging to
several Radio Network Controllers (RNCs) that are connected to the same CN node.
The mapping between one LA and several RNCs is handled within the Call Server
(CS) and the Visitor Location Register (VLR) owning the LA.
LATA
A geographic area (known as an exchange or exchange area in the MFJ) where an
operating company offers telecommunication services.
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LCM
Line Concentrating Module
LCS
Location Services
LCO
Local Calls Only. A Supplementary Service that prevents the Mobile Subscriber
from making high toll calls. This is accomplished by only allowing the Mobile
Subscriber to make calls to a specific set of destination numbers that are considered
local. Calls terminating to destination numbers in high rate areas are denied.
LEA
Law Enforcement Agencies
A UMTS Voice Core Network Call Server/Home Location Register (VCN CS/
HLR) peripheral module (PM) cabinet that provides the signaling interface between
the VCN CS/HLR and the Common Channel Signaling 7 (CCS7) signaling
network. One Local Message Switch (LMS) shelf consists of two LMS units and
frame bus hardware. Three Link Interface Shelves (LIS) each contain as many as
12 application specific units (ASUs), which may be link interface units or network
interface units.
LIS
Link Interface Shelf. A shelf that contains Application Specific Units such as Link
Interface Units for Common Channel Signaling 7 (LIU7s) and Network Interface
Units (NIUs).
LIU
Link Interface Unit [part of Link Peripheral Processor (LPP)].
LIU7
Link Interface Unit for Common Channel Signaling 7 (CCS7). An Application
Specific Unit (ASU) in a Link Peripheral Processor (LPP) that processes messages
entering and leaving an LPP through an individual signaling data link. Each LIU7
consists of a set of cards and a paddleboard provisioned in one of the Link Interface
Shelves (LISs).
LME
Local Message Ericsson
LMS
Local Message Switch. A high-capacity communications hub that controls
messaging between Application Specific Units in a Link Peripheral Processor
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(LPP). An LMS also controls messaging between the LPP and the UMTS Voice
Core Network (VCN)-bus component.
Location area
A subsection of a PLMN consisting of a specific number of adjacent cells. It is
identified by its location area code (LAC).
Location area code
A 2-octet representation of a location area. Consists of the CS and MNC.
Log report
A message sent from a UMTS Voice Core Network (VCN) switch whenever a
significant event has occurred in the switch or one of its peripherals. A log report
includes state and activity reports as well as reports on hardware and software
faults, test results, and other events or conditions likely to affect the performance of
the switch. A log report can be generated in response to a system or manual action.
LPP
LTC
Line Trunk Controller
MAP
Mobile Application Part. MAP is a set of CCITT Common Channel Signaling No.
7 (CCS7) protocols used to handle the special information transfer requirements of
Mobile Subscribers in a PLMN. MAP defines the interfaces among network nodes.
Maintenance and Administration Position. A terminal that provides the UMTS
Voice Core Network (VCN) Man-Machine Interface (MMI) between the wireless
system and operating company personnel. The basic components of the MAP
include a Visual Display Unit (VDU) with a keyboard, a voice communications
module, and printers used in conjunction with the VDU
Mated pair Standby
Allows two geographically separate HLRs to provide mutual standby capability.
When subscriber data is created or modified for each release, the mated pair service
synchronization protocol requires updating to send the new data from the Active
HLR to the Standby HLR.
MCT
Malicious Call Trace
Member
One of the group of subscribers associated with the pilot’s Extension service list. A
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member is similar to a forwarded-to-number, and any MSISDN is applicable
including that of the pilot.
Message Switch
A high-capacity communications facility that functions as the messaging hub of the
UMTS Voice Core Network (VCN) SuperNode switch. The two message switch
planes make up the VCN bus.
MI
Management Information
Milenage
Framework of an authentication algorithm that is enhanced with the encryption
engine, algorithm constants, and OP or OPc values and accepted by 3GPP.
MLC
Mobile Location Center
MMU
Mobility Management Unit
MNC
Mobile network code. A code identifying the home Public Land Mobile Network
(PLMN) of the User Equipment (UE). A part of the International Mobile Subscriber
Identity (IMSI).
Mobile Station
Equipment intended to access a set of Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN)
telecommunications services. The access may occur while in motion or during halts
at unspecified points.
Mobile Subscriber
The individual or entity who obtains a service from a PLMN operator or an
authorized agent and is responsible for payment of all charges and rentals due.
MO-LR
Mobile Originating-Location Request
MoU
Memorandum of Understanding
MPC
Multiple Point Code
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MSC
Mobile services Switching Center
MSISDN
Mobile Subscriber Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) Number. A unique
phone number that consists of the Country Code + National Destination Code +
Subscriber Number. An MSISDN is allocated according to the CCITT E.164
numbering plan.
MS
Mobile Station. The mobile telephone set, including the network termination and
user terminal capabilities.
Message switch. Part of GSM/UMTS SuperNode.
MSC
Mobile-services Switching Center
MSRN
Mobile Subscriber Roaming Number. A temporary number issued by the Visitor
Location Register (VLR), upon demand by the Home Location Register (HLR), to
a Mobile Subscriber when the Mobile Station roams into another VLR area. The
HLR uses MSRNs to route calls to the Mobile Station. The format of the MSRN is
Country Code of the visiting Public Land Mobile Network + National Destination
Code (NDC) of the visited area + the code identifying the visited Call Server (CS)
+ the Subscriber Number allocated by the VLR.
MTC
Mobile Terminated Calls
MTD
Magnetic Tape Drive. A 9-track tape unit used on various UMTS Voice Core
Network (VCN) switches to store data.
MTM
Maintenance Trunk Module. A peripheral module (PM) that contains special buses
to accommodate test and service circuit cards for maintenance. The MTM provides
an interface between the switching network and the test and service circuits.
MTP
Message Transfer Part. A connectionless transport system for Common Channel
Signaling Number 7 (CCS7) that carries signaling messages between signaling
points in the network.
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MPT3
Message Transfer Part level 3
MPTY
Multiparty
MT-LR
Mobile Termination-Location Request
Multi-Party Service
A service that allows Mobile Subscribers to make three-way conference calls by
joining a held and an active call into one conference call using a conference bridge.
Provisioning and Withdrawal of Multi-Party Service are the responsibility of the
VCN HLR100.
NCOS
Network Class of Service
Network
A set of nodes and links that provides connections between two or more defined
points so telecommunications can occur between them.
Network Services
The MTP and SCCP collectively.
NI-LR
Network Induced-Location Request
NIU
Network Interface Unit
NOA
Nature of Address
No Reply Condition Time
This identifier refers to a no reply condition time for the Call Forwarding on No
Reply Supplementary Service.
NPDB
Number Portability Database. A database where the tillable numbers are
independent of the home environment or serving network.
NPI
Numbering Plan Indicator
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NSS
Network and Switching Subsystem
NTP
Northern Telecom Publication. A customer publication that is part of a publication
suite. An NTP contains descriptive information about Northern Telecom hardware
and software products.
OA&M
Operation, Administration, and Maintenance. All the tasks necessary for providing,
maintaining, or modifying the services of a switching system. These tasks include
provisioning of hardware, creation of service, verification of new service, and
trouble recognition and clearance.
OAU
Office Alarm Unit. A peripheral module (PM) that is equipped with circuit cards
that provide an interface with various types of office alarm circuits.
O-CSI
Originating-CAMEL Subscription Information
ODB
Operator-Determined Call Barring
ODBBCCFMGT
Operator-Determined Barring of Conditional Call Forwarding Subscriber
Management
ODB BOIC
Operator-Determined Barring of Outgoing International Calls
OM
Operational Measurements
ONP
One Night Process. A dump and restore process that transfers all the data in the
database from the old software release to the new software release.
OP
Operator Variant Algorithm configuration field. This is used to calculate the
subscriber’s OPc values. A single OP value can be use to calculate a group of
subscribers’ OPc values or a single subscriber’s OPc value.
OPc
This value is calculated from the OP value and the 3G subscriber’s K value. It is an
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extra value to put into the Milenage framework.
Operator-Determined Call Barring
A Service that allows network operators or service providers to regulate access to
UMTS services by barring user equipment from certain categories of incoming
calls, outgoing calls, and roaming.
OSS
Operation Support System
O-TDP
Originating Trigger Detection Point
P
Indicates that a Supplementary Service is Provisioned.
PCI
Preferred Carrier Identifier
PCS
Process Control System
PD
Permanent Data
PDM
Physical Data Move. Physical data is transferred to the other side and reformatted
as it is written to the physical database instead of transferring every tuple
individually and passing the tuple through the table control validations.
PDN
Packet Data Networks
PDP
Packet Data Protocols
Peripheral module
A generic term referring to all hardware modules in the UMTS Voice Core Network
(VCN) switch that provide interfaces with external line, trunk, or service facilities.
A peripheral module contains peripheral processors that perform local routines,
which relieve the load on the Central Processing Unit (CPU).
Pilot
Nominated head of the Extension service group whose MSISDN is used to reach
the group and holds the list of group members. The pilot may not be a member of
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his/her own group. If s/he is not a member of his/her own group, s/he cannot receive
calls from Nortel gateways supporting the Extension service.
PLMN
Public Land Mobile Network. A network established and operated by an
administration or its licensed operator(s) that provides land mobile communications
services to the public. A PLMN provides communication possibilities for mobile
users; a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) PLMN is one that
complies with the UMTS recommendations. Interworking with a fixed network is
necessary for communication between mobile and fixed users.
PMP
Provisioning Manager Process
PreSWACT
PreSwitch of Activity
PRN
Provide Roaming Number
Protocol
A strict procedure for communications between objects of equal rank in a
communications hierarchy.
PS
Packet Switch. The PS and Call Server (CS) domains make up the Core Network
(CN).
PSI
Provide Subscriber Information
PSTN
Public Switched Telephone Network. The worldwide voice telephone network
accessible to all those with telephones and access privileges.
PUSSR
Process Unstructured Supplementary Service Request. This is an Unstructured
Supplementary Service Data (USSD) message.
PWI
Preside Wireless Interface
QoS
Quality of Service
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Quality of Service
The collective effect of service performances hat determine the degree of
satisfaction of a user of a service such as operability, accessibility, retainability, and
integrity performance.
R
Random Number. Indicates that a Supplementary Service is Registered.
RA
Routing Area. Routing Area. An RA contains a group of cells, each cell belonging
to one RA. RAs are used by the Core Network Packet Switch domain to get
information on the user location when in idle mode. One RA consists of a number
of cells belonging to RNCs that are connected to the same CN node, that is. one
3G_SGSN. The mapping between one RA and Radio Network Controllers (RNCs)
is handled within the Second Generation Serving GPRS Support Node. (SGSN)
owning this RA.
RAID
Redundant Array of Independent (or Inexpensive) Disks
RANAP
Radio Access Network Application Part. A portion of the interface between the
UTRAN and Call Server/Home Location Register (CS/HLR) that contains all of the
application layer procedures used on the interface.
RAND
128-bit random number to be used as challenge in a challenge response protocol.
Used by encryption algorithms. Input to UMTS authentication algorithm.
RD
Restore Data
RDS
Report SM-Delivery Status. A MAP operation.
Register
A register is a software location that stores counts. UMTS Voice Core Network
(VCN) register readings may take the form of peg count or usage values. Each
register is given a unique name that is a term of up to eight alphanumeric characters.
Registration
The process a Mobile Station uses to inform the network of its current location. This
process also informs the home switch of the Mobile Subscriber’s location.
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RegSS
Register Supplementary Service
Report
Response from either the network or the recipient upon a short message being sent
from either a Service Center or a Mobile Station. A report may be a delivery report,
which confirms the delivery of the short message to the recipient. It could also be a
failure report, which informs the originator that the short message was never
delivered and identifies the reason why.
RFSM
Ready for SM. A MAP operation.
Rijndael
This is the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) cipher that replaces the Data
Encryption Standard (DES) cipher. It is a block-cipher with a 128-bit, block size
and is used as part of the Milenage Authentication Algorithm.
RNC
Radio Network Controller.The equipment in the RNS in charge of controlling the
use and integrity of the radio resources.
RNS
Radio Network Subsystem. Either a full network or only the access part of a
UTRAN offering the allocation and the release of specific radio resources to
establish a way to connect between the User equipment (UE) and the UMTS
Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN).
Roaming Restrictions
The VCN HLR100 mechanism that allows the operator to define the Visitor
Location Registers (and thus the areas and PLMNs) to which a Mobile Subscriber
may and may not roam.
Routeset
A logical group of Common Channel Signaling Number 7 (CCS7) signaling paths
with the same destination point.
RS
Registration Status. This indicates whether a subscriber has registered for a
Supplementary Service.
S
Indicates that a Supplementary Service is Suppressed.
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SC
Service Center. A network entity that is responsible for the relaying and store-andforwarding of a short message between a Short Message Entity and a Mobile
Station. The SC is not part of the Public Land Mobile Network.
SC
Super Charger
SCCP
Signaling Connection Control Part. A level of Common Channel Signaling Number
7 (CCS7) layered protocol. The main functions of the SCCP include the transfer of
signaling units with or without the use of a logical signaling connection and the
provisioning of flexible Global Title Translations (GTTs) for different applications.
SCF
Service Control Function
SCINFO
The "Subscriber Capacity Information" CI command which displays information
about the subscriber capacity feature
SCSI
Small Computer System Interface. A disk drive control technology.
SDC
System Data Cache
SDM
Supernode Data Manager
SDM/FT
SuperNode Data Manager/Fault Tolerant
Service Area
A geographical region that offers (by the definition of the service provider) a
homogeneous dial plan for all users within it.
SG
Signaling Gateway. The Signaling Gateway processes the protocol layers that are
involved in the transport of circuit and packet signaling between the UMTS Access
Network and either the 3G-MSC/Call Server or the 3G-SGSN.
The SG provides an Iu signaling link between the Core Network (3G-MSC and 3GSGSN) and Access networks (RNC). The SG also provides an SS7 interface
between the 3G-MSC and SG to relay signaling messages.
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SGSN
Serving GPRS Support Node
Signaling network
SS7 Level 3 protocol enabling data messages and control information to be
exchanged between non-adjacent signaling points, and any Mobile Subscriber
related information that plugs into Mobile Stations.
SIM
Subscriber Identity Module. A removable portion of a Mobile Station within the
Universal Mobil Telecommunications System (UMTS) architecture. It contains
user identity, security, and subscriber information.
SLM
System Load Module. A mass storage system in a UMTS Voice Core Network
(VCN) SuperNode processor that stores office images. From the SLM, new loads
or stored images can be booted into the Computing Module (CM).
SOC
Software Optionality Control
SRL
Send Routing Information for Location Service (LCS)
SM
Short Message. Information that may be conveyed by means of the Short Message
Service.
SME
Short Message Entity. An entity that may send or receive short messages. The SME
may be located in a fixed network, a Mobile Station or a Service Center.
SMS
Short Message Service. The means of transferring messages in a PLMN. Messages
are transferred between Mobile Stations and a short message entity in a service
center.
SMS-CSI
Short Message Service-CAMEL Subscription Information
SMS-Gateway
Gateway Call Server (CS) for Short Message Service. A CS capable of receiving a
short message from a Service Center, interrogating an HLR for routing information
and SMS information, and delivering the short message to the Visited Call Server
of the recipient Service Center.
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SMS-IWMSC
Interworking Call Server (CS) for Short Message Service. A CS capable of
receiving a short message from within the Public Land Mobile Network and
submitting it to the recipient Service Center.
SMS-SC
Short Message Service Center. The entity in a Public Land Mobile Network that
acts as a storage and forwarding center for short messages.
SNSE
UMTS Voice Core Network (VCN) SuperNode Size Enhanced. The SNSE
combines the core elements of the VCN SuperNode architecture in a single cabinet.
The two major components of VCN SuperNode are VCN core and VCN bus. VCN
bus consists of dual Message Switch shelves; VCN core consists of a Computing
Module (CM) shelf and a System Load Module (SLM) shelf.
SQN
Sequence Number. Input to UMTS authentication algorithm.
SRES
Signed Response. Response to a challenge in a challenge response protocol. Used
in authentication.
SRI
Send Routing Information. A MAP operation.
SRI-Ack
Send Routing Information Acknowledge. A message sent to the GSMC if the
terminating triggering criteria are met
SRI-SM
Send Routing Information for Short Message. A MAP operation.
SRM
Send Routing Information for Short Message. A MAP operation.
SS
Supplementary Service
SS BOIC
Supplementary Services Barring of Outgoing International Calls Except those
directed to the Home PLMN Country
SS BOICEXHC
Supplementary Services Barring of Outgoing International Calls
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SS-CSI
Supplementary Services DATA CAMEL Subscription Information
STP
Signaling Transfer Point
Subscriber
Mobile Subscriber
Subscriber Data
The ASN.1 identifier that exists as part of the Insert Subscriber Data Message and
the Send Parameters result message. This identifier refers to all the data attached to
a subscriber that have to be known in the VLR.
Sun MC
Sun Management Center
SuperNode
UMTS Voice Core Network (VCN) SuperNode. A high-capacity switch used in
Northern Telecom’s wireless systems. The two major components of VCN
SuperNode are VCN core and VCN bus. The VCN bus consists of dual Message
Switch shelve. The VCN core consists of a Computing Module (CM) shelf and a
System Load Module (SLM) shelf.
A modification of or a supplement to a basic telecommunication service. Examples
include call waiting and call barring.
SVR7
CCS7 Server (peripheral module)
SWACT
Switch of Activity
Table
Data associated with UMTS Voice Core Network (VCN) hardware and VCN
software systems are stored in tables. Tables are two-dimensional entities
consisting of horizontal rows (tuples) and vertical columns that identify fields of
tuples.
TCAP
Transaction Capabilities Application Part. A service that provides a common
protocol for remote operations across the Common Channel Signaling Number 7
(CCS7) network. The protocol consists of message formatting, content rules, and
exchange procedures.
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T-CSI
Terminating-CAMEL Subscription Information
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
TD
Temporary Data
TDP
Trigger Detection Point. A particular point in the call on the switch
TDP-R
Trigger Detection Point-Request
T-TDP
Terminating Trigger Detection Point
Teleservice
A type of telecommunication service that provides the complete capability,
including terminal equipment functions, for communication between users
according to protocols established by agreement between administrations and
service providers. Examples include Teletex, Videotex, and emergency calls.
TIF
Translations Information Flag. Suppresses UMTS checks that are applied to Call
Forwarding numbers when the subscriber is provisioned with Originating CAMEL
Subscription Information (O-CSI)
TIF-CSI
Translations Information Flag-CAMEL Subscription Information
TMSI
Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity. A unique identity temporarily allocated to
visiting Mobile Subscribers in order to support the subscriber identity
confidentiality service. The TMSI has only local significance within a specific
Visitor Location Register (VLR) and is used to support subscriber identity
confidentiality. It is an abbreviated form of the International Mobile Subscriber
Identity (IMSI).
Transceiver
A transmitter-receiver unit that handles radio communications for the Base
Transceiver Station (BTS). A BTS may contain several transceivers.
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Translation
The process in which dialed digits are converted into information that enables a call
to be routed to the correct destination by the system.
TRAU
Transcoding and Rate Adaptation Unit. A device that takes UMTS speech packets
and converts them into standard ISDN 64 kbps speech packet.
TRINODE
An office configuration involving a MSC/VLR, HLR and STP (now known as a
Combined MSC/HLR)
Trunk
Interconnection of telephone switching centers that contain numerous shared
telephone circuits.
TS
Technical Specification
U-CSI
subscriber Unstructured Supplementary Service Data CAMEL Subscription
Information. Used to forward PUSSR messages to different nodes on a per
subscriber basis
UDI
Unrestricted Digital Information
UDP
Protocol to control the connectionless datagram communications.
UE
User Equipment. The user access point to the system. Provides the user a method to
speak and receive or transmit data.
UG-CSI
USSD General CAMEL Subscription Information. Used to forward PUSSR
messages to different nodes on a per HLR basis
UGL
Update GTP Location message
UL
Update Location. This operation is invoked from the VLR to the VCN HLR100
when the Mobile Station moves into a new VLR area or turns on the handset, or
after a Reset.
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Um interface
The radio interface between the Base Station System and the Mobile Station.
UMTS
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System. A digital cellular mobile telephone
system composed of network elements that comply with the European
Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI) SMG requirements and
recommendations.
UMTS authentication algorithm
A Universal Mobile Communications System (UMTS) algorithm that provides
security.
UMTS authentication algorithm with Milenage/Rjindael framework
A Universal Mobile Communications System (UMTS) algorithm that allows the
operator to configure parameters used internally to provide an extra layer of
security.
UMTS BC
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Bearer Capability.
USIM
User Services Identity Module
UUS1
User-to-User Signaling, Type 1
USSD
Unstructured Supplementary Service Data
USSD CSI
Unstructured Supplementary Service Data CAMEL Subscription Information
USSN
Unstructured Supplementary Service Notify
USSR
Unstructured Supplementary Service Request
UTRAN
UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
Uu interface
This interface is used between Node B and UE. It is dependent from the technology
used on the radio (it can be WCDMA or TD/CDMA for example).
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VBS
Voice Broadcast Service
VCH
Voice Channel. A Radio Frequency (RF) channel used to transmit cellular voice
conversations. The VCH is also an integral part of call setup, handover, and
disconnect.
VCN core
UMTS Voice Core Network core module. The computing portion of VCN
SuperNode.
VCN CS
UMTS Voice Core Network Call Server. A Northern Telecom product that offers
all of the functionality of a Call Server (CS) in a PLMN. VCN CS also contains an
integrated Visitor Location Register (VLR). See also CS and VLR.
VCN CS/HLR
A Northern Telecom product that offers all of the functionality of a Call Server (CS)
and a Home Location Register (HLR) in a PLMN. It also includes an integrated
Visitor Location Register and Authentication Center.
VCN HLR100
UMTS Voice Core Network Home Location Register. A Northern Telecom product
that offers all of the functionality of a Home Location Register (HLR) in a PLMN.
VCN HLR100 also contains an integrated Authentication Center (AUC). See also
HLR and AUC.
VCN MAP
UMTS Voice Core Network Maintenance and Administration Position. Terminal
connected the switch to allow interface to the switch.
VGCS
Voice Group Call Service
Virtual Home Environment
A concept for personal service environment portability across network boundaries
and between terminals. Uses standards such as Customized Application for Mobile
network Enhanced Logic (CAMEL).
The location register where all relevant parameters concerning a Mobile Station are
stored as long as the Mobile Station is in a location area controlled by this register.
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VLR
VMG
Virtual Media Gateway. The VMG provides the Transcoding and Rate Adaptation
Unit (TRAU) and Echo Cancellation functionality for the Core Network Circuit
Domain. The VMG also handles the allocation and call setup of the Circuit Domain
Bearer Channel because it implements the Q.2630 and Q.2150 protocols.
VPLMN
Visited Public Land Mobile Network. A Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) to
which the User Equipment (UE) has roamed and is not the HPLMN of the UE.
WG
Wireless Gateway. The Wireless Gateway (WG) is a common Iu interface
termination point for PS (Packet) Switched) and CS (Circuit Switched) domains.
The Wireless Gateway provides signaling and bearer services across both Circuit
Domain and Packet Domains and provides communication between the Core
Network (CN) and Access Networks (AN). The WG is actually part of both the 3GMSC and the 3G-SGSN according to the Third Generation (3G) standards
definitions.
The functional elements of the WG are as follows:
3G-SGSN
Signaling Gateway (SG)
Virtual Media Gateway (VMG)
Aggregation Node (AN)
X.25
Packet Data Switching Protocol. Defines the interaction between a DTE and a DCE
of a packet switching network.
XA-Core
Extended Architecture Core. A new multi-processor, RISC based architecture for
the VCN Core SuperNode computing engine. Fully compatible with existing
SuperNode and SuperNode SE based products. The XA-Core platform is a direct
replacement for the VCN Core CM, SLM, backplane, and like components.
XRES
Expected Response. Output from UMTS authentication algorithm.
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test
Family Product Manual Contacts Copyright Confidentiality Legal
GSM / UMTS
HLR100
Product Guide
To order documentation from Nortel Global Wireless Knowledge Services, call
(1) (877) 662-5669
To report a problem in this document, call
(1) (877) 662-5669
or send e-mail from the Nortel Customer Training & Documentation World Wide Web site at
http://www.nortel.com/td
Copyright © 1993–2006 Nortel, All Rights Reserved
NORTEL CONFIDENTIAL
The information contained herein is the property of Nortel and is strictly confidential. Except as expressly authorized in writing by
Nortel, the holder shall keep all information contained herein confidential, shall disclose it only to its employees with a need to
know, and shall protect it, in whole or in part, from disclosure and dissemination to third parties with the same degree of care it
uses to protect its own confidential information, but with no less than reasonable care. Except as expressly authorized in writing by
Nortel, the holder is granted no rights to use the information contained herein.
Information is subject to change without notice. Nortel reserves the right to make changes in design or components as progress in
engineering and manufacturing may warrant.
GSM is a trademark of GSM MOU Association.
Trademarks are acknowledged with an asterisk (*) at their first appearance in the document.
Document number: 411-2831-010
Product release: GSM18 / UMTS04
Document version: Standard 18.05
Date: April 2006
Printed in the United States of America

411-2831-010.18.05 GSM / UMTS HLR100 Product Guide

Transcription

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