Clarksdale, MS - Mississippi State Community Action Team
Transcription
Clarksdale, MS - Mississippi State Community Action Team
Clarksdale M is sis sippi first IMPRESSIONS MISSISSIPPI STATE COMMUNITY ACTION TEAM first TEAM MEMBERS Dixie Cartwright Kayla McDavid Starkville Leadership Forum Starkville Leadership Forum IMPRESSIONS A Community Assessment for Clarksdale, Mississippi Kayla Clayborne Jeremy Murdock Site visit conducted Starkville Leadership Forum MS State Community Action Team June 5, 2008 Tasha Hill Cari Varner Starkville Leadership Forum Mississippi State University / Carl Small Town Center “First Impressions” is a program designed to capture the thoughts and feelings of visitors as they observe for the first time the characteristics of a community. Following a very structured visitation program, a team of individuals with diverse backgrounds document their perceptions of both positive assets and challenges to social and economic growth in a community. Information contained in this report is a compilation of observations by a team assembled the Mississippi State Community Action Team (MSCAT). This report is not intended as a recommendation for any specific future action or support for any one course of action already being implemented in a community. To maintain this sense of neutrality, the question/answer format used by the team members to make their assessments is rigidly followed in presenting the team’s overall assessment. How easy was it to get information on the community that you were visiting? Did it accurately reflect what you saw? Did you have difficulties The “Five Minute” Impression obtaining information on the community through a Web search? It was very easy to obtain information about Clarksdale. All of these sites make Clarksdale very inviting to visit. •http://www.clarksdale.com/ This Web site is not the best one, but it is up to date about events like the “Blues Festival.” It is geared toward tourists who like the blues. It also has links to other festivals and the chamber of commerce site. •http://www.clarksdaletourism.com/ This Web site depicts the crossroads and the Delta cotton, and it opens up to the history of Clarksdale. One team member said, “I like to know the past of a place that I visit.” This site has all that you need—even pictures of the hotels and the number of rooms. These hotels are not five-star, but you can see this in the pictures. There are links to other Web sites that may interest others. •http://www.clarksdale-ms.com/ This is the chamber of commerce and industrial foundation Web site. It has information about quality of life, and even has a video for prospects. Great video! •http://www.visitthedelta.com/communities/clarksdale/ This is an attractive Web site that talks about the cities found in the Delta region. It is good for blues lovers. The famous Ground Zero Blues Club is pictured everywhere and it gives musicians a reason to sing the blues. These Web sites may be a bit misleading. Clarksdale is hyped up to be the cleanest place, but some team members were disappointed after a “five-minute impression” of abandoned buildings and broken sidewalks. A team member expressed concern about the map that was handed out at the welcome center. It did not have all of the streets clearly mapped out. After taking a five-minute drive through the community without stopping, the following reactions were noted: One team member remarked, “My first impression of Clarksdale is one of a divided city, whose prime was in the past.” Some areas of the city seem to be run-down and still focused on industrial or agricultural production, and others seem to be making gestures toward a tourism-based economy. However, there doesn’t seem to be one clear idea of what Clarksdale is or would like to be. Another team member said, “Initially I was shocked at the size of the city, especially the downtown area.” It was evident that Clarksdale was once one of the major cities of the Delta, as well as the state, however, numerous vacant and unkempt properties throughout the city show that this is a new era for Clarksdale. One of the first things that we noticed were the Christmas decorations (snowflakes) on the light poles—it was June!!! The decorations were on display in the downtown area, as well as the strip development on the highway. Another said, “Overall, the community looks like it is on its way down instead of up! It has so much historical potential that is not being taken advantage of—very sad!” First Impressions ~ June 2008 Community Entrances The following observations were noted when entering the community from major entrances (notice signs, streetscapes, buildings, etc.): Approached from the south on Highway 49: As we approached the city, we passed the Hopson Plantation, which is a well-advertised tourist attraction, light industrial/agricultural operations, and then the chamber of commerce facility. The facility was well-marked with signage; however, the dark brown signs were difficult to see at first glance. Perhaps signs with more contrasting colors would help. We do not recall seeing a “Welcome to Clarksdale” sign. If there is one, it did not stand out. One team member said, “The only signage for Clarksdale that I saw was the Mississippi Department of Transportation sign.” There was really good directional signage for the downtown area and the Delta Blues Museum. We passed the crossroads, which was not very impressive. This is one of the most famous blues locations in the country and there is one sign surrounded by gas stations and vacant property. This could be a real gateway into the downtown area and a monumental tourist attraction on the blues trail. Clarksdale, Mississippi First Impressions ~ June 2008 Approached from the east on North State Street (off of Highway 61): This was obviously the older entrance to the city. We passed the hospital Downtown Business Area and medical complex, which was in pretty good condition, but overall, the area was old and run-down. The only welcome sign that we noticed was a football state championship sign with “Welcome to Clarksdale” on the bottom. We actually passed the sign before we realized it was a welcome sign. We passed many tamale stands, which are quickly becoming tourist attractions, and ended up at the crossroads again. Approached from the west on South State Street (off of Hwy 61): This is the newer entrance to the city, which takes you through the commercial strip development. This entrance was full of strip malls, fast food restaurants and gas stations. This shows that growth is happening in the city, but it has that “placeless” feeling. A sign ordinance is desperately needed before that issue gets out of control. We did happen to catch a small welcome sign, but it was not set apart in any way and was lost in the clutter. Perhaps some landscaping around the sign would serve as a quick fix. Clarksdale, Mississippi Observations about the general appearance of the downtown area: The size of the downtown area was impressive. There were numerous two and three-story buildings and even a seven or eight-story building. The sidewalks were very wide, there was plenty of on-street and surface parking, and there were street trees on many of the blocks. The street trees were a great addition to the streetscape in general, but they were not wellmaintained at all. None had tree grates and many were growing through the concrete. Many of the trees had wrought iron tree guards, but they also were not maintained and the trees are actually growing into the guard. One team member remarked, “The snowflakes still hanging from Christmas were a little disturbing.” First Impressions ~ June 2008 Describe the buildings, displays and signage. The downtown business area has a significant stock of historic buildings Describe the customer service received when you entered those retail businesses. (Were you greeted; did you have to ask for assistance?) and interesting facades. The building stock generally does not seem to be in Customer service was very attentive and nice. One team member said, too poor of a condition and appears to be structurally sound. However, the “The people were wonderful! They were very excited to see us and they were businesses that occupy these buildings are not generally marketing themselves happy to tell us about the community.” We visited quite a few stores and the towards tourists or shoppers. Many storefronts were not occupied and signage people were extremely friendly in all of them. They were very helpful and fun did not reflect new businesses. Several of the buildings had their windows to talk with. Many told us their story of how they ended up in Clarksdale and boarded up. Signage on the buildings was not in good shape. One team why they liked the member said, “Many buildings could use a fresh coat of paint and some city. All of them TLC!” believe that the town is on the A few entrepreneurs have come into several of these abandoned buildings verge of some very and revitalized them. These entrepreneurs sell items that tourists would like. positive changes. Fans were blowing to help keep the customers cool. One man even stopped us on the Tell us what type of businesses you observed and give a description of the street to give us a variety and quality of merchandise displayed. copy of the local The businesses we visited were appealing to tourists. There were a couple of businesses that featured blues artists and music (very interesting magazine, “Here’s Clarksdale.” places to visit), a record store that carried older blues records and posters, a very nice feed shop, and some very upscale art studios. The problem is that all of these businesses were located throughout the downtown, not concentrated in one area. This could be considered an advantage because it forces visitors to walk around the entire downtown area, possibly stopping at other businesses. The disadvantage is that visitors must walk past 10 vacant buildings to get to one store. There are still those businesses downtown that provide useful services, such as a pharmacy-type store and a grocery store within walking distance. Other than those few stores, there was not much action going on downtown. Clarksdale, Mississippi First Impressions ~ June 2008 List any governmental or nonprofit organizational activities that might What public amenities were available: drinking fountains, benches, public serve as a magnet for the shopping district. restrooms? The courthouse (county and city) is located downtown, which will bring We did not see very many benches downtown. There were a few locals downtown. The courthouse appeared to be a relatively new structure, benches adjacent to the depot, but they were not in the shade and would not which was very odd, considering that the courthouse is typically the historic be a comfortable place to rest in the summer. A few businesses had benches anchor for most Mississippi downtowns. There also is a federal building in front of their establishments, but not many. Several benches were broken. downtown that appears to employ many residents. One thing that we all You have to think about tourists from outside of this region coming into town noticed was the faded and tattered Mississippi flag at the federal building. on their summer vacation. They may not be accustomed to the Mississippi That is unacceptable for a government facility to fly a less than pristine flag. heat and humidity. Benches would be a good investment for the downtown. We also observed numerous churches in one area downtown which brings We did not see any drinking fountains. We used the restrooms in the blues residents to that area on the weekends and occasionally during the week. museum. The facilities were very clean. We assumed that the courthouse As far as other organizations, the Delta Blues Museum is definitely a tourist and the visitor’s center had public restrooms, but the visitor’s center was not attraction that will bring visitors from around the world. open (at 1 p.m. on a Thursday) and we did not enter the courthouse. One team member commented on meeting a couple from New Zealand Comment on appealing landscaping and the streetscapes in general. who were in America for a six week vacation. This couple had visited the The streetscape in the downtown needs a lot of work. The existing street Grand Canyon, Las Vegas, San Francisco, New York City, Austin, Nashville, trees are overgrown and poorly maintained. As mentioned earlier, the trees Memphis, and Clarksdale. They did their research online and thought that are cracking the concrete because there are no tree grates, and the trees are Clarksdale had a lot to offer. They had been in town for only two days, but growing into the tree guards. The street trees are definitely a good addition said they had a great time and that the “Southern hospitality” was everything and add a lot to the area, but they need to be updated and maintained. that they had expected. The City of Clarksdale must realize what it has and Throughout the downtown we saw nice hanging baskets on the lamp posts, capitalize on it immediately. but every single one was full of dead plants. These baskets would be a nice asset, but only if they are maintained. There was more grass growing in the trash receptacle ash tray at the Delta Blues Museum than in these baskets. The downtown should look into upgrading the street signs, street lights, traffic signals, trash receptacles, and benches to more decorative features. This will unify the downtown and set it apart as a separate district from the rest of the city. Clarksdale, Mississippi First Impressions ~ June 2008 Did you have any difficulty finding parking? Could you access multiple services from where you parked? Other retail shopping areas (big box retailers/shopping malls)? On-street and surface parking that accessed multiple areas of downtown were readily available. As the area grows in the future, the addition of a mixed-use parking structure would eliminate the need for extensive amounts of surface parking. Describe other retail shopping areas. Were the areas attractive and easy to access? Clarksdale had the typical strip development along Highway 278 and on the south end of town on Highway 49. This area is the “generic” area of town that is not unique to Clarksdale. Strip developments such as this do not add anything to the overall character of the city. In fact, they detract from the existing, historic character. Clarksdale must get control over this type of development before it spreads itself too far and really stretches its resources too thin. This area has already had a negative impact on the downtown. The new development along the highway has pulled resources and businesses from the downtown, causing it to suffer. Infill should be a major priority in Clarksdale. Incentives should be offered to any new development or business that chooses to relocate within the downtown. This uses existing infrastructure instead of requiring the expansion of roads and utilities, as well as having to add new police and fire stations. New development should also fit within the existing architectural-style of the downtown. The buildings within the strip development are typically built from poor quality materials that are not going to stand the test of time and they are built in a style that is not unique to Clarksdale. New development should maintain and enhance the look, feel and style of the existing downtown area. This pattern of growth will stand the test of time, as demonstrated in the existing downtown buildings that have been in use three or four times as long as many of the strip centers. It also will create a unique community that will stand out among others in the state and, especially, others in the Delta. Clarksdale, Mississippi First Impressions ~ June 2008 Industrial parks/commercial areas Is there a defined area where manufacturing industries could easily locate/expand? If so, please describe. There is an existing industrial park. Given Clarksdale’s location within a rural landscape, we would assume that there is plenty of land available for expansion. Clarksdale, Mississippi First Impressions ~ June 2008 Health care services Comment on the availability and apparent quality of hospitals and emergency medical services. There appeared to be sufficient health care services in the community, and most of them were conveniently located in one area of town. The hospital looked like it was fairly new, and there were several large, independent medical practices close to it. The only negative in this area was the abundance of run-down apartments near the entrance of the hospital. Comment on the availability and condition of facilities for physician, dentist, optometrist, and other medical care. There appeared to be sufficient health care services in the community. The facilities varied in size and location, and appeared to support citizens from all walks of life. What long-term care services, assisted living or nursing facilities exist in the community? One nursing home and one hospice care facility was observed near the location of the hospital. Clarksdale, Mississippi First Impressions ~ June 2008 Housing Give a brief description of the existing mix of housing stock. Does the local market have housing that would appeal to all income ranges? What challenges do you see in regards to finding acceptable housing? (Neighborhoods, size, properties for sale) There appeared to be an acceptable mixture of housing stock within the community. We observed an eclectic mix of older plantation-style homes in addition to ranch-style housing from the ’70s and ’80s. Many of the neighborhoods seemed to be well-maintained and there were not many abandoned houses in the area. Most of the housing consisted of single family homes, but there were some subsidized apartment complexes. Apparently, the former Woolworth building is being renovated to include apartments. A movement toward offering downtown housing will drastically change the downtown area. There are good examples of this all over the state, such as Columbus, Brookhaven, Natchez, etc. This will bring activity to the downtown 24 hours per day. A mixture of nice townhouses adjacent to downtown would also add another housing option. Everyone does not want to live in a single family house in a neighborhood and everyone does not want a studio apartment, so there should be an appropriate mix of housing between the two. What kinds of rental properties did you observe for persons interested in building or simply living in the community prior to buying housing? Again, we observed mainly subsidized apartments, but there are some apartments/condos above Ground Zero that could possibly be rented for an extended period of time. Clarksdale, Mississippi First Impressions ~ June 2008 Schools Do the following schools appear to be adequate in size or do you see the use of temporary classrooms? Are they well-maintained? The schools were pretty typical of those across the state. A few were really old and almost had a deteriorated appearance. The historic school adjacent to the Oakhurst school actually appeared to be abandoned (boarded windows, etc.) and it had a cemetery adjacent to the building, which we thought was odd. Detention in that school is rough!! There was a nice brick structure over the road that was a very unique feature. However, as we drove down School Street toward the school, we passed a building with a smoke stack (apparently a maintenance building), with a large blue dumpster right on the side of the road. That is one of the main things that you see as you approach this beautiful, historic building and brick overpass. The dumpsters really should be moved to another location and screened. Honestly, this building is a jewel and should be renovated and reused when funding is available. It would be a shame to lose a beautiful building like that. Clarksdale, Mississippi First Impressions ~ June 2008 We also saw the Heidelberg school which had very modern, almost art deco-style architecture and a very interesting logo. The grounds were fairly Faith/Religion well-maintained and the size and condition of the school building was pretty typical of many schools in the area. The high school appeared to be a newly constructed facility adjacent to the fairgrounds. The school was well-maintained and appeared to be a nice facility. We also saw the Carl Keen VoTech center, which was a fairly wellmaintained facility. A vo-tech center located in the community is a real asset. The Coahoma County Higher Education Center (CCHEC), which is located on the grounds of the historic Cutrer Mansion, is renovating and expanding its facility. The CCHEC apparently is a cooperative effort between Coahoma County Community College and Delta State University to create a “2+2” program for students. The facility is nice, but we really do not understand why it is located in and adjacent to the mansion. The new brick education center facilities really distract from the historic quality of the mansion. There seem to be conflicting interests and uses there. The Coahoma County Community College (CCCC) campus is located on the outskirts of town. The CCCC facility is really nice and fairly large. The community college is a real asset to the city of Clarksdale. The city and CCCC should work together in an effort to create jobs and training opportunities in order to provide employment opportunities to the local students and residents. Comment on the number of denominations and the physical appearances of the churches represented in the community. Did you observe any evidence of church-sponsored community services? There appeared to be a sufficient mixture of denominations within the community. At first, we were unable to locate any churches, but we found that several were grouped together within a very nice area of the community. We noticed Baptist, Catholic and Methodist denominations. The sizes of these churches were very large and well-kept. The churches were not shown on the Clarksdale map that was given to us at the chamber of commerce. Perhaps the churches should be added to the next addition of the map as a “church walk” or some other type of tourist attraction. They were beautiful, historic buildings. Are there any facilities or statements that some would view as intrusive or that would make someone feel uncomfortable if they were not of a particular faith? None were apparent. Clarksdale, Mississippi First Impressions ~ June 2008 Civic Tell about the variety of nonprofit organizations and clubs within the community. Did you observe any evidence of civic organization activity? We observed the Boys and Girls Club, but it looked deserted. There was also Riverside Recreation Center that looked abandoned. We walked by the Clarksdale Woman’s Club. A team member remembered seeing a sign at the park that had the American Legion seal on it, but the sign was overgrown with vines. Another team member said, “I did see a sign advertising a community clean-up day. That shows that Clarksdale is an active community that is proud of the city.” Clarksdale, Mississippi First Impressions ~ June 2008 Residents In what ways did you find (or not find) people helpful? How did the people talk about their community? What were their attitudes about their schools, public leaders and community services? Most residents were extremely helpful and friendly. They seemed to have a positive attitude about their community and the direction it was heading. We sensed that they knew they had a great deal of work ahead of them, but were willing to put in the effort and time to ensure success. What is your opinion on the knowledge of community members about their community? They appeared very hopeful and very interested in seeing the town grow and improve. Are there some segments of the general population that would not feel comfortable in this community? Did residents reflect the diversity that is represented in the rest of the country? We observed many residents of different races and socio-economic classes. None felt that any particular group would feel uncomfortable in this community. Clarksdale, Mississippi First Impressions ~ June 2008 Public infrastructure Comment in general on the streets, street signage, sidewalks, parking, lighting, restrooms, landscaping, and streetscapes in areas other than downtown. The sidewalks and streetscape in the older areas of town were very dated and in disrepair. The streets were in fairly decent condition. The newer development had recently updated streets, but no sidewalks or street trees. Sidewalks should become mandatory with all new development in order to improve connectivity throughout the city. Did you observe land-use planning? It did appear that zoning was in place. Codes and ordinances should be added to control and guide future development throughout the city. Comment on city/town hall (How were you received? Was there information about the town available?): We did see city hall. We did not go in, but we were able to get information about the town from the tourism commission. Comment on police/fire protection: The police station looked fairly new, and people were coming in and out of the station. The police station was downtown on the river and the prisoners were working around the station cleaning up trash, etc. We could see the trustees from across the river. The fire station was near the police station. Clarksdale, Mississippi First Impressions ~ June 2008 Quality of the library: The library is located downtown, which is definitely a positive. This brings people to your downtown. The older section of the building was Recreation/Tourism beautiful and unique. The library appeared to be in good condition and heavily used. It is a very positive element in the downtown. City parks (walking tracks, ballparks, playgrounds, sportsplex): We did not observe a great number of parks or playgrounds. The city maps did not indicate that we missed any. I know there is a sportsplex, but I am not aware of another city park. We all agreed that the city is missing a major opportunity to develop a riverside park along the Big Sunflower River. That is a huge asset to the community which is not being used. Many cities would love to have a river like that flowing right through the downtown. There appeared to have been some sort of park development along the east bank, but the signage and entry was extremely poor. We circled the area multiple times just to find the entrance and did not see any directional signage. The grass needed to be cut. There were broken benches. No one was playing at the park. This is a beautiful area of town and could be a Is the community well-known for any particular attraction or event? Do they have a community slogan that capitalizes on that asset? Obviously the Delta is well known for the blues and that region is beginning to capitalize on that with the Blues Trail. Clarksdale is one of the major hubs for that tourist activity because of its historical significance. The city has taken steps to enhance the tourism aspect of the city, but still has a lot of work. The Delta Blues Museum, the renovated Greyhound bus station/visitor’s center, and Ground Zero, are excellent tourist attractions and are great for the downtown area, but Clarksdale is lacking other attractions for visitors. The blues clubs are great, but they are primarily a night time attraction. What is there for a visitor to do during the day? The real tourist attraction and amenity for the residents. Columbus has a good example of a riverside park and I am sure that there are other examples within the state. This would be a good community project. Clarksdale, Mississippi First Impressions ~ June 2008 few art galleries and museums are nice, but there really is no shopping and limited dining in the downtown area. Also, hotel accommodations are very limited. Some of the unique options such as the Shack Up Inn, Ground Zero apartments, and other bed and breakfast-type places are great, but more traditional options are needed. The renovation of the old hotel on Yazoo Street would solve that problem and potentially create a spark in that area. Visitors interested in the blues history could stay downtown and walk to all of the attractions. The hotel would add energy, activity and people to the downtown that would support new businesses and restaurants. Did you see any indication of significant events taking place in the community that would be of interest to both visitors and residents? There are numerous blues and arts festivals in Clarksdale, such as the Sunflower River Blues and Gospel Festival, the Mini Blues Festival, Pinetop Perkins Day, the Mississippi Delta Tennessee Williams Festival, and the Delta Jubilee. Clarksdale, Mississippi First Impressions ~ June 2008 Please elaborate on any significant natural or manmade features that have the potential of drawing people to the community? •The Hopson Plantation •The Big Sunflower River •Tennessee Williams’ home •The Sugar Shacks •Ground Zero •The Walk of Fame •The Blues Museum •The Crossroads This town is like a gold mine for tourism that needs to bloom! Is there an obvious visitor’s center, chamber of commerce office, main street office, or other facility that serves the needs of visitors? Please comment on the staff, facilities, signage, visibility, etc. The chamber of commerce office is on the south end of the city on Highway 49. The staff was very friendly and helpful. Staff members provided a great first impression of the city. We question the location of the chamber office on the outskirts of town, as opposed to being located downtown, possibly in the visitor’s center. The visitor’s center is located downtown in a renovated Greyhound bus station. The building is beautiful, but we were there at about 1 p.m. on a Thursday and it was not open. We were very confused about that. Are there any restaurants, specialty shops or attractions that would bring you back to this community in the near future? •Ground Zero, Madidi •Miss Dell’s General Store (Wardell’s Nuts) •The Dutch Oven •Hopson’s •The record shop Clarksdale, Mississippi First Impressions ~ June 2008 Using Your Senses Describe any community smells or sounds that were unique, interesting, memorable or offensive. •Old smells in buildings •Buildings smelled like an old house •Relaxing blues music First Impressions ~ June 2008 Wrap-up What are the most positive things that you observed about the community? •Blues heritage—Your niche is already there. You just have to figure out a way to fully capitalize on it. •Great infrastructure in the downtown area—great opportunities for infill •Historic building stock downtown—numerous historic sites •Clarksdale is already a tourist destination. Many towns are trying to identify methods of bringing people to their town. You already have them. •Positive attitude in the city. Everyone recognized the need for change and seemed to support that. •Nice residential areas •Progressive minds First Impressions ~ June 2008 What are the biggest obstacles/challenges facing this community? •Controlling the existing and future strip development so that it does not continue to spread and take away from the downtown •Getting the city officials, residents, merchants, and investors to agree on a vision for the town and move toward making it happen The First Impressions program has been used successfully to assist communities in several states following its creation by Andy Lewis, University of Wisconsin Extension Service, and James Schneider, director of economic development in Grant County, Wisconsin. •Embracing an economy based on tourism rather than agriculture •Setting yourself apart from the other Delta communities •Lack of landscaping in the downtown area •Poor school districts and rapid suburbanization/segregation—Historically, development (commercial and residential) was built centered around the downtown, but now all new development follows the suburbs model which has all of the housing in one area and all of the commercial in another. This segregates the housing from the commercial and each neighborhood segregates based on income (home prices). •Creating employment opportunities for residents first IMPRESSIONS MISSISSIPPI STATE COMMUNITY ACTION TEAM If your community is interested in participating in the First Impressions program, please contact us for further information: Dr. Virgil Culver, Director What will you remember most about this community six months from now (positive or negative)? Mississippi State Community Action Team (MSCAT) Mississippi State University •Take down the snowflakes! P.O. Box 6215 •Learning about blues history Mississippi State, MS 39762 •The crossroads—Robert Johnson—the connection among the Delta, New Orleans, Memphis, and Chicago •So much potential for growth, development and tourism Phone: 662-325-6703 E-mail: [email protected] www.mscat.msstate.edu This project is funded by a grant from the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA). SBA’s funding should not be construed as an endorsement of any products, opinions or services. All SBA-funded projects are extended to the public on a nondiscriminatory basis. Clarksdale, Mississippi First Impressions ~ June 2008 first IMPRESSIONS MISSISSIPPI STATE COMMUNITY ACTION TEAM Discrimination based upon race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, or veteran’s status is a violation of federal and state law and MSU policy and will not be tolerated. Discrimination based upon sexual orientation or group affiliation is a violation of MSU policy and will not be tolerated.
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