DIAGNOSTIC OF ECO-EFFICIENCY AT THE HOTEL ARBOL DE

Transcription

CASE STUDY:
DIAGNOSTIC OF ECO-EFFICIENCY AT THE HOTEL ARBOL DE FUEGO, EL SALVADOR
Calle Circunvalación No. 208, Col. San Benito, San Salvador, El Salvador
Tel.: (503) 2243-0438/9
I A G N O S T I C O F E C O - E F F I C I E N C Y AT T H E
CASE STUDY: D
H O T E L A R B O L D E F U E G O , E L S A LVA D O R
October 2010
This document is made possible by the support of the American People through the United States Agency for
International Development (USAID). The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of Chemonics
International Inc. and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government.
D I A G N O S T I C O F E C O - E F F I C I E N C Y AT T H E H O T E L A R B O L D E F U E G O , E L S A LV A D O R
Hotel Arbol de Fuego is a hotel situated in San
Salvador, El Salvador. Our philosophy is to be a
tranquil hotel with green gardens and a tropical
atmosphere. We are a resting place in the city and
we respect the environment. We have 16 rooms
that represent Salvadoran culture and tropical
gardens that provide tranquility for our guests.
Despite our commitment to the environment, in
2008 we had an increase in energy consumption
that created a large expense for us. This expense
was worrisome for us because the business was no
longer economically sustainable. We wanted to
continue to save electricity and water but we did
not have the technical assistance to tell us how to
achieve this. We were in a difficult situation.
At the end of 2009 we had the opportunity to access
the USAID Environment and Labor Excellence for
CAFTA-DR Program through the Asociación de
Pequeños Hoteles de El Salvador (Association of
Small Hotels of El Salvador). We were assigned a
consultant to conduct a diagnostic of our hotel. The
consultant gave us many recommendations and
tools on how to save water and energy and lower
our costs.
Having the tools in hand, we made a serious
commitment to change. We replaced incandescent
light bulbs with compact fluorescents light bulbs
and LEDs, we built a protective roof for the air
conditioning condensers, developed a registry to
monitor energy and water consumption, and
installed a solar thermal system to heat water for
the rooms.
With these and other measures that were
implemented, the results have been impressive. In
just nine months, we have managed to reduce our
electrical energy consumption by 38% and our
electric bills by almost 60%. However, there is still
more we can do, and we are working on improving
further.
Our work continues. We are committed to continue
monitoring our consumption and to continue
working for the environment. Through the constant
training of our employees and the education of our
clients we will be able to reduce our environmental
impact. Definitely improving the efficiency of how
we use our resources works. We are very grateful
to have participated in this project.
- Carolina Baiza
Marketing Manager
(Translated from the original in Spanish.)
D I A G N O S T I C O F E C O - E F F I C I E N C Y AT T H E H O T E L A R B O L D E F U E G O , E L S A LVA D O R
C O N T E N T
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Background ........................................................................................................................................................................... 1
Description of the hotel.......................................................................................................................................................... 1
Description of the work carried out........................................................................................................................................ 1
Impact of the measures of eco-efficiency on the perormance of the hotel........................................................................... 9
Calculations ............................................................................................................................................................................ 11
List of Tables and Figures
Figure 1: Monitor of electrical energy use at Hotel Arbol de Fuego during 2010.
Figure 2: Index of electrical energy consumption by the hotel in 2009 and 2010.
Figure 3: Maximum power demand of the hotel in 2009 and 2010.
Figure 4: Specific cost of supply of electrical energy to the hotel in 2009 and 2010.
Figure 5: Estimated expenditure for supply of electrical energy to the hotel.
The Hotel Arbol de Fuego operates under a philosophy of deep respect
for the environment and has adopted a wide range of good practices
that allow them to minimize the environmental impact
of their operations.
1. Background
The project "Rapid diagnostic of eco-efficiency in the hotel sector"
was developed within the framework of the USAID
Environment and Labor Excellence for CAFTA-DR
Program, to support the fulfillment of the
environmental and labor obligations included in
the Free Trade Agreement signed between the
countries of Central America and the
Dominican Republic with the United States.
The objective of this project is to provide
technical assistance to small and medium
hotels in the region to improve the efficiency
with which they use energy, water, materials
and other resources in their operations in
order to reduce their environmental impact
and operating costs.
3. Description of the work carried out
In October 2009 a group of project consultants
conducted a half-day diagnostic at the Hotel
Arbol de Fuego to identify opportunities to
improve the use of resources, reduce
operating costs, as well as reduce their
environmental impact. The consultants
presented their recommendations in a
technical report and subsequently helped the
hotel to evaluate and plan the implementation
of identified improvements.
2. Description of the hotel
Hotel Arbol de Fuego was able to implement
18 of the 20 recommendations made by the
consultants in less than nine months after the
diagnostic.
Some of the measures that have been implemented by
the hotel are presented below.
The Hotel Arbol de Fuego is located in Colonia
La Sultana in the city of San Salvador, in the
Republic of El Salvador.
It has 16 rooms and offers its guests a wide range of
amenities such as air conditioning, private bathrooms with
hot water, wireless internet, breakfast service and a lovely, tranquil
tropical garden.
1
3.1 Reduce the amount of water
consumption in showers that
generate a flow volume of over 10
liters per minute
Initial situation
The showers installed in the rooms were
inefficient and generated flow volume rates of
up to 25 liters per minute, or two and a half
times the maximum recommended flow volume
of 10 liters per minute.
These high flow volumes wasted not only water,
but also the energy used by the electric heaters
that heated the water for the showers.
3.2 Reduce the flow volume of the
inefficient bathroom faucets
Improvement
The hotel equipped the showers with flow
restrictors purchased at a local hardware store
which limit the maximum flow volume to
approximately 8 liters per minute.
It is estimated that installing a flow restrictor to
reduce the flow volume of an inefficient hotel
shower is able to save 570 liters of water and 2
kWh of electricity per hour of use of the shower.
Considering the cost of water (USD$ 1.22 / m )
and the electrical energy consumed by the hotel
(USD$ 0.14 / kWh), this measure is able to cover
the cost of the flow restrictor (USD$ 4) in less
than four hours of use.
Initial situation
Many of the bathroom faucets in the rooms
were inefficient and generated flow
volumes well above the rate of 4 to 6 liters
per minute recommended for this type of
use.
Improvement
Hotel maintenance reduced the flow
volume generated by the inefficient faucets
to less than 6 liters per minute by partially
closing the angle valves that are installed
on the water supply pipes.
2
3.3 Reduce the amount of
pressure used to work the
pumps that provide water
to the hotel
3.4 Replace incandescent light bulbs that are installed in
the hotel by compact fluorescent light bulbs (CFLs)
Initial situation
Many of the hotel's lights were equipped with incandescent light bulbs,
which are highly inefficient and require approximately four times more
energy to produce the same amount of light than compact fluorescent
light bulbs (CFls).
Initial situation
The hotel has two pumps to ensure
its water supply when water pressure
from the ANDA water network drops.
At the time of the diagnostic, these
pumps were adjusted to maintain a
pressure of 30 to 50 psi and 40 to 60 psi in the two main areas of the
hotel. They automatically turned on when the water pressure from
the network fell below the net pressure on the pumps, i.e. to a
pressure of 30 or 40 psi depending on the area of the hotel.
Improvement
The hotel replaced approximately 60 of the incandescent light bulbs
that were installed in its rooms and corridors with CFLs.
This measure is extremely cost-effective since these CFLs will save
USD$3,300 in electrical energy over the course of their lifetime, which
corresponds to more than eight times the investment of USD$400 that
the hotel had to make to buy these lights bulbs.
Improvement
Since a relatively small building does not need to operate with very
high water pressure, the pressure switches of the pumps were adjusted
to make them work at a more moderate pressure range of 20 to 40
psi.
This adjustment achieved the following benefits:
Profitability of changing incandesant bulbs to
CFLs at the hotel
Investment
• Reduce the use of water of the shower heads and faucets in the
hotel when the pumps are in operation. It should be noted that
the higher the pressure in the water distribution system, the
higher the flow volume generated by the showers and faucets of
the hotel.
400
Return
3,300
1
• Take better advantage of the pressure delivered by ANDA, which
in turn reduces operating time and energy consumption of the
pumps.
3
2
3
(US$ thousands)
4
3.6 Improve the efficiency with which the air conditioning equipment
works
3.5 Use solar
heaters to
produce the hot
water that is
consumed in the
hotel
I n i t i a l s i t u at i o n
The water used in the bathrooms of the rooms
was heated by electric storage water heaters of
9.5 to 12 kW of power.
Given the high cost that the hotel pays for electrical
energy (USD$ 5.11 / kW month and USD$ 0.14 /
kWh), heating the water with this type of energy
source is an expensive solution.
Initial situation
The air conditioning equipment in the hotel had the following flaws that affected the
efficiency with which they operated.
• The mini-split condensers that are mounted on the roof did not have any protection
and were exposed to the sun throughout the day.
• The coolant pipes of some of the equipment did not have insulation.
• Several of the filters of the evaporators were partially covered with dust, which reduced
the flow of cold air generated by the evaporators and the rate at which they could
cool the rooms.
Improvement
The hotel implemented the following measures to improve the efficiency in the way
their air conditioning units worked.
• Installed a roof over the condensers to protect them from the sun and allow them
to operate more efficiently in a cooler environment.
• Isolated the coolant pipes which were exposed to avoid unnecessarily heating the
coolant.
• Increased the frequency with which maintenance personnel inspect and clean the
filter of the evaporators.
Improvement
The hotel installed a solar thermal system,
consisting of 12 collectors and a storage tank for
solar hot water equipped with a backup electric
heater of 4.5 kW, to feed hot water to its rooms
and laundry room.
In addition to reducing energy consumption and
the amount billed to the hotel, the solar thermal
system was able to reduce by 53 kW the power
installed in its electrical circuits.
4
3.8 Establish a voluntary program
to reuse towels
Initial situation
The hotel did not have a towel reuse
program and changed all bath and hand
towels that had been used in the rooms
daily.
3.7 Minimize the use of the electric clothes
dryer
Initial situation
The hotel dried all the towels that they washed in an
electric dryer because drying them in the sun left them
too coarse.
Improvement
The hotel has created a towel reuse
program, which invites guests who wish to
use their towels for more than one day.
To communicate this program to guests and
encourage their participation, the hotel
placed a beautifully framed explanatory sign
in the bathroom of each room, large towel
racks on which to easily hang towels, and
wicker baskets to collect the towels that
guests decide to change.
This practice was extremely expensive: given the cost
of electrical energy used by Hotel Arbol de Fuego, it is
estimated that drying 10kg of towels (dry weight) costs
approximately USD$1.20.
Improvement
Currently the hotel dries
all its towels on a
clothesline and softens
them by putting them
in the dryer using cold
air for about 10
minutes, an operation
that uses minimal
energy consumption.
Hotel management estimates that
approximately half of their guests participate
in the towel reuse program, which has
allowed them to reduce the amount of
towels that are washed daily in the laundry
by one to two loads.
5
3.9 Eliminate the use of disposable water bottles in the rooms
Initial situation
A 1/4 liter bottle of water was provided daily to each guest staying at the hotel.
Apart from increasing the amount of garbage produced by the hotel, this practice also
increased their expenses since the cost per unit of the 1/4 liter water bottles is five times
more than the cost of water in 19-liter returnable bottles.
Improvement
The hotel has created a monitoring program that allows
them to collect data on its use and consumption of water,
electrical energy and LPG, as well as calculate their monthly
indices of water and energy consumption (that is to say,
the amount of water and energy used by the hotel per
guest-night).
Figure 1: Monitor of electrical energy use at Hotel Arbol
de Fuego during 2010.
Jan 2010
259
746
Feb 2010
320
561
Mar 2010
585 1,346
Apr 2010
407
1989
May 2010 364
1630
Jun 2010
270
1235
Jul 2010
342
1034
Aug 2010
461
1473
Sep 2010
286
962
Oct 2010
Nov 2010
Dec 2010
TOTAL
3294 10,976
Average
366 1,220
1298
827
1792
1989
1630
1235
1473
1473
962
5.1
2.58
3.06
4.89
4.48
4.57
3.02
3.20
3.36
19
10
18
19
12
10
9
9
8
6
3
4
25
13
22
19
12
10
9
9
8
1,264
421
12,240
1,360
3.72
13
4
14
Some of the good practices Hotel Arbol de Fuego has developed and
implemented independent from the USAID eco-efficiency project are
summarized below.
• The hotel uses liquid soap and shampoo dispensers in the guest
bathrooms in order to avoid creating product and packaging waste
(sachets, bottles, remnants of soap bars).
• Uses a thermos instead of a coffee maker to keep warm coffee
to serve to their guests during the course of the day. This system
helps keep the coffee at the desired temperature for hours without
requiring an additional energy supply. It also improves the quality
of the coffee since it prevents evaporation of water, loss of important
flavor compounds, and prolonged contact with a heat source.
• Uses recycled paper at reception and in the office, as well as for all the hotel stationery.
The toilet paper bought is also made from recycled paper.
• Focuses their advertising activities on their website and does not produce brochures, which
represent an expenditure on paper, ink and energy.
• Does not use packaged food in individual portions in order to reduce garbage created.
Purchases the products needed in bulk and serves them in reusable dispensers.
• Uses rechargeable batteries in the television remote controls.
7
TOTAL (kW)
552
266
446
6
3.11 Apply other good practices to save water, energy,
chemical products and materials, as well as to reduce
the environmental impact of the operations of the
hotel
Secondary meter
Principal meter
Specific
consumption
(kWh/GN)
TOTAL (kWh)
Secondary meter
(kWh)
Principal meter
(kWh)
Initial situation
The hotel did not have any system with which to monitor
their water and electricity consumption, and to evaluate
how the efficiency with which these resources were used
in their operations varied from month to month.
Month
Total occupation
(guest/night)l
3.10 Monitor water and electricity consumption
at the hotel
Figure. 1
Improvement
The hotel has eliminated the use of disposable water bottles and currently uses glass pitchers
to provide purified water for the rooms. Thanks to this measure, it is estimated that the
hotel will avoid sending more than 4,500 plastic bottles to a garbage dump annually.
• Uses individual placemats instead of fabric tablecloths on the
dining tables to reduce the amount of dirty clothes sent daily to
the laundry, as well as its consumption of water, detergent, and
energy.
• Waters their garden at dusk to reduce water loss through
evaporation.
• Does not use bleach but environmentally friendly disinfectants
and detergents. This allows them to reduce the amount of
pollutants created, as well as to take better care of the health of
the employees that handle these products daily.
• Uses trees and vines to shade the walls of the hotel and cool the
atmosphere, which reduces the amount of heat coming into the
rooms and the energy consumption of the air conditioners.
• Trains their staff on issues of environmental protection and efficient
use of resources through videos and lectures.
• Separates garbage created in order to facilitate recycling.
• Composts its garden waste and uses the compost produced
together with earthworm humus to fertilize their gardens.
• Belongs to and is the headquarters of the meetings of la Asociación
Herencia Natural (the Natural Heritage Association), which oversees
the care of parrots that roost in the area as well as the protection
of the environment.
8
As an example we present the following two figures which clearly
show how the improvements implemented by the hotel since the
beginning of 2010 have managed to significantly reduce their
consumption of electrical energy and maximum power demand.
Indeed, comparison of data from the first nine months of 2009 and
2010 reveals that the average use of energy by the hotel per guestnight fell by 38% (from 6.03 to 3.72 kWh /GN) at the same time
their maximum demand fell by 42% (24 to 14 kW).
4. Impact of the measures of eco-efficiency on the
performance of the hotel
The adoption of good practices of eco-efficiency has had a strong
impact on the efficiency with which Hotel Arbol de Fuego uses its
resources in their facilities and operations.
Fig. 2. Index of electrical energy consumption (in kWh
per guest-night) by the hotel in 2009 and 2010.
2009
40
2010
8
35
7
30
Demanda Máxima kW
kWh po huésped-noche
9
Fig. 3. Maximum power demand (in kW) by the
hotel in 2009 and 2010.
6
5
4
3
2009
2010
25
20
15
10
2
5
1
0
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Jan
Dec
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
* The hotel received the report of recommendations prepared by the consultants in December 2009, and began to implement most of the efficiency measures in
January 2010. Only the solar heater installation was completed in late July 2010.
9
This significant reduction in energy consumption and power demand,
along with a change of electricity rates that the hotel achieved
following their participation in an energy efficiency project organized
by the NGO BUN-CA, has managed to significantly reduce amounts
billed by the company that supplies electricity.*1 As shown in the
figure below, the hotel expenditure on electrical energy per guestnight has declined dramatically since February 2010, achieving a
total reduction of 59% (from USD$ 2.39 to USD$ 0.99 per guestnight) between 2009 and 2010.
Based on occupation projected for the hotel in 2010, it is estimated
that Hotel Arbol de Fuego will be able to reduce its total expenditure
on electrical energy by USD$6,900 per year, which corresponds to
savings of USD$430 per room per year.
Figure 5: Estimated expenditure for the supply
of electrical energy to the hotel for the year
Figure 4: Specific cost of supply of electrical energy (in USD$
per guest-night) for the hotel in 2009 and 2010.
4.0
2009
USD$ Per Guest-Night
3.5
Estimated Expenditure in Electrical Energy
(USD$/year)
14,000
2010
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1
0.5
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Ago
Sept
Oct
Nov
12,000
11,850
10,000
8,000
4,910
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
Dec
With out improvements
(Based on 2009 yield)
It is also worthwhile to note that there is no doubt that the good
practices adopted by Hotel Arbol de Fuego have also had a considerable
impact on other performance indicators of the hotel, such as the use
With improvements
(Based on 2010 yield)
of water and the amount of garbage generated by guest-night.
Unfortunately, it has not been possible to quantify these improvements
in performance due to the lack of historical data. **2
*1 The rate change took place in February 2010.
**2 For example, one of the two meters that measure the water consumption of the hotel has been damaged for several months and has not yet been replaced by the
water company.
10
5. Calculations
b) Recovery time of the investment
Reduce the amount of water used in showers that generated a flow
volume of over 10 L/min
• Data and assumptions
- Cost of a flow controller
= US$ 4
a) Calculation of water and electrical energy savings achieved per hour
of shower operation
Recovery time
= (US$ 4) / (US$ 1.12 /h)
= 3.6 hours
Replace incandescent light bulbs that are installed in the hotel by
compact fluorescent light bulbs
- Maximum flow volume of inefficient shower = 20 L/min
- Maximum flow volume of the shower with flow restrictor = 8 L/min
- It is estimated that on average the shower generates 80% of its
maximum flow volume
- It is assumed that when operating with high and low flow volume
an electric shower consumes 6 kW and 3 kW of power respectively
- Cost of water used by the hotel = USD$ 1.22 / m
- Cost of electrical energy used by the hotel = USD$ 0.14 /kWh
Water savings
= 80% x (20 - 8) L / min x 60 min / h
= 576 L / hour of operation
a) Calculation of electrical energy savings achieved by replacing
incandescent light bulbs in the hotel to CFLs
• Datos y suposiciones
- The hotel replaced:
• 16 60W incandescent light bulbs for 9W CFLs and 16 25W
incandescent light bulbs for 7W CFLs in the rooms, and
• 25 60W incandescent light bulbs for 12W CFLs in the hallways.
- The CFLs have a lifespan of 8,000 hours.
Energy savings
= (6 kW - 3 kW) per hour of operation
= 3 kWh/ hour of operation
- The following calculations assume conservatively that due to the
average use of CFLs installed in the hotel, these will be changed
after 4 years of service.
Economic savings
= (0.576 m /h x USD$ 1.22 /m ) + (3 kWh/h x USD$ 0.14/kWh)
= USD$ 0.70 /h + USD$ 0.42 /h
= USD$ 1.12 /per hour of operation
- To calculate demand savings, it is assumed that:
• the light bulbs installed in the rooms contribute 75% of their
Wattage rating towards the maximum power demand of the
hotel; and
• the light bulbs installed in the corridors contribute 100% of their
Wattage rating towards the maximum power demand of the
hotel.
11
-
Cost of electrical energy used at the hotel = USD$ 0.14 /kWh
-
Cost of power demanded by the hotel = U.S. $ 5.11 /kWmonth
Savings on inc. light bulb replacement
= (57 x 8.000 h) / (1,000 h / light bulb)
= 456 light bulbs
Energy Savings
= [16 x (60W - 9W) + 16 x (25W - 7W) + 25 x (60W - 12W)] x 8,000h
= (816 + 288 + 1,200) x 8,000 h
= 18,430 kWh
Economic savings
= 456 x USD$ 0.5 /light bulb
=USD$ 228
Savings in demand
= 75% x 16 x (60W-9W) + 75% x 16 x (25W-7W) + 25 x (60W-12W)
= 0.61 kW + 0.22 kW + 1.2 kW
= 2.03 kW
c) Calculation of the total economic savings and return on investment
- Cost of a CFL = USD$ 7
- Number of CFLs installed in the hotel = 57
Economic savings
= (18,430 kWh x US$ 0.14 /kWh)
+ (2.03 kW x US$ 5.11 /kW.month) x (12 month/year x 4 years)
= USD$ 2,580 + USD$ 498
= USD$ 3,078 /year
Investment
= (USD$ 7 / light bulb) x (57 light bulbs)
= USD$ 399
Total economic savings = USD$ 3,078 + USD$ 228
= USD$ 3,306
Return on investment
b) Estimated savings with replacement bulbs
= (US$ 3,306 - US$ 399) / (US$ 399)
= 729%
-
Cost of an incandescent light bulb = USD$ 0.50
Lifespan of an incandescent light bulb = 1,000 hours
Number of CFLs installed in the hotel = 57
12
Hotel Arbol de Fuego
Address: Av. Antiguo Cuscatlán 11-C, Col. La Sultana. San Salvador, El Salvador C.A.
Tel: (503) 2275-7065
Fax: (503) 2243-3016
Web Site: www.arboldefuego.com
Email: [email protected]
Facebook: Hotel Arbol de Fuego
Contact: Carolina Baiza y Vilma Cortez
13

DIAGNOSTIC OF ECO-EFFICIENCY AT THE HOTEL ARBOL DE

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