The case for and activities on hydrogen powered fuel cell vehicles

Transcription

The case for and activities on hydrogen powered
fuel cell vehicles
Jörg Wind, Daimler AG, Strategic energy projects and market development BEV / FCEV
Symposium Water electrolysis and hydrogen as part of the future Renewable Energy
System,
10.05.2012
P.
FroeschleKopenhagen,
/ Daimler AG
1
Why do we need sustainable mobility
- Global influencing factors for the future mobility Growing World Population
& Industrialization
Sustainable mobility
Local emissions
CO2 regulations
Mega Cities /
surroundings
Dr. J. Wind / Daimler AG / 10.05.2012
Resource independency
2
Drive Portfolio for the Mobility of Tomorrow
Long Distance
E 250 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY
Efficient Combustion Engine
Hybrid Drive
S 400 HYBRID
S 500 Plug-in HYBRID
smart fortwo electric drive
Plug-In Hybrid
Electric Vehicle with Battery
Electric Vehicle wit Fuel Cell
B-Class F-CELL
Combustion drive
City Traffic
Interurban
Emission free mobility
3
Worldwide Fleet Operation with Daimler’s Fuel Cell
Electric Vehicles
•
New fleet operations will start in Germany, Europe, USA and Japan from 2010
•
Operation of 200 Mercedes-Benz B-Class F-CELL, 30 Citaro FuelCELL Hybrid
Busses and 3 Mercedes-Benz Sprinter
•
All fleet operations / demonstrations have to be recognized as first steps to a later
commercialization
B-Class F-CELL
Citaro FuelCELL Hybrid
HySys Sprinter
Daimler has the target to commercialize fuel cell electric vehicles in the foreseeable future
4
History of Daimler’s Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles
Almost 20 years experience with FCEVs
Concepts and Feasibility Studies
Methanol
Fit for daily use/ Fleet tests
Small Series
Necar 5
Necar 3
Passenger Cars
Necar 2
1994
1995
Necar 1
1996
Necar 4
1997
Series
1998
Nebus
1999
A-Class F-Cell
2000
2001
Fuel Cell Sprinter
2002
2003
Fuel Cell Citaro
2004
F600
2005
Fuel Cell
Sprinter
Transporter
B-class F-Cell
A-Class FCell
Advanced
2006
2007
Next Gen
FCEVs
2008
Citaro FuelCELL-Hybrid
2009
2010
2014/15
Fuel Cell
Sprinter
5
Daimler’s Fuel Cell Technology Roadmap
Passenger Cars
Bus
Generation 1

Lead Application
2004
Technology Demonstration
Citaro Fuel Cell
Citaro FuelCELL Hybrid
2010


Generation 1
A-Class F-Cell
Generation 2
Generation 2
Customer Acceptance
Generation 1
Sprinter

Customer Acceptance
B-Class F-CELL
Generation 2
Customer Acceptance
Generation 3
Future Generations
Cost Reduction I
Series Production
Future Generations
Generation 4
Market Introduction
Cost Reduction II
Generation 5
Mass Production
Daimler is dedicated to commercialize electric vehicles with fuel cell
6
The Current Generation of Fuel Cell Vehicles –
“Driving the Future” becomes Reality
Technical Data
Vehicle Mercedes-Benz B-Class
Fuel Cell
PEM, 90 kW (122 hp)
System
Engine
Output (Cont./ Peak) 70kW / 100kW (136 hp)
Max. Torque: 290 Nm
Fuel Compressed hydrogen (70 MPa)
Range 380 km (NEDC)
Top Speed 170 km/h
Li-Ion Battery
Output (Cont./ Peak): 24 kW / 30 kW (40 hp)
Capacity: 6.8 Ah, 1.4 kWh
• Freeze Start capability
• Emissions-free (CO2)
• Short refueling time and high range
• Silent operation
7
Progress Fuel Cell Technology - Next Generation
FCEVs
Next generation of the
fuel cell power train:
• Higher stack lifetime
(>2000h)
• Increased power
• Higher reliability
• Freeze start capability
• Li-Ion Battery
A-Class F-Cell
Range
+135%
B-Class F-Cell
Consumption
- 16%
Technical Data
Technical Data
Engine
Fuel
Range
Top Speed
Battery
Fuel Cell
System
Engine Output (Continuous /
Peak):
45 kW / 65 kW (87hp)
Max. Torque: 210 Nm
Hydrogen (35 MPa / 5,000 psi)
[l/100km
PEM, 72 kW (97 hp)
Engine
Size
- 40%
Power
+30%
105 miles (170 km / NEDC)
NiMh, Output (Continuous / Peak):
15 kW / 20 kW (27hp);
Capacity: 6 Ah, 1.2 kWh
Fuel
Range
88 mph (140 km/h)
Top Speed
[kW]
Fuel Cell
System
Vehicle Type
Mercedes-Benz A-Class (Long)
[km]
Vehicle Type
Battery
Mercedes-Benz B-Class
PEM, 90 kW (122 hp)
IPT Engine Output
(Continuous/ Peak) 70kW /
100kW (136hp)
Max. Torque: 290 Nm
Compressed Hydrogen (70
MPa / 10,000 psi)
380 km (NEDC)
106 mph (170 km/h)
Li-Ion, Output (Continuous/
Peak): 24 kW / 30 kW (40hp);
Capacity 6.8 Ah, 1.4 kWh
8
Mercedes-Benz F-CELL World Drive 2011
•
•
•
•
125 days
14 countries
3 B-Class F-CELL
approx 30,000 km per vehicle
9
FCEV Market Overview
Coupé
Compact Class
Ford Focus FCV Hybrid
Honda FCX Clarity
Compact MPV*
SUV
Hyundai Tucson FCEV
Kia Borrego FCEV
GM Equinox Fuel Cell
Nissan X-Trail FCV
Toyota FCHV
VW Tiguan HyMotion
MB B-Class F-CELL
City Car
Fiat Panda Hydrogen
Renault Scenic ZEV H2
Many of the biggest and most important automobile manufacturers are committed to
develop and commercialize fuel cell electric vehicles
* MPV = Multi-purpose vehicle
10
The Future of Electric Vehicles with Fuel Cell
 The Mercedes-Benz Research Vehicle F 125!
shows the potential of the fuel cell technology
 Due to further modularization, packaging of future
electric vehicles with fuel cell will be simplified
 The fuel-cell system can be placed in fully below
the front hood
 1,000 km emission-free driving
 Future generation hydrogen storage- and battery
technology
Packaging Concept
Li-Ion Battery
Electric engine
Fuel cell
Hydrogen tank
The current generation
The future generation
11
The Citaro FuelCELL-Hybrid is the next Generation of
Fuel Cell Bus
2 Fuel Cell Systems also
used in B-Class F-CELL
Next Generation Fuel Cell
Hybrid Bus Power Train




Energy retrieving through
hybridization (recuperation)
Higher efficiency
Passenger comfort through noise
reduction and steady acceleration
Optimum availability – improved
Higher lifetime
BZ-Bus (CUTE)
Range
+25%
Technical Data
250 kW
Durability (FC)
4 years
Hydrogen Storage
Range
HV-Battery
Efficiency FC-System
H2-Consumption
205 kW, for < 15-20 sec
40 – 42 kg Hydrogen (350 bar)
Durability
+50%
180 - 220 km
--
Drive power
Wirkungsgrad (FC)
Hydrogen Storage
Range
HV-Battery
43 - 38 %
20 – 24 kg / 100 km
Technical Data
Durability (FC)
+35%
Efficiency FC-System
[Jahre]
Drive power
- 45%
Citaro FuelCELL-Hybrid
Power FC-System
[km]
Power FC-System
Consumption
[l/100km

H2-Consumption
120 kW (const.) / 140 kW (max.)
6 years
Output (const. / max.):
2 x 80 kW / 2 x 120 kW
35 kg Hydrogen (350 bar)
> 250 km
26,9 kWh, Output 250 kW
58 - 51 %
10 – 14 kg / 100 km
12
Fuel Cell Busses
Current Fuel Cell Bus Models
Van Hool A330 Fuel Cell
Mercedes-Benz Citaro FuelCELL-Hybrid
New Flyer H40LFR
Toyota-Hino FCHV Bus
Hyundai Fuel Cell Bus
• The fuel cell technology also reasonable applicable in buses
• No problems of space for the voluminous additional components (tank and battery system
can be stored on the roof of the bus)
• Operational profile of city buses suits very good for the application of the fuel cell technology
(low mileage, low average speed, …)
13
Cost Potentials of the Fuel Cell Technology
Fuel Cell Vehicle
Costs Power Train per Vehicle
Cost reduction
through technical
advances
Hybrid
Cost reduction
through technical advances
Cost reduction
through establishment of a
competitive supply industry
Cost reduction
through scale effects
Technology
Generation I
A-Class F-CELL
Technology
Generation II
B-Class F-CELL
Technology
Mass Market
Hybrid
 The costs for the fuel cell power train are currently much higher than those from conventional
drive systems. They can be reduced considerably through scale effects and technology advances.
 A reduction of the costs to the level of conventional drive trains is possible.
 Regarding the TCO1 comparable values to conventional drive systems are reachable.
1) Total Cost of Ownership
14
Development Process of Key Components Fuel Cell Power Train
AFCC
NuCellSys
Daimler
Daimler
Stack
System
Power Train
Vehicle
 The Automotive Fuel Cell Cooperation (AFCC) is a Joint-Venture between Daimler AG, Ford Motor
Company und Ballard Power Systems founded in 2007
 Nucellsys GmbH is a subsidiary of Daimler AG and has been founded in 2005
15
Variety of sources to produce hydrogen and electricity
tomorrow
 Wind
 Water
 Solar
H2
Electricity
1. Gen. Bio-Fuels
 Bio-Mass
(Ethanol from wheat, Biodiesel from Rape)
2.Gen. Bio-Fuels
(NExBTL, Synt. Diesel from Biomass )
Synthetic fuels (GTL)
 Natural Gas
sulphur-free, free of aromatic compounds
Natural Gas (CNG)
today
 Crude Oil
primary energy
sources for car fuels

Conventional fuels
sulphur-free, free of aromatic compounds
fuels
Potential to store the fluctuating energy and support the energy change in Germany
16
Technical Configuration of a Hydrogen Fueling Station
Status quo of hydrogen filling stations:
 Pre-cooling down to -40° Celsius
 Pressure of the hydrogen 350 and 700 bar
 Infrared data interface for communication vehicle <> filling station
 Standard: SAE J2601, SAE J2799
 Refueling time: approx. 3 minutes for the B-Class F-CELL (ca. 4 kg hydrogen)
 Unitized construction / scalable
17
Our Commitment: 20 H2-fuelling stations as a catalyst for
the market introduction of fuel cell technology
Key Facts
•
Approximate allocation
20 new H2 fuelling stations will be built from
2012 jointly by Daimler and Linde with support of
federal government
•
Fuelling stations primarily in „high-density“
regions (e.g. Baden-Württemberg), metropolis
and corridors
•
Germany as first country, which will get an areawide H2-infrastructure
Discussions with retail partners
and location agreements
2011
Green
= in operation / ongoing implementation
Grey
= Extension of existing hydrogen regions
20 H2-fuelling stations until 2014
2012
2013
2014
18
The way to an area-wide hydrogen infrastructure network
(Example Germany)
Chicken-Egg Dilemma
No vehicles without the infrastructure, no infrastructure
without vehicles
I
Clean Energy Partnership (2002-2016)
H2 and FC Demonstration project in following federal states: Berlin,
Hamburg, Hessen, Nordrhein-Westfalen and Baden-Württemberg
H2 Mobility (since 2009)
II
Initiative for build-up of nationwide H2-Infrastructure.
Development of a business plan and joint venture negotiations were
the first steps
III
20 new H2 fuelling stations are planned in Germany in a cooperation
with The Linde Group and Daimler AG. The first station will be built
in 2012
IV
Daimler/Linde Cooperation (2011-2014)
H2 Mobility Joint Venture (from 2012/13)
Transformation of H2 Mobility to a Joint Venture
19
Global Main Activities for the Build-up of H2-Infrastructure
Further activities expected in:
• Western Europe (Scandinavia)
• Asia (China)
• Hawaii
USA
Germany
Japan
H2filling station build-up
(public filling stations)
200
Optimistic Scenario
Optimistic Scenario
Pessimistic Scenario
65
24
12
16
2010
2011
35
2013
450
100
80
20
5
2010
250
13
18
28
80
15
22
2011
2013
40
14
2011
120
2015
 Build up filling station infrastructure depend on
CaFCP Action Plan, CARB + CEC calls.
 From 20,000 FC vehicles (in discussion 2,000
vehicles) the filling station operators will be
obliged by law to provide the necessary H2
infrastructure (CFO: Clean Fuels Outlet)
Optimistic Scenario
2010
2013
2015
2015
 Build-up of the filling station infrastructure
depends on the business plan within the scope
of H2-Mobility.
 Build-up of the hydrogen infrastructure
especially in the scope of the public funded
„Japan Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Project“ (JHFC)
20
Currently there is a significant momentum in several markets to
push for the commercialization of H2-infrastructure
•
Announcement by 13 companies (3 OEMs and 10 energy and infrastructure
providers) and the Ministry of Transport to commercialize FCEV
• Mass production of FCEV by 2015
• 100 HRS operational in 4 four metropolitan areas and connecting highways
planned
•
South Korea laid out "Green Car Roadmap" including action for EV, PHEV, HEV,
FCEV, and bio diesel
Plans to have 168 HRS and 98,800 FCEV deployed by 2020
Announced government support for EV of up to EUR 20,000 in rebates, tax
exemptions, and bonus/malus
Incentives for FCEV will be defined later but are expected to be comparable to EV
•
•
•
•
•
•
Hyundai-Kia Motors and key hydrogen stakeholders from the Nordic countries,
(Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Iceland) signed a MoU with the aim of collaboration
towards market deployment of zero emission hydrogen powered FCEVs
FCEV will be used to complement the Scandinavian Hydrogen Highway Partnership
(SHHP) fleet of 26 FCEV and to be increased to 46 in 2011
SHHP also plans to increase number of HRS from 7 to 15 by 2015
Source: Daimler + McKinsey
21
Thanks for your attention!
22
Key Components of the Fuel Cell Power Train *
Air module
with filter and
compressor
Cooling
module
E-motor with
transmission
H2 supply
stack
Fuel cell
stack
H2 pressure
tanks
Battery
PDU / PDB
Humidifier
for stack
* Packaging example based on the Mercedes-Benz B-Class F-CELL
23
Important Steps on the Way to a Commercialization of
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles started in September 2009
Commercialization FCEVs
Build-up H2-Infrastructure
Letter of Understanding
Memorandum of Understanding
„Commitment to the
development and market
introduction of Fuel Cell Electric
vehicles“
„H2-Mobility –
Major companies sign up to
hydrogen infrastructure built-up
plan in Germany“
It is essential to realize the commercialization of fuel cell electric vehicles and the build-up of
the hydrogen infrastructure at the same time and in the same dimension
24

The case for and activities on hydrogen powered fuel cell vehicles

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