Chemical Compliance - The Public Interest Network

Transcription

Chemical Compliance:
Testing for Toxics in Children’s Products
Chemical Compliance:
Testing for Toxics in Children’s Products
Brian Imus
Kate Lehman
October 2009
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to thank Jeff Gearhart at the Ecology Center, Elizabeth Hitchcock, Public
Health Advocate for the US Public Interest Research Group Education Fund, and STAT Analysis
Corporation for all their help in the extensive testing process.
The authors bear responsibility for any factual errors. The recommendations are those of Illinois
Education Fund. The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not
necessarily reflect the views of our funders or those who provided review.
© 2009 Illinois PIRG Education Fund
With public debate around important issues often dominated by special interests pursuing their
own narrow agendas, Illinois PIRG Education Fund offers an independent voice that works on
behalf of the public interest. Illinois PIRG Education Fund, a 501 (c) (3) organization, works to
protect consumers and promote good government. We investigate problems, craft solutions,
educate the public, and offer Americans meaningful opportunities for civic participation.
For more information about Illinois PIRG Education Fund or for additional copies of this report,
please visit www.illinoispirg.org.
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Chemical Compliance: Testing for Toxics in Children’s Products
Table of Contents
I. Introduction………………………………………………………………3-4
II. Toxic Chemical Threats Found in Children’s Products…………………5
a. Lead………………………………………………………...............5-6
b. Phthalates……………………………………………………….....7-9
c. Bromine and Cadmium…………………………………………......9
III.
Testing Results…………………………………………………………10
a. Testing Methodology…………………………………….................10
b. Testing
Results…………………………………………………………...10-11
IV.
Conclusion and Recommendations……………………………….12-14
V.
Endnotes………………………………………………………..…..15-16
VI.
Attachments
__________________________________________
I. Introduction
As their minds and bodies grow and develop, children are particularly vulnerable to chemicals
that could affect proper development. Because children have a natural tendency to touch and
mouth objects as a way of exploring the world around them, harmful chemicals can leach out of
these products and enter their bodies.
The recall of millions of lead tainted toys in 2007 brought this concern into sharp focus. More
than 45 million toys and other children‘s products were recalled from consumers‘ homes and
store shelves because of lead and other violations of safety standards. Specifically, the wave of
recalls focused attention on the agency charged with protecting Americans from unsafe
products—the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) — revealing that it had neither the
resources nor the authority to do its job effectively.
3
By passing the landmark Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (CPSIA) in August 2008,
Congress responded with the first major overhaul of the CPSC since it was established during the
Nixon Administration in 1972. In addition to expanding the agency‘s budget, Congress gave the
CPSC more authority to hold corporate wrongdoers accountable and speed recalls, moved
toward banning toxic lead and phthalates except in trace amounts and greatly improved import
surveillance.
Before passage of the CPSIA, the allowable level of lead paint on a child‘s product was 600 parts
per million (ppm). Effective August 2009, toys and children‘s products are prohibited from
having more than 90 ppm of lead in their surface paint, and prohibited from having more than
300 ppm of total lead content in the product itself. Over the next three years, the new law will
phase in new standards that will lower the allowable level of total lead in a product to 100 ppm
by 2011.
With the passage of the CPSIA, six types of phthalates were banned in concentrations of 0.1%
(1,000 ppm). Childcare products and children‘s toys containing the phthalates DEHP, DBP, and
BBP in concentrations higher than 0.1% per phthalate (1,000 ppm), and on childcare products
and children‘s toys that can be put in a child's mouth containing the phthalates DINP, DnOP, and
DIDP in concentrations higher than 0.1% per phthalate (1,000 ppm). The ban on DINP, DnOP
and DIDP is in effect pending a Chronic Hazard Advisory Panel‘s report on the health effects of
the chemicals.
However, lead and phthalates are not the only toxic chemical threats that can be found in
children‘s products. Cadmium, brominated flame retardants and Bisphenol-A all pose a threat to
the growth and development of children. Yet these chemicals and others are being used in toys,
baby bottles and other children‘s products
In an effort to monitor compliance with the new lead and phthalate standards and bring
awareness to other toxic threats, Illinois PIRG Education Fund purchased 87 toys and children‘s
products found on Illinois store shelves and tested these products for lead, bromine and other
toxic chemicals. For likely products that contained high levels of chlorine, we also tested for
phthalates. The children‘s products tested were purchased in September 2009, after the new
CPSIA lead standard of 300 ppm was implemented in August 2009.
Chemical Compliance: Testing for Toxics in Children’s Products provides a summary of our
testing as well as recommendations for regulators, policy makers and parents to improve the
safety of children‘s products.
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__________________________________________
II. Toxic Chemical Threats Found in
Children’s Products
Chemicals linked to cancer, developmental problems and reproductive disorders routinely show
up in our children‘s toys and products intended for children, even though safer alternatives are
available.
A growing body of scientific research suggests that because children‘s bodies are still
developing, exposure to toxic chemicals during childhood can have particularly harmful and
lasting effects on their health.
Examples of these threats include lead, a chemical whose hazards have long been known, and
more recently discovered health hazards like phthalates and bromine.
A. Lead
Health officials and children‘s health advocates have long sought to reduce children‘s daily
exposure to lead, which can impair mental and physical development. Lead-based paint is a
common and long-term concern that needs diligent and constant watch. After the major recalls in
2007-2008, the public has never been more aware of the possibility of lead in their children‘s
toys and more aware of the health concerns caused by the presence of lead.
The Dangers of Lead Exposure: Exposure to lead can affect almost every organ and system in
the human body, especially the central nervous system. Lead is especially toxic to the brains of
young children. A child exposed to a single high dose of lead—such as by swallowing a piece of
metal jewelry containing lead—can suffer permanent neurological and behavioral damage, blood
poisoning, and life-threatening encephalopathy. Exposure to low doses of lead can cause IQ
deficits, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and deficits in vocabulary, fine motor skills,
reaction time, and hand-eye coordination.1
Children are more vulnerable to lead exposure than adults, since young children often put their
hands and other objects in their mouths; their growing bodies absorb more lead; and children‘s
developing brains and nervous systems are more sensitive to the damaging effects of lead.
Scientists have not identified a ―safe‖ level of lead exposure for children.2
Research published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2003 showed that children can
lose IQ points with lead levels in their blood below the ―official‖ level of concern (10 µg/dL) as
defined by the Centers for Disease Control.3
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Violations Have Been a Problem in the Past: An interim CPSC enforcement policy did not
prevent jewelry with dangerous levels of lead from falling through the cracks. In March 2006,
CPSC recalled 300,000 Reebok heart-shaped charm bracelets. A four year-old child from
Minneapolis died in February 2007 of acute lead poisoning after he swallowed a piece from the
Reebok heart-shaped bracelets.4
During autopsy, doctors removed the Reebok charm from the boy‘s stomach and learned that it
contained 99% lead by weight.5
Since the February 2005 enforcement policy went into effect, CPSC has issued numerous
additional recalls and other actions affecting millions of pieces of jewelry. In May 2006, for
example, CPSC recalled 730,000 metal charms included as a free giveaway in certain Shirley
Temple movie DVDs.6
In 2007, CPSC issued innumerable recalls for excessive lead in paint on children‘s toys and other
products, including: 1.5 million Thomas the Tank Engine toys,7 967,000 Sesame Street, Dora the
Explorer,8 and 250,000 SpongeBob SquarePants toys9. Recalls for lead and lead paint continued
in 2008. Through November 5, the CPSC had announced 64 excessive lead recalls in 2008
totaling over 6.3 million units. Forty-seven recalls (47) were lead paint violations; 17 recalls
were children‘s jewelry or trinkets. Typical recalls included 67,000 Claire‘s necklaces, 57,000
Benjamin pendants, and 18,500 RR Donnelley miscellaneous learning toys. 10
In July 2009, CPSC fined 9 major companies more than $500,000 for recalls made in 2007-2008,
including Dollar General, Hobby Lobby, First Learning Company, and Michael‘s.11
New Lead Safety Standards: Regulations under the Consumer Product Safety Improvement
Act passed in 2008 banned paint containing lead in a concentration of greater than 600 parts per
million (0.06% by weight) with a phase out process beginning in 2009.12
The Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 banned lead in toys and children‘s
products on a phase-out schedule outlined below. After the effective dates, these products cannot
be manufactured or sold.
August 2008: CPSIA rules that the maximum allowable amount of lead in paint shall decrease from
600 ppm to 90 ppm over the next three years.
February 2009: Toys and children‘s products containing lead in excess of 600 parts per million
(ppm) become banned hazardous substances.
August 2009: Toys and children‘s products containing lead in excess of 300 parts per million
(ppm) become banned hazardous substances.
August 2011: Toys and children‘s products containing lead in excess of 100 parts per million
(ppm) become banned hazardous substances. This final limit may be altered by the CPSC if it is
determined to be technologically infeasible.
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B. Phthalates
Phthalates are a family of chemicals, including diethyl phthalate (DEP), diethylhexyl phthalate
(DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP),
diisononyl phthalate (DINP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP), and many other distinct types. The
polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic industry uses large amounts of phthalates as additives to
improve the flexibility of its products, including home siding, flooring, furniture, food
packaging, toys, clothing, car interiors, and medical equipment, including IV bags. In addition,
other manufacturers use phthalates in personal care products such as soap, shampoo, deodorant,
hand lotion, nail polish, cosmetics, and perfume, as well as industrial products like solvents,
lubricants, glue, paint, sealants, insecticides, detergent, and ink.13
Health Effects of Phthalates on the Human Body: Phthalates are pervasive in the environment
and in human bodies. In 2000, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) found high levels of
phthalates and their transformation products (known as metabolites) in every one of 289 adult
Americans tested, including women of childbearing age.14 A larger CDC study in 2003 again
found high levels of phthalates in almost every person tested.15
U.S. EPA studies show that the cumulative impact of different phthalates leads to an exponential
increase in associated harm. According to data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC), levels of phthalates found in humans are higher than levels shown to cause
adverse health effects. The data also show phthalate levels are highest in children. Numerous
scientists have documented the potential health effects of exposure to phthalates in the womb or
at crucial stages of development, including (but not limited to):
• Reproductive Defects. Scientists have demonstrated links between exposure to phthalates in the
womb with abnormal genital development in baby boys and disruption in sexual development.16
In October 2005, an independent panel of scientists convened by the National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences and the National Toxicology Program released its review of one
type of phthalate, diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). The panel confirmed that DEHP poses a risk
to reproductive and developmental health.17
• Premature Delivery. A study published in November 2003 suggests a link between exposure to
phthalates and pre-term birth. The scientists found phthalates and their breakdown products in
the blood of newborn infants, with higher levels leading to a higher incidence of premature
delivery.18
• Early Onset Puberty. One study of girls suggests that phthalates may be playing a role in trends
toward earlier sexual maturity.19 Scientists found that levels of DEHP were seven times higher in
girls with premature breast development than levels in normal girls. Early onset puberty has been
linked to breast cancer later in life.
• Lower Sperm Counts. In 2003, Drs. Susan Duty and Russ Hauser of the Harvard School of
Public Health published one of the first studies linking phthalate exposure with harm to human
7
reproductive health.20 Men who had monobutyl or monobenzyl phthalate in their urine tended to
have lower sperm counts, with the highest concentrations leading to the lowest sperm counts.
Sounding the Alarm on the Dangers of Phthalates: In 1998, the state PIRGs and several other
environmental and consumer groups petitioned the CPSC, asking the agency to ban polyvinyl
chloride (PVC) plastic in all toys intended for children under the age of five because of the
potential health hazards posed by diisononyl phthalates (DINP). The CPSC stated its position
that ―few if any children are at risk from the chemical.‖21 Regardless, in 1998, the body still
asked the toy and baby products industry to voluntarily remove DINP from soft rattles and
teethers.
About 90 percent of manufacturers indicated at that time that they had or would remove DINP
from soft rattles and teethers by early 1999. CPSC staff also asked the industry to find a
substitute for phthalates in other products intended for children under three years old that are
likely to be mouthed or chewed.22
The CPSC then convened a Chronic Hazard Advisory Panel to examine the existing scientific
data concerning the potential risks of phthalates to humans. In June 2001, the panel concluded
that while the majority of children would not be adversely affected by diisononyl phthalate,
―there may be a DINP risk for any young children who routinely mouth DINP-plasticized toys
for seventy-five minutes per day or more.‖23
Unfortunately, in February 2003, CPSC denied the state PIRGs‘ petition to ban PVC plastic in
toys for young children.24
However, other countries have taken action to protect children‘s health. In September 2004, the
European Union (EU) agreed to impose wide restrictions on the use of six phthalates in toys and
childcare products.25 The EU banned three phthalates classified as reproductive toxicants –
diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) – in
all toys and childcare articles. The EU banned three other phthalates – DINP, diisodecyl
phthalate (DIDP) and di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP) – in toys and childcare articles intended for
children under three years of age and that can be put in the mouth.26
As countries abroad banned phthalates, the efforts were renewed at the state level. In 2007,
following a campaign by Environment California and health affected groups including the Breast
Cancer Fund, the state enacted legislation banning phthalates in children‘s products.27
In 2008, bills were introduced in eight state legislatures that included bans on phthalates in
children‘s products; Washington State and Vermont both passed legislation that was enacted in
2008.
New Federal Standards on Phthalates: In March 2008, Senator Dianne Feinstein (CA)
successfully offered an amendment to the U.S. Senate‘s Consumer Product Safety Improvement
Act that banned phthalates in children‘s products. In July, the House/Senate Conference
Committee sent a final conference report to the House and Senate floors that became law.
8
The new law includes a ban on childcare products and children‘s toys containing the phthalates
DEHP, DBP, and BBP in concentrations higher than 0.1% per phthalate (1,000 ppm), and on
childcare products and children‘s toys that can be put in a child's mouth containing the phthalates
DINP, DnOP, and DIDP in concentrations higher than 0.1% per phthalate (1,000 ppm). The ban
on DINP, DnOP and DIDP is in effect pending a Chronic Hazard Advisory Panel‘s (CHAP)
report on the health effects of the chemicals. The CHAP has eighteen months to report its
findings and make a recommendation on whether to make the ban permanent. Both bans are
effective February 2009. The interim ban will only be rescinded if the CHAP recommends doing
so.
C. Unregulated Dangers: Bromine and Cadmium
Bromine has become a major player in the chemical industry for its function in fire prevention.
Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) are a favorite among manufacturers because of their cheap
cost and effective performance. There are more than 75 different types of BFRs in the market
today. The top 5 in production are tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), hexabromocyclododecane
(HBCD), and three other types of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). With such a
proliferation of the chemical, including in our children‘s toys, there is very little known about the
impact of Bromine on our health. However, research suggests that there is cause for concern.28
What is known about the health impacts of BFRs: With the widespread use of BFRs, with the
U.S ranking second in the world; the lack of knowledge around this family of chemicals is
disturbing. Studies have shown disturbance in the endocrine system caused by the Brominated
Flame Retardant, TBBPA. The thyroid is the most impacted in these studies and most vulnerable
during development years for children, and a cause of concern for pregnant women. Other
studies suggest that BFRs can negatively affect motor skills, impact learning and memory
development, and are also traced to neurological and brain damage.
Cadmium: Cadmium is a known carcinogen and developmental and reproductive toxin that
bioaccumulates in the body. At low doses the chemical is known to cause nausea, vomiting and
diarrhea. It has been linked to kidney damage and lung cancer. Despite these dangers, Cadmium
is not regulated in children‘s products by the Consumer Product Safety Commission.
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__________________________________________
III. Testing Results
Testing Methodology:
Illinois PIRG Education Fund staff purchased 87 toys and children‘s products at four retail stores
around the Chicago area. These stores were Target, Toys R Us, Claire‘s Boutique and Dollar
Tree.
To determine the presence of various toxic chemicals like lead and bromine, we used an X-Ray
Fluorescence (XRF) analyzer to test the products purchased and conducted a total of 178 tests on
various components of the purchased products. Our staff followed the standard testing protocol
when using the XRF analyzer. That standard protocol is attached as Attachment C.
We also had 9 products tested for lead and 7 products tested for the presence of phthalates using
STAT Analysis, a laboratory accredited by the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency in
accordance with the National Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Program. The
methodology on the testing conducted by STAT Analysis is attached as Attachment B.
Testing Results:
Lead: Of the 178 screening tests conducted by our staff using the XRF analyzer, 18 components
tested contained some trace amounts of lead. Six of the 87 children‘s products tested exceeded
the current 300 parts per million standard set by federal statute. While the current permissible
level of lead in products is 300 ppm, scientists have not identified a ―safe‖ level of lead exposure
for children.
Of the 8 products tested by STAT Analysis, 5 contained lead. Of those testing positive for lead, 3
products contained more lead than legally permissible under current law. These were a Cell
Phone Charm purchased at Claire‘s (710000 ppm), a toy duck purchased at Dollar Tree (34000
ppm) and a cloth children‘s book (1900 ppm).
Phthalates: Based on 7 tests conducted by STAT Analysis, 2 contained actionable levels of
phthalates in violation of the new federal law. The Little Princess handbag purchased at Claire‘s
had the phthalate chemical DEHP at 54000 ppm and DINP at 2200 ppm. Elmo‘s Lunch Box
contained 730 ppm of the phthalate chemical DEHP and 72000 ppm of the phthalate DIDP.
Bromine and Cadmium: Currently bromine and cadmium are unregulated toxic chemicals. In 32
products tested using the XRF Analyzer, bromine was detected at some level. Bromine was
detected in levels ranging from 672 ppm to just a few parts per million. Bromine tainted products
does not mean there are brominated flame retard chemicals contained in the product and it is
unknown what chemicals are associated with low levels (<500 ppm) of bromine in products.
10
However, when antimony is detected in the presence of bromine, there is the likelihood that
BFR‘s were used in the manufacture of the product and should be of concern. Of the 32 products
that tested positive for bromine, 4 also contained antimony as some level and one contained high
enough levels to warrant concern the product may contain BFRs.
Only two products tested positive for Cadmium. The toy alligator cell phone charm contained
714 ppm of cadmium and the Cupcake clip watch contained 214 ppm of cadmium.
A complete table of the testing of each product is provided as Attachment A.
11
__________________________________________
IV. Conclusion and Recommendations
The testing conducted is but a small sample of the toys and other children‘s products currently on
the market. However, based on this small sample, it is good to see the vast majority of products
meeting current safety regulations. The vast majority of products seem to be meeting current
standards. But, there should be no products available on store shelves that violate current lead
and phthalate standards.
While the CSPIA‘s tough new limits on two toxic chemicals --lead and phthalates—represent a
big step forward in protecting America‘s children from toxic chemicals, these are just two of the
many chemicals that affect our children‘s future that are present in a child‘s world.
Toxic chemicals found in children’s blood at birth
In a 2005 study by the Environmental Working Group (EWG) in collaboration with
Commonweal29, researchers at two major laboratories found an average of 200 industrial
chemicals and pollutants in umbilical cord blood from 10 babies born in August and September
of 2004 in U.S. hospitals. Tests revealed a total of 287 chemicals in the group. The umbilical
cord blood of these 10 newborns, collected by the Red Cross after the cord was cut, contained
pesticides, consumer product ingredients, and wastes from burning coal, gasoline, and garbage.
Of the 287 chemicals that were detected in the study, 180 were known carcinogens, 217 were
toxic to the brain and nervous system, and 208 cause birth defects or abnormal development in
animal tests.
Many people think, incorrectly, that the government would not allow chemicals to enter the
market if they were not safe. In truth, the regulatory process has failed to work the way
the public believes it should.
U.S. Toxics policy is in need of reform
In 1976, Congress passed the primary law regulating toxic chemicals in the United States, the
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), which grandfathered all existing chemicals on the market
into use without health-effects testing or analysis. Most of these chemicals emerged in the 1940s
and 1950s when few laws governed chemical safety. Today, U.S. EPA reviews new chemicals
that come onto the market but does not require full health effects testing for approval. With an
estimated 2,000 chemicals introduced each year, EPA approves an average of seven
new chemicals each day.30
Current Law Leaves U.S. EPA with Little Power to Protect Public Health
The U.S. government‘s regulation of chemicals is based on the premise that chemicals
are presumed innocent until they are proven to harm human health.
12
Throughout its nearly 30-year history, TSCA has rarely been amended, but clearly fails
to effectively regulate toxic chemicals. Since the law‘s inception, U.S. EPA has never used
its authority to ban a chemical and has only offered regulations on five different chemicals,
including PCBs, which Congress ordered regulated. U.S. EPA‘s lax regulation can be attributed
to the unreasonably high burden of proof the law places on the agency to show that a chemical
poses an unreasonable risk to human health and the environment.
TSCA divides all the chemicals on the market into two categories: existing chemicals and
new chemicals. Existing chemicals are chemicals already on the market before 1980. These
make up approximately 99 percent by volume of the chemicals on the market today.
Existing chemicals are considered safe until U.S. EPA can establish that they pose an
unreasonable risk to people‘s health or the environment, that the benefits of action outweigh the
risks of inaction, and that U.S. EPA is employing the least burdensome method when taking
action.31
Companies that wish to introduce new chemicals to the U.S. market must notify U.S. EPA at
least 90 days before producing or importing a new chemical. The new chemicals program,
however, should be improved by increasing the testing requirements of the chemicals.
U.S. EPA should have the authority and means to guarantee chemicals on the market are safe
for human health and the environment. In its 1998 review of high production volume
chemicals, U.S. EPA estimated the cost for a full round of basic screening tests, including tests
for reproductive and developmental toxicity, at about $205,000 per chemical.32 The
chemical industry, with profits of $13.5 billion in 2004, should pay this price to protect both
health and the environment.33
Recommendations for Policy Makers
The state and federal government must ensure the safety of all products on the market for
children.
• Phase Out Dangerous Chemicals.
The federal government must act based on the overwhelming weight of evidence showing that
some chemicals might harm human health. Manufacturers should be required to remove
chemicals that may pose a particular threat to fetuses, infants, and children, particularly when the
chemical is not necessary for the product to function according to design.
• Reform Chemicals Policy.
Currently, manufacturers can put chemicals on the market without proving they are
safe. Manufacturers should be required to provide all hazard and health-impact information
to the state and federal government so agencies can begin to assess the thousands of
chemicals currently on the market for which little or inadequate data are available.
Next, manufacturers of chemicals should be required to conduct an alternatives analysis, in order
to determine if they really are using the least hazardous chemical for each application.
• Inform Consumers about the Presence of Dangerous Chemicals.
13
The state and federal government must inform consumers about the presence of dangerous
chemicals in products. Manufacturers should be required to label products with the names of
these chemicals in order to allow parents to choose less toxic products.
• Fully fund the CPSC.
Subject to Congressional appropriations, the CSPIA reauthorizes the CPSC for 5 fiscal years,
with annual increases in funding authorizations to $136 million in 2014, with additional targeted
funding to refurbish its decrepit labs. The new law also dramatically increases staffing levels,
especially for front-line inspection and import safety staff. Congress should fully fund this
important agency so that it may utilize the new authority and responsibility that it was given in
the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act.
__________________________________________
14
__________________________________________
V. Endnotes
1
ATSDR, Case Studies in Environmental Medicine: Lead Toxicity, October 2000; American Academy of Pediatrics, ―Lead
Exposure in Children: Prevention, Detection and Management,‖ Pediatrics, 1036-1048 (October 2005).
2
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young Children, August 2005.
3
Richard L. Canfield, Ph.D., Charles R. Henderson, Jr., M.A., Deborah A. Cory-Slechta, Ph.D., Christopher Cox, Ph.D.,
Todd A. Jusko, B.S., and Bruce P. Lanphear, M.D., M.P.H., ―Intellectual Impairment in Children with Blood Lead
Concentrations below 10 μg per Deciliter,‖ New England Journal of Medicine, April 17, 2003, Volume 348:1517-1526.
4
CPSC, ―Reebok Recalls Bracelet Linked to Child‘s Lead Poisoning Death,‖ press release, March 23, 2006. Accessed October
30, 2006 at http://www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/prerel/prhtml06/06119.html.
5
Centers for Disease Control, ―Death of a Child After Ingestion of a Metallic Charm --- Minnesota, 2006,‖ Morbidity and
Mortality Weekly Report, March 23, 2006.
6
CPSC, ―Metal Charms Sold with Twentieth Century Fox DVDs Recalled for Toxic Lead Hazard,‖ press release, May 5,
2006.
7
CPSC release of June 13, 2007, ―RC2 Corp. Recalls Various Thomas & Friends™ Wooden Railway Toys Due to Lead
Poisoning Hazard,‖ accessed on November 7, 2007 at http://www.cpsc.gov/CPSCPUB/PREREL/prhtml07/07212.html.
8
CPSC release of August 2, 2007, ―Fisher-Price Recalls Licensed Character Toys Due To Lead Poisoning Hazard,‖
(http://www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/prerel/prhtml07/07257.html last accessed on November 7, 2007).
9
CPSC release, August 22, 2007, ―Martin Designs Inc. Recalls SpongeBob SquarePants Character Address Books and Journals
Due to Violation of Lead Paint Standard,‖ Accessed November 7, 2007 at
http://www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/prerel/prhtml07/07283.html.
10
U.S. PIRG analysis of CPSC recall announcements.
11
CPSC Release, July 7, 2009, ―Nine Companies Penalized for Selling Children‘s Products that Violated the Federal Lead Paint
Ban,‖
(http://www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/prerel/prhtml09/09264.html last accessed on October 14, 2009).
12
CPSC, ―Section 101. Children‘s Products Containing Lead; Lead Paint Rule,‖ (http://www.cpsc.gov/about/cpsia/sect101.html
last accessed on October 14, 2009).
13
Phthalate Esters Panel of the American Chemistry Council, What are Phthalates?, downloaded from www.phthalates.org on 14
April 2004; Catherine Dorey, Greenpeace, Chemical Legacy: Contamination of the Child, October 2003.
14
BC Blount et al, ―Levels of Seven Urinary Phthalate Metabolites in a Human Reference Population,‖ Environmental Health
Perspectives 108: 979-982, 2000.
15
Manori J Silva et al, ―Urinary Levels of Seven Phthalate Metabolites in the U.S. Population from the National Health and
Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2000,‖ Environmental Health Perspectives 112: 331-338, March 2004.
16
Shanna H. Swan et al, ―Decrease in anogenital distance among male infants with prenatal phthalate exposure,‖ Environmental
Health Perspectives 113; 1056-1061, August 2005; LE Gray et al, ―Perinatal Exposure to the Phthalates DEHP, BBP, and DINP,
but not DEP, DMP, or DOTP, Alters Sexual Differentiation of the Male Rat,‖ Toxicological Science 58: 350-365, December
2000; Vickie Wilson et al, ―Phthalate Ester-Induced Gubernacular Lesions are Associated with Reduced Insl3 Gene Expression
in the Fetal Rat Testis,‖ Toxicology Letters 146: 207-215, 2 February 2004; JS Fisher et al, ―Human ‗Testicular Dysgenesis
Syndrome‘: A Possible Model Using in-utero Exposure of the Rat to Dibutyl Phthalate,‖ Human Reproduction 18: 1383-1394,
2003.
17
NIEHS, ―Independent Panel to Evaluate a Chemical Used in Some Plastics (Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) for Hazards to Human
Development or Reproduction,‖ press release, October 5, 2005.
18
G Latini et al, ―In-Utero Exposure to Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate and Human Pregnancy Duration,‖ Environmental Health
Perspectives 111:1783-1785, 2003.
19
I. Colón, D Caro, CJ Bourdony and O Rosario, ―Identification of Phthalate Esters in the Serum of Young Puerto Rican Girls
with Premature Breast Development,‖ Environmental Health Perspectives 108: 895-900, 2000.
20
SM Duty et al, ―Phthalate Exposure and Human Semen Parameters,‖ Epidemiology 14: 269-277, 2003; SM Duty et al, ―The
Relationship Between Environmental Exposures to Phthalates and DNA Damage in Human Sperm Using the Neutral Comet
Assay,‖ Environmental Health Perspectives 111: 1164-1169, 2003.
21
CPSC, ―CPSC Releases Study on Phthalates in Teethers, Rattles and Other Children‘s Products,‖ press release, December 2,
1998, accessed November 7, 2007 at www.cpsc.gov/CPSCPUB/PREREL/PRHTML99/99031.html.
22
CPSC, ―CPSC Releases Study on Phthalates in Teethers, Rattles and Other Children‘s Products,‖ press release, December 2,
1998, accessed November 7, 2006 at www.cpsc.gov/CPSCPUB/PREREL/PRHTML99/99031.html.
23
Report to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission by the Chronic Hazard Advisory Panel on Diisononyl Phthalate,
June 2001. Accessed November 7, 2006 at http://www.cpsc.gov/LIBRARY/FOIA/Foia01/os/dinp.pdf.
15
24
CPSC, Letter to Jeffrey Becker Wise, National Environmental Trust, February 26, 2003, accessed November 7, 2006 at
http://www.cpsc.gov/library/foia/foia03/petition/ageunder.PDF.
25
―Results of Competitiveness Council, Brussels, 24th September 2004,‖ Memo/04/225.
26
Bette Hileman, ―EU Bans Three Phthalates from Toys, Restricts Three More,‖ Chemical and Engineering News, July 11, 2005.
27
News release, October 15, 2007, ―Governor Signs Bill to Protect Kids from Toxic Toys,‖ Accessed November 7, 2007 at
http://www.environmentcalifornia.org/newsroom/environmental-health/environmental-health-news/governor-signs-bill-toprotectkids-from-toxic-toys.
28
Birnbaum, Linda S., ―Brominated Flame Retardants: Cause for Concern?,‖ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Experimental Toxicology
Division, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA;
Staskal, Danielle F., University of North Carolina, Curriculum in Toxicology, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
29
Environmental Working Group, ―Body Burden — The Pollution in Newborns‖, July 14, 2005. Accessed November 13, 2008
at http://archive.ewg.org/reports/bodyburden2/
30
Environmental Working Group, Body Burden: The Pollution in Newborns, July 2005.
31
Lowell Center for Sustainable Production, The Promise and Limits of the United States Toxic Substances Control Act, October
10,2003.
32
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Chemical Hazard Data Availability Study,
April 1998.
33
Bureau of Economic Analysis, National Economic Accounts, Corporate Profits, ―News Release: Gross Domestic Product and
Corporate Profits,‖ September 29, 2005, at http://www.bea.doc.gov/bea/newsrelarchive/2005/gdp205f.htm. Table 12
contains data on ―Corporate Profits by Industry,‖ available at http://www.bea.doc.gov/bea/newsrelarchive/2005/gdp205f.xls.
16
VI. Attachments
Product: Baby’s First Sounds
SKU:379778003, Age: 6 months
Retailer: Target
Parts Tested (4):
1.
Cl
Br
Pb
Monkey Face
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Red Front
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Red Page
<LOD
4
<LOD
Yellow Page
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Product: Sponge Bob Cuddle Pillow
SKU: 9231788269, Age: 6 months
Retailer: Target
Parts Tested (2):
Cl
Br
Pb
Yellow Body
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Black Belt
<LOD
156
<LOD
2.
Product: Sesame Street Insulated Sippy Cups
Retailer: Target
Parts Tested (2):
3.
Cl
Br
Pb
Yellow cup
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Green top
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Product: Sassy "Look Book" Baby Photo Book
Retailer: Target
Parts Tested (3):
4.
Cl
Br
Pb
Ladybug
<LOD
8
<LOD
Yellow Page
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Handle
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Product: Just One Year Halloween PJ’s
Retailer: Target
Parts Tested (2):
5.
Cl
Br
Pb
Witch
52012
<LOD
<LOD
Black Cat
19917
<LOD
<LOD
Product: Mrs. Potato Head
SKU: 3224502251, Age: 2+
Retailer: Target
Parts Tested (2):
6.
Br
Pb
Lips
365544
Cl
<LOD
<LOD
Body
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Product: 10 Squirtin' Sea Buddies
Retailer: Target
Part Tested:
Blue Penguin
Cl
267429
Br
Pb
<LOD
<LOD
7.
Product: Bubble Ducky Spout Guard
SKU: 3528232501, Age: Not Specified
Retailer: Target
Parts Tested (3):
8.
Br
Pb
Hat
285457
Cl
<LOD
<LOD
Hatchet
251099
<LOD
<LOD
Yellow Body
353284
<LOD
<LOD
Product: Hello Kitty Cuddle Pillow
Retailer: Target
Parts Tested (3):
9.
Fabric Body
<LOD
24
<LOD
Pink Bow
<LOD
33
<LOD
Phone
<LOD
37
<LOD
Product: Elmo Live!
SKU: 2708454173, Age: 18 months
Retailer: Target
Parts Tested (3):
10.
Cl
Br
Pb
Hands
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Nose
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Eyes
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Product: Piggy Bank
Retailer: Target
Parts Tested (2):
Cl
Crown
11.
Br
NA
Body
Pb
0
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
93
Product: Disney Princess Costume Set
SKU: 492170213883, Age: 3+
Retailer: Target
Parts Tested (2):
12.
Cl
Br
Pb
Bodice
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Skirt
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Product: Boppy feeding Pillow
Retailer: Target
13.
Part Tested:
Back
Cl
<LOD
Br
Pb
<LOD
<LOD
Product: Paul Frank Monkey Hat
Retailer: Target
14.
Part Tested:
Ear
Cl
Br
Pb
<LOD
4
<LOD
Product: Sassy Sensory Symphony
Retailer: Target
Parts Tested (3):
15.
Cl
Br
Pb
7
<LOD
Fabric Front
<LOD
Plastic Fish
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Body
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Product: Circo Wooden Bead Maze
SKU: 0694363144, Age: 2+
Retailer: Target
Parts Tested (3):
16.
Cl
Br
Pb
Red Bead
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Yellow Star
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Metal Slide
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Product: 2 in 1 Harness Buddy by Eddie Bauer
Retailer: Target
Parts Tested (3):
17.
Cl
Br
Pb
Plastic Snap
<LOD
21
<LOD
Straps
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Body
<LOD
8
<LOD
Product: Carrier Toy Bar
SKU: 7445108676, Age: 0-12 months
Retailer: Target
Parts Tested (4):
18.
Cl
Br
Pb
Pink bug
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Sun face
<LOD
8
<LOD
Pink Flower
<LOD
9
<LOD
Strap
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Product: Mini Stacking Train
SKU:0077202479, Age: 2+
Retailer: Target
Parts Tested (3):
19.
Cl
Br
Pb
Red Wheels
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Yellow Block
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Orange Block
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Product: Mommy's Melodies Bear
SKU: 1291402375, Age: 0+
Retailer: Target
Parts Tested (3):
20.
Cl
Br
Pb
Body
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Ribbon
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Nose
<LOD
6
<LOD
Product: Rhyme and Discover Book
SKU: 050803608019, Age: 6+ Months
Retailer: Toys R’ Us
Parts Tested (4):
21.
Cl
Br
Pb
Cover
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
"Mary had a little lamb" page
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Binding
<LOD
17
<LOD
Red Dog Tab
<LOD
131
21
Product: Bob the Builder T-shirt by Extreme Concepts
SKU: 631338121626, Age: All Ages
Parts Tests (2):
22.
Bob the Builder (face)
Glow in the Dark
Parts
Cl
Br
Pb
55562
<LOD
<LOD
90069
<LOD
<LOD
Product: Adventures of Thomas the Tank Engine by Learning Curve
SKU: 796714991290, Age: 2+
23.
Parts Tests (2):
Cl
Br
Pb
Snow Thomas
Paint-splattered
Thomas
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Product: Imaginarium 3 Piece Wooden Train Set
SKU: 717851693946, Age: 3+
24.
Parts Tested (1):
Red Train
Cl
Br
Pb
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Product: Molly of Thomas & Friends Talking Series by Learning Curve
SKU: 796714987149, Age: 2+
25.
Parts Tested (2):
Cl
Br
Pb
Train
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Yellow Wheel
<LOD
9
<LOD
Product: Melissa and Doug’s Geometric Stacker
SKU: 000772005678, Age: 2+
Parts Tested (3):
26.
Cl
Br
Pb
Yellow Wheel
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Red Block
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Blue Block
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Product: Piggy Toes Toys Touch and Feel Bedtime Book
SKU: 9781581172799, Age: 2+
Parts Tested (2):
27.
Sheep Cover
Dog Touch and
Feel Page
Cl
Br
Pb
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
45516
<LOD
<LOD
Product: Especially for Baby Bath Wind-up Toy
SKU: 717851180163, Age: 2+
Parts Tested (3):
28.
Cl
Br
Pb
Yellow Face
49499
4
<LOD
Blue Fin
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Orange Body
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Product: Soft Play’s Twinkle Twinkle Elmo
SKU:9781592922925, Age: 6+
Parts Tested (2):
Cl
Br
Pb
29.
Rocket ship Page
<LOD
6
<LOD
Elmo Mirror Page
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Product: Little First Look and Find ft. Disney’s Finding Nemo Book
SKU: 9781412784399, Age: Not specified
Parts Tested (2):
30.
Cl
Br
Pb
Foam cover
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Colorful Gems Page
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Product: Melissa & Doug Jigsaw Puzzle
SKU: 000772029377, Age: 3+
31.
Part Tested:
Cl
Br
Pb
Puzzle Piece
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Product: Melissa & Doug’s Play-time Produce Farm Fresh Fruit
SKU: 000772040822, Age: 3+
Parts Tested (5):
32.
Cl
Br
Pb
Strawberry
336474
<LOD
<LOD
Apple
364054
<LOD
<LOD
Plum
449786
<LOD
<LOD
Orange
357716
<LOD
<LOD
Banana
387593
<LOD
<LOD
Product: Super Why Action Figure by Learning Curve
SKU: 796714512013, Age: 3+
Parts Tested (4):
33.
Br
Pb
Masked face
323983
Cl
<LOD
<LOD
Body
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Cape
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Red Accessory
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Product: Berkshire Fashions Thomas & Friends Umbrella
Part Tested (2):
34.
Cl
Br
Pb
Red Vinyl
<LOD
54
<LOD
handle
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Product: Disney Baby Stack and Discover Blocks
SKU: 07445190522, Age: 3 months
35.
Parts Tested (3):
Cl
Br
Pb
Small Green Apple
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Medium Red Bird Block
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Large Blue Butterfly Block
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Product: Strawberry Shortcake Lunch Bag
SKU: 840716079477, Age: 3+
Parts Tested (2):
36.
Br
Pb
Front
420652
Cl
<LOD
<LOD
Back
91825
<LOD
<LOD
Inside
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Product: Especially for Baby Bath Time Support
SKU: 717851180187, Age:
Part Tested:
Padding
Cl
<LOD
Br
Pb
<LOD
<LOD
37.
Product: Elmo Lunch Bag
SKU: 840716079446, Age: 3+
Parts Tested (3):
38.
****
Cl
Br
Pb
Front
550000
<LOD
29
Back
103271
<LOD
<LOD
Inside
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Product: Just Like Home & McKids Plastic Food Set
SKU: 045672904829, Age: 3+
Parts Tested (7):
39.
Cl
Br
Pb
Fries
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Apple Pie Box
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Salad Bowl
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Hamburger
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Tomato
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Cheese
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Carrying Case
356048
Product: Little People Noah’s Animals
SKU: 027084603996, Age:1-4
Parts Tested (2):
40.
Cl
Br
Purple Hippo
204089
<LOD
<LOD
Pb
Kangaroo face/ear
260164
<LOD
<LOD
Product: Fisher-Price Tuff Rumblin’ Vehicles
SKU: 673579065017, Age: 3+
Parts Tested (2):
Yellow
Section
Orange
Front
41.
Cl
Br
Pb
<LOD
16
<LOD
<LOD
359
<LOD
Product: PEZ Pocahontas Dispenser
SKU: 073621008199, Age: 3+
Part Tested:
42.
Dispenser
Body
Cl
Br
Pb
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Product: Super Mario Bros. Backpack
SKU: 843340011707, Age: 3+
Parts Tested (2):
Cl
Br
Pb
Mario’s Face
321044
<LOD
<LOD
Back
18741
17
<LOD
43.
Product: Disney’sGoofy Driving Construction Vehicle
SKU: 027084745085, Age: 2+
Parts Tested (2):
44.
Cl
Br
Pb
Goofy
187603
<LOD
<LOD
Car
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Product: Priddy Books Touch and Feel Cloth Book
Parts Tested (3):
45.
Cl
Br
Pb
Cover
Yellow Patch on Spinosaurus
Page
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Red Dot on Back Page
<LOD
<LOD
212
Product: Bratz Walking Doll
SKU: 035051361275, Age: 6+
Parts Tested (4):
46.
Cl
Br
Dog’s Body
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Doll's Face
385478
<LOD
<LOD
Inside of Jacket
<LOD
18
<LOD
Hair
550000
<LOD
<LOD
Product: Barbie Princess Styling Head
SKU: 027084656329, Age: 3+
Parts Tested (4):
47.
Cl
Br
Pb
<LOD
Face
461290
<LOD
Dress
<LOD
<LOD
8
Brush
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Tiara
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Pb
Product: Claire’s Best Friend Mood Rings
SKU:25212-2-05-14-179, Age: Not Specified
Retailer: Claire’s
Part Tested:
48.
Mood
Section
Cl
Br
<LOD
Pb
58
<LOD
Product: Pretty Princess Puppy Purse
SKU: 36699-7, Age: 3+
49.
Part Tested:
Front
Cl
****
Br
232139
Pb
9
<LOD
Product: High School Musical I <3 Troy Hair Clip
SKU: 17613-1 08-03 25, Age: 3+
Part Tested:
50.
I <3 Troy
Cl
Br
Pb
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Product: Little Princess Collection Hair Tiara
SKU: 62899-0 12-12 337, Age: 3+
Part Tested:
Front
Cl
Br
Pb
<LOD
53
35
51.
Product: Hot Pink Chain Link Necklace
SKU: 89325-5 05-06 169, Age: Not Specified
52.
Part Tested:
Chain
Cl
NA
Br
0
Pb
<LOD
Product: Lady Bug Beaded Necklace
SKU: 67467-1 12-02 498, Age: 3+
Part Tested:
Bead
53.
Cl
Br
Pb
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Product: Claire’s Beaded Necklace
Part Tested:
Beads
Cl
<LOD
Br
Pb
<LOD
<LOD
54.
Product: Electronic Accessory Case
Part Tested:
55.
Front
Cl
<LOD
Br
<LOD
Pb
19
Product: Best Friends Necklace
56.
Part Tested:
Cl
Br
Pb
Friend Section
NA
0
<LOD
Product: Hello Kitty Hair Clip
SKU:60155-9 12-14 159, Age: Not Specified
57.
Part Tested:
Clip
Cl
Br
<LOD
<LOD
Pb
<LOD
Product: Patriotic Necklace
Part Tested:
58.
Red Star
Cl
Br
NA
Pb
0
<LOD
Product: Cupcake Clip Watch
Part Tested:
Cupcake
59.
Cl
Br
NA
0
Pb
Cd
<LOD
214
Product: Winged Necklace
Part Tested:
Yellow
wing
60.
Cl
Br
NA
Pb
0
<LOD
Product: Candy Corn Halloween Wear
SKU: 36336-6 11-05 279,
Age: Not Specified
Parts Tested (2):
61.
Cl
Br
Pb
Orange
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Yellow
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Product: Alligator Cell Phone Charm
Part Tested:
Alligator
62.
Cl
Br
Pb
Cd
NA
0
282439
714
Product: Clip-on Diamond Earrings
Part Tested:
Dangles
63.
Cl
Br
NA
Pb
0
26932
Product: Claire’s Club LOVE ring/necklace Set
Parts Tested (2):
64.
Cl
Painted LOVE
Painted
Beads
Br
Pb
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Product: Claire’s Club Cupcake Necklace
Parts Tested (2):
65.
Cl
Br
Pb
Pink
cupcake
195976
6
<LOD
Chain
NA
0
<LOD
Product: Disney Princess Charm Necklace "E"
Parts Tested (3):
66.
Cl
Br
Pb
<LOD
<LOD
NA
0
<LOD
NA
0
<LOD
Pink
Heart
<LOD
Pk. Flower
Chain
Product: LOVE Pink Cell Phone Accessory
Part Tested:
LOVE
67.
Cl
Br
Pb
NA
0
7637
Product: Heart Ring
SKU: 48805-6 25-30 109,
Part Tested:
68.
Red Heart
Age: Not Specified
Cl
Br
NA
0
Pb
<LOD
Product: Knight’s Axe
Retailer: Dollar Tree
Parts Tested (2):
69.
Cl
Br
Pb
Chrome
Handle
<LOD
168
153
Axe Piece
<LOD
133
105
Product: Cuddly Cousin’s Brown Teddy Bear
Parts Tested (2):
White
Face
Cl
Br
Pb
<LOD
20
<LOD
Body
<LOD
11
<LOD
70.
Product: Mickey Mouse Clubhouse Slide Puzzle
Parts Tested (2):
71.
Square front
Lime Green
Back
Cl
Br
Pb
<LOD
623
<LOD
<LOD
667
<LOD
Product: Magic Dough
Parts Tested (2):
72.
Red
Dough
Yellow
Top
Cl
Br
Pb
<LOD
20
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Product: 911 Rescue Playset
SKU:639277539748, Age: 3+
Parts Tested (2):
73.
Cl
Br
Pb
Red Whistle
<LOD
51
<LOD
Axe
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Product: H20 Water Blasters Water Shield Blasters
SKU: 639277407146, Age: 3+
Parts Tested (2):
74.
Green Gun
Orange Shield
Cl
Br
Pb
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
NA
0
<LOD
Product: Turbo Wheels Monster Truck
SKU: 639277037015, Age: 3+
Parts Tested (2):
75.
Cl
Br
Pb
Red Body
NA
0
<LOD
Wheels
<LOD
105
188
Product: Joking Around Halloween Teeth
SKU:639277752246, Age: 3+
Part Tested:
76.
Gold Tooth
Cl
Br
Pb
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Product: Marvel Hot Rodz Spider Man Car
SKU: 639277752031 , Age: 3+
Part Tested:
77.
Top of Car
Cl
Br
Pb
<LOD
380
1940
Product: Grow Capsules Soft Expanding Dinosaurs
SKU: 639277970916,
Age: 3+
Part Tested:
78.
Cl
yellow capsule <LOD
Br
Pb
<LOD
<LOD
Product: 1st Birthday Plates
79.
Part Tested:
Cl
Br
Pb
Top of Plate
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Product: Collector’s Series Painted Duck
Parts Tested (2):
80.
Red Jacket
Yellow Duck
Face
Cl
Br
Pb
<LOD
<LOD
1545
<LOD
<LOD
2215
Product: Dress Up Doll
SKU:639277533043,
Age: Not Specified
Parts Tested (2):
81.
Cl
Head
415272
Body
<LOD
Br
Pb
<LOD
<LOD
22
<LOD
Product: Wobble Fireman and Dog
SKU: 639277538468,
Age: 3+
Parts Tested (2):
82.
Cl
Br
Pb
Fireman'sBody
<LOD
60
<LOD
Dog
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Product: Fun with Bugs! Lady Bug
SKU:639277250933,
Age:4+
Part Tested:
83.
Red Back
Cl
326402
Br
<LOD
Pb
<LOD
Product: Knight’s Helmet
SKU: 639277584236, Age:4+
84.
Part Tested:
Top
Cl
Br
Pb
<LOD
207
384
Product: Stretchable Jungle Animals, Elephant
SKU: 639277392671,
Age: 3+
Part Tested:
85.
Body
Cl
Br
Pb
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Product: Wooden Jumbo Chalkboard
SKU: 639277121400,
Age: 3+
Parts Tested (2):
Cl
Br
Pb
Chalk Board
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
Yellow Design
<LOD
<LOD
<LOD
86.
Product: Flower Girl Jewelry Set
SKU: 075656041394, Age: 3+
Part Tested:
87.
Beads
Cl
<LOD
**** Denotes the presence of Phthalates, Please see Attachment B
Br
Pb
18
<LOD
Page 1 of 19
Date: October 26, 2009
STAT Analysis Corporation
Client:
Project:
Lab Order:
Illinois Pirg
Phthalates and Lead Testing
09100323
Lab Sample ID
Client Sample ID
09100323-001A
09100323-002A
09100323-003A
09100323-004A
09100323-005A
09100323-006A
09100323-007A
09100323-008A
09100323-009A
09100323-010A
09100323-011A
09100323-012A
09100323-013A
09100323-014A
09100323-015A
2 Munchkin Fire Duck
3 Big Rex Cloth Book Red D
4 Knights Helmet
5 Claire Cellphone Charm
6 Duck Collector's Series
7 Hair Clip I Love Troy
8 Claire's Tiara
9 Handbag - Little Princess
10 Electronics Holder w/ Fro
11 Walking Bratz Doll (face)
12 Bath Toy wind-up fish
13 Lady Bug
14 Elmo Lunch Box
15 Super Mario Backpack
16 Bob the Builder T-shirt
Work Order Sample Summary
Tag Number
Collection Date
Date Received
10/8/2009 10:50:00 AM
10/8/2009 10:50:00 AM
10/8/2009
10/8/2009
10/9/2009
10/9/2009
10/9/2009
10/9/2009
10/9/2009
10/9/2009
10/9/2009
10/9/2009
10/9/2009
10/9/2009
10/9/2009
10/9/2009
10/9/2009
10/9/2009
10/9/2009
Page 2 of 19
2242 West Harrison St., Suite 200, Chicago, IL 60612-3766
Tel: (312) 733-0551 Fax: (312) 733-2386 [email protected]
Accreditation Numbers: IEPA ELAP 100445; ORELAP IL300001; AIHA 101160; NVLAP LabCode 101202Report Date: October 26, 2009
Print Date: October 26, 2009
Client:
Illinois Pirg
Lab Order:
09100323
Project:
Lab ID:
09100323-001A
Analyses
Client Sample ID: 2 Munchkin Fire Duck
Tag Number:
Collection Date: 10/8/2009 10:50:00 AM
Matrix: Solid
Result
Phthalates
RL Qualifier Units
SW8270C (SW3580A)
Bis(2-ethoxyethyl)phthalate
ND
49
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
ND
49
Bis(2-methoxyethyl)phthalate
ND
49
Bis(2-n-butoxyethyl)phthalate
ND
Bis(4-methyl-2-pentyl)phthalate
DF
Date Analyzed
Prep Date: 10/19/2009 Analyst: HVH
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
49
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
49
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Butyl benzyl phthalate
ND
49
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Di-n-butyl phthalate
ND
49
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Di-n-octyl phthalate
ND
49
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Diethyl phthalate
ND
49
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Dihexyl phthalate
ND
49
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Diisobutyl phthalate
ND
49
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Diisodecyl phthalates
ND
490
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Diisoheptyl phthalates
ND
490
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Diisononyl phthalates
ND
490
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Dimethyl phthalate
ND
49
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Dinonyl phthalate
ND
49
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Dipentyl phthalate
ND
49
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Qualifiers:
*
ND - Not Detected at the Reporting Limit
RL - Reporting / Quantitation Limit for the analysis
J - Analyte detected below quantitation limits
S - Spike Recovery outside accepted recovery limits
B - Analyte detected in the associated Method Blank
R - RPD outside accepted recovery limits
HT - Sample received past holding time
E - Value above quantitation range
* - Non-accredited parameter
H - Holding time exceeded
Page 3 of 19
Client:
Illinois Pirg
Lab Order:
09100323
Project:
Lab ID:
09100323-002A
Analyses
Client Sample ID: 3 Big Rex Cloth Book Red Dot
Tag Number:
Collection Date: 10/8/2009 10:50:00 AM
Matrix: Solid
Result
Lead by FLAA
SW7420 (SW3050B)
Lead
Qualifiers:
RL Qualifier Units
1900
230
DF
Date Analyzed
Prep Date: 10/19/2009 Analyst: LB
mg/Kg
1
10/19/2009
Page 4 of 19
Client:
Illinois Pirg
Lab Order:
09100323
Project:
Lab ID:
09100323-003A
Analyses
Client Sample ID: 4 Knights Helmet
Tag Number:
Collection Date: 10/8/2009
Matrix: Solid
Result
Lead by FLAA
SW7420 (SW3050B)
Lead
Qualifiers:
RL Qualifier Units
40
24
DF
Date Analyzed
mg/Kg
1
10/19/2009
Page 5 of 19
Client:
Illinois Pirg
Lab Order:
09100323
Project:
Lab ID:
09100323-004A
Analyses
Client Sample ID: 5 Claire Cellphone Charm
Tag Number:
Collection Date: 10/8/2009
Matrix: Solid
Result
Lead by FLAA
SW7420 (SW3050B)
Lead
Qualifiers:
RL Qualifier Units
710000
42000
DF
Date Analyzed
mg/Kg
1000
10/19/2009
Page 6 of 19
Client:
Illinois Pirg
Lab Order:
09100323
Project:
Lab ID:
09100323-005A
Analyses
Client Sample ID: 6 Duck Collector's Series
Tag Number:
Collection Date:
Matrix: Solid
Result
Lead by FLAA
SW7420 (SW3050B)
Lead
Qualifiers:
RL Qualifier Units
34000
1600
DF
Date Analyzed
mg/Kg
2
10/19/2009
Page 7 of 19
Client:
Illinois Pirg
Lab Order:
09100323
Project:
Lab ID:
09100323-006A
Analyses
Client Sample ID: 7 Hair Clip I Love Troy
Tag Number:
Collection Date:
Matrix: Solid
Result
Lead by FLAA
SW7420 (SW3050B)
Lead
Qualifiers:
RL Qualifier Units
ND
47
DF
Date Analyzed
mg/Kg
1
10/19/2009
Page 8 of 19
Client:
Illinois Pirg
Lab Order:
09100323
Project:
Lab ID:
09100323-007A
Analyses
Client Sample ID: 8 Claire's Tiara
Tag Number:
Collection Date:
Matrix: Solid
Result
Lead by FLAA
SW7420 (SW3050B)
Lead
Qualifiers:
RL Qualifier Units
45
23
DF
Date Analyzed
mg/Kg
1
10/19/2009
Page 9 of 19
Client:
Illinois Pirg
Lab Order:
09100323
Project:
Lab ID:
09100323-008A
Analyses
Client Sample ID: 9 Handbag - Little Princess
Tag Number:
Collection Date:
Matrix: Solid
Result
Phthalates
RL Qualifier Units
SW8270C (SW3580A)
ND
30
54000
15000
ND
30
ND
DF
Date Analyzed
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
mg/Kg
500
10/21/2009
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
30
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
30
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
30
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
30
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
30
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Diethyl phthalate
ND
30
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Dihexyl phthalate
ND
30
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
30
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
300
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
300
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
2200
1500
*
mg/Kg
5
10/21/2009
Dimethyl phthalate
ND
30
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Dinonyl phthalate
ND
30
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Dipentyl phthalate
ND
30
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Qualifiers:
*
Page 10 of 19
Client:
Illinois Pirg
Lab Order:
09100323
Project:
Lab ID:
09100323-009A
Analyses
Client Sample ID: 10 Electronics Holder w/ Frog
Tag Number:
Collection Date:
Matrix: Solid
Result
Phthalates
RL Qualifier Units
SW8270C (SW3580A)
ND
42
50
42
ND
42
ND
DF
Date Analyzed
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
42
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
42
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
42
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
42
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
42
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Diethyl phthalate
ND
42
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Dihexyl phthalate
ND
42
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
42
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
420
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
420
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
420
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Dimethyl phthalate
ND
42
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Dinonyl phthalate
ND
42
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Dipentyl phthalate
ND
42
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Qualifiers:
*
Page 11 of 19
Client:
Illinois Pirg
Lab Order:
09100323
Project:
Lab ID:
09100323-010A
Analyses
Client Sample ID: 11 Walking Bratz Doll (face)
Tag Number:
Collection Date:
Matrix: Solid
Result
Phthalates
RL Qualifier Units
SW8270C (SW3580A)
ND
47
ND
47
ND
47
ND
DF
Date Analyzed
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
47
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
47
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
47
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
47
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
47
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Diethyl phthalate
ND
47
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Dihexyl phthalate
ND
47
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
240
47
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
470
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
470
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
470
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Dimethyl phthalate
ND
47
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Dinonyl phthalate
ND
47
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Dipentyl phthalate
ND
47
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Qualifiers:
*
Page 12 of 19
Client:
Illinois Pirg
Lab Order:
09100323
Project:
Lab ID:
09100323-011A
Analyses
Client Sample ID: 12 Bath Toy wind-up fish
Tag Number:
Collection Date:
Matrix: Solid
Result
Phthalates
RL Qualifier Units
SW8270C (SW3580A)
ND
43
ND
43
ND
43
ND
DF
Date Analyzed
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
43
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
43
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
43
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
43
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
43
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Diethyl phthalate
ND
43
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Dihexyl phthalate
ND
43
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
43
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
430
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
430
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
430
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Dimethyl phthalate
ND
43
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Dinonyl phthalate
ND
43
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Dipentyl phthalate
ND
43
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Qualifiers:
*
Page 13 of 19
Client:
Illinois Pirg
Lab Order:
09100323
Project:
Lab ID:
09100323-012A
Analyses
Client Sample ID: 13 Lady Bug
Tag Number:
Collection Date:
Matrix: Solid
Result
Lead by FLAA
SW7420 (SW3050B)
Lead
Qualifiers:
RL Qualifier Units
ND
24
DF
Date Analyzed
mg/Kg
1
10/19/2009
Page 14 of 19
Client:
Illinois Pirg
Lab Order:
09100323
Project:
Lab ID:
09100323-013A
Analyses
Client Sample ID: 14 Elmo Lunch Box
Tag Number:
Collection Date:
Matrix: Solid
Result
Lead by FLAA
RL Qualifier Units
SW7420 (SW3050B)
Lead
ND
Phthalates
mg/Kg
SW8270C (SW3580A)
ND
46
730
46
ND
46
ND
Date Analyzed
24
DF
1
10/19/2009
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
46
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
46
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
46
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
46
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
46
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Diethyl phthalate
ND
46
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Dihexyl phthalate
ND
46
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
120
46
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
72000
23000
*
mg/Kg
50
10/21/2009
ND
460
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
460
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Dimethyl phthalate
ND
46
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Dinonyl phthalate
ND
46
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Dipentyl phthalate
ND
46
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Qualifiers:
*
Page 15 of 19
Client:
Illinois Pirg
Lab Order:
09100323
Project:
Lab ID:
09100323-014A
Analyses
Client Sample ID: 15 Super Mario Backpack
Tag Number:
Collection Date:
Matrix: Solid
Result
Phthalates
RL Qualifier Units
SW8270C (SW3580A)
ND
49
ND
49
ND
49
ND
DF
Date Analyzed
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
49
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
49
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
49
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
49
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
49
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Diethyl phthalate
ND
49
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Dihexyl phthalate
ND
49
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
230
49
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
490
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
490
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
ND
490
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Dimethyl phthalate
ND
49
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Dinonyl phthalate
ND
49
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Dipentyl phthalate
ND
49
*
mg/Kg
1
10/21/2009
Qualifiers:
*
Page 16 of 19
Client:
Illinois Pirg
Lab Order:
09100323
Project:
Lab ID:
09100323-015A
Analyses
Client Sample ID: 16 Bob the Builder T-shirt
Tag Number:
Collection Date:
Matrix: Solid
Result
Lead by FLAA
SW7420 (SW3050B)
Lead
Qualifiers:
RL Qualifier Units
ND
24
DF
Date Analyzed
mg/Kg
1
10/19/2009
Page 17 of 19
Page 18 of 19
Page 19 of 19

Chemical Compliance - The Public Interest Network

Transcription

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