Gum trees - Moreton Bay Regional Council

Gum trees - Moreton Bay Regional Council

A key to identifying
local gum trees
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Eucalypts of the Brisbane Region+7&OLIIRUG
Eucalyptus Buds and Fruit*0&KLSSHQGDOH
Mangroves to Mountains/RJDQ%UDQFK6*$3
Wild Plants of Greater Brisbane4OG0XVHXP
Flora of SEQ6WDQOH\DQG5RVV
Noosa’s Native Plants6WHSKDQLH+DVODP
Field Guide to Eucalypts9RO%URHNHU.OHwQLJ
Contents
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Gum trees are an important part
of Australia’s forests, and identify
our country as unique.
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Happy gum-spotting!
2
Some terms used in this key
Gumnuts
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DQGLQFXUYHG
9DOYHVH[HUWHGDQG
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Flowers
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6WDPHQV
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6WHPEDVH
RIEXGSHGLFHO
%XGFDS
Leaves
6\PPHWULFDOOHDIEDVH
2SSRVLWHOHDYHV
2EOLTXHOHDIEDVH
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3
Terms relating to gum trees
Flower buds
)ORZHUEXGVPD\FRQVLVWRIWZRSDUWV²IORUDOWXEHORZHUDQGFDSRSHUFXOXP7KHFDS
HQFORVHVVWDPHQVEHIRUHWKHIORZHURSHQVDQGIDOOVRIIZKHQLWGRHVRSHQ:LWKVRPH
JXPVVXFKDVAngophoras$SSOHJXPVDQGLophostemons%UXVK%R[DQG6ZDPS
%R[WKHUHLVQRFDS)ORZHUEXGIHDWXUHVLQFOXGH²VKDSHRIWKHFDSDQGLWVOHQJWK
DQGWKHOHQJWKRIWKHIORUDOWXEHUHODWLYHWRWKHOHQJWKRIWKHSHGLFHO)ORZHUEXGVXVXDOO\
RFFXULQJURXSVXPEHOVDWWDFKHGWRDSHGXQFOH
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3HGXQFOH
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BUD
BU
U
UMBEL OF FLOWER BUDS
UDS
Fruits (‘gumnuts’)
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6KDSH²HJJOREXODUVSKHULFDOKHPLVSKHULFDOKDOIVSKHUH
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9DOYHV²WKHVHRSHQWRUHOHDVHVHHGV7KH\PD\EHH[HUWHGSURWUXGHGDERYH
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How to use this key
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FRUUHFWQDPH
)RUHDFKVSHFLHVH[FHSWIRUCorymbia ptychocarpaGLDJUDPVLOOXVWUDWHWKHIORZHU
EXGVWKHIUXLWJXPQXWVWKHVLOKRXHWWHRIDIORZHUEXGDQGWKHVLOKRXHWWHRID
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Remember, all species vary depending on their genetic makeup and the
environmental conditions in which they have lived. There is also variation within
each feature of an individual plant depending on environmental factors.
All illustrations of flowers, buds and gumnuts are drawn life-size.
5
Start of the key
Step 1 ²:KDWVRUWRIbarkGRHVLWKDYH"
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Description
Trunks smooth with
dimplesPRWWOHG
SLQNEOXLVKJUHHQ
JUH\
A
SPOTTED GUMS AND
SMOOTH-BARKED
APPLES
Page
Description
Upper trunk smooth;
lower half of trunk
with rough bark
8
B
HALF-BARKS
Page
Description
Trunk mostly smooth
H[FHSWIRUDVPDOO
DPRXQWRIURXJKEDUN
RQORZHUEXWW
C
GUM-BARKS
Page
6
9
13
Description
Bark deeply and
vertically furrowed,
URXJKKDUG
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IRONBARKS
Page
Description
)ODN\ÀEURXVEDUN
EURNHQLQWRSODWHVRU
VFDOHVRYHUWUXQNVDQG
EUDQFKHV5XEEHWZHHQ
WKHSDOPV²bark
breaks down to a
powder
E
BLOODWOODS AND
ROUGH-BARKED
APPLES
Page
Description
6WULQJ\DQGÀEURXV
barkRYHUWUXQNDQG
EUDQFKHV&DQEHSXOOHG
DZD\LQVWULSV5XE
EHWZHHQWKHSDOPV
– bark breaks down to
a powder andÀEUHV
18
20
F
STRINGYBARKS
AND FALSE
STRINGYBARKS
Page
23
7
A
SPOTTED GUMS AND
SMOOTH-BARKED APPLES
7UXQNVPRRWKZLWKGLPSOHV
1a. Adult leaves opposite. %XGVZLWKRXWFDSV*XPQXWVZLWKVPDOOWHHWKDQG
VOLJKWO\ULEEHGPP[PP7UXQNDQGEUDQFKHVRIWHQWZLVWHG
Rusty Gum / Smooth-barked AppleAngophora leiocarpa²SUHYA. costata
1b. Adult leaves alternate. Buds with caps ....................................................... 2
2a. Large / wide adult leaves to FP[FP*XPQXWVFP[FP
Large-leafed Spotted Gum
um Corymbia henryi
2b. Adult leaves to 18cm x 2.5cm.*XPQXWVPP[PP
PP [ Spotted Gum Corymbia citriodora²SUHYC. maculata
8
B
HALF-BARKS
8SSHUWUXQNVPRRWK/RZHUKDOIDSSUR[ZLWKURXJKEDUN
Lower bark ‘box-barked’GDUNJUH\ZLWKQDUURZ
YHUWLFDOJURRYHVWRFPDSDUWDQGOHVVREYLRXV
KRUL]RQWDOJURRYHV ...................... 1
Lower bark not ‘box bark’......................................................................................... 2
1a. Upper bark shed in long strips to show whitish to light grey smooth bark.
/HDYHV²FPZLGHVDPHFRORXUERWKVLGHV*XPQXWV²PPZLGH
Gum-topped BoxEucalyptus mollucana
1b. Upper bark
ark smooth
s
and often brownish / pink or salmon-coloured.
/HDYHVJORVV\GDUNJUHHQDERYHDQGFURZGHGDWHQGRIEUDQFKOHWV1REXG
FDSVÁRZHUVZLWKSHWDOV*XPQXWVEHOOVKDSHGDQGFHOOHG
Brush BoxLophostemon confertus
9
B
HALF-BARKS (cont.)
8SSHUWUXQNVPRRWK/RZHUKDOIDSSUR[ZLWKURXJKEDUN
2a. Lower bark dark with small tile-like pieces; XSSHUEDUNVPRRWK
GHFLGXRXV²\HOORZLVKQHZEDUNEXWPDWXULQJWRJUH\/HDYHVZHHSLQJORQJ
WKLQDQGOLJKWJUHHQ*XPQXWVWKLQDQGHDVLO\FUXVKHG
Moreton Bay Ash / CarbeenCorymbia tessellaris
2b. Lower bark not dark and tile-like .................................................................. 3
3a. Upper bark smooth and grey-green./RZHUEDUNRIWHQQRWH[WHQGLQJIDU
XSWUXQNURXJKÀEURXVVFDO\SHUVLVWHQW<RXQJWLSVUHGGLVKZLWKZKLWHKDLUV
/HDYHVRIWHQURXQGHGDQGVRRW\*XPQXWVJOREXODUDQGXUQOLNH²PPORQJ
CadaghiCorymbia torelliana
1RWORFDOWRWKHDUHDEXWFXOWLYDWHGDQGIHUDO
3b. Smooth bark not greenish ............................................................................. 4
10
B
HALF-BARKS (cont.)
8SSHUWUXQNVPRRWK/RZHUKDOIDSSUR[ZLWKURXJKEDUN
4a. &DUHIXO)LEUHVVSOLQWHU\DQGKDUGLIUXEEHG%DUNURXJKÀEURXV
RYHUPRVWRUDOORIWUXQNDQGEUDQFKHV%XGVDQGJXPQXWVODUJHWRFP[
FPDQGULGJHG
Needle-barked StringybarkEucalyptus
Nee
Eu
ucalypt planchoniana
4b. Fibres not splintery and hard when rubbed..................................................5
5a. Rough bark persists high into trunk and branches. Large bunches of
buds and gumnuts. /RZHUEDUNURXJKDQGÀVVXUHG\HOORZEURZQWRGDUN
EURZQ8SSHUEUDQFKHVVPRRWK
Gympie MessmateEucalyptus cloeziana
1RWORFDOWRWKHDUHDEXWFXOWLYDWHG
11
B
HALF-BARKS (cont.)
8SSHUWUXQNVPRRWK/RZHUKDOIDSSUR[ZLWKURXJKEDUN
5b. Persistent rough bark usually less than half the trunk and branches.
/RZHUEDUNÀQHO\ÀEURXVWKLFNDQGVSRQJ\EURZQWRJUH\8SSHUEDUNZKLWLVK
RIWHQZLWKVFULEEOHVDQGVKHGLQVWULSVOHIWKDQJLQJLQEUDQFKDQJOHV*XPQXWV
²PPZLGH/HDYHV²FPZLGH
BlackbuttEucalyptus pilularis
12
C
GUM-BARKS
7UXQNPRVWO\VPRRWK
1a. 6FUDWFKWKHEDUNOLJKWO\DQGKRUL]RQWDOO\ZLWKDÀQJHUQDLO²EDUNLVVSRQJ\
and becomes indented but with no juicy green tissue.1HZEDUNRUDQJH
ZHDWKHULQJWR\HOORZLVKFUHDP\JUH\ .......................................................................2
1b. 6FUDWFKWKHEDUNOLJKWO\DQGKRUL]RQWDOO\ZLWKDÀQJHUQDLO²WKHEDUNLV
hard, and cuts to reveal moist green tissue.0RVWRIWKHWUXQNDQGEUDQFKHV
ZKLWHRUJUH\ZKLWH ......................................................................................................3
2a. Flower buds small, in groups of 8 to 15, not ridged,DQGZLWKORZSRLQWHG
FDSVDQGVKRUWVWHPVGumnuts 3 – 4mm long.9DOYHVRU
Small-fruited Grey GumEucalyptus propinqua
2b.
Flower buds in groups of 7 ............................................................................4
3a. Adult leaves different hue above and below ................................................5
3b. Adult leaves same hue above and below .....................................................7
4a. Flower buds, with long stems and pointed caps.
Large-fruited
Grey GumEucalyptus biturbinata²SUHYE.
punctata
Large-fru
rb
13
C
GUM-BARKS (cont.)
7UXQNPRVWO\VPRRWK
4b. Flower buds ridged.%XGFDSVSRLQWHGRUEHDNHGSRLQWHGDQGEHQW
Gumnuts 4 – 5mm long.
Mountain Grey GumEucalyptus major
5a. Small tree or malleeVPDOODQGPXOWLVWHPPHGWUHH7UXQNVPRRWK
JUHHQLVKOLJKWJUH\RUZKLWH%DUNVKHGLQORQJULEERQV*XPQXWVRIWHQULEEHG
RUZULQNOHGZKHQGU\*XPQXWVZLWKvalves below rim.
Plunket MalleeEucalyptus curtisii
5b. Trunk XVXDOO\straight and tall,VPRRWKVKLQ\ZKLWHRUJUH\ZKLWH%DUN
VKHGLQORQJVWULSV*XPQXWVZLWKprotruding valves .............................................6
6a.*XPQXWVZLWKRUbroad valves protruding and incurved.
Flooded / Rose GumEucalyptus grandis
14
C
GUM-BARKS (cont.)
7UXQNPRVWO\VPRRWK
6b.*XPQXWVZLWKRUvalves with thin pointed tips protruding and
erect and out-curved.
Sydney Blue GumEucalyptus saligna
7a.0RVWRIWUXQNDQGEUDQFKHVZLWK thin, dark zigzag scribbles.%DUNSDOH
\HOORZZKHQIUHVKZKLWHZKHQROGHU*XPQXWVZLWKYDOYHVDWRUEHORZULP
$GXOWOHDYHVVOLJKWO\JORVV\JUHHQ
Scribbly GumEucalyptus racemosa
7b. Grey-white or whitish trunk without scribbles. %XGVORQJDQGSRLQWHG
*XPQXWVZLWKYDOYHVSURWUXGLQJ ...............................................................................8
15
C
GUM-BARKS (cont.)
7UXQNPRVWO\VPRRWK
8a. Bark white and powdery, EHFRPLQJSLQNRUUHGGLVKEHIRUHSHHOLQJ Adult
leaves often oval,GXOOOLJKWJUHHQ Bud caps hemispherical.
White Gum Eucalyptus platyphylla²SUHYE. alba
ORFD
1RWORFDOWRWKHDUHDEXWFXOWLYDWHG
8b. Most of trunk and branches white, grey, dark-grey or blue-grey. Bud caps
long. Leaves grey-green / blue-green ......................................................................9
9a.&RDVWDO%DUNJUH\RUGDUNJUH\WRJUH\EURZQSHHOLQJLQODUJHSDWFKHVRU
ÁDNHV²QHZEDUNEULJKWRUDQJHGumnuts often angular or ribbed, valves very
protruding./HDYHVWKLFN
Orange Gum / Bancroft’s Red GumEucalyptus bancroftii
9b. %DUNJUH\ZKLWHRUEOXLVKZKLWHRUFUHDPnew bark never bright orange 10
16
C
GUM-BARKS (cont.)
7UXQNPRVWO\VPRRWK
10a. Glossy / shiny smooth bark,ZKLWHRUEOXLVKZKLWHZLWKGDUNHUJUH\
SDWFKHV2IWHQVFDO\DQGURXJKDWEDVH'URRSLQJOHDYHVPRVWO\FXUYHG
-XYHQLOHDQGUHJURZWKOHDYHVPRVWO\EURDG/DUJHWUHH:LGHVSUHDGDQGYDULDEOH
Queensland Blue Gum (Eucalyptus tereticornis)
10b.1HZEDUNPRWWOHGZKLWHWR\HOORZLVKEHFRPLQJdull grey.2IWHQZLWK
narrow weeping foliage.-XYHQLOHDQGregrowth leaves narrow.
Narrow-leafed Red GumEucalyptus seeana
17
D
IRONBARKS
%DUNGHHSO\DQGYHUWLFDOO\IXUURZHG
1a. Leaves opposite, stem-clasping and without stalksVWHPVRUSHWLROHV
VLOYHU%DUNSHUVLVWHQWGDUNEURZQEODFNKDUGDQGIXUURZHG
Silver-leaved IronbarkEucalyptus melanophloia
1b. Leaves alternate, with distinct stalk (stem) ..................................................2
2a. Juvenile and regrowth leaves less than 1.5cm wide. $GXOWOHDYHVQDUURZ
WRFPGXOOJUHHQRUEOXLVKJUH\JUHHQ%XGVURXQGHGRUSRLQWHG%XGFDS
VKRUWHUWKDQEXGEDVHÁRUDOWXEH*XPQXWV²PPORQJ
Narrow-leafed IronbarkEucalyptus crebra
2b. Juvenile and regrowth leaves more than 1.5cm wide ................................3
18
D
IRONBARKS (cont.)
%DUNGHHSO\DQGYHUWLFDOO\IXUURZHG
3a. Adult leavesGXOOJUHHQRUJUH\JUHHQ to about 2cm wide.-XYHQLOHDQG
UHJURZLQJOHDYHVVLPLODUWRDGXOWOHDYHV%XGVZLWKGLVWLQFWSRLQWFDSVDPH
OHQJWKDVEDVH*XPQXWV²PPORQJ
Grey IronbarkEucalytpus siderophloia²SUHYE. drepanophylla
3b.
Adult leaves 3 – 5cm wide,VWLIIGXOOGLUW\JUHHQ-XYHQLOHDQGUHJURZWK
OHDYHVJUHHQHUODUJHUDQGPRUHFLUFXODU%XGVORQJ²PP*XPQXWV
²PP%DUNÁDN\ÀEURXVDQGURXJK
Broad-leafed Ironbark(XFDO\SWXVÀEURVD
19
E
BLOODWOODS AND
ROUGH-BARKED APPLES
)ODN\ÀEURXVEDUN
1a. Gumnuts very largePRUHWKDQFPORQJDQGULEEHGLeaves
FPORQ
very
large²FPZLGH
Swamp
S
wamp BloodwoodCorymbia
Bloodw
ptychocarpa
1RWORFDOWRWKHDUHDEXWFXOWLYDWHG
1RWORFD
1b. Gumnuts less than 2cm
cm long
long..........
..........................................................................2
2a. Mature leaves alternate. BBuds with caps ......................................................3
2b. Mature leaves in opposite pairs. Buds without caps ...................................4
3a.%DUNLQFKXQN\ÁDNHV%XGFDSVVKRUW ..........................................................5
3b. Bark in coarse, soft spongy long slabs with deep, vertical furrows./HDYHV
²FPZLGHRIWHQSRLQWHGHDFKHQGBud caps long and beaked.*XPQXWV
F\OLQGULFDOValves usually joined across the opening.
Swamp MahoganyEucalyptus robusta
20
E
BLOODWOODS AND
ROUGH-BARKED APPLES (cont.)
)ODN\ÀEURXVEDUN
4a. Leaves (2 – 6cm wide) without stemsDQGDSSHDULQJWRFODVSWKHEUDQFKOHWV
%DUNURXJKÁDN\DQGEULWWOH%UDQFKHVRIWHQKDQJGRZQ*XPQXWVGLVWLQFWO\ULEEHG
Broad-leafed AppleAngophora subvelutina
4b. Leaves (1 – 4cm wide) with stemsDQGQRWVWHPFODVSLQJ%DUNURXJK
DQGIXUURZHG%UDQFKHVRIWHQKDQJGRZQ*XPQXWVGLVWLQFWO\ULEEHG
\U
SmudgeeAngophora
woodsiana
SmudgeeAngop
5a.*XPQXWRSHQLQJQRWÁDUHGJXPQXWVODUJHWRFPORQJ%DUNJUH\WR
OLJKWEURZQDQGSHUVLVWHQWWRVPDOOHVWEUDQFKHVFKXQN\ÁDNHVZLWKLUUHJXODU
YHUWLFDODQGWUDQVYHUVHFUDFNV
Pink BloodwoodCorymbia intermedia
21
E
BLOODWOODS AND
ROUGH-BARKED APPLES (cont.)
)ODN\ÀEURXVEDUN
5b. *XPQXWVZLWKÁDUHGRSHQLQJV........................................................................6
6a. Gumnuts largeWRFPORQJ%DUNURXJKZLWKFKXQN\ÁDNHVH[FHSWRQVPDOO
EUDQFKHVZKHUHLWLVGHFLGXRXVVPRRWKDQGZKLWH*XPQXWVRIWHQGXOODQGVFDO\
Red BloodwoodCorymbia gummifera
6b. Gumnuts small WR²PP%DUNSHUVLVWHQW\HOORZLVKEURZQURXJK
DQGVKRUWO\ÀEURXV
Brown BloodwooodCorymbia trachyphloia
22
F
STRINGYBARKS AND
FALSE STRINGYBARKS
6WULQJ\DQGÀEURXVEDUN
1a. “Fruit” composed of about 7 gumnuts fused together ...............................9
1b. Gumnuts not fused together ...........................................................................2
2a. BarkEURZQRUJUH\ÀVVXUHGDQGÁDN\EULWWOHDQGDOPRVWpapery²FDQEH
SXOOHGDZD\LQORQJVWULSV Buds without caps. )ORZHUVZLWK5 distinct petals.
*XPQXWVVPDOODQGEHOOVKDSHGWRPP[PP/HDYHVFURZGHGDWHQGRI
EUDQFKHV
Swamp BoxLophostemon suaveolens
2b.%DUNSHUVLVWHQWURXJKÀEURXVVWULQJ\RUVSRQJ\²FDQEHSXOOHGDZD\LQ
ORQJVWULSVFlakes not papery.%XGVZLWKFDSV)ORZHUVW\SLFDORIHXFDO\SWVLH
ZLWKRXWSHWDOV.............................................................................................................3
3a. Leaves darker green above, paler below.......................................................4
3b. Leaves with both sides the same colour .......................................................5
4a. BarkLQFRDUVH soft spongyORQJVODEVDQGGHHSYHUWLFDOIXUURZVrubs
DZD\WRGXVWZLWKQRÀEUHV/HDYHV²FPZLGHRIWHQSRLQWHGHDFKHQG
%XGFDSVORQJDQGEHDNHG*XPQXWVF\OLQGULFDORUYDVHOLNHDQGvalves usually
joined across the opening.3UHIHUVVZDPS\KDELWDWV
Swamp MahoganyEucalyptus robusta
23
F
STRINGYBARKS AND
FALSE STRINGYBARKS (cont.)
6WULQJ\DQGÀEURXVEDUN
4b.$GXOWOHDYHV²FPZLGHGumnuts with valves not joined ..................6
5a. Buds large (2 – 3cm long).%DUNURXJKKDUGÀEURXVDQGVSOLQWHU\FDUHIXORYHU
PRVWRUDOORIWUXQNDQGEUDQFKHVGumnuts ridged and large²FPORQJ
Needle-barked StringybarkEucalyptus
Ne
E
Eucalypt planchoniana
5b. Buds and gumnuts less than 1.5cm long DQGQRWULGJHG ............................. 7
6a. Buds long (about 2cm) and pointed.*XPQXWVZLWK valves much protruding. 6HHGV
EURZQ%DUNJUH\DQGVOLJKWO\IXUURZHGXQGHUEDUNUHGGLVK/HDYHVGDUNJUHHQDERYH
Red StringybarkEucalyptus resinifera
24
F
STRINGYBARKS AND
FALSE STRINGYBARKS (cont.)
6WULQJ\DQGÀEURXVEDUN
6b. Buds less than 1cm long,EOXQWO\SRLQWHGRUURXQGHG*XPQXWVZLWKYDOYHV
DWRUEHORZULPOHYHO....................................................................................................8
7a.%XGVWR²PPORQJGumnuts with stalk; narrow rim./HDIEDVHVPRVWO\
V\PPHWULFDO/HDYHVEOXLVKJuvenile and regrowth leaves to 10cm broad.%DUN
URXJKÀEURXVEXWQRWFRDUVHLQÁDWWLVKVWULSV
Broad-leaved Mahogany (Eucalyptus carnea)
7b.%XGV²PPORQJGumnuts without stalks (or very short stalks); wide
rim; rim bright red when fresh. /HDIEDVHVQRWV\PPHWULFDO$GXOWOHDYHVVLOYHU
JUH\JUHHQRegrowth shoots hairy.%DUNÀEURXVDQGVWULQJ\VKDOORZÀVVXUHV
JUH\RYHUUHGEURZQ
White Stringybark / Tindale’s StringybarkEucalytpus tindaliae
25
F
STRINGYBARKS AND
FALSE STRINGYBARKS (cont.)
6WULQJ\DQGÀEURXVEDUN
8a.%DUNUHGGLVKEURZQDQG\HOORZEURZQXQGHUOuter bark with small circular
swellings with small central holes.%XGVURXQGHGZLWKORQJVOHQGHUVWDONV
*XPQXWVWDSHUHGDWEDVHSeed yellow-brown.
TallowwoodEucalyptus microcorys
8b. 2XWHUEDUNJUH\RU\HOORZLVK,QQHUEDUNEURZQ%XGVRYDODQGEHDNHGRU
SRLQWHG²PPORQJ*XPQXWVDERXWPPZLGHKHPLVSKHULFDOSeed red-brown.
White Mahogany / Yellow StringybarkEucalyptus acmenoides
9a.*XPQXWVIXVHGWRIRUPD compound fruit,²FPDFURVV%DUN
ÀEURXVDQGIXUURZHG/HDYHVJUH\LVKXQGHUQHDWK)ORZHUVLQDKHDGRI²
IXVHGWRJHWKHUKDLU\
TurpentineSyncarpia glomulifera
26
NOTES
NOTES
NOTES
1855-03
30
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