Unit 1 minibook

The Language of Science
The main reason students find it difficult to understand science is because of all the hard to write, spell
and read words. Actually, scientific vocabulary is a mix of small words that are linked together to have
different meanings. If you learn the-meanings of the little words, you'll find scientific vocabulary much
easier to understand.
Word
la or an
I
Meaning
Word
r---
I
Meaning
Inot or non
lhemo
IbloOd
lmeso
/midd!e
/hyper
!above
lendo
!inner, inside
Ihypo
Ibe!ow
I
Ineeding oxygen or air
lintra
Iwithin, inside
jantl
lagainst
litis
Idisease, inflammation
!amphi
Iboth, doubly
Iside
Iwater
,Ilatera!
llogy
lstudyof
Ijoint
Ilys·
!break down
\auto
!self
Imeter
Imeasurement
,Ibi
Itwo, twice, double
lmono
lone, single
!bio
llife, living
Imorph
I
laero
I
.
!aqua
..-:-:­
larthro
I
Icephal
Iform
I
I
I
Ihead
Imicro
Ismail
Ichloro
Igreen
[macro
~ge
!chromo
Icolor
~Iti
lmany
!cide
Ikiller, kill, killing
Ipod
,I foot
\
Icyto
Icell
Iphobia
Idislike, fear
!philia
Ilike
I
!
Iproto
lfirst
J
!
I
I
Iderm
~~
I
,
Iskin
Idi
-Itwo, double
jecto (exo)
louter, external
[photo
,llight
fendo
Iinternal
lpoly
Imany
lepi
/above
!synthesis
Ito make
•
..
I
Igastro
,
Istomach
jsub
jlesser, below
jgenesis
!origin, beginning
~roph
leat, consume
Iplants
Itherm
lheat
jhetero
Idifferent
Itri
jthree
lhomo
IaIlke, similar
[zoo, zoa
!hydro
Iwater
I
r.
. lherba
,
I
,
·~imal
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
J
I
Use the table to guess the meaning of each of the following terms
1. Hydrology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___
2. Cytology _ _ _ _ _ _ _~_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
3. Protozoa ___________________________________________
4. Epidermis _________________________________
5. Spermatogenesis --'--_____________________________
6. Cytoskeleton ______________________________________
7. Abiotic
--C-_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
8. Dermatitis ____________________________________
9. Hypodermic ___________________________________
10. Hemophilia _______________________________
11. Endocystosis ________________________________
12. Insecticide _______________________________
13. Anaerobic ___________________________________
14. Bilateral _____________________-:-_ _ _ _ __
15. Endotherm _______________________________
16. Subspecies ____________________________________
17. Arthropod _____________________________________
18. Micrometer __________________________________
19. Hypothermia __________________________________
Try making your own words from the words on the table
Word
20.
21. Meaning
Name: _____________________
The Scientific Method
Question: When coming from the cafeteria to class, which route is the quickest? ___________
What can you do in order to make sure that your route is the quickest? ________________
YOU PERFORMED THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD!!!
What is the scientific method? It is a
that is used to answer
about the world around us. There are several versions of the scientific method, but what are some of the key components? What is a hypothesis? It is an
based on an observation and your own personal knowledge of the topic. How does the process work? Step 1:
What do you want to know or explain? Use
and inferences to write a
question that you wish to investigate.
But what can you use to pose your
problem?
1.
2.
~
Step 2:
What do you think will happen? This must be in ___ 1
\.
form
Ex:
/'
Step 3:
Some of the key components are:
1.
3.
2.
4. Step4&S:
Does the data
&
or
your hypothesis?
....•.
~ ......
"
-.­
..
'
...
,
... ..
,
,
,
Name .........--;_ _ _r_,·~e==-
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
I
Put the following s1eps of the scientific method in the proper order._~_~
Research the problem.
Observe and record.
Make a hypothesis. Identify the problem. Arrive at a conclusion.
Test the hypothesis.
Match the following terms with the correct definition.
•
l. hypothesis
2. control
3. variable
4. experiment
a) organized process used to
test a hypothesis
b) on educated guess about
the solution to a problem
c) observations and
measurements recorded
during on experiment
5.' conclusion
6. theory
7. data
d) a judgment based on the
results of on experimen~
e) a logical explanation for
events that occur in nature
f) used to show that the result
of on experiment is really
due to the condition being
tested
-9) 1pctorottrotcl:\c;it=\Qes in an
experiment
til
Nwne: ______________________
Period: _____
Can You Spot the Scientific Method?
Each sentence below describes a step of the scientific method. Match each sentence with the step ofthe scientific method
listed below.
A. recognize the problem
B. form a hypothesis
C. test the hypothesis with the experiment
D. draw conclusions
Stephan predicted that the seeds would start to grow faster if an electric current traveled
1.
through the soil in which they were planted. 2
Susan said, "If I fertilize my geranium plants, they will blossom." 3.
Jonathan's data showed that household cockroaches moved away from raw cucumber slices.
4. Rene grew bacteria from the mouth on special plates in the laboratory. She placed drops of
different mouthwashes on bacteria on each plate.
5. Kathy used a survey to determine how many of her classmates were left-handed and how
many were right-handed.
6.
Dana wanted to know how synthetic fibers were different from natural fibers.
7. Jose saw bats catching insects after dark. He asked, "How many bats find the insects in
dark?"
8. _____ Justin wondered if dyes could be taken out of plant leaves, flowers and stems.
9. _______ Arjulia soaked six different kinds of seeds in water for 24 hours. Then she planted the seeds
in soil at a depth of 1 em. She used the swne amount of water, light and heat for each kind of seed.
10. Bob read about growing plants in water. He wanted to know how plants could grow with
soil.
11. Kevin said, "If I grow five seedlings in red light, I think the plants will grow faster than the
five plants in white light"
12.
Angela's experiment proved that earthworms move away from light.
13. Scott said, "If acid rain affects plants in a particular lake, it might affect small animals such
as crayfish, that live in the same water."
14. Michael fed different diets to three groups of guinea pigs. His experiment showed guinea
pigs need vitamin C and protein in their diet
15. Kim's experiment showed that chicken egg shells were stronger when she gave the feed to
which extra calcium had been added.
Date
Name
Scientific Definitions The scientific method uses specific vocabulary related to each step in the process. Match each term in
the word box to its definition.
control
procedure
conclusion
hy.pothesis
experiment
data
variable
theory
'I'
Q) ______--- This is the organized process used to test a hypothesis.
Q) ______--- This is an educated guess about the solution to a problem..
0,) ______--- This refers to the ob~ervations and measurements recorded during an
.._____§~R~rimE;n1!~ .._.._........
,"
Q: ______--- This is a factor that changes in an experiment. Proper procedure calls for.
testing only one of these at a time.
@: ----"T------ This is a set of statements or ideas that explain a group of facts or
phenomena.
Q: _____---- This is the judgment based on the results of an experiment.
OJ _____-_- This
is an individual or a standard used to check or verify the results of
an experiment.
'
Q) '_ ____--- This refers to the series of steps taken in order to carry out an experiment. · "
Name ____________________________________________
__
Date
The Scientific Method ~
Scientists study problems and conduct experiments in a variety of ways. However, all use the ~cientific
method. The scientific method is an organized way to find answers to a problem. Match each phrase
in the word box to an activity that describes it. Then n,umber the descriptions to show the corr~ct
sequence for the scientific method.
.
observe and record
arrive at a conclusion
interpret data
identify the problem
make a hypothesis
test the hypothesis
~----------------------
,I
0
0
0
A group of students discusses what they
believe will be the outcome of an experiment
'
-- --theY-crre"about to-conduct:-E'a-ch-student- --;'--- .... ,
:\
records a statement that will either be
proven or..., .. disproyen
by
the
experiment
.
.
~
Q> -------------------- 'Each'member
of the group carefully watches
as the experiment proceeds. One group
member: writes down the comments of the
group as ,th~y call out what they see.
L,--------,
Q;~ -----..:...----
After the' experiment is c~mp1ete, the group
discusses their observations. They review their
notes a'nd create a graph that shows the results of the experiment. The group discusses what these findings might mean. ~)
Now that the group ha,s decided on a
hypothesis, they are ready to proceed with
the experiment. As they work, the group is
cautious to test only one variable at a time
and to follow all, directions carefully.
~
--------------------­
Q; - - - - - - - - ­
~) ------------------------
"
'
'. o
0
0
The group reviews their notes and the data
they have collected. After a short discussion, " they decide whether or not the original
hypothesis is correct.
"
A science group begins a discussion related to
what they have been studying in class. They
take turns posing questions they still have
about the topic. Together, they decide on an,
experiment they would like to conduct. They
hope the experiment will answer some of the
questions they still have.
'
,
Scientific Processes
5
Name: _____________________________________
Period:
---­
Scientific Method - Milk Lab - Part 1
Background information (Define keywords)
Observation _________________________________
Inference _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
Hypothesis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
Experiment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
Pnx2dure __________________________________
Da~
__________________________________________
Conclusion ________________________________
Lab Materials and Equipment: 2% milk, glass bowl, food coloring, toothpicks, Joy Dish Soap
Equipment
Non-disposable. Kept after experiment is done.
Lab Materials
Disposable. Thrown away after, or cQnsumed in,
the experiment
•
•
•
•
•
l..
•
Procedure (Numbered steps.)
1. Record 2 observations of the glass bowl which contains 2% milk in Data section.
2. Add 2 drops of each color of food coloring to the milk. (refer to diagram) 1'1(\
** Note: be careful not to cause any ripples.
.
fA'o:f" ,
3. Record 2 observations now with food coloring.
J
4. Take a dry toothpick and pierce the center of the milk in quick up and down
motion then record 2 observations.
5. Put one drop of Joy Dish Soap on the end of the same toothpick. Again, pierce
the center of the milk in a quick up and down motion, and record 2 observations.
6. Add more soap to the toothpick and put it in the center of the bowl and hold it
there for 1 minute. Record 2 observations.
Data.
Step
Observation 1
Observation 2
Glass bowl with 2% milk
Glass bowl of milk with food coloring added Dry toothpick piercing milk One drop of dish soap added
to toothpick, then piercing milk
Add more soap, then pierce
milk and hold 1 minute
Scientific Method Questions:
1. What was the Purpose of this Lab? To determine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
2. What is the Independent Variable (variable that is changed)? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
3. What is the Dependent Variable (result or change that occurs due to changes in the
independent variable)? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
4. What is the Control Group (which toothpick is left unchanged)? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
5. Which do you think had a greater effect on the reaction - milk or soap? (circle one)
Conclusion - In paragraph form, summarize what your observations were for the experiment.
Name:
-------------------- Row: -----Date:
-----------
Period:
Identifying Variables Worksheet
For the following experiments, defIne the (IV) independent variable, (DV) dependent
variable, ~ t, .. l,!(.UxLg (~ and (CG) control group.
1) Different rose bushes are grown in a greenhouse for two months. The number of
flowers on each bush is counted at the end of the experiment.
rv __________________________________________
DV ____________________________________
~-----2) You water three sunflower plants with salt water. Each plant receives a different
concentration of salt solutions. A fourth plant receives plll'e water. After a two-week
period, the height is measmed.
IV
-----------------------------------------­
DV
CG ______________________________________
----------------------------------------­
3) Three redwood fl'ees are kept at different hwnidity levels inside a greenhouse for 12
weeks. One tree is left outside in nOlmal conditions. Height of the fl'ee is measmed once
a week.
rv _______________________________________
DV ____________________________________
~'------CG ____________________________________
4) Pea plant clones are giving different amOlUlts of water for a three-week period. First
pea plant receives 400 milliliters a day. The second pea plaut receives 200 milliliters a
day. The third pea plant receives 100 milliliters a day. The f01U1h pea plant does not
receive any extra water; the plant only receives natural ways of receiving water. The
height of pea plants is recorded daily.
IV ________________________________________
DV _____________________________________
.~...--------CG _____________________________________
o Le$son Plans Iuc. 2007·2010
----­
5) One tank of gold fish is fed the nOllnal amount of food once a day, a second tank is fed
twice a day, and a third tank four times a day during a six week study. The fish's weight
is recorded daily.
rv _______________________________________
DV ___________________________________
.CGy
Z...-----­
___________________________________
6) You decide to clean the bathroom. You notice that the shower is covered in a strange
green slime. You decide to fly to get rid of this slime by adding lemonade juice. You
spray half of the shower with lemonade juice and spray the other half of the shower with
water. After 3 days of spraying equal amalmts 3 times a day, there is no change in the
appearance of the green slime all either side of the shower.
rv _______________________________________
DV ___________________________________ CG ___________________________________ 7) You decide to clean your bedroom. You notice that your floor is covered with clothes.
You decide to fly to get rid of the clothes by throwing the clothes into the air. You throw
clothes £i.-om a 1/3 of the room into the doset and a second 113 of the room straight up in
the air. The last 1/3 of the room you leave the dothes on the floor. After 30 minutes of
"cleaning", the floor of the room is now visible.
rv __________________________________________
DV
----------------------------------------­
CG ____________________________________
8) You want to test which size of soccer (football) ball is easiest tojuggle with your feet.
You test a size 3, size 4 and a size 5 balL You Calmt the seconds the ball stays in the air
for each of the trials. You allow yourself to use both ofyow' feet, knees, and head to
juggle the ball.
rv _______________________________________
DV ___________________________________
~---o Lesson Plans Inc. 2007-2010
Name: -----------------------------------------
Period: ____
Identifying Variables and Data Analysis
Experiment 1: Bob wanted to see if fertilizer makes a plant grow bigger. He took 4 plants
that were all the same type and placed them in the same room. He added the following
amounts of fertilizer to each: plant 1 =no fertilizer, plant 2 =2 grams of fertilizer, plant 3 =4
grams of fertilizer, and plant 4 =6 grams of fertilizer. He gave them all the same amount of
water and let them grow for 2 weeks.
1. What was Bob trying to figure out in this experiment?
2. What is the independent variable (the groups or things Bob is comparing in this
experiment)?
.
3. What is the dependent variable (what results/measuring is Bob looking for)?
4. What is the control group (group Bob really didn't change)?
5. What are the constants/controlled variables (what was the same for all groups)?
Experiment 2: Tom wanted to see if sugar dissolves easier in a heated cup of water
compared to a room temperature cup of water. He took 2 equal size cups of water and left
cup 1 alone (roOr'n temperature). but heated cup 2 to 80°F. He then added a teaspoon of
sugar to both cups, stirred them both and timed how long it took for all the sugar to dissolve.
1. What was Tom trying to figure out in this experiment?
2. What is the independent variable (the groups or things Tom is comparing in this
experiment)?
3. What is the dependent variable (what results/measuring is Tom looking for)?
4. What is the control group (group Tom really didn't change)?
5. What are the constants/controlled variables (was the same for all groups)?
Experiment 3: Irene did an experiment and gathered the following results:
Data Table
Amount of VoltaQe (kw)
How fast the motor turns (rpm)
Motors
600
Motor 1
100
650
200
Motor 2
750
300
Motor 3
400
800
Motor 4
1. What is the independent variable in this experiment?
2. What is the dependent variable in this experiment?
3. Trend: What is happening in this experiment?
Experiment 4: Sue conducted an experiment and gathered the following results:
Color of Surfer's Board and Number of Shark Attacks
.E
~
u
~ CD
!ON
g
12
10
8
6
-
"
)
,
nurrber of attacks :
4
2
a
orange
yellow
red
blue
black
color
1. What was Sue trying to figure out from this experiment?
To determine ...
2. What is the independent variable?
3. What is the dependent variable?
4. Trend: What is happening in the graph?
5. What should Sue's conclusion be - give a piece of data to support your answer.
i
1>U1",!?(')se: Create a lab to demonstrate the scientific
method using a simple classic paper airplane.
13.~lI~m:'eh:
You will have to do research and cite the
sources for making the best paper airplane. Each
source must have a sentence descrihing why it is
heingused.
HYl'(')thellis: When you have decided on a plan
(procedure), make a prediction based on the
procedure you have developed to use the paper airplane.
'1v!.~t~fi~~$:
notebook, ruler, paper, pen, paper airplane, set of instructions for construction a paper
airplane.
'Pr(')e~dure:
You need a detailed step by step procedure, and diagrams or pictures should be
included.
'D~t~:
Collected information in the form of a table and bar graph. All graphs and tables should be
labeled.
'DiseUl\lIi(')tr Write two paragraphs analyzing the data you collected; describe anything that
happened during the process. Be sure to include how you could improve your plan. How were
you creative in completing the project? What did you do out of the ordinary?
Condusi(')n: How does the outcome of your experiment support the hypothesis developed? How
does your procedure demonstrate the scientific method? What did you learn?
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(1)
Name:
Physical Science
--------------------
Graphing
Graphs are a means of showing infonnation (data) in a picture. Common graph types include:
Line graph
Pie chart
Bar graph
---- EacbtYpeof-graphis--iii-fj-Sius-efuffor certaIn types
Line graphs shoe a continuous change
Bar graphs compare things
Pie charts show parts of a whole
of data.
No matter which type of graph you need to make, certain rules should be followed.
1. Title your graph-make a title that describes what the graph is showing.
2. Label the axes on a line or bar graph, using units.
3. Make a key for a pie chart and for a line or bar graphs with more than one set of data.
4. Make sure that each measurement goes on each axis with a line or bar chart ........ The X axis (the one that looks like this: ----------) is the independent variable. This is the one which is
changing constantly, or the one which you have control of.
The Y axis (the one that goes up and down) is the dependent variable. It changes depending on the other
variable.
For example, suppose you had data on the number of people riding bikes down your street during the period on
one year. Which depends on which? The number of people on the bikes might decrease depending on the
weather-fewer on cold or rainy days, so more on nice days.
So, time would be the independent variable and goes on the X axis, and the number of bikers is dependent and
goes on the Y axis.
Here are some sample problems.
1. Below is the data on the height of a child over a period of 10 years.
Age
Height (inches)
20
29
34
37
40
43
45
o
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
48
8
50
52
54
9
10
Which type of graph is best to show the data?
line graph
bar graph
pie chart
2. These are the results of a recent physical science quiz.
Number of students
3
2
4
7
2
1
Score
20
18
16
14
12
10
Which type of graph is best to show this data?
line graph
bar graph
pie chart
3. You finally talked you parent into letting you get ajob. All they ask is that you keep good grades and show
what you plan to do with the money you earn. You decide that 40% will be put into long term savings for
college, 25% in a savings account to use to buy birthday and holiday presents for friends and family
memebers, and 35% for spending money for yourself.
Which type of graph is best to show this data?
line graph bar graph
pie chart
Check with you teacher and get the proper type of graph paper for each. For the graph of the child's height, which
variable (height or age) goes on the X axis?
Name Class _ _ _ _ _ __ Date _ _ _ _ __
Deciding Which Type of Graph Is Appropriate
The most commonly used types of graphs are pie charts, line graphs, and bar
graphs. The questions you have about a set of data determine which type of graph
to use.
Suppose you keep track of how many glasses of water you drink every day for
a week At the end of the week, you have a table that lists how many glasses of
water you drank each day. Here are some different ways to display this information:
12
12T
.
10
10
.l!lt'CI
3:
8
0
6
'"41
'"'"
t'CI
Glasses of Water Consumed Each Day ~
4
i3
2
S
M
T
WTh
F
S
Day of the week
S
M
T
W
Th
F
S
Day of the week
Each graph organizes the same data differently. The pie chart clearly shows
what proportion of the week's water you drank each day. The line graph clearly
shows that you generally drank more water toward the end of the week than you
did at the beginning.
Generally, the advantages of each type of graph are as follows:
• Line graphs are useful for understanding general trends in data and for
estimating data between or outside the data points given.
• Bar graphs work well with data in categories. They are also helpful in
understanding trends in data.
• Pie charts are useful for data that represent parts of a total or whole.
Practice
Read each question and write your answers in the spaces provided.
1. What kind of graph would
not be helpful in spotting general trends?
2. If you had forgotten to write down how many glasses of water you drank on
Thursday, what kind of graph would best help you guess?
3. What kind of graph would be most helpful for quickly determining whether
your water intake was the same for two or more days?
Rinehart and Winston. All
Holt Science Spectrum
Introduction to Science
Name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
Class _ _ _ _ _ __
Date
I Science Skills continued
4. Making the Line or Curve
After you hav~ plotted all of your data, examine the points with the help of a
ruler. Do the points look like they should form a straight line? If so, use the
ruler to draw a line through as many points as possible on the graph.
If the points do not appear to form a line, do they look like they should form a
smooth, continuous curve? If they do, carefully draw a smooth curve that
goes through as many of the points as possible. If they do not, draw a curve
that bends as necessary to connect all of the points.
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Number of people
10:00
A.M.
11
11:00
A.M.
23
12:00 (noon)
42
1:00
P.M.
53
2:00
P.M.
47
3:00
P.M.
41
4:00
P.M.
33
5:00
P.M.
42
6:00
P.M.
7:00
P.M.
38
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Time of day
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Rinehart and Winston. All
Holt Science Spectrum
Introduction to Science
Name: _______________________ Date:_____ Period:
Graphing Lab
Purpose: this lab is designed to test your graphing skills
Materials: pencil and ruler
Procedure: use graph paper to plot graphs tor the following problems. Make sure to give your graph
a title. identify and number the X and Y axis. and use the appropriate type of graph.
1. Baby chickens require a constant source of food. As chicks grow, more energy is required for
daily activities. The following table gives the grams of food eaten by a chick over a five day
period:
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i
Number of
days
1
2
3
4
5
Food Eaten
(grams)
1.0
3.2
6.5
10.6
15.4
What type of graph should you make? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
What goes on your X (horizontal axis)? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
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What goes on your Y ( vertical axis)? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
2. A soccer player is trying to keep records of the number of goals he scores. He kept ajournal
of his scores tor seven weeks. The following table is a record of how many goals he scored
during his games over the seven week period.
Week
1
3
4
Number of
goals
1
4
3
6
1
I
What type of graph should you make? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
What goes on your X (horizontal axis)? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
'---__7_ _-----'-___2_ _--' What goes on your Y (vertical axis)? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
Hrs needed
3. You are trying to budget your time for all the events
that you have to do this weekend. Below is a list of
things that you need to do create a graph that will
help you budget your time.
2
3
4
6
I
5
Total hrs 20 To Do
Talk to Friends Listen to Music School Homework Babysit Watch TV Questions:
A. How much grain will the chick eat on the sixth day? _ _ _ _ __
B. How much grain will the chick eat on the seventh day? _ _ _ _ __
C. Why are weeks 2 and 5 not listed? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
O. What is the average number of goals the soccer player made between weeks 4-6?_ _ _ __
Narne __________________________
Quiz: Graphing
Use the data below to answer the questions and make a proper graph.
Table 1: Oxygen intake of sunfish
at different temperatures
I Temperature I
Volume of
!
(OC)
Oxygen (mL)
6
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10
I
21
13
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18 42
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variable in this experiment?
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1. What is the independent
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2. Label your axes properly with
units. Which axis is for the
independent variable?
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3. How many boxes are on the y­
axis?
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4. What is the best increment to
use for each box on the y-axis?
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5. What is the general way to write a title for a line graph?
6. Find the slope of your line.
a. Mark your two points with an X.
b. Label your coordinates with ( . ) on your graph.
c. Label your coordinates (x,. y,) and (X2. Y2) on your graph.
d. Use the slope formula and calculate an answer. Include units. Show work below.
~-Y1
X2 -X1
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N arne __________________________
The data from Table 2 was collected by a marine biologist during an expedition to
Antarctica. Examine the data in Table 1 and answer the questions that follow.
Table 2: Breathing rate of sunfish
I ~emp~rature Breathing rate
°C)
(per minute)
15
25 10
15
20 25 i
38 57
7. What type of graph would best display this data? Why?
8. Graph the data below. Be sure to include all necessary components of a graph.
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Steps for solving Metric Conversion Problems:
1. Write out a bridge.
2. Givens go on the top left, the units what you are solving for go on the top right.
3. Cross out common units.
4. Add l's to the top & bottom of the right side of the bridge.
5. The number lower on the ladder gets zeroes (count off the ladder).
Ladder
kilo­
hectoDeca­
base(grams(g)/liters(L)/meters(m))
deci­
centi­
milli­
6. Multiplyor Divide to solve.
7. Write your answer with the proper units! (NO NAKED NUMBERSI)
The Metric System
The International System of Vnits. 51
"Scientists q/l 2Itouncl the wotlcl use the sqme system of me2lsutement, the Intetn2ltion2l1 System of
Vnits, ot 51.
"Why clo you think it is Impott2lnt th2lt scientists from clif{etent countries use the Sqme
meqsutement system?
Metric Vnits
Quantity
Base Vnit
Abbreviation
metet
gtqm
seconcl
eelsius ot Kelvi n
qmpete
UteI'
mole
Amount of Substance
_
_
_
_ _ _ _ _ to exptess vet"Y_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ot
The 51 system uses
Length
Mqss
Time
Tempetqtute
Electtic cuttent
Volume
- - - - - - - - - numbet"S.
The pt"efixes ofthe 51 system 2Ite b2lsecl upon multiples
Commotl )refixes used for tarde and small amounts Prefix
Symbol
MeaninCl
Multiple ofbase unit
kilo
hecto
h
hunclrecl
100
one
1
Decq
centi
milli
micto
11
millionth
0.000001
n
billionth
0.000000001
We can convert between units ofthe SI system by multiplying ot dividing by powers of ___
Ex4mple: The length ofa football field is 9,144 cm. What is the length ofthe football field in
meters?
9,144 cm
= ?m
9,144~ =~
100
r
9,144 cm + 100 cm
You al"e converting from a smallet unit (cm)
to a lat-get unit (m), so you will divide.
= 91.44 m
Practice Problems
1. 55 kL =_ _ _ _ _ DL
3.
72.6 dm
5. 19.4. mm
2.
0.004.8 mg = _ _ _ _ _ _ g
=_____ m
4.
106 cL =_ _ _ _ _ _ _ kL
=_ _ _ _ _ cm
6. 0.4.5 kilogtams=_ _ _ _ _decigtams
7. 2500 milligtams =_____g
8.
3 centiliters=_ _ _ _ _Decalitets
-------------------­
Name
Metric Mania
Conversion Practice
-
-
Basic
Unit
'.
-
- - _­
..
Try these conversions, using the ladder method.
1000 mg = _ _ _ 9
1 L= _ _ _ mL
160cm= _ _ _ mm
14 km= _ _ _ m
109g= _ _ _ kg
250m= _ _ _ km
Compare using <, >, or -.
56cmO 6m
7g
0
698mg
T. Trimpe 2000 http://sdencespot.net/
Metric Mania
-------------------­
Name
Conversion Challenge
WrIte the correct abbreviation for each metric unit.
1) Kilogram
4) Milliliter _
7) Kilometer _ _
2) Meter
5) Millimeter _ _
8) Centimeter _ _
3) Gram
6) Liter _ _
9) Milligram _ _
Try these conversions, using the ladder method.
1) 2000mg=
9
2) 104 km= _ _ _
m
3) 4BOcm= _ _ m
4) 5.6 kg
= ----'-_ 9
5) Bmm= ___ cm
6) 5L=
mL
11) 16cm= _ _ _ mm
= ___ km
7) 198 9 :; _ _ _ kg
12) 2500 m
B) 75mL= _ _ L
13) 65 9 = _ _ mg
9) 50cm= _ _ m
14) 6.3cm = _ _ mm
10) 5.6 m = _ _ cm
15) 120 mg
=_ _ g
Compare using <, >, or =.
16) 63 em
0
19) 536 em
0
0
6m
17) 5g
53.6 dm
20) 43mg
50Bmg
0
5g
T. Trimpe 2000 http://sciencespot.net/
1B) 1,500 mL
21) 3.6 m
0
0
1.5 L
36 em
Name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
Date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
CHAPTER 2
Another Way
.... , - , .. .....
"
-
15/
/~
The diagrams belo"'''- show how metric units are based on units of
ten. \Vrite the correct units on the lines to complete each diagram.
Use the units listed in the box.
Length
centiiiter
gram
Kilogram
milligram
milliliter
decime:er
:r----::;I........ Volume
e
"
<Il
u..
<Il
.c
c
G
>­
.c
~:
'§,
>­
c.
c
U
kiloliter
liter
hectome~;:;,
Name________~_________
The Long and Short of It
Weight. length, area and volume are properties of matter that scientists car I
measure. Scientists use the units of grams, meters and liters to measure these
properties.
Write the abbreviation for each of these units of measurement.
Unit of Measure
i
Abbreviation
gram
kilogram
milligram
meter
kilometer
centimeter
millimeter
square centimeters
cubic centimeters
liter
milliliter
WORD BANK
g
mm
Earth Science IF8755
kg
cm 2
mg
cm 3
3
m
I
km
ml
cm
© 1991 Instructional Fair. Inc.
Name
"~asurin2
and
M~trics
Activity Part I: Measure the following lines. Make sure that your measurements are recorded in ..:m.
\1easurement:
.~~~-,
Line A
4':'1 Convert em to mm:
Line 13
-4 Cunvert em to m:
\kasurcment:
Measurement:
-.A- Convert em to km:
~kConvert cm to m
-----::A Convert em to mm:
Line C
Part 2: Using a meter stick. measure the length and width of the classroom. Make sure
that your measurements are recorded in m.
Width of the classroom:
Convert into km:
-----~-
Length of the classroom:
Convert into mm:
Part 3: Measure the amount of liquid in each of the 5 graduated cylinders. Make sure
that your measurements are recorded in mL
C 'Iinder #1 i C lim,ler #2
II:
i
Measurt::ment
of I!aeh
cylinder
,
j
Cvlinder #3
C linder #4
Cvlinder #5
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COIl'vt!rt ml
into I
\
\
Convert ml
into kl
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I'art 4: Measure the mass or the object that is silting in front of the triple beam balance.
\take sure
~our
measurements are r\.'Corded in g.
L-----+I- ~1oY\re..I
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Mc:.tSuremcnt
lIr each ohjcct
'
Paper Clip
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Convert g
----k------ r - - - - - - - -__ !
mto g
~----:--
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Convert g
into mg
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Part 5: Measure the temperature of the water in the two beakers. Make sure that your
measurements are recorded in °C.
Beaker#l: ______________________
Beaker #2:
Follow up questions:
I. What instrument is used to measure liquid volume?
") What is the metric unit of length?
J. What metric unit would you use to measure a swimming pool?
4. What instrument would you use to measure the weight of a eM?
5. What is the metric unit for temperature?
6.
What are the J
b.
'.
ase umls In the metric
system?