Complete Catalogue Printable PDF
Transcription
Complete Catalogue Printable PDF
North Green Snowdrops 2 0 1 6 CATALO G U E -1- North Green Snowdrops 2016 Established 1984 North Green Only, Stoven, Beccles, NR34 8DG. Great Britain. ©John Morley 2016 ************ This catalogue is valid until 1st April 2016 and cancels all previous lists. As there are never enough snowdrops to meet the demand, especially of the recently named cultivars, please place your order as soon as possible after receipt of your catalogue. We regret we are no longer able to offer customers the option of "alternatives" as this causes problems, which are very time consuming to sort out. Although there is no short list in this year's catalogue several of the snowdrop varieties on offer are restricted to strictly one bulb per customer. However, despite these measures, we are afraid that every year there are customers who will be disappointed at not receiving their order in full. We sell best quality snowdrop bulbs ''in the green'' dispatched after flowering in March/April or sometimes earlier. Plants supplied are believed to be correctly named. -2Cash with order: Credit/Debit card (see order form) or ''limited cheque'' (i.e. instead of filling in the exact amount on your cheque, write between crossed lines ''Amount not to exceed...'' followed by the maximum amount of your order including the cost of postage and packing). We very much regret that we are no longer able to accept cheques made out for the full amount and orders accompanied with cheques made out in full will regretfully be returned. Please add £4.50 to all orders towards the cost of First Class postage and packing (EU and Europe add £9.50). Cheques should be made payable to North Green Snowdrops. You will be sent a detailed account and receipt. Please use the order form and print your name and address clearly. Please note that orders will be dealt with in strict rotation and may be delayed if these instructions are not followed. Please note that there is no telephone number for North Green Snowdrops. Snowdrops. The much acclaimed and indispensable monograph of cultivated galanthus by Matt Bishop, Aaron Davis and John Grimshaw has been reprinted and is available from the RHS book shop or by post via www.rhs.org.uk Daffodil, Snowdrop and Tulip Yearbook 2015. Published in association with the Royal Horticultural Society at £11.95. This authoritative, illustrated annual includes a very significant coverage of snowdrops. Available as a special offer to snowdrop enthusiasts for £9.25 from Mr J. Gibson, Dept. NG, 14 Waverley Road, Kettering. NN15 6NT cheques made payable to the Royal Horticultural Society or €15. We highly recommend this publication. -3Back issues of our snowdrop catalogues together with second-hand and antiquarian gardening and botanical books, including the rare Stern monograph, are available from Besley's Books. Tel. 01502 675649. Limited edition prints of the original cover paintings from our previous catalogues are published by Dot Rouge Ltd. This series of signed and numbered prints has been produced using archival materials and the very latest printing technology resulting in amazing quality and stunning colour reproduction. www.dotrouge.co.uk email [email protected] Tel: 01223 290595. Snowdrops like to grow in fairly deep, well-drained friable soil in sun or light shade. When planting, a good dusting of bone meal and a handful of extra coarse sharp sand around each bulb will help to keep away disease. If snowdrops are left undisturbed for too long they could begin to "go back" which means fewer bulbs will flower and they could be more prone to disease. In some cases, the whole clump may die out. They should therefore be lifted about every three years. More frequent lifting is recommended where there is no sign of increase. Clumps should be carefully teased apart and replanted. A surface dressing of bone meal should be given in early autumn and a thin mulch of garden or mushroom compost applied in December will help improve the look of the flowers. One of the great pleasures in gardening is viewing snowdrops on a warm day in winter; the sun at this time of year is very low in the sky and can be blindingly bright. Remember therefore to plant your snowdrops so that you can look at them with the sun behind you. -4We are most grateful to Jim Almond, Matt Bishop, Ian Christie, Brian Ellis, Eric Fisher, Doug Joyce, David King, Cyril Lafong, Rod and Jane Leeds, Marianne Majerus, The National Collection of Margaret and David MacLennan and Wol and Sue Staines for all their help and for generously allowing us to use their lovely photographs. A very big thank you to Steve Edwards who has again designed the beautiful cover, Matt Bishop for proof reading and much good advice and Rosie Steele for all her wonderful and invaluable help with our catalogue over many years. ************ "For, lo, the winter is past, the rain is over and gone; the flowers appear on the earth; the time of the singing of birds is come." Song of Solomon. ************ Front Cover: G. nivalis 'La Bohème'. See p.43. Back Cover: G. 'Green Comet'. See p.32. -51. Series Galanthus: leaves greyish (semi-glaucous or glaucescent), flat against each other with their margins either flat (applanate), or folded or rolled back (explicative or revolute). These species are mainly confined to Europe. G. nivalis: the Common Snowdrop naturalised in many parts of Britain and native to much of Europe. The leaves are flat against each other (applanate) at the base and the edges are flat or almost so. We offer the following forms: 'Anglesey Abbey': this snowdrop was found by Graham Thomas at Anglesey Abbey. The flowers show a strong tendency to "poculiform" which means that the inner segments have little or no green shading on them and are of a similar length to the outer ones, giving the whole flower a remarkably white appearance against the strong green leaves. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.84) £10.00 'Art Nouveau': a delightful long-flowered, green-tipped snowdrop. The segments are almost equal in length with a good inner green marking. The flowers are supported on magnificent arching shepherd's crook-like spathes. An outstanding snowdrop from the same provenance as G. nivalis Poculiformis Group 'Angelique': a treasured gift from Alan Street. £30.00 'Blewbury Tart': a delightful, rather upright snowdrop found by Alan Street in Blewbury, Oxfordshire. The outward facing flowers hover like little green tartlets above the leaves. Curious but by no means without great charm. See illustration p.49. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.120) £12.50 -6'Chatterbox': an enchanting snowdrop offered here in our main list for the first time. When in a clump the relatively small flowers all face each other as if in a conversation and show an abundance of orangeyellow pollen when mature. The conspicuously long ovary is the same length as the inner segments which are marked with two small green triangles on either side of the sinus notch. See illustration p.7. £75.00 'Cinderella': a charming, small inverse poculiform snowdrop (where the outer segments are shaped and marked like inner segments) with a very dainty green-tipped flower reminding us of G.nivalis 'Fée Clochette' although somewhat smaller in stature. Found growing in woodland near Dundee by Ian Christie and originally named G.nivalis 'Tinkerbell'; a name already found to be in use and changed thenceforth! See illustration p.7. £90.00 'Dumpy Green': a very beautiful virescent selection, not dissimilar to G. nivalis 'Prague Spring' (see below), but with a more rounded flower, a more 'dumpy' appearance and without the two diffuse marks on the inner segment. A late-flowering snowdrop of great quality. See illustration p.8. £50.00 'Cornwood': amongst the green tipped snowdrops with apical markings this is conspicuous as a plant of great quality and one that flowers earlier than the others of this group. £15.00 'Flocon de Neige': one of the most beguiling double-flowered snowdrops. Perfectly symmetrical flowers with six equally spaced, all-white outer segments. Quite enchanting and most memorable, especially when fully opened. Much loved at North Green. See illustration p.11. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.114) £40.00 -7- G. nivalis 'Chatterbox' (see page 6) G. nivalis 'Cinderella' (see page 6) -8- G. nivalis 'Dumpy Green' (see page 6) G. nivalis Poculiformis Group 'Annielle' (see page 9) -9'Haddon's Tiny': under this name we grow a delightful and consistently small snowdrop with very narrow leaves. Growing at a height of only 7-8cms this diminutive snowdrop would be particularly suitable for planting in a trough or sink. Our stock came originally from the late Netta Statham who obtained it from Norman Haddon. £12.50 Poculiformis Group 'Angelique', P.C. (2007): introduced by Mark Brown from the garden of Gloria and Yves Lebellegard and named after their late daughter. One of the Poculiformis Group of snowdrops all of which have inner and outer segments of more or less equal length. This cultivar has evenly elongated inner segments showing two distinct deep-green dots. A delightful mid-season snowdrop. (Snowdrops, ( 2001) p.100) £15.00 Poculiformis Group 'Annielle': a superb poculiform snowdrop, found by Cyril Lafong, needing time to settle before showing its truly wonderful qualities. See illustration p.8. £90.00 'Prague Spring': one of our selected seedlings from seed originating in the wood of a friend in Prague. A wonderful virescent flower with two diffuse marks at the base of the inner segment. It was named to celebrate 'The Prague Spring'. Later flowering but still earlier than G. nivalis 'Dumpy Green'. A very desirable and beautiful snowdrop. See illustration p.11. £45.00 - 10 Sandersii Group 'Chatton': a very fine member of the golden Sandersii Group with the usual yellow ovary and markings on the inner segments but distinct from the others in that it reliably forms a handsome clump. This snowdrop is an exceptionally good doer! £75.00 'Sibbertoft White': ''a very lovely little all white snowdrop. This charming albino can occasionally produce two very pale green dots on the inner segment. Originally from the garden of Sibbertoft Manor and distributed by Richard Nutt. '' as described in the catalogue of North Green Snowdrops in 1998 when this snowdrop was first offered. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.97) £17.50 G. reginae-olgae: the first snowdrop to flower, usually in October or November, and often before the leaves appear. The leaves show a characteristic silver stripe down the centre. Prefers a sunny position. G. reginae-olgae subsp. vernalis: the spring flowering subspecies of the above. We offer the following selection: 'Blue Peter': this very floriferous snowdrop is remarkable for the contrast between the very upright scapes, bearing long pointed flowers and the leaves which lie flat on the ground at flowering time. These dark blue-green leaves with a very strong silver-blue stripe give an astonishing overall blueness to this plant, making it the bluestleaved snowdrop we know. The marking on the inner segment reminds us of the perfect "Chinese Bridge" mark of G. 'Straffan'. One bulb per customer. See illustration p.12. £45.00 - 11 - G. nivalis 'Flocon de Neige' (see page 6) G. nivalis 'Prague Spring' (see page 9) - 12 - G. reginae-olgae subsp. vernalis 'Blue Peter' (see page 10) G. plicatus 'Diggory' (see page 13) - 13 G. plicatus: a vigorous and variable species. The leaves have a prominent central channel and their edges are strongly folded or turned under (plicate). The markings on the inner segments are extremely variable. We offer the following forms: 'Augustus': it is to the late Mrs Amy Doncaster and her very good eye for spotting a good garden plant that we are indebted for this lovely G. plicatus seedling. A robust, somewhat dumpy plant. Attractive very wide leaves with a distinct broad silver channel. Later flowering with large rounded flowers. Increases well. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.152) £8.50 'Baxendale's Late': a reliably late-flowering G. plicatus which blooms at the end of the season when most other snowdrops have finished. A fairly vigorous plant of good substance to extend the season. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.142) £5.00 'Bill Clark': another of the beautiful yellows from Wandlebury Ring, Cambridge. Together with G. plicatus 'Wandlebury Ring', this distinct snowdrop is taller than G. plicatus 'Wendy's Gold'. It was named after the Warden, Bill Clark. The outer segments of the nicely shaped flowers elegantly taper to a point and the inner segment marking is an almost perfect solid yellow circle with a small notch over the sinus. A lovely and very desirable snowdrop. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.160) £30.00 'Diggory' A.M. (2009): perennially one of the most desirable of all snowdrops. The outer segments remain tucked under, even as the flower matures and expands, giving this snowdrop its unique and instantly recognisable shape. From Rosie Steele. See illustration p.12. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.147) £30.00 - 14 'E. A. Bowles' A.M.(2012): unique among snowdrops this is the first known poculiform G. plicatus, discovered by Michael Myers in the garden of the late E. A. Bowles at Myddelton House and named after him. Above the broad, upright, glaucous-green leaves is the crowning glory of this magnificent snowdrop: a large, full flower with six pure white, immaculate segments all of equal length. An outstanding garden plant. See illustration p.15. £55.00 'Eric Fisher': a stunning large 4×4 found by Eric Fisher in the garden here at North Green in 2010. Certainly a very large G. plicatus with long, broad leaves, reliably producing flowers with four generous outer segments and a good green bold marking on the inner segments. See illustration p.15. £90.00 'Faith Stewart-Liberty': large, strongly ridged, widely spreading outer segments and a mid-green inner segment marking, darkening towards the tip. Found by Mark Brown in a Buckinghamshire garden in the early 1980s and named after the owner. A highly desirable snowdrop. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.153) £35.00 'Richard Nutt': this late-flowering snowdrop was especially chosen by Margaret Owen to commemorate and celebrate the name of an old friend and one of the greatest galanthophiles of the latter half of the twentieth century. A lovely selected clone with all the natural beauty and vigour of the species, introduced into cultivation by the late Richard Nutt and originally found growing near Lake Abant in Turkey many years ago. A freely clumping habit: always one of Margaret's first considerations for a really good snowdrop, though often neglected by others, makes this historic snowdrop so desirable. £30.00 - 15 - G. plicatus 'E.A Bowles' (see page 14) G. plicatus 'Eric Fisher' (see page 14) - 16 - G. plicatus 'Three Ship's' (see page 17) G. plicatus 'Trymlet' (see page 17) G. elwesii 'Deerslot' (see page 19) - 17 'Three Ships' A.M. (2008): a most beautiful early-flowering selection which, in the garden here, never fails to "come sailing by on Christmas day"! It was found growing in deep leaf litter under an old cork oak in the former garden of Henham Hall, Suffolk in the 1980s. The house was demolished in the 1950s and the garden is now part of a field, although we believe the cork oak remains. See illustration p.16. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.151) £15.00 'Trymlet': selected from seedlings of G. plicatus 'Trym' by the late Kathleen Beddington and named by Sue and Wol Staines. Both the inner and outer segments have beautiful pale-green markings. A much coveted snowdrop. See illustration p.16. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.163) £35.00 'Vera Trum': exceedingly wide Veratrum-like leaves with very upright scapes bearing large puckered flowers. The inner segments are similar to those of G. plicatus 'Three Ships' which is not surprising as they were found growing only a few feet apart. A plant of quality. One bulb per customer. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.151) £35.00 'Walker, Canada': there is a touch of mystery about this rather special snowdrop from the garden of the late Richard Nutt. The wellproportioned flower has an X-shaped mark on the inner segment curiously broader towards the long, narrow conical ovary. The flower is born above plicate leaves on a short scape which slowly lengthens as the season progresses, resulting in a large, distinct and eye catching snowdrop. This is, in our opinion, the best snowdrop inherited from the Richard Nutt legacy from his garden at Great Barfield and has been very much admired by all his friends. - 18 A nearby faded and barely legible label with the name "Walker, Canada" is all that is known about this lovely snowdrop. One bulb per customer. £40.00 'Wendy's Gold' A.M. (1966): perhaps the most vigorous 'yellow' snowdrop. A fine flower with a striking golden ovary and the largest yellow marking on the inner segment, of all the yellow snowdrops. The degree of yellowness may sometimes vary to a pleasing yellowish lime-green. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.159) £15.00 2. Series Latifolii: leaves emerging either flat against each other (applanate), or with the outer leaf rolled or wrapped round the inner leaf (supervolute or convolute). Where flat (applanate) leaves either grey (glaucous) or green, rarely in-between. The species in this series are found mainly in Turkey and the Caucasus and are divided into two Subseries. 2a Subseries Glaucaefolii: leaves grey. G. elwesii: an extremely variable species with grey leaves, hooded at the top and rolled or wrapped around each other at the base (supervolute or convolute). This species now encompasses plants grown for many years in gardens as G. caucasicus (sic.). We offer the following forms: - 19 'Brian Mathew' (syn. G127): an original selection from Brian Mathew, given to Ray Cobb who later, with his approval named it after him. A fine plant of good substance with large shapely flowers on relatively short scapes and especially upright, strong blue-grey leaves. The widely spaced outer segments allow the almost entire green inner segment markings to be seen even when the flower is closed. A most lovely plant albeit slow to increase. First offered by North Green Snowdrops in 2008. See illustration p.22. £30.00 'Cedric's Prolific': originally from the garden of the late Cedric Morris at Benton End and grown for many years by Beth Chatto to whom we are grateful for our stock. A remarkably distinct snowdrop with leaves that end in an acute point. The flower has green tips and a long, narrow, deep green V-shaped mark. A prolific snowdrop in every way and an excellent plant for colonizing larger areas. Choice. £8.50 'Deer Slot': a much coveted snowdrop originally from the garden of the late Primrose Warburg and somewhat eccentric in that the deer slot mark only appears on one of the inner segments and only when the bulb is fully matured. The remaining segments have U-shaped to heart-shaped markings in a rich deep green. A rare collector's item and a stunning snowdrop even when it is not ''slotting''. This snowdrop does not respond well to twin-scaling. One bulb per customer. See illustration p.16. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.173) £40.00 - 20 'Gabriel': a December-flowering snowdrop. Large well-shaped flowers, somewhat claw-like but opening upwards with warmth to form angelic wings. The single strong, green inner segment marking reminds us of G. elwesii 'Mrs Macnamara'. An outstanding clone which occasionally produces two scapes. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.174) £15.00 'Galadriel': we are most grateful to Beth Chatto for this very fine, later-flowering snowdrop. Stately flowers with a unique strong green Y-mark extending halfway along the inner segment shading to a bright yellowish-green towards the tail of the Y. The leaves are distinctly pointed reminding us, somewhat, of G. elwesii 'Cedric's Prolific' to which it is most probably related. A quite outstanding snowdrop of real quality. . £17.50 'Godfrey Owen' F.C.C. (2011): this outstanding snowdrop has been described as one of the most distinct snowdrop discoveries of recent times. It is remarkable in that it has a double row of outer and inner segments. When fully opened the symmetrical arrangement of the six outer segments is exquisite. Found by the late Margaret Owen in the mid 1990s and named after her late husband. See illustration p.25. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.205) £25.00 'Green Eyes': of all the green-leaved cultivars this highly desirable and outstanding snowdrop is considered to be, by far, the best. The large elegantly shaped flowers on tall straight stems are held well above the arching leaves. The usual green, V-shaped marking on the inner segment is accompanied by two large, round, very distinct green eyes. Another covetable treasure from Anglesey Abbey. One bulb per costomer. See illustration p.21. £90.00 - 21 - G. elwesii 'Jubilee Green' (see page 24) G. elwesii 'Green Eyes' (see page 20) - 22 - G. elwesii 'Brian Mathew' (see page 19) G. elwesii 'Jonathan' (see page 23) - 23 Hiemalis Group 'Dorothy Foreman': a very desirable Decemberflowering snowdrop with shallow 'horizontal' outer segments. The first known green leaved hiemalis! Named after David Foreman's late mother. £45.00 'Jessica': one of the fine green-tipped snowdrops found by Phil Cornish and named after his wife. Convergent heavy green lines on the outer segments and strong X-shaped markings on the inner segments. The smooth textured flowers are held well above the bold arching leaves. See illustration p.53. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.191) £10.00 'John Tomlinson': a fine large flowered G. elwesii with a broad, olive-green, heart-shaped marking on the inner segment and matching green tips on the outer segments. A plant of some quality flowering from New Year onwards. One bulb per customer. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.175) £22.50 'Jonathan': only limited information about this exceptional snowdrop was available when the great monograph 'Snowdrops' was written in which it was, unfortunately, only briefly mentioned underneath the description for G. elwesii 'Grumpy'. Unlike G. elwesii 'Grumpy' the outer segments have green tips and the basal markings on the inner segments are fused rather than separate, but the apical heart-shaped marking is similar. However, the great glory of this snowdrop is that the usual white of the inner segments is transformed into a magnificent, golden-orange glow. This splendid snowdrop may need to be well settled before these characteristics appear. It was found in North Yorkshire by Michael Myers in 2000. See illustration p.22. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.202) £25.00 - 24 'Jubilee Green': found in the garden here at North Green this snowdrop is distinct in having leaves of a striking lettuce-green. The flower has a well defined X-shaped marking. 'Jubilee Green' was named to commemorate twenty five years of North Green Snowdrops. See illustration p.21. £35.00 'Louise Ann Bromley': an earlyish flowering G. elwesii hybrid with tall glaucous leaves and a very large, substantial flower (the record holder for the largest flower in any snowdrop; the outer segment can measure 50mm!). The inner segment has a wide bridge-shaped mark. A very desirable and much admired plant from the garden of David Bromley and named after his late sister. See illustration p.50. £22.50 'Margaret Owen': Margaret herself with her usual eagle-eye and ever exacting criteria for an outstanding plant, homed-in on a stand of this fine snowdrop during a visit to Ray Cobb's Nottinghamshire garden. It was considered to be a seedling from the nearby clump of G. elwesii 'Brian Mathew' which has a similar inner segment marking with little or no sinus notch and a large very pronounced V- shaped green mark. However the most wonderful defining attribute of this mid to late-flowering snowdrop is that it looks magnificent in a clump and it was much admired and coveted by all who attended the farewell party for Margaret at ''The Patch'', when it was in full bloom. One bulb per customer. See illustration p.25. £75.00 - 25 - G. elwesii 'Godfrey Owen' (see page 20) G. 'Margaret Owen' (see page 24) G. 'Margaret Owen' (see page 24) - 26 - G. elwesii 'Mrs Macnamara' (see page 27) G. elwesii Miss Nancy Lindsay's collected form (see page 27 G. elwesii 'Remember, Remember' (see page 27) - 27 Miss Nancy Lindsay's collected form: we are most grateful to Chris Brickell for this historical plant with a very special provenance. With her remarkable eye for a perfect plant this snowdrop was collected by Miss Nancy Lindsay in Turkey many years ago and given by her, to Chris Brickell and affectionately referred to here, at North Green, as 'Miss Lindsay's Gift'. This is a most wonderful snowdrop: extremely vigorous, tall and very upright with all the magic of an original species. There is a very good photograph of a similar plant growing in Primrose Warburg's garden in Snowdrops, (2001) p35 plate 21. (Prmrose Warburg was Miss Nancy Lindsay's plant executor). Limited stock. See illustration p.26. £50.00 'Mrs Macnamara' (syn. 'Milkwood'): this excellent, early-flowering snowdrop originated from the mother-in-law of Dylan Thomas: Mrs Macnamara (please note correct spelling). A tall, stately plant flowering in December when there are few other large snowdrops in bloom. This is the favourite of all our early-flowering cultivars at North Green. Outstanding. See illustration p.26. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.177) £12.50 'Remember, Remember' (syn. 'November Merlin'): our beautiful November-flowering snowdrop probably derived from one of the Hiemalis Group with a deeply green shaded inner segment reminding us of G. 'Merlin'. Often in flower by the 5th November. This snowdrop can be somewhat top heavy, therefore best suited to a sheltered position in full sun. See illustration p.26. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.192) £35.00 'Rev. Hailstone': a large and robust early-flowering hybrid with exceptionally long flowers. The outer segments are particularly - 28 narrow and about twice the length of the inner segments which have distinct pale-green, V-shaped markings. A rather special snowdrop originating from Anglesey Abbey. £17.50 'Selborne Green Tips': this delightful, early-January flowering, snowdrop was found over thirty years ago by the late David and Ruby Baker in the village of Selborne, Hampshire, but is still a surprisingly rare plant. The outer segment is green tipped and there are two separate bold green markings on the inner segment. With regular division and good cultivation this snowdrop will reliably produce two perfectly formed flowers from a single scape. The bulbs you receive from us may not show two heads, having only just been divided. As usual patience is required! (Snowdrops, (2001) p.198) £15.00 'Sickle': a stunning, tall plant with broad arching leaves and spathe that give this snowdrop its name. Disproportionately long outer segments that rise up in warmth to show the unique inner segment markings. Slow to increase but a snowdrop of refined beauty. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.189) £15.00 'White Perfection': this is a perfect example of a Poculiform Group snowdrop, growing to 15cm tall with very beautifully rounded flowers. Unlike some other poculiform G. elwesii, 'White Perfection' remains beautifully upright and, as a clump, will increase slowly. £45.00 'Yvonne Hay' (syn. G. elwesii 'Maximus'): we are grateful to the late Harry Hay for this lovely snowdrop of huge proportions, which originated in his garden at Margery Hall Pig Farm, Surrey and which he later named after his wife. The flowers are described as being ''of - 29 respectable dimensions''; Aaron Davis, described it as a ''Monster''. It has very broad leaves and huge bulbs which do not respond well to twin scaling. In a warm room the outer segments rise up and reveal a large and perfect inverted heart-shaped mark on the inner segments. A very distinct snowdrop. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.190). £30.00 G. woronowii: broad glossy-green leaves emerging with outer leaf rolled or wrapped around the inner leaf (supervolute or convolute), often forming large clumps. Inner segment with single marking towards the apex which is distinctly smaller than that of G.ikariae. Flowering in main season. We offer the following form: 'Elizabeth Harrison' A.M. (2012): Ian Christie's newly discovered and already much talked about snowdrop from Scotland. This is the first ever G. woronowii to be found with distinctly yellow marked flowers and in 2011 realised the highest price then recorded for a snowdrop! One bulb per customer. See illustration p.35. £90.00 Hybrids - Single 'Benhall Beauty' (×valentinei): we are most grateful to the late Mrs Amy Doncaster for this most beautiful snowdrop. Originally one of two seedlings from the garden of "Jock" Gray at Benhall, Saxmundham, Suffolk and named by E.A.Bowles, who was a close friend. The other snowdrop 'Benhall Seedling' may no longer be in cultivation. In his book, "Seven Gardens or Sixty Years of Gardening", E.B.Anderson gives the history of these two snowdrops together with G. 'John Gray' and G. 'Mighty Atom'. A superb and very desirable plant. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.250) £12.00 - 30 'Cliff Curtis': this snowdrop has a very rounded flower with a delightful and delicate scent. The deep claw-shaped outer segment has particularly pronounced shoulders whilst the inner segment is deeply grooved with a large sinus notch and 'tear-drop' mark on either side and very pale shading to the base. The snowdrop looks wonderful in a clump. A lovely selection from the garden of Cliff Curtis and was named in 2003. Late-flowering. See illustration p.50. £30.00 'Cowhouse Green' (×valentinei): a tallish, virescent snowdrop with pale green shading on the outer segments and lovely soft diffuse markings to the inner segments. We are grateful to Mark Brown for this charming snowdrop. Requires careful cultivation. One bulb per customer. See illustration p.35. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.276) £25.00 'Curly' (×valentinei): an intriguing hybrid found in the early 1960s by Richard Nutt and Herbert Ransom in the garden at Hyde Lodge, Gloucestershire. The narrow leaves are unique in that they are strongly re-curved on first appearing and remain so giving this beautiful snowdrop its name. The very fragrant, green-tipped flowers have a particularly fine X-shaped mark with paler shading to the base. Late-flowering. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.277) £8.50 'Ding Dong': a fine upstanding late January-flowering snowdrop with distinctively long, very slender outer segments; claw-like towards the tip. The two-tone inner segment markings and ovary are of a similar olive-green. This snowdrop can produce three wide glaucous leaves when well grown and often two scapes. Named by Alan Street of Avon Bulbs. See illustration p.46. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.251) £18.50 - 31 'Dodo Norton' (×valentinei): a diminutive hybrid which measures no more than 8.5cm high; a very dwarf G. 'Mighty Atom' derivative with shouldered outer segments. Discovered in the famous ditch at East Lambrook Manor (the home and garden of the late Margery Fish in the 1950s) and named after the wife of a previous owner. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.231) £20.00 'Early to Rize': discovered in the garden here at North Green. From the characteristics of its leaves, this snowdrop is possibly a hybrid of G. elwesii Hiemalis Group and G. rizehensis. This fine snowdrop is conspicuous for its early-flowering which consistently starts well before Christmas and continues into the New Year. See illustration p.35. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.244) £30.00 'Fieldgate Fugue': found growing amongst a clump of G. 'John Gray', by Colin Mason, in his Warwickshire garden. This snowdrop reminds us somewhat of G. 'John Gray' but has a proportionately larger ovary, a chubbier flower and is generally of more substance. A beautiful snowdrop. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.159) £22.50 'Fieldgate Superb' (syn. 'Fieldgate B'): first offered for sale in our 1996 catalogue. A most lovely G.plicatus hybrid from Colin Mason with a large well proportioned flower of good weight and substance. Late flowering and usually with double scapes. See illustration p 36. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.252) £25.00 - 32 'Glenchantress': the large flowers of this bewitching snowdrop have six strong lines towards the apex of the outer segments and the inner segments are of a startling dense-green colour. From Sue and Wol Staines, Glenchantry. See illustration p.36. £55.00 'Green Arrow' (×valentinei): a tall upright flowering snowdrop that emerges, remarkably like an arrow, out of the soil in late spring. The flower is somewhat stocky with a proportionately large ovary on a very short pedicel. £15.00 'Green Comet': a huge snowdrop and probably one of the very finest to have originated in the garden at North Green. It was found growing close to a clump of G. elwesii 'Comet' and G. ×allenii; G. elwesii 'Jubilee Green' was not far away. This stately snowdrop with a large weighty flower resembling G. elwesii 'Comet', is held by a particularly long pedicel well above the strikingly tall, usually three, lettuce green leaves. Unlike G. elwesii 'Comet' it does not have green markings on the outer segments. One bulb per customer. See illustration p.35 and back cover. £50.00 Green-leaved hybrid ex R. D. Nutt: under this name is grown an apple-green-leaved snowdrop considered to be an hybrid between G. woronowii and G. rizehensis that was introduced by the late Richard Nutt from Hopa in N. E. Turkey. This is a very desirable rarity and of great botanical interest: first offered in our 2015 catalogue. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.245) £55.00 - 33 'Green of Hearts': this stunningly beautiful snowdrop occurred in the garden here in the late 1990s and closely resembles our Award of Merit G. 'Trumps'. The darker green and more obviously heartshaped markings on the outer segments and the overall substance of the flowers (reminding us of G. 'Anne of Geierstein') dispell any confusion between this and G. 'Trumps'. A rare, highly refined and scarce snowdrop which we have only offered in our catalogue once before. One bulb per customer. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.282) £65.00 'Hobson's Choice' (×valentinei): a robust, vigorous selection and probably an hybrid between G. plicatus and G. nivalis. Found in the grounds of Anglesey Abbey by Richard Ayres. A good snowdrop. £10.00 'John Gray' F.C.C. (1996): a very beautiful early snowdrop The flowers are about 40mm long, strongly marked with green on their inner segments. E.B. Anderson in his book ''Seven Gardens'' tells of visiting the garden of the late ''Jock'' Gray of Benhall, Saxmundham '' I found two wood labels marked XXX against the remains of snowdrop foliage. I brought these bulbs back to Lower Slaughter and one bore an outstandingly large flower among the earlies and this I named 'John Gray' in memory of a delightful friend. The late Sir Frederick Stern said it was the finest early snowdrop he had ever seen. I think the other one, but of this I am not quite sure, is the dwarf, largeflowered one that I named 'Mighty Atom'.'' (Snowdrops, (2001) p.247) £8.00 - 34 'Kildare' (×valentinei): this large-flowered, almost straight-spathed and often double-scaped snowdrop was found by the late David and Ruby Baker in Ireland in 1995. However, the wonderful soft-green glow surrounding this snowdrop from the Emerald Isle is its greatest charm. The long slim outer segments are marked with several thin green lines following the veins, with a background of paler green shading towards the base. The very fine inner segment marking is solid olive-green at the apex shading to a paler green at the base. See illustration p.54. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.279) £18.50 'Lapwing' (×valentinei), (syn. 'William Ball No 2'): an easily recognisable snowdrop discovered by Phil Cornish. The somewhat triangular shaped flower is held on a long pedicel with a distinctive and gently shaded cross wings marking on the inner segment. A reliable and rewarding snowdrop. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.253) £14.00 'Lord Lieutenant': standing stiffly to attention, a poise unique among snowdrops, the flowers of this hybrid hold themselves at forty five degrees to the scapes on particularly short pedicels. Widely opening outer segments reveal fine broad X shaped-marks on the inner segments. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.159) £25.00 'Magnet' A.M. (1997), (×valentinei): " ...of garden varieties G. 'Magnet' is one of the best ... it has a tall stalk, and the outer segments are large and spreading but not exceptionally broad. Its great distinction and charm are due to an unusually long and slender pedicel, which carries the flower out from the spathe in a very pleasing curve. The pedicel is so slender that it reminds me of Dierama pulcherrimum , for they both resemble the fine silk gut on a - 35 - G. woronowii 'Elizabeth Harrison' (see page 29) G. 'Cowhouse Green' (see page 30) G. 'Early to Rize' (see page 31) G. 'Green comet' (see page 32) - 36 - G. 'Glenchantress' (see page 32) G. 'Fieldgate Superb' (see page 31) - 37 large fishing fly. This character causes them to swing to and fro in a slight breeze which produces no movement in other snowdrops, so that it is easily recognised even from a distance. To add to these virtues it has a very good constitution which cannot be claimed for many of the garden forms". E.A.Bowles. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.235) £3.50 'Mother Goose': the most exciting snowdrop ever to have originated here in the garden at North Green. The whiteness of the flowers is attractively complemented by the bluish-grey leaves. However the most remarkable feature of this truly beautiful snowdrop is the astonishingly radiant egg-yellow inner segment apical marking and strong yellow shading towards the ovary. The silken pedicel together with the base of the ovary are wonderfully highlighted in gold. On first seeing G. 'Mother Goose' one galanthophile visitor here was heard to ask for sunglasses! This is a golden treasure and was a fitting snowdrop with which to celebrate the thirtieth anniversary of North Green Snowdrops. One bulb per customer. See illustration p.39. £90.00 'Peardrop': an easily recognized, aptly named, mid-season snowdrop with quite a substantial flower for a not particularly tall plant. It was selected by Cliff and Joan Curtis and distributed from their garden in Hacconby, Lincolnshire. See illustration p.50. £20.00 'Primrose Warburg' P.C. (2007), (×valentinei): one of the most coveted of all snowdrops. This super G. plicatus hybrid has a good strong yellow marking on the inner segment and yellowish-green ovary. The origin of this snowdrop is something of a mystery, although it is known to have been grown in the garden of the late - 38 Primrose Warburg. It has been named by her friends to commemorate this great plantswoman who did so much to kindle interest in snowdrops. Repays careful cultivation. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.266) £20.00 'S. Arnott' F.C.C. (1991), (×valentinei): as E.A.Bowles points out, it is not certain or perhaps even likely that this fine plant was raised by Samuel Arnott, it was however sent by him to Mr. Elwes of Colesbourne who distributed it as "Arnott's Seedling". It was given an Award of Merit, when shown by the Giant Snowdrop Company in 1951, under the more appropriate name of G. 'S. Arnott'. A tall and sturdy plant, it has a large flower with a very deep green, heartshaped mark. After years of cultivation it continues to be one of the finest and boldest of all snowdrops. "Ten thousand flowers of this delightful plant at the Giant Snowdrop Company, Hyde Lodge, as illustrated in one of their catalogues, must have been a sight never to be forgotten". In the sun the outer segments of the flowers rise up and it has a wonderful scent! (Snowdrops, (2001) p.238) £3.50 'Spindlestone Surprise' A.M.(1998), (×valentinei): a lovely yellow hybrid which reminds us somewhat of G. 'Primrose Warburg' though quite distinct when they are grown near to each other. It is a stronger growing snowdrop and generally considered to be a better garden plant. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.275) £20.00 'The Whopper'(×hybridus): an exceptional Irish snowdrop from Primrose Hill, Lucan. This extraordinary Merlinesque snowdrop, resembling an earlier flowering G. 'Cicely Hall', is remarkably large and aptly named. £30.00 - 39 - G. 'Mother Goose' (see page 37) - 40 - G. 'Trumpolute' (see page 41) G. 'Trumps' (see page 41) G. 'Wasp' (see page 41) - 41 'Trumpolute' (×hybridus): the first significant hybrid between G. plicatus 'Trym' and G. elwesii to have convolute leaves and flowers reminding us of both G. 'Trumps' and G. plicatus 'Trym'. The distinctly flattish outer segments have a bold V-shaped mark towards the apex and a paler oval-shaped mark towards the base but this mark can vary until the plant is established. An historic breakthrough which occurred in the garden at North Green in 2001. An exceedingly rare snowdrop. One bulb per customer. See illustration p.40. £65.00 'Trumps' A.M. (2011): we are delighted to be able to offer bulbs of this beautiful early-flowering snowdrop which was spotted in the garden here at North Green by Matt Bishop in the late 1990s. Charming heart-shaped markings on both the inner and outer segments. It is closely related to G. 'Green of Hearts' but flowering a little earlier. See illustration p.40. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.238) £25.00 'Wasp': probably the most aptly named snowdrop of all from Veronica Cross. Swarm-like in the clump at a distance. The flowers hover on fine pedicels with long narrow wing-like outer segments and narrow tube-like inner segments with markings suggesting a striped thorax! Not necessarily considered a "classic beauty" but definitely a classic snowdrop and one with which we could certainly not live without, here at North Green. See illustration p.40. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.271) £30.00 - 42 Hybrids - Double 'Ballerina': Phil Cornish's superb dwarf double snowdrop considered to be one of the loveliest of all the doubles. When fully mature the flowers appear so full of segments as to almost form a pompom. Similar to, but distinct from, G. 'Mrs Wrightson's Double'. Unfortunately this snowdrop is very slow to increase and we find that it does not respond to twin scaling. We offer a few bulbs from divisions from our clumps in the garden. Scarce. One bulb per customer. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.302) £35.00 'Ailwyn': the most beautiful of all the double snowdrops that include G. elwesii in their ancestry. It appeared at Anglesey Abbey in 1994 and soon acquired the name of Ailwyn after Lord Fairhaven (Snowdrops, (2001) p.304) £35.00 'Mrs. Wrightson's Double': a very full-flowered, grey-leaved, weighty ''double'' from Washfield Nursery. A very desirable and much coveted snowdrop in short supply. See illustration p.53. (Snowdrops, (2001) p.304) £20.00 ************ - 43 RARE SNOWDROPS FOR SALE BY TENDER G.nivalis Reserve Price 'La Bohème'. One of our finest introductions; the whole snowdrop bathed in glowing lime-green and yellow light. There are five to eight distinct yellow lime-green parallel lines on the outer segments, a yellowish ovary and a darker inner segment marking like a cavalier moustache curling towards the ovary that embraces a distinct golden glow that intensifies and deepens with age. See illustration front cover. £100.00 Poculiformis Group 'Swan Lake': a very beautiful and aptly named snowdrop, found by Cyril Lafong. It is both reliable and with most excellent qualities. See illustration p.49. £100.00 G. plicatus 'Old January': a seedling first noticed outside a side door at North Green, flowering in mid to late January. A remarkably strong snowdrop with large leaves and good G. plicatus flowers that will eventually form a very distinctive clump. Named jointly after Old Januarie in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales (The Merchant's Tale) and coincidently, The Old January of the Julian Calendar New Year. Offered here for the first time. £75.00 - 44 'The Dragon': this most extraordinary and quite outstanding snowdrop should not be confused with G. plicatus 'Castle Green Dragon' which is a totally different plant. Strongly textured, widely spaced outer segments reveal the remarkable inner segments. The very well defined, deep sinus notch closely follows the bold Xshaped mark. But the most breath-taking feature for devoted growers is the gymnastic upturning of the positively frilly tips of the inner segments on either side of the sinus notch. Yet another Scottish treasure found by Ian Christie. See illustration p.45. £120.00 G. elwesii 'Big Bertha': a large-flowered snowdrop, as its name implies, with distinct, widely splayed leaves writhing upon the ground in contrast to the very uprightly held flowers and scapes. The flowers have a particularly rounded-appearance and green tips to the outer segments. An early to mid-season snowdrop selected by Gill Richardson. See illustration p.45. £90.00 'Bumble Green': an apt name for this delightful, well-shaped, snowdrop from the stable of Sue and Wol Stains. A very lovely earlyflowering snowdrop in bloom well before Christmas with an additional bonus of handsome, variable green tips on the outer segments. Highly covetable. See illustration p.46. £80.00 - 45 - G. elwesii 'Big Bertha' (see page 44) G. elwesii 'Moses' Basket' (see page 47) Galanthus plicatus 'The Dragon' (see page 44) - 46 - G. 'Bumble Green' (see page 44) G. 'Ding Dong' (see page 30) - 47 'Moses' Basket': this intriguing snowdrop presents an entirely new profile to the lovers of the genus. An exceptionally long, narrow ovary supports, at best, a perfectly heart-shaped flower. The outer segments airily embrace the inner segments finely enclosing them at the apex, giving the whole flower an open basket-like feel. An extraordinary new introduction from Anglesey Abbey. See illustration p.45. £90.00 We have a few of the above rare snowdrops for sale. In order to give all our customers an opportunity to acquire these bulbs we are once again, selling them by tender. Customers are invited to submit a bid for a single bulb of one or more of the six varieties on the yellow bidding form enclosed. The reserve price is the lowest price at which we will sell any of the above snowdrops. Please note, in most cases there are only five, or even less, bulbs of a particular variety for sale. Should there be more than one bid of an equal amount, and only one bulb remaining, we shall accept the first bid opened. Please put your bid or bids in a sealed envelope and mark the front with the name(s) of the bulb(s). In previous years, many customers have been very disappointed but it would appear that this is the fairest method we can devise to give all our customers an equal chance of acquiring these rarities. No bids will be accepted after 12 noon on 22nd February 2016. - 48 Customers wishing to participate please note that bids, which must be made in pounds sterling, can only be accepted if payment is made by credit/debit card and no other form of payment. Any snowdrops acquired through this new venture will be separately dispatched and the whole transaction treated separately from any other order you may have placed. As we cannot combine these snowdrops with your main order, there is a £4.50 flat rate postage and packing charge, which includes Europe. ************ Complete information on all the species and most of the cultivars listed in this catalogue can be found in the book Snowdrops, Bishop, M., Davis, A. and Grimshaw, J. (2001). The Griffin Press. Reprinted 2006 (see page 2). ************ - 49 - G. nivalis 'Blewbury Tart' (see page 5) G. nivalis Poculiformis Group'Swan Lake' (see page 43) - 50 - G. elwesii 'Louise Ann Bromley' (see page 24) G. 'Peardrop' (see page 37) G. 'Cliff Curtis' (see page 30) - 51 Select Bibliography Allen, J. (1891). Snowdrops. J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 13: 172-188. Artyushenko, Z.T. (1967). Taxonomy of the Genus Galanthus L. R.H.S. Daffodil and Tulip Year Book. 32: 62-82. Bishop, M. (2011). The appearance and diversity of inverse poculiform snowdrops. R.H.S. Daffodil, Snowdrop and Tulip Yearbook: 43-47. Bishop, M., Davis, A. and Grimshaw, J. (2001) Snowdrops. The Griffin Press. Maidenhead. Bowles, E.A. (1914). My Garden in Spring. London. Brickell, C.D. (1984). Flora of Turkey. Edinburgh. Burbidge, F.W. (1891). Snowdrops. J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 13: 191-210. Davis, A.P. (1999). The Genus Galanthus. Timber Press. Leeds, R. (2000). Early Bulbs. David & Charles. Devon. Melville, D. (1891). Snowdrops. J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 13: 188-191. Nutt, R. (1969). Some thoughts on growing Snowdrops. R.H.S. Daffodil and Tulip Year Book 34: 80-86. Nutt, R. (1971). Snowdrop freaks or natural variations. R.H.S. Daffodil and Tulip Year Book 36: 165-174. Nutt, R. (1993) Encyclopaedia of Alpines. Galanthus. Vol. I AGS Publications Ltd., Pershore, Worcestershire. - 52 Schwartz, O. (1963). Bulletin Alpine Garden Soc. XXI: 131-141. Stern, F.C. (1956). Snowdrops and Snowflakes. London. van Dijk, H. (2011). Galanthomania. Uitgeverij Terra Lannoo-groep. Arnhem Waldorf, G. (2012). Snowdrops. Frances Lincoln Ltd. London. Wyatt, O.E.P. (1967). Two Snowdrop Problems. and "Double Green" Snowdrop. R.H.S. Daffodil and Tulip Year Book. 32: 83-87 and 189. ******* Snowdrops named by North Green Snowdrops The names in brackets are our original naming but for various reasons these have had to be changed to the name with an asterisk. G. nivalis: 'Prague Spring' 'Bohemia Gold' 'Stork' 'Chatterbox' 'Tall Prague Spring' 'Dumpy Green' 'White Stag' 'Fanfare' G. reginae-olgae subsp. vernalis: 'Golden Glow' 'Goldheart' 'La Bohème' 'Blue John' 'Blue Peter' - 53 - G. 'Mrs Wrightson's Double' (see page 42) G. Jessica (see page 23) - 54 - G. 'Kildare' (see page 34) - 55 G. plicatus: G. gracilis: 'Amy Doncaster' 'Ayes and Noes' 'Eric Fisher' 'Corkscrew' 'Old January' 'Denton' 'Three Ships' 'Vera Trum' 'Winter Green' Hybrids 'Benton Magnet' 'Bloomer' G. elwesii: 'Early to Rize' 'Comet' 'Green Beauty' 'Jubilee Green' 'Green Comet' 'Chelsworth Magnet' 'Green of Hearts' 'Margaret's Star' 'Little Dorrit' ('Milkwood') *'Mrs Macnamara' 'Long Wasp' 'Mother Goose' ('November Merlin') *'Remember, Remember' 'Trotter's Merlin' 'Sibbertoft Magnet' 'Trumpolute' 'Trumps' - 56 Index by Cultivar Names Numbers in bold type refer to descriptions and italic numbers to page illustrations. 'Ailwyn' 42 'Angelique' 9 'Anglesey Abbey' 5 'Annielle' 9, 8 'Art Nouveau' 5 'Augustus' 13 'Ballerina' 42 'Baxendale's Late' 13 'Benhall Beauty' 29 'Big Bertha' 44, 45 'Bill Clark' 13 'Blewbury Tart' 5, 49 'Blue Peter' 10, 12 'Brian Mathew' 19, 22 'Bumble Green' 44, 46 'Cedric's Prolific' 19 'Chatterbox' 6, 7 'Chatton' 10 'Cinderella' 6, 7 'Cliff Curtis' 30, 50 'Cornwood' 6 'Cowhouse Green' 30, 55 'Curly' 30 'Deer Slot' 19, 16 'Diggory' 13, 12 'Ding Dong' 30, 46 'Dodo Norton' 31 'Dorothy Foreman' 23 'Dumpy Green' 6, 8 'E. A. Bowles' 14 'Early To Rize' 31, 35 'Elizabeth Harrison' 29, 35 'Eric Fisher' 14, 15 'Faith Stewart Liberty' 14 'Fieldgate Fugue' 31 'Fieldgate Superb' 31, 36 'Flocon de Neige' 6, 11 'Gabriel' 20 'Galadriel' 20 'Glenchantress' 32, 36 'Godfrey Owen' 20, 25 'Green Arrow' 32 'Green Comet' 32, 35 'Green Eyes' 20, 21 Green-leaved hybrid ex R.D.Nutt 32 'Green of Hearts' 33 'Haddon's Tiny' 9 'Hobson's Choice' 33 'Jessica' 23, 56 - 57 'John Gray' 33 'John Tomlinson' 23 'Jonathan' 23, 22 'Jubilee Green' 24, 21 'Kildare' 34, 54 'La Bohème' 43, front cover 'Lapwing' 34 'Lord Lieutenant' 34 'Louise Ann Bromley' 24, 50 'Magnet' 34 'Margaret Owen' 24, 25 Miss Lindsay's collected form 27, 26 'Moses' Basket' 47, 45 'Mother Goose' 37, 39 'Mrs Macnamara' 27, 26 'Mrs Wrightson's Double' 42, 53 ' Old January' 43 'Peardrop' 37, 50 'Prague Spring' 9,11 'Primrose Warburg' 37 'Remember, Remember' 27, 26 'Rev. Hailstone' 27 'Richard Nutt' 14 'S. Arnott' 38 'Selborne Green Tips' 28 'Sibbertoft White' 10 'Sickle' 28 'Spindlestone Surprise' 38 'Swan Lake' 43, 49 'The Dragon' 44, 45 'The Whopper' 38 'Three Ships' 17, 16 'Trumpolute' 41, 40 'Trumps' 41, 40 'Trymlet' 17, 16 'Vera Trum' 17 'Walker, Canada' 17 'Wasp' 41, 40 'Wendy's Gold' 18 'White Perfection' 28 'Yvonne Hay' 28 - 58 - - 59 - - 60 -