Coral Mapping using Hydroacoustic (RoxannTM)

Coral Mapping using Hydroacoustic (RoxannTM)

Coral Mapping using Hydroacoustic
(RoxannTM) and Video Transect
Method in Pulau Tioman
Muhammad Faiz, M.H., Mohd Zaini, M., Shahbudin, S. and Juliana, M.
Institute of Oceanography and Maritime Studies,
International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan
Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan,
Pahang, Malaysia.
Introduction
Complex and Important
Marine Features
Known as “Rainforest of
The Sea”
Provide Important
Ecosystem Services
Vital Economy Resources
Study Area
Station
Sites Name
1
Kg Genting
2
Teluk Teduh
3
Teluk Bayat
4
Kg Juara
5
Teluk Benuang
6
Pulau Renggis 1
7
Pulau Renggis 2
8
Pulau Soyak 1
9
Pulau Soyak 2
10
Pulau Tulai 1
11
Pulau Tulai2
12
Pulau Tulai 3
13
Batu Malang
14
Pulau Cheben
s14
s11
s12
s10
P.Cheben
B. Malang
s13
s2
s3
s9
s8
P. Soyak
s7 s6
s4
s1
s5
s1
Hydroacoustic RoxannTM
Video Transect
-14 sites, 28 transects
-2 different depth for each
transect, 5m and 10m
-CPCe analysis
-more on life form categories
and percent coverage
Results
Hydroacoustic (RoxannTM)
Code
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Number of Signal and Coverage of All Substrate
Coverage
Percentage of
Substrate
(m2)
coverage (%)
Massive Coral
3,762.30
3.87
Branching
3,640.31
3.75
Table Coral
3,196.14
3.29
Foliose
916.29
0.94
Mix Coral
14,738.12
15.18
Branching + Mix Coral
1,406.45
1.45
Sand
62,471.71
64.33
Rock
581.45
0.60
Encrusting Rock with Moss
4,350.87
4.48
Boulder
230.79
0.24
Rubble
967.95
1.00
Dead Coral
850.19
0.88
Total
97,112.57
100.00
Coral reef substrate determination at Pulau Tioman
Marine Park with substrate classes
Massive Coral
1% 1%
4%
1%
Branching + Mix Coral
Encrusting Rock with Mosse
5%
3% 1%
Table Coral
Foliose
64%
15%
Mix Coral
Boulder
Branching
4% 0%
Rock
Sand
1%
Rubble
Dead Coral
Percentage of substrate coverage around Pulau Tioman
Marine Park
Site
Pulau Soyak
Pulau Renggis
Teluk Gado
East Bay, PulauTulai
Pulau Chebeh
Teluk Bakau
Kg. Genting
Teluk Benuang
Teluk Juara
Teluk Dalam
Batu Malang
Salang
Area Coverage, m2
5583.57
2040.23
1285.85
645.06
12742.12
452.05
294.57
919.87
747.37
978.62
555.75
687.48
Percentage (%) of coral
coverage
63.97
25.49
15.13
55.63
39.88
18.53
8.30
9.19
20.35
20.75
5.98
10.89
Percentage of Coral Coverage
Results
Video Transects
Coral Life Form Distribution
Distribution of Coral Life Form
100%
Soft coral (SC)
90%
Sea anemone (ANE)
80%
Gorgonians (G)
Anemone (AN)
70%
Mushroom coral (CMR)
60%
Coral submassive (CS)
50%
88.73
40%
30%
56.52
58.99
54.82
45.36
20%
28.21
10%
Coral massive (CM)
94.00
84.17
14.58
10.46
89.93
82.61
51.36
75.66
Acropora tabulate (ACT)
35.2131.89
26.88
8.7210.65
10.37
0%
Coral encrusting (CE)
Coral branching (CB)
51.13
28.38
Coral foliose (CF)
31.79
19.34
3.70 0.92 1.63 2.41
Acropora submassive (ACS)
Acropora encrusting (ACE)
Acropora digitate (ACD)
Acropora branching (ACB)
P. Tioman
P. Renggis
P. Soyak
P. Tulai
B. Malang P. Cheben
Coral Life Form Percent Cover
Station
Kg Genting
Teluk Teduh
Teluk Bayat
Teluk Juara
Teluk Benuang
Pulau Reggis 1
Pulau Renggis 2
Pulau Soyak 1
Pulau Soyak 2
Pulau Tulai 1
Pulau Tulai 2
Pulau Tulai 3
Batu Malang
Pulau Cheben
Depth
5m
10m
5m
10m
5m
10m
5m
10m
5m
10m
5m
10m
5m
10m
5m
10m
5m
10m
5m
10m
5m
10m
5m
10m
5m
10m
5m
10m
Live Coral
Dead Coral
54.28
38.04
29.83
21.83
46.23
45.67
16.3
9.79
45.33
46.17
85.31
35.29
86.29
52.36
68.49
65.3
53.33
12.84
34.5
47.5
9.67
4.58
37.12
50.68
57.17
45
37.83
74.62
0.32
0.89
0.33
0.67
0.66
0
0.52
0
0
0.67
0.26
0.29
0
0
0.35
3.13
0.43
1.08
0.17
0.17
0.17
2.88
3.39
2.37
10.94
11.48
4.67
0.67
Dead Coral with Algae SW Index
33.76
30.89
2.67
0.17
9.18
12.33
43.45
1.04
2.83
1.33
5.2
2.35
8.87
6.36
4.75
23.19
39.42
31.89
22
10.67
16.17
16.78
15.25
12.2
12.45
14.44
30.17
23.37
0.99
1.15
1.64
1.49
1.44
1.53
1.04
1.29
1.47
1.45
0.57
0.95
0.53
1.1
1.05
0.81
0.79
0.96
1.31
1.47
1.2
1.29
1.59
1.44
1.03
1.17
1.3
0.62
Identification of Coral Life Form
• Due to the limitation of the Video Transect method,
identification only can be done up until genus level only
• 13 Family and 32 Genera has been recorded
• Most abundant are from Family Acroporidae and Faviidae
Results
Family
Genus
Acroporidae
Acropora
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Montipora
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Favia
-
+
+
+
+
-
-
+
+
+
+
+
-
+
Favites
-
+
+
+
+
-
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Platygyra
+
+
+
+
+
-
+
+
+
+
-
+
-
-
Goniastera
-
+
-
-
+
-
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Olouphyllia
-
+
-
-
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
Montastrea
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
-
-
-
+
-
-
Porites
+
+
+
+
+
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Faviidae
Poritidae
s1
s2
s3
s4
s5
s6
s7
s8
s9
s10
s11
s12
s13
s14
Goniopora
-
-
+
-
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
-
Pachyseris
+
+
-
-
-
-
+
+
-
+
-
-
-
-
Leptoseris
+
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
-
Pavona
+
-
-
-
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
+
Agaracia
-
-
-
-
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Fungia
+
-
-
-
+
-
+
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
Cycloseris
+
-
+
-
-
+
-
-
-
+
-
-
-
-
Ctenactis
-
-
+
-
-
+
-
-
+
-
+
-
-
+
Hepolitha
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Sandalolitha
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Lobophyllia
-
+
-
-
+
-
-
-
+
+
+
+
-
-
Symphillia
-
+
-
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
-
-
Mussa
-
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Pocilloporidae
Pocillopora
-
-
-
+
+
-
+
-
+
+
+
-
+
+
Oculinidae
Galaxea
-
-
+
-
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
+
Euphyllidae
Euphyllia
+
-
-
-
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
-
Dendrophyllidae
Turbinaria
-
-
-
-
+
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Alcyoniidae
Sinularia
-
+
+
+
+
-
+
-
-
+
-
+
-
-
Sarcophyton
-
+
+
-
+
-
+
-
-
-
+
-
+
-
Lobophytum
-
+
-
+
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
-
-
Cladiella
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
+
-
-
-
-
-
Stichodactylidae
Heteractis
-
-
-
-
-
+
+
-
-
+
-
-
+
+
Nephtheidae
Nephtea
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
+
-
+
-
-
-
Agaracidae
Fungiidae
Mussidae
Discussion
• From the hydroacoustic survey, most of the live coral coverage
was found higher in Pulau Soyak, Pulau Tulai (eastern-coast) and
Pulau Chebeh.
• However, lesser distribution of coral was found in Batu Malang
and Kg. Genting compared to other sites during the survey.
• Due to limitation in term of differentiating mixture,
hydroacoustic method could not give us the exact nature of the
area survey.
• However, it can be used in order to estimate the area of the coral
covered within the sites area.
Discussion
• Pulau Renggis has the most highest coral percent cover,
but only at 5m depth.
• Though Renggis has the highest coral cover, it is been
colonized by extensive cover of Acropora Branching at
5m depth
• Current pattern in the Pulau Renggis might be the
factor. It is observed that at 8-10m depth, sandy
bottom dominated this area.
• Interestingly, Pulau Cheben has the highest coral cover
at 10m depth compared to other station.
• Teluk Bayat and Teluk Benuang (which located at the
east coast of Tioman) has relatively high percent
coverage for both depths.
Extensive coverage of Acropora at
P.Renggis
Discussion
• Teluk Juara has the lowest coral percent cover. Dead
coral rubble dominated this area. This might due to the
whether condition at this area.
• In terms of diversity, Teluk Teduh recorded the highest
diversity at 5m while Teluk Bayat recorded the highest
diversity at 10m. Pulau Renggis, has the lowest
diversity due to extensive cover of Acropora branching
at each depth.
Diversity of coral at Teluk Benuang
Conclusion
• In general, Pulau Tioman and nearby Island has
relatively good coral coverage.
• Distribution of coral differ between depth for most
location.
• Teluk Bayat and Teluk Benuang have healthy coral
cover though they are exposed to the strong current at
the east coast of tioman
Recommendation
• Coral mapping using hydroacoustic and video transect
could be improved in order to give better mapping at
certain area. Therefore, it is suggested that the
mapping to be done by using remote sensing
technology which can cover more area with good
accuracy
Acknowledgements
•
•
•
•
Department of Marine Park Malaysia
Institute of Oceanography and Maritime Studies
Agensi Penguatkuasaan Maritim Malaysia (APMM)
All people who involve in coral mapping and marine
expedition in Tioman
Thank You