Protel DXP 2004

Protel DXP 2004
Schematic
開始 → 所有程式 → Altium → DXP 2004
1
File → New → PCB Project
2
Save Project As…
Right click
Project 儲存路徑
不可以有中文
3
D:\Exercise
Project 儲存路徑不可以有中文
4
Add New to Project → Schematic
新增一個電路圖檔
Right click
5
Save As…
建議電路圖檔儲存至 Project 相同路徑底下，儲存路徑不可以有中文
Right click
6
D:\Exercise
建議 電路圖檔儲存至 Project 相同
路徑底下
7
View → Workspace Panels → System → Libraries
打開零件庫
8
Libraries
零件庫顯示視窗可以調整
Top view
9
Libraries (Cont.)
10
Miscellaneous Devices.IntLib
可指定不同的零件庫
Miscellaneous Devices 內有
各式常用零件
11
Miscellaneous Connectors.IntLib
Miscellaneous connectors 內
有各式常用連接頭
12
Find Register
關鍵字母與萬用字元尋找零件
但只在指定的零件庫中尋找
R*
13
Place component and edit properties
Press and don’t relax
R?
Res1
1K
Double click
零件序號
零件標註
零件值
14
Component Properties
Miscellaneous Devices.IntLib
Q?
2N3904
3
2
C
E
Q?
B2N3904
1
Double click
Q?
2N3904
CB
E
2
3
C
E
Q?
B2N3904
1
15
View → Toolbars → Wiring
Place Wire
GND Power Port
VCC Power Port
Place No ERC
16
Wire Placement Modes
SHIFT+SPACEBAR
17
Cut or Copy component
3
3
Click
Click
1
Or
4
2
Selected object
Click
Delete
18
1
Q?
2N3904
Cut wire and rotate component
Click
Q?
2N3904
Q?
2N3904
2 Selected object
Space
Press +
Q?
2N3904
Q?
2N3904
3
Click
Or
Delete
19
Zoom in Zoom out & Accesskey
放大顯示比例
按
鍵或按住
鍵, 再將滑鼠
上的滾輪往前推將滑鼠上的滾輪往前推
：放大顯示比例
縮小顯示比例
按
鍵或按住
鍵,再將滑鼠
上的滾輪往前推將滑鼠上
：將零件左右翻轉
全圖顯示比例
按
、
(空白鍵)：逆時鐘旋轉90度
鍵或
鈕
指定區塊顯示比例
按
、
鍵，或
鈕，
然後在工作區裡指定所要放大的區塊
：縮小顯示比例
：將零件上下翻轉
：放置該零件
：取消取用該零件
：開啟此零件之屬性對話盒
20
Exercise
VCC
R1
1K
R2
47K
C1
VCC
R3
47K
R4
1K
C2
JP1
1
2
3
4
J1
Header 4
0.1F
Q1
2N3904
0.1uF
COAX-F
Q2
2N3904
Description
Designator
Library Name
LibRef
Quantity
Value
Polarized Capacitor (Axial)
C1
Miscellaneous Devices.IntLib
Cap Pol2
1
0.1uF
Polarized Capacitor (Axial)
C2
Miscellaneous Devices.IntLib
Cap Pol2
1
0.1uF
Coax-F Connector
J1
Miscellaneous Connectors.IntLib
COAX-F
1
Header, 4-Pin
JP1
Miscellaneous Connectors.IntLib
Header 4
1
NPN General Purpose Amplifier
Q1
Miscellaneous Devices.IntLib
2N3904
1
NPN General Purpose Amplifier
Q2
Miscellaneous Devices.IntLib
2N3904
1
Resistor
R1
Miscellaneous Devices.IntLib
Res1
1
1K
Resistor
R2
Miscellaneous Devices.IntLib
Res1
1
47K
Resistor
R3
Miscellaneous Devices.IntLib
Res1
1
47K
Resistor
R4
Miscellaneous Devices.IntLib
Res1
1
1K
21
Footprint
VCC
R1
1K
C1
R2
47K
VCC
R3
47K
C2
R4
1K
J1
JP1
1
2
3
4
Header 4
0.1F
Q1
2N3904
Double Click
0.1uF
COAX-F
Q2
2N3904
Double Click
22
PCB Model → Browse… → CAPPR2-5X6.8
C1
0.1F
23
Libraries → Search…
protel 內建的 library 路徑
關鍵字母與萬用字元尋找零件
Find 2N2222
Available Libraries: 從已掛載的零件庫中尋找
Libraries on Path: 從Path裡的零件庫中尋找
Path: C:\Program Files\Altium2004\Library
24
Search result
Q?
2N2222
25
Search LM311N
26
Libraries… Add
Library 增加可供選用的零件庫
Install…掛載可供選用的零件庫
預設路徑 C:\Program Files\Altium2004\Library
27
Install 89c51.IntLib
28
Tools → Auto Annotate
VCC
R?
1K
C?
R?
47K
VCC
R?
47K
C?
R?
1K
JP?
1
2
3
4
J?
Header 4
0.1F
0.1uF
COAX-F
Q?
2N2222
Q?
2N2222
VCC
R1
1K
C1
R2
47K
VCC
R3
47K
C2
R4
1K
J1
JP1
1
2
3
4
Header 4
0.1F
Q2
2N2222
0.1uF
COAX-F
Q1
2N2222
29
Annotate → Update Changes List → OK
→ Accept Changes [Create ECO]
1
3
2
30
Engineering Change Order → Validate Changes
Execute → Changes → Close → Close
1
2
3
31
After Annotate
VCC
R1
1K
C1
R2
47K
VCC
R3
47K
C2
R4
1K
JP1
1
2
3
4
J1
Header 4
0.1F
0.1uF
COAX-F
Q1
2N2222
Q2
2N2222
VCC
VCC
5
6
3
7
Res1
10K
2
R2
R1
Res1
10K
Res1
2K
U1
LM311N
D1
Header 2
R4
VCC
Res1
200
1
4
VCC
R3
1
2
VCC
8
Rphoto
Res1
1K
JP1
32
PCB
Printed circuit board
1
Project → Add New to Project → PCB
Right Click
2
PCB1.PcbDoc → Save As…
Right Click
建議電路圖檔儲存至 Project 相同
路徑底下，儲存路徑不可以有中文
3
Keep-Out Layer
Select Keep-Out Layer
4
Place → Line
畫出ㄧ塊夠大
的區塊即可
5
Design →
Import Changes From PCB_PROJECT1.PRJPCB
1
2
3
Validate Changes
4
Execute Changes
5
Close
6
Move
由 Schematic 轉到 PCB 的零件會被放在一個
Sheet1 裡面，移動Sheet1 即移動所有的零件。
將所有零件移到所劃的框內。
若無法順利轉檔，可能是因零件未指定封裝
(Footprint) 或編號
當試多次仍未成功，建議關掉並刪除此 PCB
檔，再重開新 PCB 檔
7
Edit → Cut
2
1
Click
3
清除 Sheet1 ，以便個別移
動所有的零件。
4
滑鼠變為十字游標
8
Cut line
Line 已不需用到，可刪除
Layout
VCC
VCC
R1
Res1 C1
1K
2
R4
Res1
1K
C2
Cap Pol2
0.022uF
2
C
E
C
E
Q1
B
P2N2222A
R3
Res1
47K
J1
COAX-F
1
2
3
4
Header 4
1
1
Cap Pol2
0.022uF
R2
Res1
47K
JP1
Q2
BP2N2222A
3
3
9
Alignment Tools
10
Auto Route→All…→Routing Rules…→Close→Route All
1
2
雙層板
3
5
4
11
Routing finished
12
PCB layers
Top
overlay
Top
layer
Bottom
layer
13
PCB operation
=
2.54 mm
Double
click
14
PCB operation (Cont.)
Double
click
15
PCB operation (Cont.)
16
PCB operation (Cont.)
17
Rules
Tools → Un-Route → All
1
Design → Rules…
2
PCB Rules and Constraints Editor
Routing → Width → Width
mil
千分之一英寸
3
View → Toggle Units
mil → mm
mm
millimeter
4
PCB Rules and Constraints Editor
Routing → Width → Width
Min With=0.6mm
Preferred With=1mm
Max With=3mm
5
PCB Rules and Constraints Editor
Routing → Width → Width → New Rules…
Right Click
6
Name → Width_GND
Net → GND
7
PCB Rules and Constraints Editor
Design Rules → Routing → Routing Via Style →
RoutingVias
2.5mm
0.8mm
8
Board Layer
Top layer
Insulator
Bottom layer
Place Via
9
AXIAL-0.3
Pad setting
Resister & capacitor
RAD-0.2
Connector
HDR1X4
DIP-8
DIP IC & BJT
10
PCB Rules and Constraints Editor
Design Rules → Electrical → Clearance → Clearance
11
PCB Rules and Constraints Editor
Design Rules → Routing → Routing Layers → Routing Layers
12
Auto Route → All… → Routing All
Failed to complete 0 connect…
13
PCB Layout rules
Tracks Restricted Area
to mount screws
These holes are usually used to
secure the PCB to a casing or to
secure it in a fixed place.
Tracks should not be located on the
areas that can caused them to be
peeled off easily.
14
PCB Layout rules (Cont.)
Conductor Thickness and Width
PCB conductor thickness and width will determine the current carrying capacity of
the track.
Track Width for 1 oz cooper PCB and
temperature rise
solder
To solder a thick cooper conductor on the PCB track to increase the current carrying
capacity of the track.
15
PCB Layout rules (Cont.)
Transmission Line Discontinuities
Open
Step
Bend 90º
Via
Effect of Discontinuities
16
PCB Layout rules (Cont.)
Reducing the Effects of Discontinuity
Mitering of Step
Chamfering
of bend
Connector Discontinuity
Others Effect
1
x
0
x
1
1
17
Basic Grounding
Line
VCC
Neutral
I/O to other
hardware
Ground
Signal
Ground
Ground
18
Single-Point Ground
Series Ground
Parallel Ground
• Series Ground System
-Easy to implement.
-Suffers from common-impedance coupling.
• Parallel Ground System
-Less common-impedance coupling.
-Mutual coupling (inductive and capacitive) between ground leads
should be minimised.
19
Multi-point Ground
• Uses large ground plane as common ground conductor.
• Circuits that require ground connection are connected to the nearest
available ground plane.
• Also suffer from common impedance coupling but it can be reduced by
lowering the ground-impedance.
• Typically used in multilayer PCB.
20
Ground Scheme 1
Power Distribution and Ground on Same Layer
Not Encouraged
Good Practice
• The power and ground wires can be considered as a signal-ground
combination. Therefore based on previous discussion on current return
path, these must be near each other.
21
Ground Scheme 2
Using Ground Grid
• Reduce ground path impedance
• Allow shorter return path.
22
Ground Scheme 3
Using Ground Ring
GND
trace
Using similar scheme for the power distribution, the VCC bus on another layer.
Bear in mind to keep the traces as close as possible.
23
Ground Scheme 4
Using Ground Grid/Ring with Circuit Function
Segmentation
24
Ground Plane
• To reduce common impedance coupling and promote return current to
flow as near as source current, ground plane should be used wherever
possible.
• Ground plane has much lower partial self inductance and resistance as
compared to ground trace. Thus common impedance effect is vastly
reduced.
• Source and return current near each other results in small loop area,
this in turn reduces mutual inductance between different current loop.
25
Ground Scheme 5
Combination of Power Grid and Ground Plane for Hybrid
System
This is the best scheme as it allows return current to flow directly beneath the
power lines.
26
PCB layout
Show them the way to home and
the path can’t cross.
27
Interactive routing connection
28
Interactive routing connection (Cont)
Ctrl + click
Double click
Ctrl + click
29
Net connection
30
Check
broken
31
Place Component
Double click
32
Top layer layout recommend
Hard solder
Easy solder
33
Add pad
Place →Pad
34
Bottom layer layout recommend
Reduce top layer track
Bottom
Solder in bottom layer
Top
35
Board Shape
Sheet
Board
Select and move
X:0mm Y:0mm
36
Move Board Shape
Move Board Shape
1
2
3
Select and move
4
37
Redefine Board Shape
1
Redefine Board Shape
2
3
4
38
Top layer & Bottom layer
39
Homework
All track must in bottom layer
Area limits in 3 cm x 3 cm
Upload the PCB image file
40
Schematic Library
File → New → Schematic Library → Save As…
1
2
3
4
D:\My Library\Photoresistor.SchLib
Right click
1
Photoresistor.SchLib
2
Place
Ellipse
Rectangle
Polygon
3
Place → Pin
40
U1
31
VCC
19
18
9
12
13
14
15
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
EA/VP
XTAL1
XTAL2
JP5
P0.0(AD0)
P0.1(AD1)
P0.2(AD2)
P0.3(AD3)
P0.4(AD4)
P0.5(AD5)
P0.6(AD6)
P0.7(AD7)
RESET
P3.2(INT0)
P3.3(INT1)
P3.4(T0)
P3.5(T1)
VSS
P1.0
P1.1
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
P2.0(A8)
P2.1(A9)
P2.2(A10)
P2.3(A11)
P2.4(A12)
P2.5(A13)
P2.6(A14)
P2.7(A15)
P3.7(RD)
P3.6(WR)
PSEN
ALE/P
P3.1(TXD)
P3.0(RXD)
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Header 8
17
16
29
30
11
10
89C51-DIP
20
Connect to components
4
Photoresistor pin
P
1
2
N
5
Photoresistor.SchLib
圖要畫在正中間
6
Schematic Library
1
2
5
3
4
7
Library Component Properties
Photoresistor
8
Libraries
2
1 Open new file
Sheet1.SchDoc
9
Available Libraries → Installed → Install…
1
2
10
Select Photoresistor.SchLib
2
1
11
Select Photoresistor.SchLib
Double click
12
Component Properties → Add New Model
1
2
3
13
PCB Model → Browse…
1
2
14
PCB Model → Name: AXIAL-0.3
15
Model for R1-Photoresistor
1
P N
R1
2
16
PCB Library
File → New → PCB Library → Save As…
1
2
3
4
D:\My Library\Photoresistor.PcbLib
Right click
1
Photoresistor.PcbLib
2
X:0mm Y:0mm
Select Top Overlay
1
2
Place
Pad
Round
Rectangle
Octagonal
Hole Size 1mm
Size and Shape 2mm
3
Place
Arc
Line
Top Overlay
Top Layer
Bottom Layer
元件的外觀
上層的銅線
下層的銅線
4
Photoresistor.PcbLib Designator setting
1
2
5
Photoresistor.SchLib & Photoresistor.PcbLib
P
1
2
N
6
PCB Library
1
2
5
3
Double click
4
6
Photoresistor
7
PCB Library (Cont.)
1
P N
R1
2
8
Select Photoresistor.SchLib
Double click
9
Component Properties → Add New Model
1
2
3
10
PCB Model → Browse… → …
1
2
11
Available Libraries → Installed → Install…
1
2
3
12
Browse Libraries → PCB Model
1
2
13
Model for R1-Photoresistor
1
P N
R1
2
14
Copy and Past
2 Schematic
3 PCB
4
Schematic
Copy and Past
Select Keep-Out Layer
1
15
Copy and Past (Cont.)
1
→
Edit →Copy
2
Edit →Past
16
Align at origin
Lower left corner of the component must align at origin.
X:0mm Y:0mm
17
Pin description
1
3
Q?
2SA1015
2
2
3
Q?
2SC1384
1
2
1
Q?
TIP31
3
18
Pad and Via
Pad 和 Via 最大的不同，在於 Via 沒有
designator，在繪製零件 Footprint 時，
無法成為 Pin 腳所連接的 Pad。
19
Transformer
1
3
4
2
5
某些零件 Footprint 必須在PCB板上鑽固
定用的孔，固定孔並無與 Pin 腳連接，此
時固定孔須以 Via 表示 。
20
Homework
Track in both layer
Area limits in 2 cm x 2 cm
Upload the PCB image file
RC1
1k
D2
D1N4001
R2
2.2k
C2
RB2
47k
RB1
47k
C1
0.022u
0.022u
R1
2.2k
RC2
1k
D1
VCC
12Vdc
D1N4001
V
Q1
Q2SC1840
Q2
Q2SC1815
0
R1
200
R2
800
RC1
1k
C2
RB2
47k
RB1
47k
C1
0.022u
RC2
1k
VCC
12Vdc
0.022u
V
Q1
R3 Q2SC1840
470
Q2
Q2SC1815
0
21
Output Photo file
Top Layer
Bottom Layer
Mirror
Top Overlay
1
Keep-Out Layer and Via
Place → Via
Place → Line → in Keep-Out Layer
2
File → Page Setup…→ Scale Mode → Advanced…
1
2
3
4
3
PCB Printout Properties
Double
click
Bottom
Layer
Keep Out
Layer
Top Overlay
Top Layer
4
Printout Properties
Top Layer
Keep Out Layer
5
Printout Properties (Cont.)
Top Layer
Keep Out Layer
6
PCB Printout Properties
7
Print Top Layer
File → Print Preview…→Print…
1
2
3
8
Print Bottom Layer
File → Page Setup…→ Scale Mode → Advanced…
1
2
3
4
9
PCB Printout Properties
Bottom Layer
Keep Out Layer
10
Print Bottom Layer
File → Print Preview…→Print…
1
2
3
11
Print Top overlay
File → Page Setup…→ Scale Mode → Advanced…
1
2
3
4
12
PCB Printout Properties
Top Overlay
Top Solder
Keep Out Layer
13
Print Top overlay
File → Print Preview…→Print…
1
2
3
14
PCB fabrication
Top overlay
Board
Fix top layer with components
BOM
Designator
LibRef
Value
Q1
P2N2222A
Q2
P2N2222A
R1
Res1
1K
R2
Res1
47K
R3
Res1
47K
R4
Res1
1K
C1
Cap Pol2
0.022uF
C2
Cap Pol2
0.022uF
JP1
Header 4
J1
COAX-F
15