What Planners Need to Know - American Planning Association

DAN SEFKO, FAICP,
FREESE AND NICHOLS
TOM GOOCH, P.E.,
FREESE AND NICHOLS
What Planners Need to Know
WAYNE OWEN,
TARRANT REGIONAL
WATER DISTRICT
SPEAKERS
2012 APA-Texas Chapter Conference, Fort Worth
October 5, 2012
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1
2
History
• First drought, 1908-1913 – 8 major reservoirs and 9 aquifers in Texas
• 1951-1956 drought of record – 15.5” of rain in 1956
(state-wide 100 year average 28”)
• Average June temperature
– 1953: 84.9ᵒ
̶- 2011: 85.2ᵒ
• 8 million people in Texas in 1950 – 66 major reservoirs in Texas
• Last major new reservoir built in Texas:
1990 O.H. Ivie near San Angelo
• Agrarian economy
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Droughts: 2011 and the 1950s
4
Today
•
•
•
•
•
25± million people in Texas
196 major reservoirs, many of the big ones in east Texas
9 major aquifers
More urbanized economy
Irrigation uses 56%± of our water;
Municipal uses 26%±
• We use about 40% from surface sources
and about 60% from underground
• In most major Texas cities, treated water is
less than ½ cent per gallon
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5
The Future
• 46± million people statewide
• Even more urbanized economy
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6
Texas Population Projections
7
Water Demands
8
Jurisdictional Issues
• Us versus us
WET
DRY
9
Hydro-Illogic Cycle
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10
Water Planning Process
• Process is administered through the TWDB through a
“bottom-up” concept - Senate Bill #1 in 1997
• 50 year planning period
• Regional plans consolidated into a state-wide plan
• Plan is undergoing an update now
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11
Issues
• Water sometimes not where the population is, or will be
• Many of the water supply sources are where it rains the
most – east
• Water demand crosses regional and political boundaries
• How will we pay for our future water needs?
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12
Future of Texas
• Two factors will determine the future
of Texas
– Type of future development patterns
– Water supply (new sources, reuse,
conservation, etc.)
• Transportation is important, but that is
another issue
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13
Statewide Water Planning The Basics
• Senate Bill 1 is a
grassroots effort for
statewide water
planning (1997)
• Texas divided into 16
regions
• Each regional water
planning group
develops plans meet
water needs for next 50
years
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14
Regional Water Planning
Process
• Run by Regional Water
Planning Groups
• Local and regional decisionmaking
• Open to public
• Statutory interests:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Public
Counties
Municipalities
Industries
Agriculture
Environment
Small business
– Electric generating
utilities
– River authorities
– Water districts
– Water utilities
Regional Water Planning
Process
• 50-year planning period
• Project population and water demand
• Existing supply
• Evaluate need for additional water
• Recommend strategies
Calendar of Events
• Regional water planning
process began in 1998
• Phase 1 regional water plans
completed in January 2001
• TWDB state water plan
completed in January 2002
• Phase 2 regional plans
completed in 2006, State
Plan in 2007
• Phase 3 regional plans
completed in 2010, State
Plan in 2011
• Update every 5 years
Projected Population Growth
in Texas Counties
18
Projected Demand for Water
by Type (acre-feet/year)
Projected Water Demand and
Existing Supplies (ac-ft/yr)
Water Management
Strategies
• Water management
strategies meet
projected shortages
• Water management
strategies provide
sufficient water supplies
through 2060.
• There would be some
shortages, mostly for
irrigation.
Water Needs, Needs Met by
Plans, & Strategy Supply
Costs of Not Implementing
Plan
One Year Shortage
• Business and workers
– $11.9 billion in 2010
– $115.7 billion in 2060
• Lost local and state taxes
– $1.1 billion in 2010
– $9.8 billion in 2060
• Lost jobs
– 115,000 in 2010
– 1.1 million in 2060
New Supplies –
2012 Water Plan
24
Future of Texas Water Supply
 Conservation
 Reuse
 Reallocation
– Pipelines
 New supplies
Water Conservation
• Major emphasis in State
• Water Conservation
Advisory Council
• In 2012 Water Plan
– Municipal Conservation
647,361 acre-feet/year
• 47% Region C, 16% Region H
– Irrigation Conservation
1,500,000 acre-feet/year
• 32% Region M, 24% O, 21% A
• Implementation
continues
Reuse in the 2011
Regional Plans
• Projected for 1,516,000 acre-feet
per year by 2060
• Largest in Region C (Metroplex)
• Significant amounts in Regions A,
D, and O
• Some reuse in most regions
Conservation and Reuse by
Region
1,000,000
900,000
800,000
Acre-Feet/Year
700,000
600,000
500,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
0
C
H
K
L
M
G
Existing Reuse
E
D
O
Region
Planned Reuse
F
A
I
N
B
P
J
Municipal Conservation
28
Recommended Major
Reservoirs
Designated and Recommended
Unique Reservoir Sites
Drought of 2011
Drought of 2011
2007
1956
2011
Ending date: September 30
Drought of 2011
1956
2011
1918
Ending date: September 30
Drought Response – Lake Levels
and Diversions
LOW LAKE LEVELS
CRMWD
Drought Response – Invasive
Species and Supplies
Lake Lavon Elevations - Worst 16-Month Inflows (12/55 - 3/57)
60 MGD from Dallas
495
Conservation Storage
490
480
Stage 3 Trigger
475
Stage 4 Trigger
470
465
460
455
450
Mar-13
Jan-13
Nov-12
Sep-12
Jul-12
May-12
Mar-12
Jan-12
Nov-11
Sep-11
Jul-11
May-11
Mar-11
445
Jan-11
Elevation (ft)
485
Historical Lavon Elevation
Normal Flows
Stage 3 Drought Contingency, 60 MGD Dallas
Stage 4 No Outdoor Watering below 475 ft., 60 MGD Dallas
TARRANT REGIONAL WATER DISTRICT
• Created in 1924 as a political subdivision
of State of Texas
• Approximately 213 employees
• Facilities located in eight North Central
Texas counties
• Two primary missions:
Water Supply
Flood Control
Recreation
Tarrant Regional Water District
Board of Directors
DISTRICT’S PRIMARY
WHOLESALE CUSTOMERS
Total Customer Base – 1.8 million
Sustainability Issues – Sustainability of Supplies
• Surface Water
– renewable
– climate change impacts
• Distance
– local supplies fully utilized
– future supplies from remote distances
– electricity to pump water
• Interbasin Transfers
– future supplies from neighboring regions
– aquatic invasive species
• Reuse and Conservation
WATER CONSERVATION
Trinity River
Before Treatment
End of Wetland Cell Four
After Treatment
16 Planning
Regions
Unique Reservoir Sites
TRWD and Dallas Water Supply Systems
Source: Tarrant Regional Water District and Dallas Water Utilities
TRWD provides water directly or indirectly into all or a portion of each of the 11 highlighted Counties
Confluence of Geography and Timing
IPL Plan
Tarrant Regional Water District - Integrated
Pipeline Project
57
Marvin Nichols Reservoir
Toledo Bend
Lamar
LAKE KIOWA
COLLINSVILLE
Proposed
Central Route
Cooke
(Alternative #6 and #8)
WHITEWRIGHT
WHITEWRIGHT
HOWE
BONHAM RESERVOIR
Grayson
LAKE RAY ROBERTS
LEONARD
WOLFE CITY
MCKINNEY
FARMERSVILLE
NTMWD
LUCAS
PLANO
(2
0
20 07
28 /
)
WYLIE
LAVON LAKE
A
35)
B4
CROWLEY
BURLESON
Dallas
CRANDALL
3
Q
LANCASTER
JOE POOL LAKE
MANSFIELD
JOSHUA
Dallas
D Eastside
allas
MIDLOTHIAN
ALVARADO
[
Ú
CLEBURNE
WAXAHACHIE
ENNIS
Ellis
Proposed New Pipelines
[
Ú
(201
3/20
)
MINEOLA
(20
16)
CORSICANA
LAKE
ATHENS
TRINIDAD LAKE
RICHLAND-CHAMBERS RESERVOIR
EASTMAN LAKES
035
Sabine
)
TATUM
WHITEHOUSE
B2
MARTIN
LAKE
LAKE TYLER / LAKE TYLER EAST
Henderson
TROUP
Panola
HENDERSON
CARTHAGE
LAKE PALESTINE
Rusk
[
Ú
"
LAKE MURVAUL
TENAHA
LAKE EASTEX
TIMPSON
HUBBARD
Cherokee
GARRISON
TOLEDO BEND
RESERVOIR
RUSK
WORTHAM
Neches
PALESTINE
TEHUACANA CREEK RESERVOIR
FAIRFIELD
Freestone
CENTER
Shelby
ALTO
NORTHCREST
LAKE MEXIA
BELLMEAD TRADINGHOUSE CREEK
TEAGUE
ELKHART
NACOGDOCHES
Limestone
LAKE NACOGDOCHES
MART
Nacogdoches
GROESBECK
GRAPELAND
BUFFALO
ROBINSON
Falls
Brazos
LAKE LIMESTONE
Houston
Leon
HOUSTON COUNTY LAKE
0
5
10
20
30
40
Miles
SAN AUGUSTINE
LAKE KURTH
Angelina
LUFKIN
Source:
Reservoirs Texas Water Development Board 1997
Basins TCEQ
ESRI Data & Maps 2000
Projection GCS, NAD83
Map produced and printed by KBR May 2003
TTBB
11
Tenaska
Anderson
VALLEY MILLS
LORENA
WASKOM
BRANDY BRANCH
COOLING POND
LAKE CHEROKEE
CHANDLER
Trinity
MEXIA
RECOMMENDED
Gregg
MALAKOFF
KERENS
Navarro
³
HALLSVILLE
(20
19/
2
[
Ú
Mclennan
MCGREGOR
LONGVIEW
GLADEWATER
Smith
KILGORE
ATHENS
B o sBasin
q u e Boundaries
WACO
PROPOSED
LINDALE
Van Zandt
TRINIDAD
WEST
BUILT
LAKE WACO
MARSHALL
VAN
WHITNEY
Reservoirs
Harrison
LAKE GLADEWATER
TYLER
HILLSBORO
Existing
WTP
AQUILLA LAKE
BIG SANDY LAKE
CANTON
ITALY
Proposed WTP
CADDO LAKE
GRAND SALINE
CEDAR CREEK
BARDWELL LAKE
Hill
Pump Station
JEFFERSON
EDGEWOOD
31)RESERVOIR
TRWD Delivery System
3
Q
3
Q
WILLS POINT
LAKE O' THE PINES
BIG SANDY
ITASCA
[
Ú
Marion
Upshur
GILMER
KEMP
GRANDVIEW
Dallas Delivery System
QUITMAN
KAUFMAN
PALMER
LAKE WAXAHACHIE
LINDEN
JOHNSON CREEK RESERVOIR
LITTLE CYPRESS RESERVOIR
TB2
ATLANTA
Cypress
WINNSBORO
ORE CITY
Dallas
TERRELL
Balancing
Reservoir
Kaufman
B3
I35W
Legend
Johnson
Cass
DAINGERFIELD
HUGHES SPRINGS
LONE STAR
COMBINE
FERRIS
KEENE
Wood
(2019/2034)
041
ARLINGTON
(201
9/20
LAKE FORK
A1
(20
28/
2
FORNEY
Rolling Hills
BENBROOK
MESQUITE
PITTSBURG
B1
2
DALLAS
MOUNTAIN CREEK LAKE
QUEEN CITY
Morris
LAKE BOB SANDLIN
EMORY
(2007/2028)
3
Q
!
LAKE RAY HUBBARD
NAPLES
MOUNT PLEASANT
Camp
Rains
)
IRVING
HURST
WHITE ROCK LAKE
WRIGHT PATMAN LAKE
SULPHUR SPRINGS
GARLAND
AZLE
LAKE ARLINGTON
TEXARKANA
WAKE VILLAGE
MOUNT VERNON
LAKE TAWAKONI
26
ROCKWALL
GRAPEVINE NORTH LAKE
Delta
Hopkins
CADDO MILLS
0
/2
07
33
AA
RICHARDSON
CARROLLTON
GRAPEVINE LAKE
LAKE SULPHUR SPRINGS
GREENVILLE
0
(2
LEWISVILLE
FLOWER MOUND
Franklin
Sulphur
GREENVILLE CITY LAKE
PRINCETON
FRISCO
SAGINAW
NASH
Bowie
Titus
COOPER LAKE
COMMERCE
LEWISVILLE LAKE
ARGYLE
Tarrant
D
HOOKS
MAUD
Collin
PROSPER
JUSTIN
NEW BOSTON
MARVIN NICHOLS RESERVOIR
GEORGE PARKHOUSE RESERVOIR I
Hunt
CELINA
AUBREY
DENTON
DE KALB
BOGATA
GEORGE PARKHOUSE RESERVOIR II
RIVER CREST LAKE
SANGER
KRUM
Red River
VAN ALSTYNE
PILOT POINT
Denton
Fannin
DRAFT
San
Augustine
Sabine
Challenges to Water Supply Strategies
•
•
•
•
•
Competing land uses
Competition for water supply
State and Federal legislation
Environmental flows
State and Federal agencies
and approval process
• Permitting
• Distance to available supplies
• Costs
60
Federal Permitting
• National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) establishes the broad national
framework for protecting our environment. The basic policy is to assure that all
branches of government give proper consideration to the environment prior to
undertaking any major federal action that significantly affects the environment
• Clean Water Act (CWA) - establishes the basic structure for regulating
discharges of pollutants into the waters of the United States and regulating
quality standards for surface waters (
• Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) – is the key federal law for protecting public
water supplies from harmful contaminants
• Endangered Species Act (ESA) - provides a program for the conservation of
threatened and endangered plants and animals and the habitats in which they
are found
61
State Permitting
• Water Rights Permit (Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
TCEQ)
62
Invasive Species
Zebra Mussels
Giant Salvinia
Hydrilla
Salt Cedar
63
Southeast
Oklahoma
• Pros
– Available supply
– Limited environmental impacts
– Lower transmission cost
• Cons
– Political opposition to export of
water
– Tribal claims to water supply
65
Oklahoma
• 2002 Oklahoma Legislature enacts moratorium on out of state
water transfers
• TRWD Federal law suit seeks ruling on constitutionality of
Oklahoma’s embargo on out of state water sales or transfers
• Discussions ongoing with Oklahoma interests on potential water
agreement
“Gulf-bound water”
Federal Involvement
The Red River Compact
Federal Involvement
Indian Nations