march 2014 - New London County Historical Society

Bushnell’s Mine Almost Sinks a Frigate
When the Royal Navy fleet of warships
and transports, carrying a British army
of more than 7,000 soldiers, passed New
London, Connecticut, on December 6,
1776, the British were just a few days
from easily capturing Newport, Rhode
Island and bottling up the privateers and
commercial vessels from Providence,
Bristol, and other ports in Narragansett
and Mount Hope Bays. The British navy
turned its attention as well to New London, which had the most active port in
southeastern New England during the
war, sending out many commercial vessels in the West Indies trade and privateers to prey on British shipping.
During the Revolutionary War, New
London had in action fifty-nine privateers, which captured more than 150
British vessels and 300 prizes overall.
Nathaniel Shaw, Jr., the leading merchant and patriot in New London, acted
as Naval Agent for the Continental navy
and the state navy of Connecticut. He
owned outright ten privateers and
owned interests in two more, which
brought in fifty-seven prizes. New London merchant Thomas Mumford also
owned ten privateers and interests in
two others. New London’s John
Deshon, who served on the Continental
Navy Board of the Eastern Department
By Christian M. McBurney
and a Connecticut state navy committee,
owned eight privateers and an interest in
one other that captured eight prizes. Sir
George Collier, an admiral of the British
fleet out of New York, called New London “a famous receptacle for privateers,
and was thought on that account to injure British trade as much as any harbor
in America.”
The British naval command commenced
a blockade of New London using a single frigate—the 28-gun HMS Cerberus—
from the time that the British fleet arrived in Black Point Bay west of New
London on its way to Newport in early
December 1776. She captured the following: on December 11, the Lyon out
of New London, carrying lumber and
horses; on December 30, the brig Liberty
bound from New London to the West
Indies, carrying horses, flour and lum-
ber; and on January 30, a commercial
brig out of New London, also bound
for the West Indies. The Cerberus carried the brig into Newport.
The 32-gun frigate Amazon replaced
Cerberus for the months of February
and March, bringing New London
commerce to a halt and creating panic
in the town from fear that British marines would stage a raid. In February,
New London merchant Nathaniel
Shaw wrote that trade in the port
town was at a standstill due the British
blockade.
Connecticut authorities could not do
much to stop the blockade by British
frigates, but steps were taken to insure
that they were not provided with food,
supplies or intelligence by local Tories
or others. The Connecticut General
(Continued on page 5)
Priceless?
The Second Annual Antiques Appraisal Event 10 April
Do you have an antique or a family heirloom you think might be priceless? Find
out at our Second Annual Antique Appraisal and Silent Auction fundraiser.
Thursday, April 10th at New London’s Historic Thames Club. Tickets are $20
(which includes one appraisal and hors d’oeuvres) and you can purchase additional appraisal tickets for $5 (limit of 3). A cash bar and food will also be available. Exciting Silent Auction items will have you checking the bid sheets often.
Purchase tickets on the NLCHS website, or call.
NEW LONDON COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY
NEWSLETTER
1
“Ye Towne’s Antientest Buriall Place”
The Rogerses
T
here were numerous members
of the Rogers family in eighteenth century New London, all
apparently descended from the first
James Rogers who came to New London sometime between 1656 and 1660.
Writing in the mid-nineteenth century,
historian Frances Caulkins said,
“Perhaps no one of the early settlers of
New London, numbers at the present
day so great a throng of descendants as
James Rogers.” (202) He and his wife
had five sons, all of whom had several
to many children. Since they followed
the usual pattern of using family first
names, it is very easy to mix up, say, one
James (or Samuel, or John, or Jonathan,
or. . .) with another. Joshua Hempstead
the diarist frequently used occupation to
distinguish them, such as James Rogers
Mariner (Aug. 20, 1743) and John
Rogers Cooper (July 10, 1745). There
was also Jonathan Rogers Stick, who
had a wooden leg (Dec. 28, 1731).
Rogers was buried. died yesterday of a
Swelling his Crotch & lower parts yt
Stopt his Water &c. he hath had it but
about a Week.” He was 49. The Rogers
genealogy has a different explanation of
his death, “He was killed by the dischage of a gun set by the Indians to kill
a fox. . .” This might have been a different James Rogers, or apocryphal. It
would certainly have been more acceptable to Victorian sensibilities than
Hempstead’s version.
The gravestones of the first three members of the James Rogers family buried
in the burying ground all have the
wrong dates on their gravestones. The
usual cause of such discrepancies was a
long delay in having a headstone carved.
If no one had written down the date, for
instance in the family Bible, memory
blurred and did not always produce the
right date.
James’s stone is off by the most. It says
he died Nov. 6, 1714, aged 63. James
In this article we will be covering the
was born February 15, 1652 (all dates in
relatively few members of the Rogers
New Style) in Milford. He married Mary
family who have headstones in the AnJordan November 5, 1674. According to
tientest Burial Ground. Almost all of
the Rogers genealogy, “He was called
them come from the James (son of the
‘mariner,’ and appears to have been a
first James) branch of the family.
ship-master to the last, but taking
The one man who does not belong to
shorter voyages as he grew older.” The
that branch of the family was named,
genealogy also paraphrases Caulkins’s
inevitably, James. This James was the
story about his marriage: “He comson of Joseph Rogers of Poquoyaug
manded the vessel which brought over
(now the Pleasure Beach area of Water- the family of Jeffrey Jordan, and when
ford). James was born in 1672 in New
he arrived he purchased the eldest
London. He married Sarah Stevens of
daughter, Mary, and married her. In
Killingworth on March 27, 1699, and
after life he was accustomed to say that
they had nine children. Hempstead reit was the richest cargo he ever shipped
cords in his diary on July 22, 1721,
and the purchase of Mary was the best
“James Rogers of Poguoyoag Son of Jos bargain he ever made.” The Jordans had
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NEW LONDON COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY
NEWSLETTER
been Redemptioners, people who
came over and then worked off their
passage by being indentured servants.
According to the genealogy, James was
an active member of the Rogerene
sect, and paid the usual price of fines
and imprisonment for his beliefs. (This
may or may not be accurate. See reference to the many Jameses, above. For
more information on the Rogerenes,
see the references below.) As for the
actual date of his death, Hempstead
notes on Sunday, November 8, 1713,
“James Rogers Senr Died this morn
about 9 clock. Mond 9th fair.. . . In ye
aftern I went to ye funeral.” James
died quite well off; his inventory filled
three folio pages.
James’s wife Mary had predeceased
him by several months. Her gravestone says she died February 8, 1713,
(Continued on page 4)
A Spring filled with Heritage Events
I
f it’s time for the March newsletter, spring is nearly here! We have had a
busy winter at the Shaw Mansion, and we are anticipating an even busier
spring.
New and Renewed
Members
The most important part of my message is to thank all of you who have contributed so generously to the annual fund. We have received donations, large and
small, from many members. Without their stalwart support, we would not be
able to offer our programs or make the plans we have for the upcoming months.
I hope that many of you have been able to enjoy this winter’s Second Sunday
programs of historical talks. In January we had a wonderful program on Edward
Baker’s and Tricia Royston’s favorite objects in our collection. This also served
as a farewell to Tricia who has retired after working as our librarian and archivist
for eight years. We miss her already. In February Dr. Jason Mancini from the
Mashantucket Pequot Museum presented a ground-breaking talk on NativeAmerican mariners and whalemen out of New London. On March 9th, we will
have a chance to hear about the rare treasures in our map collection. Did you
know we own one of the earliest maps of Chicago?
Even more exciting is the return of our antiques appraisal event, Priceless? on
Thursday, April 10th. After a successful inaugural event last year at the Garde
Arts Center, generously hosted by Steve and Jeanne Siegel, this year Priceless? is
moving to the historic Thames Club. The Priceless? Committee of Karyn Garside, Karen Beasely, Christopher Donohue, and Fawn Walker are making sure
that this year’s event surpasses the last. Channel 3’s Scott Haney will be our honorary chairman. We will have eight to ten skillful appraisers who will help you
distinguish your collectibles from your priceless treasures, we will offer refreshments, and the Thames Club will have a cash bar. There will be door prizes, and
a silent auction that will include the chance to purchase a week-long time share.
Please save the date and mark your calendars for a wonderful evening. Advance
ticket sales will available through our website.
Also in our future is the late May arrival of the Charles W. Morgan, making its first
port call in New London on its return to the sea. The New London County Historical Society will be presenting a new exhibit, “Whaling out of New London,”
opening on May 21st to coincide with the Morgan’s visit to New London. This
brand-new exhibit will tell the story of New London’s important role in the
whaling industry and highlight the many unique objects in the collection that link
our society to New London’s whaling heritage. We plan a preview party to give
you a first peek at our often hidden treasures. We will also be working with the
New London Maritime Museum and New London Landmarks for a fund-raising
party to be held on the deck of the Morgan in June.
Please join us in celebrating New London’s heritage at one or all of these events!
Thank you, Nancy Steenburg
NEW LONDON COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY
NEWSLETTER
3
The Rogerses (continued)
(Continued from page 2)
aged 62, but the 8th was the date of her
funeral. Hempstead says on Saturday,
February 7th, “James Rogers Senr his
wife died this morn at James House.
Sund 8 fair. I was att Ms Rogers’s funeral in the forenoon & at Meeting in ye
aftern.” The reference to James’s house
most like referred to her son James.
Mary may have been at her son’s house
to nurse his wife, Elizabeth, whose stone
says she died February 28, 1713, aged
32. Hempstead, however, notes on January 31st “James Rogers’s wife Died this
morn. Sunda febry 1. . . James Rogers
Junr wife was Buried between Meetings.
very Sharp Cold.” The Rogers genealogy
gives a reference which stated Elizabeth’s maiden name was Harris, but says
“no record has been found showing
such to be the fact.” Apparently the author could not find a date for the marriage, either. James was born February 2,
1675. He owned the covenant in 1701,
and their children were baptized in the
Congregational Church. After Elizabeth’s death, James joined the church
March 15th. He was published to Freelove Hurlbut June 21 (as per Hempstead; the genealogy says June 29, which
was not a Sunday) of that year. They
moved to Norwalk, CT, and had several
more children. James died July 9, 1735,
in Norwalk.
The remaining Rogers stones in the
burying ground are all for children. Ichabod, one of James’s grandsons, and
his wife Ruth have two children with
headstones there. Ichabod was born
February 14, 1727, and baptized February 19th. He married Ruth Shapley April
21, 1751. Ruth was well known to
Joshua Hempstead. She made several
jackets, pairs of breeches, and once a
great coat for the Hempstead household from 1747-1749. Ichabod died in
1767, and is called a mariner on the
inventory of his estate. The children
with headstones are Ruth, died June 26,
1752, aged 9 months, and Ichabod,
died December 25, 1758, aged 1 year
and 5 months. It is possible they have
other children buried in the burying
ground; the genealogy lists seven children, at least three of whom died quite
young.
Benjamin, another son of Ichabod, and
his wife Rhoda (Coit), also have a child
buried in the burying ground. Benjamin
was born in 1754, and married Rhoda
August 17, 1777. She was born in 1757.
Benjamin died in 1814, and Rhoda in
1831. They had eleven children, several
of whom died either young or unmarried. The only stone for that family in
the burying ground, however, is for
their son Benjamin, who was born November 20, 1778, and died October 20,
The stones for all of the adults above are 1790, aged 13.
together, toward the rear of the burying
These are hard to find. I could not find
ground (from the main entry on HempRuth’s at all. It is supposed to be to the
stead Street) and somewhat to the left.
left of the stone for Thomas Avery,
Mary and Elizabeth are buried either
which is clear. Ichabod’s is behind
side of their husband. Both of those
Avery’s. The lower part of it is spalled.
stones are in good condition. James’s is
Benjamin’s stone is behind the stone
worn and faint. James, son of Joseph, is
for Adam Shapley, and is sunk fairly
in front of their stones. His stone is also
deep. All of these are to the left of the
in good condition.
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NEW LONDON COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY
NEWSLETTER
adult stones, near the table stone for
Elizabeth Livingstone.
The last Rogers child in the burying
ground is Josiah, son of Josiah and Lucretia. The father Josiah was the son of
William (son of James, son of James, so
a cousin of Ichabod). He was born in
1731, and was a successful privateering
captain. He died of smallpox, and is
buried near the old light house. His
widow Lucretia married Nathaniel
Shaw, Jr., and young Josiah, who died
March 20, 1764, aged 7 years and 8
months, is buried with the group of
Shaw graves. (See the newsletter for
May, 2011, for more details.)
Patricia M. Schaefer
References:
Caulkins, Frances Manwaring, The History of New London, Connecticut to 1860.
New London, CT: New London
County Historical Society, 2007.
Hempstead, Joshua, The Diary of Joshua
Hempstead, 1711-1758. New London,
CT: New London County Historical
Society, 1999.
Prentis, Edward, Ye Antient Buriall Place
of New London, Conn. New London:
Press of the Day Publishing Co., 1899.
Rogers, James Swift, James Rogers of New
London, CT, and his Descendants. Boston:
Published by the Compiler, 1902.
Schaefer, Patricia M. A Useful Friend: A
Companion to the Joshua Hempstead Diary
1711-1758. New London, CT: New
London County Historical Society,
2008.
Caulkins and Schaefer both have information on the Rogerenes. For information from a Rogerene point of view, see
Bolles, John Rogers and Anna Bolles
Williams, The Rogerenes: Some Hitherto
Unpublished Annals Belonging to the Colonial History of Connecticut. Boston: Stanhope Press, F. H. Gilson Co., 1904.
Also available through archive.org.
Bushnell’s Mine Almost Sinks a Frigate
(Continued from page 1)
Assembly enacted a law prohibiting
any person from taking a small craft
on the water without written permission from a town selectman. On
March 6, New London selectmen
went further, ordering all vessel
owners to bring their boats to New
London harbor above Fort Trumbull. In April, Governor Trumbull
and the Connecticut Council of
Safety inspected Fort Trumbull at
New London and Fort Griswold
across the river in Groton.
Surprisingly, given New London’s
active role in privateering and supplying the American army with provisions brought into its port, British
ships were not permanently stationed outside of the port. The New
London blockade ended in late
March 1777, coinciding with the
departure of Admiral Lord Richard
Howe’s fleet from its winter station
at Newport. The failure to blockade
New London permanently was a
strategic error on the part of the
British navy’s high command, although Admiral Howe may have
believed that he lacked a sufficient
number of warships. With no British frigate stationed outside New
London, Connecticut privateers
from there and other ports were
able to intercept ships sailing between the British headquarters at
New York and the Newport garrison. For example, in early May
1777, two British supply ships on
their way from New York to Newport were captured by American
privateers and brought into a safe
Connecticut port. One of the ships
carried prominent Newport Loyalist
John Freebody, who was reportedly carrying $20,000 in cash and notes.
Still, British cruisers hunted American
vessels outside the New London harbor
with some frequency. For example, on
April 21, 1777, two vessels coming out of
New London and Stonington were captured by a British frigate near Block Island. In mid-July 1777, Captain Andrew
Palmer, while commanding a small sloop
from Stonington, was captured and
“carried into Newport.” Palmer would
eventually die of small pox in a British
prison ship in Newport. Other members
of his crew also died resulting from the
deplorable conditions on board the Newport prison ship and an outbreak of disease, including his lieutenant, a gunner
and the vessel’s cooper.
The cat-and-mouse game continued. On
July 20, twenty-three British war ships
and transport ships were spotted sailing
to the east towards New London. Alarm
guns were fired in New London, and the
local militia gathered to defend against an
invasion, but the fleet continued on its
way eastward. Not missing any opportunity, the next day the armed schooner Spy
slipped out of New London harbor and
captured two vessels from the fleet that
had stayed back to pick up some wood
on Long Island.
In early August 1777, with the HMS Cerberus back patrolling outside New London
harbor, David Bushnell had an idea of
how to destroy the frigate. This led to
one of the most unusual naval attacks not
only of the entire Revolutionary War, but
in all of naval history. The instigator,
David Bushnell, was an inventor and Yale
College graduate from the coastal village
of Westbrook, Connecticut. At Yale, he
had experimented with underwater explo-
sions and timed bombs. In September
1776, he had engaged in a brilliant but
failed attempt to use what is called the
first submarine to attach a time bomb to
a British warship. The attempt failed because the operator of his vessel, called the
Turtle, could not bore a hole into the submerged vessel’s hull. While he is today
renowned for that effort, he is less
known for experimenting with a “water
bomb,” which essentially was a stationary
drift mine loaded with gun powder. During Governor Trumbull’s and the Connecticut Council of Safety’s visit to troubled New London in April 1777, they
visited with Bushnell. It was probably at
this time that the inventor gave the following demonstration:
To show that powder could be made to
explode under water, I first demonstrated before some noted personages
in Connecticut, with 2 ounces of gunpowder placed 4 feet under water, and
then by using 2 pounds of gunpowder
placed in a wooden bottle under a
hogshead, with a 2-inch plank between
the hogshead and the powder. The
hogshead was loaded with stones . . . A
wooden pipe, descending through the
lower head of the hogshead and
through the plank into the powder in
the bottle, was primed with powder. A
match put to the priming exploded the
powder with great effect, splintering
the wood plank, demolishing the hogshead, and casting the ruins of the hogshead, stones, and a column of water
many feet in the air.
Impressed by the display and intrigued by
a chance to retaliate against a British war
ship, the Council of Safety provided
Bushnell with supplies and encouragement for his new “invention for annoying
ships, etc….”
On the night of August 13, Bushnell laid
plans for sinking the British frigate Cerberus, which was then anchored in Black
Point Bay. Just that morning, the frigate
NEW LONDON COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY
NEWSLETTER
5
(Continued from page 5)
had captured and burned a schooner off
Plum Island. Bushnell personally sat in
the whale boat while oarsmen rowed in
the darkness, towing two of his mines
toward the Cerberus. Each mine was
loaded with powder and was to be detonated by a flintlock mechanism; and each
one was connected by a line of about 600
yards long, buoyed by small sticks of
wood at intervals. As Bushnell later described his device, “The machine was
loaded with powder, to be exploded by a
gun-lock, which was to be unpinioned by
an apparatus to be turned by being
brought alongside of the frigate.” It is not
clear from his description if this mine had
a timed mechanism to trigger the explosion, as did his bomb for his submarine.
Stealthily, Bushnell released one of the
mines and let it float towards the unsuspecting Cerberus. Next, allowing the line
to trail behind the boat, the whaleboat
crew rowed ahead of the British frigate
until the entire length of the line had
been reached. Then they dropped the
other mine in the water, allowing the tide
to do the rest of the work. Bushnell’s goal
was for a mine to attach itself to the Cerberus without being noticed by the British
and for the flintlock mechanism to trigger
the explosion of the mine.
One of the mines was spotted by alert
British sailors before it became attached
to the Cerberus. At about 10 p.m., the
commander of the Cerberus, Captain John
Symons, ordered the line of one of the
mines to be towed in. The other end of
the mine’s line was spotted by sailors
aboard a schooner, which Bushnell had
not seen in the night, that was anchored
next to the Cerberus. Thinking it was a
fishing line, the sailors aboard the schooner hauled it in. When they got to the
strange heavy iron mechanism, three men
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NEW LONDON COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY
struggled to bring it onto the schooner’s deck. About five minutes after it
was hauled aboard, while three sailors
were tinkering with the mechanical device in the stern of the schooner, the
mine exploded. The explosion destroyed the schooner, instantly killed
the three men, and blew a fourth man
in the bow of the vessel into the water,
wounded. Captain Symons immediately
dispatched a boat to rescue the survivor
and ordered the line towing the second
mine to be cut.
The log of the Cerberus stated the explosion set the schooner “on fire and burst
the sides of her out so that she sank
immediately.” Bushnell’s attempt to
sink the Cerberus, while failing through
bad luck, did result in the Cerberus returning immediately to Newport so that
Symons could inform Admiral Peter
Parker of the incident and warn other
British naval officers of the threat. “[T]
he ingenuity of these people is singular
in their secret modes of mischief,”
complained Symons to his superior.
The schooner was the first vessel ever
destroyed by an exploding mine. Despite the promise of the mine as a
weapon, no more of them were used in
southeastern New England. Mines
would increase in effectiveness once
they were triggered by a ship contacting
them, as opposed to using Bushnell’s
timed or other mechanism. Bushnell
later applied other innovative ideas to
floating mines in the Philadelphia
theater.
The crew of the Cerberus was shaken
but not deterred from its task of
blockading New London harbor. Back
in action on August 16, it ran a commercial schooner, the Olive, on its way
back from the West Indies to New
London, onto a Rhode Island beach.
The next day, it drove a sloop from
Connecticut heading for home onto
the same beach. The same day, a sloop
out of New London was taken by a
tender of the Cerberus, but crew members managed to escape in a small
boat to Block Island and eventually
made their way back to Connecticut.
The dangerous cat-and-mouse game
between the Royal Navy and New
London privateers would continue for
the remainder of the war.
Christian McBurney, a member of the historical society, resides in the Washington,
D.C. area and is an independent historian
who has authored the recently released Kidnapping the Enemy: The Special Operations to Capture Generals Charles
Lee and Richard Prescott (Westholme,
2014). He is also the author of The Rhode
Island Campaign: The First French
and American Operation of the Revolutionary War (Westholme, 2011). For
more information on these books, see
www.christianmcburney.com.
To read this article with full footnotes
please go to the NLCHS website:
nlhistory.org/?p=2292
Save These Dates for a Spring filled with Heritage Events
9 March—Second Sunday — Maps in the collection — Shaw Mansion 4pm
10 April—Priceless? Annual Antiques Appraisal Event — Thames Club at 5pm
21 May—“Whaling Out of New London” exhibition opening
22 May—National Maritime Day
24 May—MORGAN open to the public in New London for free
22 June—Connecticut's Historic Gardens Day
NEWSLETTER
Books available from the New London County Historical Society
The Amistad Incident as Reported in the New London Gazette & General Advertiser. (NLCHS)
$5
The History of the Amistad Captives. (NLCHS)
$10
A reproduction of a pamphlet by JW Barber, 1840.
Black Roots in Southeastern Connecticut, 1650-1900 by Barbara Brown and Dr. James Rose. (NLCHS)
This republished book is a milestone in genealogical research of African Americans and Native Americans in New London County.
$35
The Diary of Joshua Hempstead 1711-1758. (NLCHS)
$75
For Oil and Buggy Whips: Whaling Captains of New London County, Connecticut, by Barnard Colby.
$18
Revised 1999. Personal journal serves as fascinating and invaluable account of Connecticut life in early 18th century.
Biographical sketches of local whaling captains document New London’s role in this industry.
Greetings from New London. (NLCHS)
$10
Life on a Whaler, by Nathaniel W. Taylor. (NLCHS)
$25
Collection of early 20th-century postcards from our archives.
Story of Taylor’s two-year Antarctic voyage as physician aboard New London’s Julius Caesar (1851-53).
New London Goes to War - New London during World War II, by Clark van der Lyke.
Drawn from the records and correspondence of the New London City Council. (NLCHS)
The Colonial Burying Grounds of Eastern Connecticut, by James A. Slater.
Fully illustrated with photographs, this book provides a description of and maps the burial grounds of eastern Connecticut.
Common to this Country: Botanical Discoveries of Lewis & Clark, by Susan Munger.
Illustrated volume exploring plants discovered by Lewis and Clark on their westward expedition.
The Day Paper, by Gregory N. Stone.
$40
$23
$30
History of New London’s award-winning daily newspaper.
Steam Coffin: Captain Moses Rogers and the Steamship Savannah Break the Barrier, by John Lawrence Busch.
New London native son Moses Rogers and the first crossing of the Atlantic by a steam-powered vessel.
Murder of Mayhem? – Benedict Arnold’s New London, Connecticut Raid, 1781, by Dr. Walter L. Powell.
Excellent research in a small readable format.
History of New London, Connecticut: from the first survey of the coast in 1612 to 1860, by Frances Caulkins
With a new introduction and a revised index 2007 (NLCHS).
History of Norwich, Connecticut: from its possession by the Indians to the year 1866, by Frances Caulkins
With a new introduction and a new index 2009 (NLCHS).
Prospero’s America: John Winthrop, Jr., Alchemy, and the Creation of New England Culture, 1606-1676
Excellent examination of New London’s founder, from Walter Woodward, the Connecticut State Historian.
“The Rockets’ Red Glare:” The War of 1812 and Connecticut, by Dr. Glenn S. Gordinier.
Written to accompany the 2012 exhibition at the Lyman Allyn, this work is full of local connections to this war that shaped Connecticut (NLCHS).
For Adam’s Sake: A Family Saga in Colonial New England, by Allegra di Bonaventura
A new work exploring the lives and families of Joshua Hempstead and that of Adam Jackson, his slave, and other early New London families.
These Images of America titles available from NLCHS
New London
New London Firefighting
Reinventing New London
Naval Submarine Base New London
Lighthouses and Life Saving along the Connecticut
and Rhode Island Coast
Groton
Groton Revisited
Mystic
$11
$20
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Receive a 10%
Discount.
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If ordering by mail, please add $5 shipping and handling for the first two books and $1 for each
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