WOOD COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Prepared by

Transcription

WOOD COUNTY
HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN
Prepared by:
Wood County Hazard Mitigation Committee
Under Authority of:
WOOD COUNTY COMMISSIONERS COURT
Approved On: _______________________________
___________________________________________
The Honorable, Royce McCoy
County Judge
___________________________________________
The Honorable, Roy Shipp, Commissioner
Precinct 1
___________________________________________
The Honorable, Jerry Gaskill, Commissioner
Precinct 2
___________________________________________
The Honorable, Roger Pace, Commissioner
Precinct 3
___________________________________________
The Honorable, Jerry Galloway, Commissioner
Precinct 4
2
Resolution
WOOD COUNTY
3
Resolution
CITY OF ALBA
Resolution
CITY OF HAWKINS
Resolution
CITY OF MINEOLA
Resolution
CITY OF QUITMAN
Resolution
CITY OF WINNSBORO
Resolution
CITY OF YANTIS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Preparation of this plan was the result of countless hours of work on the part of
many individuals, both on and adjunct to the Wood County Hazard Mitigation
Committee. We acknowledge the significant contributions by the support
committee, most notably David Stevenson, Committee Chair (Mineola), Jim
Devine, Assistant Committee Chair (Wood County), A.B. Jennings (Wood
County), David Madsen & Jason Shanks (City of Mineola), Owen Reynolds (City
of Alba), Jon Thorwald, Gary Simpkins, Floyd Nichols, Shawn Richey, Bobby
Brown, Scott Wheeler & Bubba Phillips (City of Quitman), Darrel ”Red” Bailey,
Charlie Sanders (Holly Lake), A.J. Randal (City of Hawkins), Carolyn Jones, Pat
Patrick, & Barney Anderson (City of Winnsboro), Paula Thomas (Smith County
Public Health), Tom Pegues & Troy Henry (Sabine River Authority), Gary
McKinley (Wood County Industrial Comm.), & T.J. Henshaw (Lands End).
Without their help, this document could not have been completed.
The East Texas Council of Governments has put an enormous amount of time
and energy into obtaining funding and assisting in and ensuring that the
development of the County’s Hazard Mitigation Action Plan was completed
successfully. The Committee would like to thank:
The East Texas Council of Governments
Glynn Knight, Executive Director
Mark Sweeney, Director of Regional Services & Development
Mike Murray, Community Development Manager
Gary R. Traylor & Associates assisted in gathering data pertaining to hazards
and incorporated this with information from the Committee and the Forest
Resources Institute. The Committee would like to thank:
Gary R. Traylor & Associates
Gary R. Traylor, President
The tireless work by staff members of The Forest Resources Institute assisted in
data acquisition and mapping needs for the Plan. Hence, the Committee would
like to thank:
The Forest Resources Institute Hazard Mitigation Team
Dr. James Kroll, Director
P. R. Blackwell, Information Scientist
Susan Henderson, Research Associate, GIS Project Manager
Jimmi Fischer Rushing, Research Associate, Information Specialist
Jim Bills, Research Associate, System Administrator
Donna Lipschutz, Administrative Assistant
Jason Grogan, Research Associate, Forest Measurements
Terry Corbett, Jr., Research Technician, Forest Measurements
Greg Fuselier, Student Assistant, Assistant Project Manager
Thomas Henderson, Student Assistant, GIS Technician
Jacob McKinney, Student Assistant, GIS Technician
10
Justin Piwetz, Student Assistant, Web Development
Stephen Munzinger, Student Assistant, GIS Technician
Richard McKinney, Student Assistant, GIS Technician
Kim Johnson, Student Assistant, Administrative Staff
________________________________________________________________
Gary R. Traylor & Associates conducted an initial review of the Plan, which has
been developed over the past 6 months and submitted to the Division of
Emergency Management on March 19, 2004.
Gary R. Traylor & Associates
phone:
903-581-0500
fax:
903-581-4245
e-mail:
[email protected]
11
TABLE OF CONTENTS
WOOD COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN
Background and Authority…………………..……………………………………..14
Community Profile …………………………………………………………….........15
Documentation of the Planning Process ……….…………………….…………26
Identification of Hazards……………….………………………………….….........30
Hazard Exposure Profile………………………………………….………………...37
Thunderstorm………………………………………………………………………...39
Lightning ...…….……………………………………………………….....................41
Hail …………….……………………………………………………….………..........42
Tornado …...…………………………………………………………………............44
Wildfire …………………………………………………………………………… …..49
Drought …….………………………………………………………………………....56
Flash Flood ….……..…………………………………………………………………58
Winter Storms/Ice Storms…………………………………………………….........66
Hazardous Materials …………………………………………………………..........70
Disease ………………….. …………………………………………………………...72
Earthquake ……………………………………………………………………….......73
Dam Failure …..……………………….…….…………………………………... …...75
Assessing Vulnerability & Risks…............................................................ …...79
Prioritizing Hazards…………………………………………………………….. …...80
Estimating Potential Losses..…………………………………………….………114
Analyzing Development Trends………………………………………………….118
Hazard Mitigation Goals………………………………………………….….........120
Action Items Summary ……………………………………………….…………...126
12
Implementation of Action Items …………………………………………………132
Plan Maintenance …………………………………………………………………..150
Plan Adoption …………………………………………………………………........150
Formation of the Committee and Implementation of Action Items ……….150
Work Schedule ……………………………………………………………...….. ….176
Formal Review Process …………………………………………………………..176
Continued Public Involvement ………………………………………………. ….177
Effectiveness Assessments ……………………………………………………...178
Appendix 1 – Historical Storm Event Data
Verification of Participation
13
Introduction
Natural and man-made hazard events have occurred in Wood County and will
continue to occur in Wood County. The occurrences of floods, tornados, winter
storms, earthquakes, wildfires, and other hazardous events are inevitable.
Disasters occur when human activity such as buildings, infrastructure,
agriculture, and other land uses take place in the path of the forces of nature.
The man-made environment is not nearly as, destructible, nor as recuperative as
the natural environment, and the occurrence of a natural hazard can result in
damages and hardships that impact the physical environment and the economy
for several years following the event.
As a governing body, Wood County does not have the power to control the
inevitable hazard events, but it does have the power to identify and implement
mitigation measures to reduce damage and risk to human lives in order to ensure
that it is protecting the health, safety, and welfare of its residents and to become
a more sustainable community.
Background and Authority
The cost of disasters continue to rise, so the emergency management
professionals, as well as, the general public must find ways to reduce hazard
risks affecting the County and all municipalities within.
The Hazard Mitigation Planning Process is the result of a series of federal and
state legislative / executive mandates aimed at significantly reducing the impacts
of various hazards at county and city levels. Authority to conduct this mitigation
process comes from the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Assistance Act
(1998), the Disaster Mitigation Act, Secs. 322 and 323 (2000), The Federal
Emergency
Management
Agency
(FEMA)
Interim
Final
Rule
(http://www.fema.gov.) and the Texas Executive Order RP-12. The latter was
signed by Governor Rick Perry on April 3, 2002, which established the
Emergency Management Council, and designated the Division of Emergency
Management to administer and supervise the provisions of the Act, including
distribution of HMGP funds. The directive designated the mayor of each
municipality and county judge as Emergency Management Directors for the
respective political subdivisions. The directive also authorizes each political
subdivision to establish inter-jurisdictional agencies by intergovernmental
agreement as needed.
The Wood County Hazard Mitigation Action Plan covers Wood County and
the cities of Alba, Hawkins, Mineola, Quitman, Winnsboro, and Yantis. It is
awaiting FEMA approval prior to adoption by any jurisdiction. Once the plan is
adopted by each of the jurisdictions, the corresponding resolution will be inserted
within this Plan and replace the “Resolution” placeholder on page 3. Copies of
the Plan will be available at the County Courthouse as well as each jurisdiction.
14
It should be noted that the following cities straddle County lines, but are
participating only in the Wood County Hazard Mitigation Action Plan:
Alba
Quitman
Winnsboro
Rains and Wood Counties
Briscoe and Wood Counties
Franklin and Wood Counties
(No jurisdiction within the County is designated for special consideration because
of minority or economically disadvantaged population.)
Community Profile
In order to effectively understand the importance of this plan, the Committee felt
that it would be necessary to inventory community assets that would be at risk.
The characteristics of community assets may also assist in identifying why
particular areas of the County are more vulnerable to a hazard event than other
areas. For example, the soil permeability may determine how vulnerable an area
is to flooding.
Included within this section is also a community profile that includes economic,
demographic, and environmental data to be used as a tool throughout this
planning process.
Regional Setting
Understanding how a community and its surroundings grow over time is the first
step toward effective planning. Wood County is in northeastern Texas between
Interstate highways 20 and 30. Quitman, the county seat, is eighty miles east of
Dallas and thirty miles north of Tyler. The county's center is at 95°20' north
latitude and 32°45' west longitude. Wood County comprises 689 square miles of
the East Texas timberlands with an elevation of 250 to 600 feet above sea level.
The following cities lie within Wood County:
Alba
Hawkins
Mineola
Quitman
Winnsboro
Yantis
15
Demographics
16
According to the 2000 Census, Wood County has approximately 36,752 people
inhabiting the County. The table below shows each City’s population growth or
decline as compared to that of the State and the County.
Population Changes of Alba, Hawkins, Mineola, Quitman, Winnsboro,
Yantis, Wood County, & the State of Texas
1990
2000
Rate of
Change
Alba
489
459
-6.54%
Hawkins
1,309
1,319
.76%
Mineola
4,321
4,541
4.84%
Quitman
1,684
2,032
17.13%
Winnsboro
2,904
3,689
21.28%
Yantis
210
344
38.95%
Wood County
29,380
36,752
20.06%
State of Texas
16,986,510
20,851,820
18.54%
Source: United States Census Bureau 2000; American Factfinder
Age Distribution
Please see the table below for the break-down of age distribution of inhabitants
of Wood County and its incorporated cities. (shown as percent)
Quitman Winnsboro
Yantis
Van Zandt State of
County
Texas
Alba
Hawkins
Mineola
Under 5 years
5.7
6.6
6.2
5.6
5.9
7.8
5.2
7.7
5 to 9 years
10.9
6.6
7.4
6.4
4.3
7.6
6.0
8.0
10 to 14 years
8.5
7.1
7.8
5.5
5.2
5.5
6.4
7.9
15 to 19 years
5.2
9.2
6.8
6.0
7.8
5.2
7.0
7.7
20 to 24 years
5.7
5.2
5.4
4.9
8.1
8.7
5.0
7.4
25 to 34 years
11.8
10.8
9.0
10.0
11.6
14.0
9.6
15.0
35 to 44 years
12.0
11.8
13.1
12.7
15.0
19.2
13.7
16.3
45 to 54 years
8.3
13.8
11.2
10.9
8.9
9.3
13.1
12.5
55 to 59 years
7.4
5.2
5.0
5.2
5.2
2.0
6.5
4.2
60 to 64 years
4.6
6.4
5.5
3.6
3.9
3.5
6.8
3.4
65 to 74 years
7.8
7.3
10.1
10.3
9.4
6.7
11.7
5.5
75 to 84 years
10.0
8.0
8.7
9.2
9.8
6.1
6.9
3.3
85 years and over
2.2
2.0
3.9
9.3
4.9
4.4
2.3
1.1
Source: United State Census Bureau, American Factfinder, 2000
17
Gender
Wood County has a higher percentage of females (50.9%) as compared to males
(49.1%), while the State of Texas has a higher percent of females (50.4%) as
compared to males (49.6%).
Household Size and Type
Please see the table below to see data pertaining to household size and type,
according to the 2000 U.S. Census: (Family households are dwelling units
containing two or more family members related by blood or marriage.)
Number of
Households
Percent living Average
in Households people per
household
Percent of
Family
Households
Alba
194
67.2
2.37
63.4
Hawkins
491
73.9
2.54
72.7
Mineola
1,780
64.9
2.48
68.1
Quitman
772
68.2
2.33
65.0
Winnsboro
1,318
63.7
2.30
62.2
Yantis
144
64.2
2.39
60.4
Wood County
14,578
81.4
2.42
73.1
18
Housing Units by Census Block
19
Race Composition
See the table below for information pertaining to the County and each
participating City’s race composition according to the 2000 Census:
Wood County
Alba Percent
Hawkins
Percent
Mineola
Percent
Quitman
Percent
0.0
0.4
7.1
2.5
100.0
99.6
92.9
97.5
One race
99.5
99.2
99.1
99.2
White
98.5
83.3
82.5
90.3
Black or African American
0.5
15.2
12.3
7.0
American Indian and Alaska
Native
0.5
0.4
0.6
0.3
Asian
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.3
Native Hawaiian and Other
Pacific Islander
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Some other race
0.0
0.2
3.5
1.4
Two or more races
0.5
0.8
0.9
0.8
Total population
Hispanic or Latino (of any race)
Not Hispanic or Latino
Winnsboro Yantis Percent
Percent
Wood County
Percent
Total population
Hispanic or Latino (of any race)
3.2
5.6
3.4
96.8
94.4
96.6
One race
99.2
97.9
99.2
White
91.5
95.8
92.1
Black or African American
5.4
0.0
4.8
American Indian and Alaska
Native
0.3
0.7
0.4
Not Hispanic or Latino
20
Asian
0.4
0.0
0.1
Native Hawaiian and Other
Pacific Islander
0.4
0.0
0.0
Some other race
1.5
1.4
1.7
Two or more races
0.8
2.1
0.8
Educational Attainment
Alba Percent
Hawkins
Percent
Mineola
Percent
Quitman
Percent
294
862
3,012
1,454
9.2
4.6
10.2
11.1
9th to 12th grade, no diploma
27.2
10.1
17.1
14.6
High school graduate (includes
equivalency)
33.3
29.5
30.2
33.1
Some college, no degree
19.0
31.2
23.0
20.0
Associate degree
7.8
4.3
5.9
4.3
Bachelor's degree
2.0
8.7
10.2
10.8
Graduate or professional degree
1.4
11.6
3.5
6.1
Percent high school graduate or
higher
63.6
85.3
72.7
74.3
3.4
20.3
13.6
16.9
Winnsboro
Percent
Yantis
Percent
Wood County Percent
2,535
224
25,895
9.5
16.1
7.6
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Population 25 years and
over
Less than 9th grade
Percent bachelor's degree or
higher
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Population 25 years and
over
Less than 9th grade
21
9th to 12th grade, no diploma
20.1
21.0
16.1
High school graduate (includes
equivalency)
33.7
31.3
32.8
Some college, no degree
22.0
21.0
24.3
Associate degree
3.5
4.5
4.6
Bachelor's degree
5.7
4.5
9.2
Graduate or professional degree
5.5
1.8
5.3
Percent high school graduate or
higher
70.4
62.9
76.3
Percent bachelor's degree or
higher
11.2
6.3
14.5
Natural Environment
Some may question why this type of information is important, but these natural
resources are the basis for a large part of Wood County’s economy. If these
resources were lost due to destruction, as a result of a natural or man-made
hazard event, the economic impacts would be devastating.
Understanding the natural resources of the area is also important in order to
develop specific mitigation strategies that, if implemented, will reduce natural or
man-made risks and future damage that will be imposed upon the County.
Climate
The climate is subtropical, moist and mild. The average annual temperature is
64° F. Temperatures in January range from an average low of 32° F to an
average high of 54° and in July from 71° to 95° F. The average annual
precipitation measures forty-three inches, and the growing season averages 246
days a year.
Handbook of Texas - Online
Topography, Soils, Vegetation, Mineral Resources
The western and central parts of the county, in the Post Oak Savannah
vegetation area, produce post oak and blackjack oak and tall grasses, and the
eastern portion, in the Piney Woods vegetation area, has softwoods such as
loblolly, shortleaf, longleaf, and slash pine and hardwoods such as oak, hickory,
and maple. The Sabine River drains the southern part of Wood County and forms
its southern boundary, and a tributary of the river, Lake Fork Creek, drains the
central portion of the county.
22
Coffee Creek drains the northwestern part of the county before it empties into
Lake Fork Creek. Big Sandy Creek drains eastern Wood County, and one of its
tributaries, Indian Creek, drains the northeastern part. The west has level to
undulating terrain with sandy surfaces over clayey subsoils. Central Wood
County has gently rolling to hilly terrain and reddish soils with loamy surfaces
over very deep clayey subsoils. Eastern Wood County is nearly level and has
soils with sandy to loamy surfaces over very deep subsoils. Mineral resources
include oil, natural gas, sand, gravel, and clays.
Handbook of Texas - Online
Wood County Geology
23
Threatened and Endangered Species of Wood County
BIRDS
American Peregrine Falcon
Arctic Peregrine Falcon
Bachman's Sparrow
Bald Eagle
Henslow's Sparrow
Wood Stork
FISH
Creek Chubsucker
Paddlefish
MAMMALS
Plains Spotted Skunk
Southeastern Myotis Bat
REPTILES
Alligator Snapping Turtle
Louisiana Pine Snake
Northern Scarlet Snake
Texas Garter Snake
Texas Horned Lizard
Timber/Canebrake Rattlesnake
VASCULAR PLANTS
Rough-stem aster
Texas trillium
DL
DL
Threatened
Endangered
Threatened
Threatened
Threatened
Threatened
Threatened
Threatened
Candidate
Threatened
Threatened
Threatened
Threatened
Threatened
Economy
Wood County is a northeast Texas county with an economy based on mineral
production and agriculture. The Texas Almanac designates dairy and beef cattle,
hogs, sweet potatoes, hay and corn as principal sources of agricultural income.
The 1980s offered the prospect of a relatively stable lifestyle in Wood County, as
the oil and cattle industries were being supplemented by tourism and light-scale
manufacturing. The annual Dogwood Festival and Old Settlers Reunion in
Quitman, along with several recreational lakes, provided ways for the county to
attract visitors and new residents.
The 2000 census for the county was 36,752, an increase of 25.1% since 1990.
The City of Quitman is the Wood County seat and is a commercial center for
farming, livestock and oil production, located at the intersection of State
Highways 154 and 37. Quitman's 2000 census is 2,030, a 22.55% increase since
1990.
The total 2000 Effective Buying Income in Wood County was $469.4 million with
a median income of $25,743 per household compared with the state median of
$35,942. A total of 61.2% of the households had Effective Buying Incomes in
excess of $20,000, while 38.8% had incomes below $20,000. The Texas
24
Employment Commission reported 8,241 employed, earning $46 million during
the fourth quarter of 2000. Retail sales for 2000 totaled $254 million.
Minerals produced in the county include oil, gas, sand, clays, and gravel. There
were 6.2 million barrels of crude oil and 11.3 billion cubic feet of natural gas
recovered in 1999. Harvest Trends, a publication of the Texas Forest Service,
indicates 4.1 million cubic feet of timber produced in 1999 with a delivered value
of $6.4 million.
25
Documentation of the Planning Process
This section describes the process used to develop the plan, how it was
prepared, who was involved in the process, and how the public was involved.
An effort was made to solicit input throughout the planning process through the
general public, as well as, through key community leaders. On August 17, 2001,
the Wood County Commissioners Court passed a resolution to commit to a
hazard mitigation planning project that the East Texas Council of Governments
(ETCOG) would be leading if Hazard Mitigation Grant Funds were granted. In
the Spring of 2002, the ETCOG was notified that funds would be awarded to
assist throughout its planning process. A newspaper article was published in the
Tyler Morning Telegraph on March 15, 2002 announcing that the East Texas
Council of Governments was officially awarded a grant to develop a regional
hazard mitigation action plan.
Wood County partnered with Gary R. Traylor & Associates and the Forest
Resources Institute, of Stephen F. Austin State University as supporting
organizations to assist with the development and facilitation of the planning
process.
The Wood County Emergency Management Coordinator, Jim Devine formed a
planning team comprised of a variety of representatives from the incorporated
municipalities and other citizens and community leaders.
Please note that the City of Yantis did not have a person represented on the
planning team. The reason for the lack of participation on the planning team was
related to limited funds and resources. It is important to note that the City
consists of only 369 people and does not include city staffers. This represents
only 0.87% percent of the total population of Wood County. However, the city
participated in prioritizing each hazard with the Risk Assessment Priority and
Hazard Impact and Risk Summary the name of that person is listed in the table
below as participating from the City of Yantis. The participation was through
mailings and e-mails. These tables for Yantis are included in this plan.
Additionally, the city also submitted a copy of their inventory of critical facilities
and special facilities for inclusion in this plan. The list is located on page 78.
Last Name
First Name
Title
Anderson
Bailey
Brown
Devine
Henry
Henshaw
Baxley
Barney
Darrel
Bobby
Jim
Troy
T.J.
Travis
Alderman
Jurisdiction
Winnsboro
Holly Lake
Quitman
EMC
Wood County
Sabine River Authority
Lands End
Council Member Yantis
Phone
903-3426187
26
Last Name
First Name
Jennings
A.B.
Jones
Carolyn
Madsen
David
McKinley
Gary
Moore
Nichols
Brad
Tracy
Patrick
Pegues
Phillips
Pat
Tony
Bubba
Pruitt
Randal
Alan
Al
Reynolds
Richey
Owen
Shane
Sanders
Charlie
Shanks
Jason
Simpkins
Gary
Stevenson
David
Thomas
Paula
Thorwald
Jon
Wedecking
Wheeler
Jon
Scott
Title
Jurisdiction
Phone
903-569Veterinarian
TX Animal Health Comm. 1581
903-342Mayor
Winnsboro
6471
903-569Fire Marshal
Mineola
6183
Wood County Industrial
Commission
Branch Fire
936-546Coord.
TX Forest Service
1912
Quitman FD
903-342City Council
Winnsboro
0281
Sabine River Authority
Quitman
903-739Reg. Fire Coord. TX Forest Service
3504
Police
Hawkins
903-765Mayor
Alba
2396
Quitman FD
903-769Firefighter
Holly Lake VFD
1166
903-569Police Chief
Mineola
6294
903-763Fire Chief
Quitman
2221
903-569EMC
Mineola
6183
Smith County Public
Health
903-763Fire Marshal
Quitman
2223
Smith County Public
Health
Wood County E.M.
Quitman
This team met once a month for five-months, and developed the plan over a six-month
period. Each of the members listed above attended Committee meetings. Please see
the Verification of Participation Section to review the sign-in sheets.
27
Committee Meeting Dates:
April 23, 2002
November 21, 2002
May 5, 2003
June 17, 2003
July 14, 2003
July 19, 2003
August 1, 2003
August 8, 2003
August 15, 2003
August 25, 2003
September 3, 2003
September 10, 2003
September 17, 2003
September 23, 2003
October 6, 2003
October 10, 2003
October 18, 2003
ETCOG Meeting
ETCOG Meeting
ETCOG Region is introduced to FRI
Hazard Mitigation Workshop
Committee Meeting
GPS Training Workshop
Committee Meeting
Committee Meeting
Committee Meeting
Mineola Public Meeting
Committee Meeting
Committee Meeting
GPS Training Workshop
Committee Meeting
Alba Public Meeting
Wood County Public Meeting
Quitman Public Meeting
Please review the sign-in sheets under the Verification of Participation Section to
see how each jurisdiction participated.
Plan requirements were broken down and the Committee followed a mitigation
planning process from the materials provided by the Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA) and the Texas Department of Public Safety,
Division of Emergency Management.
Committee Tasks:
Developed consensus on potential hazards
Profiled Hazards
Prioritized Hazards through the matrix process, based on the above
information
Gathered data to incorporate into the GIS
Developed goals and strategies
Made decisions regarding actions to implement the plan
Evaluated the plan with the Committee and suggest revisions for final draft
County/City Staff Tasks:
Gathered data to incorporate into the GIS
Answered a questionnaire regarding existing City regulatory measures,
planning programs, development trends, public property values, and types
and number of structures within the floodplain, as able.
Distributed a citizen survey
28
Forest Resources Institute Tasks:
Developed the County’s Geographic Information System (GIS)
Developed Hazard Mitigation Website and Maintenance
GPS Training
Planning Resource Guides
Citizen Survey
Gary R. Traylor & Associates Tasks:
Prepared data to be utilized by the Committee
Facilitated Committee meetings
Researched and gathered data to incorporate into the plan
Coordinator of resources and information developed from FRI, Committee,
and City staff
Assisted in writing the plan
Revised plan according to public inputs
Public Participation Activities:
Flyers distributed to advertise the website – (See Verification of
Participation)
Internet website to collect public comments throughout the process:
http://ethazmit.sfasu.edu
Citizen Survey distributed at all public meetings and posted on the
website, as well as, available at each City and at the County Courthouse.
Public Meetings:
Jurisdiction
Wood County
Mineola
Alba
Quitman
Public Meeting Date
October 10, 2003
August 25, 2003
October 6, 2003
October 18, 2003
The Wood County Hazard Mitigation Website was utilized throughout the
planning process to obtain public comment, and give the public an opportunity to
complete the Hazard Mitigation Citizen Survey, and contact Committee members
regarding any questions pertaining to the Planning Process.
Newspaper articles and the Wood County Hazard Mitigation Website were all
utilized to advertise the public meetings. Survey results, newspaper articles,
agendas, and sign-in sheets can be viewed under the Verification of Participation
Section. Public Hearings will be set after final review of the plan by the State
DEM and FEMA. (TBA)
29
Identification of Hazards
Requirements: The risks assessment shall include a description of the type…of
all natural hazards that can affect the jurisdiction…
Understanding hazards and their consequences is the first step to reduce
community risks. It has been determined that specific hazards, both natural and
man-made, could affect both the County and all of its municipalities.
The Wood County Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee identified several
hazards through an extensive process that utilized research from the National
Climatic Data Center, the State of Texas Hazard Mitigation Plan, the Multi-hazard
Identification and Risk Assessment: A Cornerstone of the National Mitigation
Strategy, Planning Committee member input, and public input. It should be
noted that not all hazards which affect the State of Texas are included in the
plan. The Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee will reevaluate the hazards
during the 5 year update and address additional hazards as needed.
The Wood County Hazard Mitigation Committee identified the following potential hazards
for the County on August 1, 2003.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
THUNDERSTORMS / LIGHTNING / HAIL
TORNADOS
WILDFIRE
DROUGHT
FLASH FLOODING / FLOODING
WINTER STORM / ICE STORM
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
DISEASE
EARTHQUAKE
DAM FAILURE
The following definitions briefly describe the hazards included in this plan.
Thunderstorms
According to the National Weather Service, more than 100,000 thunderstorms
occur each year, though only about 10 percent of these storms are classified as
“severe.” Although thunderstorms generally affect a small area, they are very
dangerous because of their ability to generate tornadoes, hailstorms, strong
winds, flash flooding, and damaging lightning. While thunderstorms can occur in
all regions of the United States, they are most common in the central and
southern states because atmospheric conditions in those regions are most ideal
for generating these powerful storms. Thunderstorms are caused when air
masses of varying temperatures meet. Rapidly rising warm moist air serves as
the “engine” for thunderstorms. These storms can occur singularly, in lines, or in
clusters. They can move through an area very quickly or linger for several hours.
30
Lightning
Lightning is the discharge of electrical energy resulting from the buildup of
positive and negative charges within a thunderstorm, creating a “bolt” when the
buildup of charges becomes strong enough. This flash of light usually occurs
within the clouds or between the clouds and the ground. A bolt of lightning can
reach temperatures approaching 50,000 degrees Fahrenheit. Lightning rapidly
heats the sky as it flashes but the surrounding air cools following the bolt. This
rapid heating and cooling of the surrounding air causes thunder. On average, 89
people are killed each year by lightning strikes in the United States.
Hail
Hailstorms are an outgrowth of severe thunderstorms. Early in the developmental
stages of a hailstorm, ice crystals form within a low-pressure front due to the
rapid rising of warm air into the upper atmosphere and the subsequent cooling of
the air mass. Frozen droplets gradually accumulate on the ice crystals until,
having developed sufficient weight; they fall as precipitation — as balls or
irregularly shaped masses of ice greater than 0.75 in. (1.91 cm) in diameter. The
size of hailstones is a direct function of the size and severity of the storm. High
velocity updraft winds are required to keep hail in suspension in thunderclouds.
The strength of the updraft is a function of the intensity of heating at the Earth’s
surface. Higher temperature gradients relative to elevation above the surface
result in increased suspension time and hailstone size.
Tornado
A tornado is a violent windstorm characterized by a twisting, funnel-shaped cloud
extending to the ground. Tornadoes are most often generated by thunderstorm
activity (but sometimes result from hurricanes and other coastal storms) when
cool, dry air intersects and overrides a layer of warm, moist air forcing the warm
air to rise rapidly. The damage caused by a tornado is a result of the high wind
velocity and wind-blown debris. Lightning and large hail frequently accompany
these windstorms. According to the National Weather Service, tornado wind
speeds range from 40 to more than 300 miles per hour. The most violent
tornadoes have rotating winds of 250 miles per hour or more and are capable of
causing extreme destruction.
Each year, an average of over 800 tornadoes is reported nationwide. Tornadoes
cause an average of 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries annually (NOAA, 2002).
Tornadoes are more likely to occur during the spring and early summer months
of March through June and can occur at any time of day, but are likely to form in
the late afternoon and early evening. Most tornadoes are a few dozen yards wide
and touch down briefly, but can inflict tremendous damage. Highly destructive
tornadoes may carve out a path over a mile wide and several miles long.
Wildfire
A wildfire is any fire occurring in a wildland area (i.e., grassland, forest, brush
land) except for fire under prescription. Wildfires are part of the natural
management of the Earth’s ecosystems, but may also be caused by natural or
human factors. Over 80 percent of forest fires are started by negligent human
behavior such as smoking in wooded areas or improperly extinguishing
campfires. The second most common cause for wildfire is lightning.
31
Drought
Drought is a natural climatic condition caused by an extended period of limited
rainfall beyond that which occurs naturally in a broad geographic area. High
temperatures, high winds, and low humidity can worsen drought conditions, and
can make areas more susceptible to wildfire. Human demands and actions can
also hasten drought-related impacts.
Flooding
Flooding is the most frequent and costly natural hazard in the United States,
causing more than 10,000 deaths since 1900. Historically, nearly 90 percent of
presidential disaster declarations result from flood-related events. Floods are
generally the result of excessive precipitation, and can be classified in two broad
categories, including general and flash floods. General floods are defined as
precipitation over a given river basin, while flash floods are the product of heavy
localized precipitation falling in a short time period. The severity of a flood event
is determined by the following characteristics: a combination of stream and river
basin topography and physiography; precipitation and weather patterns; recent
soil moisture conditions; and the degree of vegetative clearing.
Winter Storm/Ice Storm
A winter storm can range from a moderate snow over a period of a few hours to
blizzard conditions with blinding wind-driven snow that lasts for several days.
Some winter storms may be large enough to affect several states, while others
may affect only a single community. Many winter storms are accompanied by low
temperatures and heavy and/or blowing snow, which can severely impair
visibility. Winter storms may include snow, sleet, freezing rain, or a mix of wintry
precipitation. Sleet – raindrops that freeze into ice pellets before reaching the
ground – usually bounce when hitting a surface and do not stick to objects.
However, sleet can accumulate like snow, causing significant road hazards.
Freezing rain is rain that falls onto a surface with a temperature below freezing,
forming a glaze of ice. Even small accumulations of ice can cause a significant
hazard, especially on power lines and trees. An ice storm occurs when freezing
rain falls and freezes immediately upon impact. Communications and power can
be disrupted for days, and even small accumulations of ice may cause extreme
hazards to motorists and pedestrians.
Hazmat
Hazardous materials (HAZMAT) incidents (including toxic releases) can apply to
fixed facilities as well as mobile, or transportation related accidents.
Approximately 6,774 HAZMAT events occur each year, 5,517 of which are
highway incidents, 991 are railroad incidents and 266 are due to other causes
(FEMA, 1997). HAZMAT incidents consist of solid, liquid and/or gaseous
contaminants that are released from fixed or mobile containers, due to an
accident or intentional terrorist attack. A HAZMAT incident may last for hours,
days, or longer, depending on the nature of the release. In addition to the primary
release, explosions and/or fires can result from a release, and contaminants can
be extended beyond the initial area by persons, vehicles, water, wind and
wildlife.
32
HAZMAT incidents can also occur as a result of or in tandem with natural hazard
events, such as floods, hurricanes, tornadoes and earthquakes, which in addition
to causing incidents can also hinder response efforts. In the case of Hurricane
Floyd in September 1999, communities along the Eastern United States were
faced with flooded junkyards, disturbed cemeteries, deceased livestock, floating
propane tanks, uncontrolled fertilizer spills and a variety of other environmental
pollutants that caused widespread concern.
Disease
Health problems typically are related to cardiovascular diseases, diabetes,
obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and tumor/cancer problems.
Seasonally associated respiratory diseases make their appearance in the local
populations along with the currently prevailing "flu" strain that makes its way
through the various groupings facilitating the spread of such medical problems.
They are frequently viral in nature and not very responsive to the current new
generation antibiotics in use.
The potential impact of Disease hazards in our County would be greatest in highdensity areas. The closer a population is confined or concentrated, the more
likely they will be affected by a pathogen. In terms of communicable diseases,
the greater human density allows more opportunities for those infected to come
in contact with or contaminate those persons or areas not yet infected.
Earthquake
An earthquake is the motion or trembling of the ground produced by a sudden
displacement of rock in the Earth's crust. Earthquakes result from crustal strain,
volcanism, landslides, or the collapse of caverns. Earthquakes can affect
hundreds of thousands of square miles; cause damage to property measured in
the tens of billions of dollars; result in loss of life and injury to hundreds of
thousands of persons; and cause major social and economic disruptions. Most
property damage and earthquake-related deaths are caused by the failure and
collapse of structures due to ground shaking. The level of damage depends upon
the amplitude and duration of the shaking, which are directly related to the
earthquake’s size, distance from the fault, and site and regional geology. Other
damaging effects include landslides, or the down-slope movement of soil and
rock, and liquefaction, in which ground soil loses the ability to resist shear and
flows much like quick sand. In the case of liquefaction, anything relying on the
substrata for support can shift, tilt, rupture, or collapse.
Most earthquakes are caused by the release of stresses accumulated as a result
of the rupture of rocks along opposing fault planes in the Earth’s outer crust.
These fault planes are typically found along borders of the Earth's ten tectonic
plates. These plate borders generally follow the outlines of the continents, with
the North American plate following the continental border with the Pacific Ocean
in the west, and the mid- Atlantic trench in the east. As earthquakes occurring in
the mid-Atlantic trench usually pose little danger to humans, the greatest
earthquake threat in North America is along the Pacific Coast.
33
Dam Failure
Dam failure is defined as the sudden, uncontrolled release of impounded water
typically resulting in downstream flooding, which can affect life and property.
Dam Failures can result from man made or natural occurrences such as flooding,
earthquakes, blockages, landslides, lack of maintenance, improper operation,
poor construction or vandalism.
Hazard Type
Sources used to Identify
Why it was identified
Thunderstorms/
Lightning/Hail
Review of past storm events;
Committee Input; National
Climatic Data Center, Public
Input
Input
Committee Input, National
Input
Input
Input;
Characteristics of a humid
climate
Input
Committee Input, Public Input
The County experiences
lightening annually and
experiences 6.1 hail storms
events per year
The County experiences 0.69
tornados per year
Tornado
Wildfire
Drought
Flooding
Winter Storms/Ice Storms
Hazardous Material
Disease
Earthquake
Dam Failure
Committee Input, Texas
Department of Health, Public
Input
Review of past events;
Committee Input, Texas
Earthquakes, Public Input
Review of past events;
Committee Input, “National
Inventory of Dams”
The County is susceptible to
wildfires
droughts sporadically
The County experiences 1.2
flash flood events per year and
on average less than 1.5 major
flood per year
The County experiences 1.0 ice
storms per year
The County experiences both
hazardous materials and
transportation related accidents
multiple-times a year
Disease related issues annually
The County experiences the
affects of earthquakes
approximately once every 50100 years
The County has not
experienced a significant dam
failure
34
The Wood County Hazard Mitigation Committee has researched information both
on many large and small hazard events. Most recent presidential declared
disasters in Wood County include the 2001 Severe Winter Storm.
The following is a list of digital information the Committee utilized. These sites
were utilized to gather information throughout the drafting of this plan as well as
throughout the planning process. Obviously sites related to hazards were utilized
to gather information such as scales or general data. FEMA’s website was
utilized for a guide throughout the overall process.
Data Sources
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), “Facts About Windstorms.”
Web site: www.windhazards.org/facts.cfm
Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Department of the Interior
Web site: www.usbr.gov
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
Web site: www.fema.gov
National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), U.S. Department of Commerce,
National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration
Web site: http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/ncdc.html
National Drought Mitigation Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Web site: www.drought.unl.edu/index.htm
National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL), U.S. Department of Commerce,
National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration
Web site: www.nssl.noaa.gov
National Weather Service (NWS), U.S. Department of Commerce, National
Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration
Web site: www.nws.noaa.gov
Storm Prediction Center (SPC), U.S. Department of Commerce, National
Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service
Web site: www.spc.noaa.gov
The Tornado Project, St. Johnsbury, Vermont
Web site: www.tornadoproject.com
United States Department of Energy (DOE)
Web site: www.energy.gov
United States Geological Survey (USGS), U.S. Department of the Interior
Web site: www.usgs.gov
The following is a list of other types of information the Committee utilized.
Including existing plans, studies, reports and technical information gathered by
the Planning Committee. It is important to note that information gathering such
related to plans, studies, etc was limited. Wood County as well as the
participating municipalities within the County has limited resources and gathering
additional information above and beyond what was accessible digitally was
extremely difficult.
35
The Texas Forest Service and Sabine River Authority representatives did bring to
the planning process information that was useful in the preparation of the plan.
The Texas Forest Service Representative provided copies of the Community
Wildfire Protection Plan which was utilized to learn about the hazard of Wildfires
and incorporate mitigation action items.
The Sabine River Authority
Representative brought to the table the Emergency Management Plan for Lake
Fork. This document was reviewed for severity of a dam breach and areas within
the inundation zone were determined. The flood plan regulations from the City of
Mineola and Winnsboro were reviewed to determine what if any restrictions are
being placed on construction within the flood plain. The Comprehensive Plan for
the City of Mineola was utilized to review population projections, future land use
growth in order to determine the impact of various hazards on these areas as
they experience growth and in which direction. The Capital Improvement Plan
for the City of Mineola was also reviewed to determine if the city was participating
in any type of expansion of the municipalities critical facilities such as fire
stations, ambulance service etc. Or capital purchases related to emergency
management. The other municipalities within the planning areas other than
Mineola and Winnsboro did not have reports or documents to contribute to the
planning process. Again, resources are limited within the county and therefore
information related to this planning process was not available. It is important to
note that 80% of this county is rural thereby limiting information.
NFIP Information
Community Overview
Program:
Community:
WOOD COUNTY*
State:
TEXAS
County:
WOOD COUNTY
CID:
481055
Emergency Entry:
02/21/2001
Regular
Status:
PARTICIPATING
Current Map:
08/01/2008
FIRM Status:
FHBM Status:
08/01/2008
Status Effective:
02/21/2001
Level of Regs:
ALL ZONE A, C AND X - ORIGINAL FIRM BY
LETTER
Initial FIRM:
08/01/2008
SUPERCEDED BY FIRM
Initial FHBM:
05/31/1977
Probation Status:
Study Underway:
Regular Entry:
NO
Probation Effective:
Probation Ended:
Suspension Effective:
Reinstated Effective:
Withdrawal Effective:
CRS Class / Discount:
Policies in Force:
Effective Date:
Insurance in Force:
$771,600.00
Workshop Date:
No. of Paid Losses:
0
GTA Date:
Total Losses Paid:
CAV Date:
CAC Date:
05/27/2003
[ ]Tribal Community
Sub. Damage Claims Since 1978:
[ ]Upton Jones Claims
[ ]HMGP Projects
[ ]ICC Claims
[ ]FMA Projects
19
$0.00
0
36
Wood County has 19 NFIP policies in force representing $771,600 in coverage.
No NFIP losses, repetitive or otherwise exist in Wood County and the cities
within the County.
It should be noted that between 09/30/2001 and 04/30/2006 (roughly the last 5
years), NFIP data for Texas reflects 22,003 losses were reported in the State of
Texas, resulting in loss payments of $532,097,267.04. In Wood County there
were 3 loses reported, resulting in the loss payments of $26,245.66. All three of
these loses were in the City of Winnsboro.
Wood County will strive to continue to participate in the NFIP program
recognizing the importance of the program.
Hazard Exposure Profile
Requirement: The risk assessment shall include a description of the …location
and extent of all natural hazards that can affect the jurisdiction. The plan shall
include information on previous occurrences of hazard events and on the
probability of future hazard events.
In this section, the Wood County Hazard Mitigation Committee determined just
how bad each hazard could affect the County. Any given hazard type can
produce different effects depending on its magnitude, duration, and intensity.
The plan utilizes past occurrences to predict future probability. Appendix 1Historical Storm Data includes an extensive database regarding weather events
impacting Wood County.
Several factors were examined:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
How likely is it that the hazard will impact the area (probability)
Frequency of Occurrence
Extent* of the hazard (magnitude/severity) –how bad will it get?
Where hazards will affect the County/City (geographic extent)
Duration
Seasonal Pattern
Warning Time
Cascading Potential – Residual (or secondary) hazard events that occur
as a result of the primary/initial event
Availability of warning – what warning system exists
*Four categories were
(magnitude/severity).
developed
to
define
the
hazard’s
extent
Substantial
• Multiple deaths
• Complete shutdown of facilities for 30 days or more.
• More than 50 percent of property destroyed or with major damage.
37
Major
• Injuries and/or illnesses result in permanent disability.
• Complete shutdown of critical facilities for at least 2 weeks.
Minor
• Injuries and/or illnesses do not result in permanent disability.
• Complete shutdown of critical facilities for more than 1 week.
Limited
• Injuries and/or illnesses are treatable with first aid.
• Minor quality of life lost.
• Shutdown of critical facilities and services for 24 hours or less.
• Less than 10 percent of property destroyed or with major damage.
Frequency of Occurrence is categorized as unlikely through highly likely. These
terms are defined as follows:
Highly likely:
Likely:
Occasional:
Unlikely:
Event probable in next year.
Event probable in next 3 years.
Event possible in next 5 years.
Event possible in next 10 years.
Some hazards such as floods were profiled by mapping the geographic extent
because the events occur in predictable areas of the community. Other hazards,
such as tornados do not occur in predictable areas, so it was profiled by simply
determining the maximum wind speed to-date.
38
Thunderstorm
The Committee analyzed storm history events as reported by the National
Climatic Data Center and utilized information from personal past experience to
profile thunderstorm events including lightning and hail storms, and determined
that the potential severity of impact for thunderstorms is major to property and
minor to humans.
Major: - More than 25 percent of property destroyed or with major damage
Minor: - Injuries and/or illnesses do not result in permanent disability
The following table identifies issues that the Committee discussed (utilizing the
Hazard Profile Worksheet as a guide) to profile how thunderstorm events could
affect the County.
Category
Extent
Probability of Future Events
Seasonal Pattern
List of Sources
Probable Duration
Warning Time
Existing Warning Systems
Potential Affected Area
Cascading Potential
Response
Major
Highly likely
Highly likely
All year
• National Climatic Data Center
• Multi-Hazard Identification & Risk
Assessment
• Committee Input
2-4 Hours to 1 Day
3-6 Hours
Internet, Radio, T.V.
Entire County is at risk of property damage and human
injury
• Property Damage - crops, roofs, windows,
vehicles
• Power Outage
• Tree Debris
• Roads Blocked
39
Justification for the County’s Risk Assessment / Profile
The following chart shows the number of thunderstorm events by year.
Events by Year
12
10
8
6
4
2
Year
Frequency of Event
A total of 102 Thunderstorm events have been reported to the National Climatic
Data Center since 1955 through August of 2002. This is a 47.7-year period.
According to the above chart, more thunderstorm events have been reported in
the last decade than any other decade.
1955 to 1959
1960s
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000-Aug. of 2002
3 events = Average of 0.6 events per year
(as reported so far)
(See Appendix 1 – Historical Storm Event Data for additional information)
Magnitude / Wind Knots generated as a result of Thunderstorms
With thunderstorms areas experience wind shear. Wood County Thunderstorm
Wind events produce between 60-64 knot winds most frequently. In fact, 17
reported events have produced 60-64 knot wind, and 15 reported events have
produced 50-54 knot wind.
40
01
99
97
95
93
91
89
87
85
83
81
79
77
75
73
71
69
67
65
63
61
59
57
0
55
Number of Events
14
Number of Events
Magnitude of Wind
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
17
15
4
3
2
70-74
75-79
1
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
Knots
Property Damage
Thunderstorm events within Wood County have caused a total of $1,279,000
property damage. This number is based on the best available data. In several
cases, the property damage was reported, but the magnitude of the event (by
knots) was not reported. In other cases, the opposite is true—the data does not
always include damage from all events.
Lightning - As caused by Thunderstorms
The Committee analyzed thunderstorm history events as reported by the
National Climatic Data Center and utilized information from personal past
experience to profile lightning and determined that the potential severity of impact
for lightening is major to humans, but would have limited impacts to property
damage.
Major Characteristics:
•
•
•
Injuries and/or illnesses result in permanent disability
Complete shutdown of critical facilities for at least 2 weeks
More than 25 percent of property destroyed or with major damage
Minor Characteristics:
•
•
•
•
Injuries and illnesses are treatable with first aid
Minor Quality of Life Lost
Shutdown of critical facilities and services for 24 hours or less
Less than 10 percent of property destroyed or with major damage
41
Hazard Profile Worksheet as a guide) to profile how lightning could affect the
County.
Category
Extent
Seasonal Pattern
List of Sources
Probable Duration
Warning Time
Cascading Potential
Response
Major
Highly likely
Highly likely
Spring
Assessment
• Committee Input
10-30 Minutes
Minimal to 3-6 hours
TV, radio, National Weather Service
Entire County is at risk of property damage
and human injury
Loss of communications, wells, power,
houses (due to fire),
Loss of LIFE – human and livestock
Economic distress
Property damage – oil wells, oil tank batteries
Justification of County’s Risk Assessment
Reported strike:
Location
142 Alba
Date
4/22/1995
TimeType
1926Lightning
Deaths Injuries
2
0
(See Appendix 1 – Historical Storm Event Data)
Hail – As caused by Thunderstorms
profile hailstorm events and determined that the potential severity of impact for
hailstorms is limited.
Limited Characteristics:
•
•
•
•
Injuries and illnesses are treatable with first aid.
42
Category
Extent
Probability of Future
Events
Seasonal Pattern
List of Sources
Probable Duration
Warning Time
Cascading Potential
Response
Limited
Highly Likely
Highly Likely
Spring
•
•
National Climatic Data Center
Multi-Hazard Identification & Risk
Assessment
• Committee Input
Few minutes
10-30 Minutes
TV, Radio, Internet, National Weather Service
Entire County
• Property damage – crops & livestock, roofs,
windows, vehicles, etc.
• Injury to Humans
Justification for the County’s Risk Assessment/Profile
The following chart shows the number of hailstorm events by
year.
Hailstorm Events by Year
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
55 61 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02
A total of 86 Hail Storms have been reported to the National Climatic Data Center
since 1954 through May of 2002. This is a 48.5-year period. According to the
above chart, more hailstorm events have been reported in the last decade than
any other decade—probably due to the increased ability to report data.
43
Frequency of Event
If taken as currently reported, only one hailstorm event was recorded in each of
these decades: 1950s, 1960s and 1970s.
1980s –
1990s –
2000-May of 2002 –
9 events = Average of 3.6 events per year (so far)
Magnitude / Hail Size
Wood County Hailstorms produce 1.00 – 1.99 inch hail most frequently. In fact,
45 reported events have produced 1.00-1.99 inch hail.
Number of Events
Hail Size
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.000.99
1.001.99
2.002.99
3.003.99
4.004.99
Inches
Property Damage
Hailstorms within Wood County have caused a total of $5,239,000 property
damage. This number is based on the best available data; it is not including
damage from all events (because of the lack of reporting). For instance,
according to the National Climatic Data Center reports, hailstorms that generated
1.00-1.99 inch hail, has created $65,000 worth of property damage. Hailstorms
with 2.00-2.99-inch hail has been reported to have caused $5,174,000 property
damage. There is a major gap in data though. If you look at damage caused by
a hailstorm that generated 4.50-inch hail, no property damage was reported.
Tornado
The committee analyzed storm history events and utilized information from the
American Society of Civil Engineers to profile tornados and determined that the
potential severity of impact could be major.
Hazard Profile Worksheet as a guide) to profile how tornados could affect the
County.
44
Category
Extent
Seasonal Pattern
List of Sources
Probable Duration
Warning Time
Cascading Potential
Response
Substantial
Likely
Likely
Spring and Fall
• Taking Shelter from the Storm
• Committee Input
10-30 Minutes
Minimal to no warning
Quitman – 2 sirens
Mineola - 3 sirens
T.V., radio, internet
The Entire County
Power outage – no back-up power
Substantial to full communication failure with regard
to warning and response
Fires, (Natural gas lines & Electric lines)
Blocked Traffic
Critical Infrastructure Damage
Water Supply
The Wood County is in Wind Zone IV (250 mph) according to the Design Wind
Speed map that was created by the American Society of Civil Engineers and is
also estimated to have 6-10 tornados per 1,000 square miles. Using these two
factors, Wood County is at “High Risk.” This means that the County could
experience a F4 tornado, which could create devastating damage.
Category F4 Devastating
Devastating damage. Well-constructed houses
tornado
(207- leveled; structure with weak foundation blown
260 mph)
off some distance; cars thrown and large
missiles generated
Frequency – Between 1954 and 1996, a 43-year period, approximately 30
tornados ripped through Wood County. On average, 0.69 tornados occur each
year or in other words, there is an approximately 70% chance that a tornado will
touch ground every year.
Property Damage
A total of $10,990,000 property damage has occurred as a result of these
tornados.
F2 tornado events occur most often.
45
Tornado Magnitude
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
F0
F1
F2
F3
Zero reported deaths, but eight (8) reported injuries have occurred in Wood
County as a result of tornado events. Since a tornado can occur at any
geographic location, the Committee determined that the entire County is at risk of
a tornado event.
Enhanced Fujita Tornado Measurement Scale
Wind
speed
scale
Relative
frequency
Potential damage
mph km/h
Light damage.
Peels surface off some roofs; some
damage to gutters or siding; branches
EF0
65–
85
105–
53.5%
137
broken off trees; shallow-rooted trees
pushed over.
Confirmed tornadoes with no reported
damage (i.e. those that remain in open
fields) are always rated EF0.
Moderate damage.
EF1
86–
110
138–
31.6%
178
Roofs severely stripped; mobile homes
overturned or badly damaged; loss of
exterior doors; windows and other
46
glass broken.
Considerable damage.
Roofs torn off well-constructed houses;
foundations of frame homes shifted;
EF2
111– 179–
10.7%
135 218
mobile homes completely destroyed;
large trees snapped or uprooted; lightobject missiles generated; cars lifted
off ground.
Severe damage.
Entire stories of well-constructed
houses destroyed; severe damage to
large buildings such as shopping malls;
EF3
136– 219–
3.4%
165 266
trains overturned; trees debarked;
heavy cars lifted off the ground and
thrown; structures with weak
foundations blown away some
distance.
Devastating damage.
166– 267–
0.7%
EF4
200 322
Well-constructed houses and whole
frame houses completely leveled; cars
thrown and small missiles generated.
Total destruction.
Strong frame houses leveled off
foundations and swept away;
automobile-sized missiles fly through
EF5 >200 >322
Less than
0.1%
the air in excess of 100 m (109 yd);
steel reinforced concrete structure
badly damaged; high-rise buildings
have significant structural deformation;
incredible phenomena will occur. So
far there have been two EF5 tornadoes
47
recorded since the Enhanced Fujita
Scale was introduced on February 1,
2007. The most recent one occurred in
Parkersburg, Iowa on May 25, 2008
and leveled 1/2 the city. See
Greensburg, Kansas tornado, LateMay 2008 tornado outbreak sequence
Tornado Events that have occurred in Wood County:
Location or
County
1 WOOD
4 WOOD
8 WOOD
9 WOOD
10 WOOD
11 WOOD
14 WOOD
15 WOOD
16 WOOD
17 WOOD
18 WOOD
19 WOOD
13 WOOD
21 WOOD
23 WOOD
24 WOOD
25 WOOD
31 WOOD
32 WOOD
33 WOOD
34 WOOD
35 WOOD
37 WOOD
38 WOOD
41 WOOD
42 WOOD
47 WOOD
61 WOOD
114 Emory
To
152 Quitman
930Tornado
2355Tornado
1810Tornado
1530Tornado
1700Tornado
1800Tornado
1600Tornado
300Tornado
2100Tornado
1730Tornado
1800Tornado
1000Tornado
1850Tornado
1100Tornado
1930Tornado
1940Tornado
1718Tornado
1745Tornado
1102Tornado
1700Tornado
2025Tornado
2110Tornado
1810Tornado
1715Tornado
1530Tornado
1540Tornado
1833Tornado
2130Tornado
2117Tornado
F1
F0
F2
F3
F1
F0
F
F2
F2
F1
F2
F1
F1
F0
F1
F2
F2
F
F1
F3
F2
F2
F2
F0
F0
F0
F0
F1
F2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Property
Damage
03K
03K
025K
82.5M
025K
00K
025K
0250K
025K
03K
00K
00K
03K
03K
025K
025K
00K
025K
00K
02.5M
0250K
025K
125K
00K
00K
00K
00K
0250K
05.0M
3/5/1996 6:12 PMTornado
F0
0
0
Date
2/19/1954
4/19/1957
3/28/1961
3/24/1962
3/24/1962
4/30/1962
10/31/1963
4/5/1964
4/23/1966
4/25/1966
5/23/1966
5/1/1967
7/1/1963
12/27/1968
12/14/1971
4/29/1975
11/19/1975
6/30/1978
4/11/1979
5/3/1979
5/13/1981
5/13/1981
4/2/1982
4/15/1982
5/2/1984
5/2/1984
4/22/1985
3/16/1987
4/29/1994
Time
Type
Magnitude Deaths Injuries
0
48
Wildfire
In general, the following factors will affect the potential and severity of a wildfire:
Climatic Considerations – Areas of extreme climate conditions, including
temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and duration of high velocity,
precipitation, wind direction, fog, and other atmospheric conditions
Topographic Considerations – elevation and ranges of elevation, location
of ridges, drainages and escarpments, slope, location of roads, bridges
and railroads
Geographic Considerations – Fuel types, concentration in a mosaic and
distribution of fuel types, earthquake fault zones, hazardous material
routes
Flammable material – on structure exteriors
Narrow roadways – leading to developed areas
Inadequate hydrants or poorly placed hydrants
Combustible landscaping or debris near structures
Increased development and human activity in and near the wildland-urban
interface
The Committee analyzed fire department calls and runs to profile wildfire events
and determined that the potential severity of impact for wildfire is limited.
• Injuries and illnesses are treatable with first aid.
• Minor Quality of Life Lost
• Shutdown of critical facilities and services for 24 hours or less
• Less than 10 percent of property destroyed or with major damage
Hazard Profile Worksheet as a guide) to profile how wildfires could affect the
County.
Category
Extent
Seasonal Pattern
List of Sources
Probable Duration
Warning Time
Cascading Potential
Response
Limited
Highly Likely
Highly Likely
Late Summer, Early Fall, Late Winter
Committee Input
Variable based on several factors (low rainfall, high
temp, low humidity, winds, fuel load, etc.)
Minimal to No Warning
N/A
Areas located within the County which are not
urbanized.
Loss of Life/Injury to fire fighters
Property damage – structural, infrastructure,
49
agricultural, wildlife, equipment, barns, vehicles
Environmental damage
Drain of local resources
Traffic hazards
Contributing Factors
Wood County has experienced prolonged droughts with extreme heat, which
increases the potential for wildfire hazards.
Large fires are also more prone to occur under the following conditions:
Weather conditions would be drier than normal
Humidity in the 20% or below
20 or more days since last rain
KBDI 600 or above
Temperatures above 90
Winds above 10 mph
According to the Texas Forest Service in 2008, 159 fires were reported impacting
409.21 acres. Lack of data related to Forest Fires prior to 2008 may be a result
of a data shortfall regarding past occurrences of wildfires (location and impact) in
Wood County; however, in 2008 the Texas Forest Service launched a new
program to address the data shortfalls. This tool will significantly increase the
access to fire information for Wood County.
Texas Forest Service as a valuable tool
Texas Forest Service can significantly assist Wood County as well as the
participating municipalities with data collection regarding Forest Fires. In 2008
the Service began collecting forest fire information online. The TFS Online Fire
Department Fire Reporting System is useful in a number of ways such as:
•
Reported wildfire causes can be used to develop focused prevention
programs
•
Documented costs per reported fire are recognized by FEMA for required
cost documentation
•
Queries can access useful maps, data lists and daily fire statistics
East Texas, particularly Wood County, is located in the piney woods region.
According to the Handbook of Texas, the East Texas piney woods contain many
deciduous trees such as Magnolia, Sweet gum, Tupelo, and Yaupon Holly, in
addition to hickories and oaks, can be found among pines. Wisteria is also
commonplace and can cover entire groves of trees in the wild.
Flowering species of tree, such as Dogwood and the Eastern Redbud are also
now common in the wild.
50
These woods are prominent throughout each county in East Texas; therefore,
rural areas located outside of developed cities and towns are susceptible to
wildfires during long periods of drought.
Wood County is 80% rural and 20% urban. Because of the very high percentage
of rural area and the heavily forested environment most of the county would be
susceptible to Forest Fires. Most of the cities within Wood County consist of
developed structures and land uses which are not susceptible to wildfires. The
areas which are susceptible to wildfires would be those located outside of the city
limits, however; wildfire mitigation items are important for the area given the
proximity of the rural county to the city limits. Additionally, many county residents
who access the plan will benefit from wildfire mitigation items.
A map of the areas and cities susceptible to wild fires is below. In fact, the Texas
Forest Service only forecasts and lists daily fire dangers by the entire county as
opposed to individual areas. The Texas Forest Service website contains Daily
Fire Danger Maps, Forecast Fire Danger Maps, and Keetch-Byram Drought
Index Maps for Wood County. The public can utilize these maps to determine if
an area is at risk for fires and at what level. These maps are provided for the
protection of life and property and the enhancement of the economy.
The website address is as follows: http://texasforestservice.tamu.edu
Wood County Fire Risk Zones
51
Recent Daily Fire Danger Map showing Wood County as Low Risk.
Recent Forecast Fire Danger Map shows Wood County at Moderate Risk
Current Burn Ban Map showing Wood County does not have a burn ban.
52
Emergency Response to Forest Fires/Fires within Wood County are provided by
the following Fire Departments and are listed as Volunteer or Non-Volunteer.
Volunteer Departments
Non-Volunteer
Alba
Coke/Pleasant Grove
Hawkins
Holly Lake
Lands End
Mineola
Perryville
Winnsboro
Yantis
Hainesville
Ogburn
Quitman
Fire Stations – 12
The Mineola Fire Department is a combination fire department with 4 paid
personnel and 25 volunteers. The paid personnel are commissioned and
certified through the Texas Commission on Fire Protection. The volunteer
firefighters are actively trained through the Texas Firemen’s and Fire Marshals’
Association. Eighty percent of the volunteers have basic through master
firefighter certifications.
Mineola FD is a registered Fire Responder Organization with Texas Department
of Health with E.M.S. certified personnel up to EMT-P.
53
MFD has a certified dive team, 7 Haz-Mat technicians, personnel trained in swift
water rescue, high angle rescue, confined space rescue, passenger train rescue,
ag rescue, mass casualty operations, air craft crash/rescue, wildland
search/rescue, certified wild land fire fighters, certified Incident Safety Officers
and certified instructors by T.C.F.P. and T.F.F.M.A. who instructs at the local and
state level. All fire fighters are trained in and operate within the Incident
Command System.
MFD has one certified arson investigator, one certified fire investigator, and one
certified fire inspector.
Quitman’s fire department has twenty-four personnel, three pumpers, two
boosters, one rescue, one grass, one van, and one boat.
Ogburn volunteer fire department has seventeen personnel, one pumper, one
tanker, one brush truck, one medical van, and has an area size on approximately
95 square miles. Ogburn VFD serves approximately 3,700 people. It utilizes two
(2) fire hydrants and approximately seven (7) dry hydrants.
Hainesville volunteer fire department has 19 firefighters, one pumper, one first
response truck, one grass truck, one grass truck with foam u, and one pump
tanker. It utilizes four (4) dry hydrants. The Hainesville VFD is in need of a
AEDS, a thermal imaging camera, a compressor & cascade system, and a gas
sensor.
Alba Volunteer Fire Dept
Hawkins Fire Dept
Mineola Fire Dept
Perryville Volunteer Fire Dept
Quitman Fire Dept
Quitman Fire Marshall
108 Broadway St
406 Blackbirn St
300 Greenville Ave
Highway 852
413 E Goode St
403 E Lipscomb St
Alba
Hawkins
Mineola
Winnsboro
Quitman
Quitman
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
54
Wood County Fire and Emergency Response
55
Drought
Drought is a frequent hazard encountered in the Wood County area. The County
is blessed with abundant rainfall, averaging 43 inches a year. However, droughts
have occurred and have had an impact on the area during the years listed below.
The potential severity of impact categories do not fit well with drought, because
there is more damage to the economy than hazard to humans or shutdown of
critical facilities.
Category
Response
Extent
Limited
Unlikely
Probability of Future Events Unlikely
Seasonal Pattern
All year
List of Sources
National Climatic Data Center
Probable Duration
Variable based on several factors
Warning Time
Minimal to no warning
T.V., Internet, Radio
Entire County, but greatest affect to crops and
livestock
Cascading Potential
Economic distress – crop loss, livestock damage
Some ranchers have to sell-off livestock or
purchase water
Pipelines break
Fire potential increases
Location or
County
154
TXZ096>097
- 108>112 124>126 136>138 149>153
191
TXZ096>097
- 108>112 124>126 136>138 149>153 165>167
193
TXZ096>097
- 108>112 124>126 136>138 149>153 165>167
5/1/1996 12:00 AMDrought
Crop
Damage
4.0M
6/1/1998 12:00 AMDrought
150.0M
Date
Time
Type
7/1/1998 12:00 AMDrought
0
56
Wood County and participating cities should refer to the Keetch-Byram Drought
Index posted on the Texas Forest Service’s website to determine if the area is at
risk for droughts.
The Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI), created by John Keetch and George
Byram in 1968 for the United States Department of Agriculture's Forest Service,
outlines mathematical models for predicting the likelihood of wildfire based on
soil moisture and other conditions related to drought.
KBDI is a soil/duff drought index that ranges from 0 (no drought) to 800 (extreme
drought) and is based on the soil capacity in 8 inches of water. The depth of soil
required to hold 8 inches of moisture varies. A prolonged drought (high KBDI)
influences fire intensity largely because fuels have lower moisture content.
Prescribed Fire Personnel should always remember that the KBDI is a measure
of meteorological drought; it reflects water gain or loss within the soil. It does not
measure fuel moisture levels in the 1 to 10 hour fuel classes, which must be
measured by other means for an accurate assessment of fuel moisture,
regardless of the drought index readings.
KBDI INDEX
• KBDI = 0 – 200:
Soil moisture and large class fuel moistures are high and do not contribute much
to fire intensity. Typical of spring dormant season following winter precipitation.
• KBDI = 200 – 400:
Typical of late spring, early growing season. Lower litter and duff layers are
drying and beginning to contribute to fire intensity.
• KBDI = 400 – 600:
Typical of late summer, early fall. Lower litter and duff layers contribute to fire
intensity and will burn actively.
• KBDI = 600 – 800:
Often associated with more severe drought with increased wildfire occurrence.
Intense, deep-burning fires with significant downwind spotting can be expected.
Live fuels can also be expected to burn actively at these levels.
Below is a sample of the current KBDI map for the State of Texas. These maps
can be obtained from the Texas Forestry Service website as mentioned
previously
57
Current Drought Index Map for Wood County
Flooding
Flash Flooding
Wood County flash flood events occur due to a high quantity of rain in a short
amount of time. Damage caused by flash floods is a result of several issues. As
new developments are constructed, the amount of land available to absorb water
is decreased; therefore, an increased quantity of water is forced to other lowlying areas continually expanding the area that will flood. In most cases, as a
part of new development, forest space and/or other plant coverage is decreased,
so the amount of run-off and erosion potential will increase. Inadequate drainage
system capacity is not necessarily the root of the problem, but can add to the
magnitude of the event, if the system was constructed to meet only the minimum
requirements for current (at the time of construction) conditions.
profile flooding and determined that the potential severity of impact for flash
flooding is limited.
•
•
•
58
•
Hazard Profile Worksheet as a guide) to profile how flash flooding could affect
the County.
Category
Extent
Seasonal Pattern
List of Sources
Probable Duration
Warning Time
Cascading Potential
Response
Limited
Highly Likely
Highly Likely
All Year
Assessment
• Committee Input
2-3 hours (Sycamore & Kings Lane)
Less than 1 hour (N. Johnson)
Minimal Warning
TV, Radio, National Weather Service
Frequently flooded areas will have to be
identified
• Loss of Electricity
• Structure and infrastructure damage –
structures flooded and roads eroded
• Debris in transportation paths
• Emergency Response Delays
• Disruption of Traffic
• Impacts to the Economy
The following chart shows Wood County’s flash flood events by year and by
location.
Location or
County
108 Quitman
10/20/1993
135
120 Forest Hill
7/15/1994
546
124
Countywide
146 Quitman
11/4/1994
2205
5/8/1995
100
164 Quitman
2/20/1997
6:00 PM
178 Hawkins
7/7/1997
9:00 AM
179 Hawkins
7/7/1997
9:30 AM
Date
Time
59
234 Alba
6/15/2000
5:20 AM
235 Quitman
6/15/2000
5:20 AM
239 Quitman
2/16/2001
6:20 AM
244 Quitman
12/16/2001
6:05 PM
(See Appendix 1- Historical Storm Event Data for additional information)
Frequency of Event
A total of 11 Flash Flood events have been reported to the National Climatic Data
Center since 1993 through 2002. This is only a 10-year period.
1993 - 2001 11 events = Average of 1.1 events per year
Magnitude
The magnitude of damage is hard to identify for flash floods, but locations of
flooding areas need to be identified in order to take measures to decrease
potential damage in future flash flooding events.
According to the National Climatic Data Center, events have occurred in the
following specific areas:
Location or
Description of Area
County
108 Quitman Ten feet of water was reported over FM 2088 near
Quitman. Highway 37 was flooded.
120 Forest Hill County Road 69 between Forest Hill and Lake
Quitman was flooded.
124
Several bridges were washed out and numerous
Countywide
farm-to-market roads were flooded.
146 Quitman The roof of a mobile home collapsed due to water
loading. (9 miles North of Quitman)
164 Quitman CR220 was completely closed due to high water.
(3 Miles South West of Quitman)
178 Hawkins CR14 was damaged and partially washed out from
flood waters.
179 Hawkins Heavy rains resulted in flooding in and around
Hawkins. Many roads were flooded and
impassable. Cumby road was washed out and
many cars were stalled in the high water in town
234 Alba
FM182 closed due to flash flooding.
235 Quitman FM2966 was closed with 8 inches of water over
the road for 200 yards.
239 Quitman FM 2966, 312, 779 closed due to flooding and
flash flooding.
60
244 Quitman
Water covering Hwy 37 and many Farm to Market
roads closed.
Property Damage
Only $11,000 of property damage has been reported as a result of flash flood
events. This number seems low. An alternative source may be necessary to
gain a more accurate property damage estimate.
Major Flooding
The impact regarding major flooding varies depending on the area of the County
that is being referred to— see below.
Category
Extent
Seasonal Pattern
List of Sources
Probable Duration
Warning Time
Cascading Potential
Response
Limited
Unlikely
Unlikely
Spring & Fall
Assessment
• Committee Input
6 hours max.
12 hours
TV, Radio, National Weather Service, Newspaper
The National Flood Insurance Program has mapped
the areas of the County that are likely to flood
• Misplaced residents and livestock
• Loss of Electricity
• Loss of, or contamination of water supply
• WWTP failure; sewer backup
• Structure and infrastructure damage
• Snakes migrate and mosquitoes increase
• Debris in Transportation Paths
• Emergency Response Delays
• Disruption of Traffic
• Impacts to the Economy
61
Major flood events usually affect a wide-spread area that expands into several
counties. The National Climatic Data Center has reported four (4) flood events
affecting several counties including Wood County.
The following chart shows floods that have affected Wood County and its
description:
Gregg, Harrison,
Panola, Rusk,
2/12/1997
Shelby, Smith,
Wood
3/2/1997
Gregg, Harrison,
Panola, Smith,
Upshur, Wood
2/14/2001
Gregg, Wood
Heavy rain caused the Sabine River to rise
well above flood stage at numerous points.
Rainfall runoff and reservoir discharge from
Lake Fork and Lake Tawakoni all
contributed to the rapid rise of the river. On
the 22nd in Mineola, the Sabine crested at
18.1 feet, which was 4.1 feet above flood
stage. Near Quitman, Lake Fork creek, a
tributary of the Sabine, rose to 19.0 feet,
which was 3 feet above flood stage. At
Gladewater, the river crested at 34.7 feet on
the 28th, which was 8.7 feet above flood
stage. Small buildings and oil wells were
flooded. This was quite a contrast to the
summer of 1996 when drought forced Lake
Tawakoni to 10 feet below normal.
Significant flooding occurred along the
Sabine River in northeast Texas during the
entire month. A few homes in Longview, TX
and a few businesses in Gladewater
reported flooding with secondary roads
under several feet of water. Several
thousand acres of river lowlands were
flooded and cattle had to be moved to higher
ground. The river at Gladewater crested on
the 18th and 19th at 33.0 feet or 7 feet
above floodstage.
Excessive and prolonged heavy rains fell
across the upper Sabine River Basin. The
Sabine River from Hawkins, Gladewater,
and through Longview in Texas, crested at
the highest stages since the May floods of
1990. In Hawkins Texas, the Sabine River
crested at 33.9 feet on the 20th. Near
Gladewater, the river crested at 37.1 feet on
the 21st. Near Longview, the river crested at
33.9 feet on the 25th.
62
2/16/2001
Wood
Excessive and prolonged rain occurred
across the Lake Fork in Wood County,
Texas, resulting in a new lake pool stage
record. The lake rose and crested at 405.20
feet reported at 1930 CST on the 16th. The
previous record was 405.15 feet set on May
4th 1990.
Frequency of Event
A total of four (4) flood events have been reported to the National Climatic Data
Center with reports dated only since 1997 through 2001. Assuming that all flood
events were reported in this 5-year period, the frequency of event averages at
0.8 per year—almost one per year.
Magnitude / Property Damage
The chart above describes the type of damage caused, as well as, the location of
flooded areas, but the property damage in dollar amounts is only listed for two of
the four events totaling $278,000. In order to obtain a more accurate figure, the
committee may want to obtain additional data through insurance claims records.
Floodplain maps are also out-of-date. The Wood County committee may also
want to address this issue as a potential need for funding to update existing
maps. This would further enhance Wood County’s ability to reduce damage and
risk to life as a result of floods. FEMA’s primary push behind hazard mitigation
legislation is to reduce damage as a result of flooding.
The Committee utilized the Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Worksheet as
provided by the Texas Department of Public Safety, Division of Emergency
Management, to determine the County’s vulnerability to each hazard.
Major Flood Events & Flash Flood Events – Specific areas
Vulnerability Group
Very High Risk – People and facilities
located in known risk areas (100-year
floodplain, vulnerable zones affected
by flash flood events)
People
Mineola - ~30
Alba – 0
Winnsboro – approximately 28-35
people live within the floodplain
Housing Units
Mineola – 12
Alba – 0
Winnsboro – approximately 12-15
Critical Facilities
Mineola - 0
Alba - 0
63
Infrastructure and Lifelines
HAZMAT Facilities
Commercial Facilities
Other
Winnsboro – 2 schools
Mineola - 0
Alba - 0
Winnsboro – 0
Quitman – 7 streets & 1 bridge
susceptible to flooding
Mineola - 0
Alba - 0
Winnsboro - 0
Mineola – 1
Alba – 0
Winnsboro - 0
Mineola – 9 (Barns & outbuildings)
Alba – 0
Winnsboro - 0
Wood County – Unknown number of structures in the floodplain
Hawkins – Unknown number of structures in the floodplain
Quitman – Unknown number of structures in the floodplain
Yantis – Unknown number of structures in the floodplain
Flood Plain Maps for the county are out of date. However, the maps may be of
value to the public. Rather than include the many maps in the plan the
Committee opted to include the website information to allow users to go to the
website and view the floodplain maps for each city and the county as a whole.
The website is http://www.fema.gov/, then click on Flood Insurance, Maps and
Information, then click on Flood Maps. In order to find the flood map you may
need, the website offers the following Options.
How to Find Your Flood Map
There are several ways to find your flood map:
Option A: Find your flood map using Product Search by Address. Use this option to find the flood map for any street address is the
U.S.
Option B: Find your flood map using the Product Catalog. This option involves selecting your state, county, community, and flood map
from a list. Most communities include an Index Map that you can view to determine the panel ID of your flood map.
Option C: Find your flood map using Map Search. Use this option to locate your flood map geographically by zooming in on a map of
the U.S.
Option D: Find your flood map using Quick Order. Use this option of you already know the panel ID of your flood map.
64
Streams, Reservoirs and Water Wells
65
Winter Storm
profile ice storm events and determined that the potential severity of impact for
ice storms is limited.
•
•
•
•
Hazard Profile Worksheet as a guide) to profile how ice storms could affect the
County.
Category
Extent
Seasonal Pattern
List of Sources
Probable Duration
Warning Time
Cascading Potential
Response
Limited
Highly Likely
Highly Likely
Winter
Assessment
• Committee Input
Maybe 1 week
12 hours or more
Radio, TV, Newspaper
Entire County is at risk of property
damage and human injury/death
• Power Outage
• Electric lines down
• Bad road conditions,
• Damage to bridges
• Water supply cut off due to lack of
power
• Home medical equipment failure
(due to the lack of power)
• Lack of awareness of what to do
during event
• Fire potential increases
• Pipe damage
• Trees falling / Increased fuel load
• Lack of equipment – such as sand
trucks – increases magnitude of
hazard
66
Justification for the County’s Risk Assessment / Profile
The following chart shows the number of ice storm events by year.
Number of
Events
1994
1
1995
0
1996
1
1997
2
1998
1
1999
0
2000
2
Year of Event
Frequency of Event
A total of 7 Ice Storm events have been reported to the National Climatic Data
Center beginning only in 1994 through 2000. This is a 7-year period.
If taken as currently reported:
1994 - 2000
7 events = Average of 1.0 event per year
Magnitude
Wood County Ice Storm events produce massive amounts of damage both
structurally and economically affecting a large land area.
1994 Ice Storm:
An arctic cold front moved into Northern Texas during the afternoon of the 8th,
causing temperatures to drop 60 degrees within 48 hours in many locations. Up
to four inches of ice and sleet accumulated, making this the most significant ice
storm across East Texas in two years. Numerous highways, businesses, and
schools were closed. Over 30,000 homes suffered power outages, and damage
from falling trees was widespread to homes and businesses. Two indirect
fatalities occurred as icy roads caused traffic accidents.
Affecting the following Counties:
Anderson, Angelina, Bell, Bosque, Bowie, Brown, Callahan, Camp, Cass,
Cherokee, Coleman, Collin, Comanche, Cooke, Coryell, Dallas, Delta, Denton,
Eastland, Ellis, Erath, Falls, Fannin, Franklin, Freestone, Grayson, Gregg,
Hamilton, Harrison, Haskell, Henderson, Hill, Hood, Hopkins, Houston, Hunt,
Jack, Johnson, Jones, Kaufman, Lamar, Lampasas, Leon, Limestone, Marion,
McCulloch, McLennan, Mills, Montague, Morris, Nacogdoches, Navarro, Palo
Pinto, Panola, Parker, Rains, Red River, Rockwall, Rusk, Sabine, San Augustine,
67
San Saba, Shackelford, Shelby, Smith, Somervell, Stephens, Tarrant, Taylor,
Throckmorton, Titus, Trinity, Upshur, Van Zandt, Wise, Wood, Young
Amount of Damage: - Totaling $50 Million
The 1996 Winter Storm:
Sleet caused traffic accidents in and near Tyler, Tx. Sleet also accumulated
across bridges and overpasses in Big Sandy causing a few minor traffic
accidents.
Smith, Upshur, Wood
The January 6, 1997 Ice Storm:
Abundant low-level moisture was pumped northward across the region from low
pressure over the northwest Gulf of Mexico. The moisture overran a freezing
airmass across northeast Texas. The result was 2 to 4 inches of freezing rain
and sleet across the area. Numerous accidents were reported along with power
outages. Several highways were closed.
Bowie, Camp, Cass, Cherokee, Franklin, Gregg, Harrison, Marion, Morris,
Panola, Red River, Rusk, Smith, Titus, Upshur, Wood
The January 14, 1997 Ice Storm:
Ice accumulations of 1/4 to 1/2 inch occurred across portions of northeast Texas.
Several traffic accidents resulted.
Bowie, Camp, Cass, Franklin, Morris, Red River, Titus, Wood
The 1998 Ice Storm:
A shallow artic air mass spread across northeast and east Texas while low
pressure formed in the Gulf of Mexico. This allowed overrunning of warm moist
air over the cold dome producing widespread freezing rain and sleet. Overall ice
accumulations were less than one inch. The ice accumulated mainly across
exposed surfaces such as trees and powerlines as well as bridges and
overpasses. A few automobile accidents and downed trees and powerlines were
the worst result of the storm.
68
Angelina, Bowie, Camp, Cass, Cherokee, Franklin, Gregg, Harrison, Marion,
Morris, Nacogdoches, Panola, Red River, Rusk, Sabine, San Augustine, Shelby,
Smith, Titus, Upshur, Wood
________________________________________________________________
The January 2000 Ice Storm:
A strong upper level trough moved out of the southern Great Basin and into the
lower Mississippi Valley sweeping Artic Air southward to the Gulf Coast. Moisture
laden air from the Gulf overran the freezing surface temperatures producing ice
across the northern half of northeast Texas. Ice accumulations of one to four
inches fell across most of the area with the ice and snow accumulations near 8
inches. Thousands of homes were left without power due to ice covered tree
limbs falling and snapping powerlines. Also, hundreds of chicken houses were
destroyed and several 7 million chicks were killed. Barns, carports, and weak
structure homes suffered collapse from the weight of the ice and snow. Traffic
accidents were numerous and I-30 west of Texarkana had to be shut down when
the freeway became impassable.
Bowie, Camp, Cass, Franklin, Gregg, Harrison, Marion, Morris, Red River, Smith,
Titus, Upshur, Wood.
The December 2000 Ice Storm:
An artic airmass spilled southward out of the central plains and into the lower
Mississippi Valley. This cold surface airmass was overrun by a warm and humid
airmass, which combined with a strong upper level storm system across west
Texas. The result was a mixture of freezing rain, sleet and snow north of a
Quitman to Linden Texas line, while further south, precipitation was in the form of
freezing rain. Ice accumulations of two to 6 inches were common across the
northern third of northeast Texas with accumulations on one to two inches further
south. Over 235,000 people were without power from several hours to several
weeks from snapped power lines. Upwards of 29 transmission lines atop "H"
shaped steel towers were snapped due to the weight of the ice. Numerous traffic
accidents were reported from ice covered roads and bridges. Northeast Texas
was declared a disaster area.
Bowie, Camp, Cass, Cherokee, Franklin, Gregg, Harrison, Marion, Morris,
Nacogdoches, Panola, Red River, Rusk, Shelby, Smith, Titus, Upshur, Wood
Amount of Damage – Totaling $123 Million
________________________________________________________________
69
Total Property Damage
Property damage in dollar amounts is only listed for two of the four events
totaling $173 Million. This number is an estimate that includes all listed
counties, not just Wood County. In order to obtain a more accurate figure, the
Committee may want to obtain additional data through other resources.
Hazardous Materials (HAZMAT)
The Committee analyzed Hazardous Materials in the sense of transportation
accidents, spills, and fires or potential fires/explosions at facilities within the
County to profile hazardous material related events and determined that the
potential severity of impact as a result of a hazardous materials event could
potentially be substantial.
Substantial Characteristics:
•
•
•
Multiple Deaths
Complete shutdown of facilities for 30 days or more
More than 50 percent of property destroyed or with major damage
Hazard Profile Worksheet as a guide) to profile how the storage of hazardous
materials facilities could affect the County.
Hazardous Materials Storage Facilities
Category
Extent
Seasonal Pattern
List of Sources
Probable Duration
Warning Time
Cascading Potential
Response
Substantial
Likely
Likely
Anytime
Committee Input
Few Hours to 1 week
Minimal to 2 hours
None
At facilities that store hazardous materials
• Structural and infrastructure damage as a
result of a fire/explosion
• Interrupts traffic
• Temporary Power Outages
• Economic Loss
• Emergency response delays
• Disease related affects – depending on
hazardous material content
• Deaths – human or livestock
• Environmental Issues
• Potential contamination of water supply
70
Transportation of Hazardous Materials
Category
Extent
Seasonal Pattern
List of Sources
Probable Duration
Warning Time
Cascading Potential
Response
Substantial Impact to humans –
Commercial Trucks, Pipeline & Railroad
Accident, DFW flightpath, Barksdale Air Force
Base flight path, salt domes, coal mines, oil
fields Event occurring is highly likely
The event being substantial is occasional
Highly Likely (Pipeline, railroad spills) Likely
(Railroad derailment)
Anytime
Committee Input
Up to 1 week
No Warning
N/A
Could be along any transportation path or at
facilities that store hazardous materials
• Structural and infrastructure damage as a
result of a fire/explosion
• Interrupts traffic
• Temporary Power Outages
• Economic Loss
• Emergency response delays
hazardous material content
• Deaths – human or livestock
• Environmental Issues
• Contaminated water supply
Sensitive information pertaining to hazardous materials that could affect Wood
County is being excluded from this document due to security issues. This action
plan is a public document; therefore, the Committee determined that specific
information with regard to Hazardous Materials should be withheld from the
general public in order to avoid potential terrorist’s activities. See Appendix 1 –
Historical Storm Event Data for additional information.
Disease (Animal & Human)
Several diseases and health related issues affect Wood County, of which have
varying types of hazards associated with each. Rabies, West Nile, Mad Cow
disease, Brucellosis, Coggins, New Castle Disease, Small Pox, Monkey Pox,
Anthrax, Hepatitis, A & C, and TB are all issues that were discussed during the
Committee meetings.
71
Although Wood County already filters several questions regarding these issues,
public awareness programs is about the only mitigation measure that the County
would be able to implement in order to reduce risks to humans and animals.
Category
Extent
Seasonal Pattern
List of Sources
Probable Duration
Warning Time
Cascading Potential
Response
Substantial
Likely
Likely
Anytime
• Texas Department of Health
• Centers for Disease Control
• Committee Input
1 day – several months
Little to no warning
Internet, radio, T. V.
The Entire County
type of disease and how it is spread
• Deaths- human and/or livestock
• Environmental issues
• Contaminated water supply
Basic information regarding diseases that were mentioned in the Committee
meetings and that could potentially affect the citizens and animals of Wood
County is listed below:
West Nile
According to the Texas Department of Health, positive West Nile cases have
been reported in Birds, Horses and Mosquitoes in Wood County. The elderly and
those with a compromised immune system are at the biggest risk of West Nile
Virus.
Rabies
Wood County has had reported rabies cases. The following table is a list of
rabies cases from 1993 through 7/27/2003.
Year
Number of Cases
Rabies Cases
1996
1
Skunk
1997
4
Skunks
1999
1
Skunks
2001
1
Bats
2002
8
Skunks
72
2002
1
Coyotes
2003
2
Skunks
Texas Department of Health, Zoonosis Control Division
Earthquake
The Committee analyzed information from Texas Earthquakes, by Cliff Froclich
and Scott Davis to profile earthquake events and determined that the potential
severity of impact from an earthquake is extremely limited. In fact, the damage
would probably affect the Wood County to a lesser degree than what is defined
as “Limited Characteristics.” Additionally, there has never been a previous
occurrence of an earthquake reported in Wood County; therefore, earthquakes
are not addressed in the mitigation goals and action items.
Hazard Profile Worksheet as a guide) to profile how earthquakes could affect the
County.
Category
Extent
Seasonal Pattern
List of Sources
Probable Duration
Warning Time
Cascading Potential
Response
Limited
Unlikely
Unlikely
Anytime
• Texas Earthquakes, by Cliff Frohlich & Scott
Davis
• State of Texas Hazards Analysis
• Committee Input
N/A
N/A
Entire County could feel the affects
• Poorly Built or very sensitive structures could
be affected.
According to Cliff Frohlich and Scott Davis’s Texas Earthquakes,
“In Northeastern Texas the greatest hazard is from very large earthquakes
(magnitudes 7 or above) that might occur outside of Texas, particularly in
Missouri, Tennessee, or Oklahoma. Although Texas may experience some
earthquake hazard, this hazard is extraordinarily small in comparison to
many other states. In most parts of Texas there is no need to enact
sweeping changes in construction practices or take other drastic measures
to mitigate earthquake hazard.”
73
According to the State of Texas Hazards Analysis, the Wood County is listed as
a county that could be affected by an earthquake and also states that the
earthquakes that pose a hazard are rare, probably occurring only once per 500
years or less.
“Distant earthquakes would be most likely to damage large buildings or
poorly reinforced masonry structures. Earthquakes with epicenters within
this region are rare and small; several earthquakes with magnitudes 3 to
4.5 will probably occur each century. These pose little or no risk…”
Because earthquakes pose such little risk to the region, the Wood County
Hazard Mitigation Committee opted not to pursue action items or mitigation
strategies for this hazard and will not be discussed further. This hazard will be
reevaluated during subsequent annual reviews and be addressed should the
potential risk change. As the Institute for Geophysics indicates: “while Texas
does face some earthquake hazard, this hazard is very small in comparison
to that in many other states, including California, Missouri, Montana, South
Carolina, and Washington. In most parts of Texas earthquake hazard is also
small compared to the hazard attributable from other natural phenomena,
such as tornados, floods, and severe storms. Thus there is no need for
Texas to enact sweeping changes in construction practices, or take other
drastic measures to mitigate earthquake hazard”.
Dam Failure
According to the National Inventory of Dams, there is no record of significant dam
failure in the county. Dam failure is defined as the sudden, uncontrolled release
of impounded water typically resulting in downstream flooding, which can affect
life and property. Dam Failures can result from manmade or natural occurrences
such as flooding, earthquakes, blockages, landslides, lack of maintenance,
improper operation, poor construction or vandalism.
Hazard Profile Worksheet as a guide) to profile how dam failures could affect the
County.
Category
Extent
Probability of Future
Events
Seasonal Pattern
List of Sources
Probable Duration
Warning Time
Response
Limited
Unlikely
Unlikely
Anytime
“National Inventory of Dams”
“State of Texas Hazards Analysis”
Committee Input
N/A
N/A
Flood prone areas downstream of water
74
bodies
Property damage – bridges, structures,
roads, crops, livestock
Deaths
Traffic Delays
Temporary Loss of Electricity
Cascading Potential
Several nearby dams could have an impact on Wood County should any of the
dams fail. Below is a list of Dams within Wood County, also listed is the dam
elevation and the Lat and Long for the dam location. The area that may be
impacted by the dam is also listed as impacted area. These areas are listed by
City name or area name such as “Golden” which is an area within the County,
but is not incorporated.
Feature
Type County
Impacted
Area
Elevation
Lat
Long
Adkins Lake Dam
Dam
Wood
Mineola
413 feet
32.678ºN
95.490ºW
Big L Lake Dam
Dam
Wood
Golden
410 feet
32.688ºN
95.525ºW
Big Woods Spring Lake
Dam
Dam
Wood
Cartwright
440 feet
32.825ºN
95.250ºW
Bobo Lake Dam
Dam
Wood
Hainesville
430 feet
32.698ºN
95.302ºW
Boggy Lake Dam
Dam
Wood
Shady Grove
364 feet
32.692ºN
95.204ºW
Brittain Lake Dam
Dam
Wood
Golden
423 feet
32.750ºN
95.524ºW
Brooks Lake Dam
Dam
Wood
Shady Grove
374 feet
32.687ºN
95.217ºW
Camp Lake Dam
Dam
Wood
Hainesville
371 feet
32.670ºN
95.350ºW
Crystal Lake Dam
Dam
Wood
Quitman
367 feet
32.788ºN
95.480ºW
Forkview Lake Dam
Dam
Wood
Quitman
371 feet
32.792ºN
95.479ºW
Garner Dam
Dam
Wood
Mineola
390 feet
32.717ºN
95.462ºW
Greens Lake Dam
Dam
Wood
Quitman
371 feet
32.817ºN
95.459ºW
Gunstream Dam
Number 1
Dam
Wood
Rhonesboro
410 feet
32.787ºN
95.232ºW
Gunstream Dam
Number 2
Dam
Wood
Rhonesboro
446 feet
32.793ºN
95.222ºW
Harris Lake B Dam
Dam
Wood
Quitman
400 feet
32.780ºN
95.430ºW
Hayes Lake Dam
Dam
Wood
Calvary
397 feet
32.768ºN
95.532ºW
Holly Lake Dam
Dam
Wood
Shady Grove
354 feet
32.717ºN
95.207ºW
Horseshoe Dam
Dam
Wood
Rhonesboro
489 feet
32.838ºN
95.199ºW
Indian Mound Dam
Dam
Wood
Hainesville
407 feet
32.675ºN
95.299ºW
Kim Juan Lake Dam
Dam
Wood
Golden
394 feet
32.685ºN
95.535ºW
75
Kindle Lake Dam
Dam
Wood
Calvary
403 feet
32.770ºN
95.520ºW
Lake Brenda Dam
Dam
Wood
Mineola
407 feet
32.697ºN
95.475ºW
Lake Fork Dam
Dam
Wood
Calvary
335 feet
32.777ºN
95.500ºW
Lake Greenbriar Dam
Dam
Wood
Kennedale
567 feet
32.705ºN
97.189ºW
Lake Louise Dam
Dam
Wood
Grand Saline
380 feet
32.745ºN
95.632ºW
Lake Lydia Dam
Dam
Wood
Quitman
371 feet
32.778ºN
95.400ºW
Lake O the Woods Dam
Dam
Wood
Hainesville
367 feet
32.647ºN
95.279ºW
Lake Timado Dam
Dam
Wood
Quitman
344 feet
32.757ºN
95.482ºW
Lake Winnsboro Dam
Dam
Wood
Winnsboro
417 feet
32.887ºN
95.345ºW
Lemon Dam
Dam
Wood
Rhonesboro
538 feet
32.860ºN
95.205ºW
Little Sandy Dam
Dam
Wood
Crow
298 feet
32.583ºN
95.272ºW
Long Lake Dam
Dam
Wood
Mineola
384 feet
32.715ºN
95.474ºW
Lower West Lake Dam
Dam
Wood
Hainesville
348 feet
32.650ºN
95.279ºW
Midway Lake Dam
Dam
Wood
Cartwright
472 feet
32.870ºN
95.359ºW
Mineola Club Dam
Dam
Wood
Mineola
384 feet
32.682ºN
95.495ºW
New Wells Dam Number
1
Dam
Wood
Quitman
380 feet
32.770ºN
95.454ºW
Quitman Club Lake Dam
Dam
Wood
Quitman
380 feet
32.778ºN
95.387ºW
Redland Acres Dam
Dam
Wood
Hainesville
413 feet
32.667ºN
95.329ºW
Rock Falls Dam
Dam
Wood
Mineola
374 feet
32.663ºN
95.395ºW
Sundowner Lake Dam
Dam
Wood
Mineola
377 feet
32.727ºN
95.385ºW
Upper West Lake Dam
Dam
Wood
Hainesville
371 feet
32.660ºN
95.280ºW
Wells Dam Number 4
Dam
Wood
Quitman
338 feet
32.767ºN
95.442ºW
Wells Dam Number 5
Dam
Wood
Quitman
387 feet
32.772ºN
95.440ºW
Wells Lake Number 2
Dam
Dam
Wood
Quitman
384 feet
32.780ºN
95.454ºW
Wheeler Lake Dam
Dam
Wood
Winnsboro
462 feet
32.928ºN
95.365ºW
Wood County Dam
Number 1
Dam
Wood
Quitman
413 feet
32.858ºN
95.450ºW
Wood County Dam
Number 2
Dam
Wood
Golden
341 feet
32.685ºN
95.552ºW
Wood County Dam
Number 3
Dam
Wood
Crow
341 feet
32.612ºN
95.252ºW
Woods Lake Dam
Dam
Wood
Alba
420 feet
32.773ºN
95.645ºW
Woodvale Dam
Dam
Wood
Mineola
358 feet
32.638ºN
95.392ºW
76
Additionally, The Sabine River Authority has an Emergency Management Plan
for Lake Fork should this dam fail. The Authority also has been working on GIS
maps related to Dam Hazard Mitigation.
Action items will be added to the plan which assists the Counties and cities in
better identifying developed areas prone to damage should these dams fail.
The Committee determined that dam failures pose little risk to the county;
however, action items and mitigation strategies for this hazard were added to the
plan.
77
Wood County Hydrology-Dam Locations
78
Assessing Vulnerability & Risks
Requirement: The risk assessment shall include a description of the jurisdiction’s
vulnerability to the hazards and shall include an overall summary of each hazard
and its impact on the community. The plan shall describe vulnerability in terms
of; the types and numbers of existing and future buildings, infrastructure, and
critical facilities located in the identified hazard areas…
FREQUENCY
The Hazard Mitigation Committee used a matrix system to assist them in
prioritizing each hazard. The matrix is a method of using frequency (as defined
on pages 36 and 37) and severity to categorize each hazard into a risk
classification that assists in ranking each hazard into classifications that will also
defines its level of potential impact.
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
C
B
C
B
D
C
D
D
Class D / Class C
Limited
/ Minor
SEVERITY
A
B
B
C
Class B
/ Major
A
A
B
C
Class A /
Substantial
Classification A: High-Risk conditions with the highest priority from mitigation and
contingency planning (immediate action)
Example of Losses: Death or potentially fatal injury, complete shutdown of facilities and
critical services for more than 30 days, more than 50% of property located in affected
area is severely damaged.
Classification B: Moderate-to-High Risk condition with risk addresses by mitigation and
contingency planning (prompt action)
Example of Losses: Permanent disability, severe injury/illness, complete shutdown of
facilities or critical services for more than 14 days, more than 25 % of property in
affected area is severely damaged.
Classification C: Risk condition sufficiently high to give consideration for further
mitigation and planning.
Examples of Losses: Injury or illness not resulting in disability, complete shutdown of
facilities and critical services for more than 7 days, more than 10% of property located in
affected area is severely damaged.
Classification D: Low-risk condition with additional mitigation contingency planning
(advisory in nature)
Examples of Losses: Treatable first-aid injury, complete shutdown of facilities and
critical services for more than 1 day, less than 10% pf property located in affected area
is severely damaged.
79
Prioritizing Hazards
Based on these analyses, the following hazards were rated according to priority:
The Committee utilized the Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Worksheet as
provided by the Texas Department of Public Safety, Division of Emergency
Management, to determine the County’s vulnerability to each hazard.
Wood County Risk Assessment Priority
Tornado
Disease
HAZMAT – Storage
Facilities
HAZMAT – Transportation
Related
Winter Storms
Drought
Flooding
Thunderstorm / Lightning /
Hail
Flash Flooding
Wildfire
Earthquake
Dam Failure
Class A
A
A
Class B
Class C
Class D
A
A
B
B
B
C
C
C
D
D
Alba Risk Assessment Priority
Tornado
Disease
HAZMAT – Storage
Facilities
Related
Ice Storms/ Winter Storms
Drought
Hail
Flooding
Flash Flooding
Wildfire
Earthquake
Dam Failure
Class A
A
A
Class B
Class C
Class D
A
A
B
B
C
C
C
C
D
D
80
Hawkins Risk Assessment Priority
Tornado
Disease
HAZMAT – Storage
Facilities
Related
Drought
Flooding
Hail
Flash Flooding
Wildfire
Earthquake
Dam Failure
Class A
A
A
Class B
Class C
Class D
A
A
B
B
B
C
C
C
D
D
Mineola Assessment Priority
Tornado
Disease
HAZMAT – Storage
Facilities
Related
Drought
Hail
Flooding
Flash Flooding
Wildfire
Earthquake
Dam Failure
Class A
A
A
Class B
Class C
Class D
A
A
B
B
C
C
C
C
D
D
81
Quitman Risk Assessment Priority
Tornado
Disease
HAZMAT – Storage
Facilities
Related
Drought
Flooding
Hail
Flash Flooding
Wildfire
Earthquake
Dam Failure
Class A
A
A
Class B
Class C
Class D
A
A
B
B
B
C
C
C
D
D
Winnsboro Assessment Priority
Tornado
Disease
HAZMAT – Storage
Facilities
Related
Drought
Hail
Flooding
Flash Flooding
Wildfire
Earthquake
Dam Failure
Class A
A
A
Class B
Class C
Class D
A
A
B
B
C
C
C
C
D
D
82
Yantis Risk Assessment Priority
Tornado
Disease
HAZMAT – Storage
Facilities
Related
Drought
Flooding
Hail
Flash Flooding
Wildfire
Earthquake
Dam Failure
Class A
A
A
Class B
Class C
Class D
A
A
Earthquake – Countywide Impact
Vulnerability Group
B
B
B
C
C
C
D
D
Limited Risk – People and facilities
located in areas that have low
frequency history of impacts from
hazards and/or in areas where impact
is possible but not probable.
Since an earthquake could affect the entire County, please see the Countywide
vulnerability list on the next page for amenities that could be affected by an
earthquake.
The hazards identified below have no specific boundaries and affect Wood
County, and the cities of Alba, Hawkins, Mineola, Quitman, Winnsboro, and
Yantis equally.
Tornados, Thunderstorm Wind, Hail Storms, Lightening, Ice Storms, Wildfire,
Hazardous Materials/Transportation Related, Disease – Countywide Impact
High Risk – People and facilities located in areas that have
Vulnerability
previously experienced impacts from hazards and/or in areas
Group
where impacts from hazards are possible and probable
People
36,752
Housing Units
17,939 – Occupied Housing Units
Wood
Alba
Hawkins
Critical facility type
County
Critical
&
Ambulance service
1
0
0
Special
Facilities
Animal hospital
3
0
0
Child care
8
0
1
83
Critical
Special
Facilities
&
Churches
Clinics
Convalescent homes
Dentists
Federal government
Fire stations
Government offices –
state
county
Government offices - city
Hospitals
Landfills
Newspaper
Nursing homes
Pharmacies
Physicians
Police stations
Radio stations
Residential homes
Rest homes
Retirement communities
Schools
Colleges
Nursery
schools/Kindergartens
Sheriff
Veterinarians
Cable television
Airports
Hospices
Children's home
Total critical facilities
Ambulance service
Animal hospital
Child care
Churches
Clinics
Convalescent homes
Dentists
Federal government
Fire stations
125
11
2
8
3
6
11
0
0
0
0
1
18
2
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
21
0
2
13
2
1
3
5
8
16
4
2
2
2
2
27
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
2
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
4
1
0
0
0
2
5
4
2
1
1
293
Mineola
0
0
2
35
5
1
5
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
16
Quitman
0
0
2
19
1
0
1
0
2
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
36
Winnsboro
0
3
3
31
2
1
2
0
1
1
84
state
county
Hospitals
Landfills
Mental Retardation
Homes
Newspaper
Nursing homes
Pharmacies
Physicians
Police stations
Radio stations
Residential homes
Rest homes
Schools
Colleges
Nursery
Sheriff
Television stations
Veterinarians
Cable television
Airports
Hospices
Children's home
Critical
Special
Facilities
&
Ambulance service
Animal hospital
Child care
Churches
Clinics
Convalescent homes
Dentists
Federal government
Fire stations
state
6
12
1
3
1
0
1
0
0
5
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
2
0
1
1
0
0
1
6
0
1
1
2
4
1
0
1
2
0
6
0
1
2
3
12
1
1
0
0
1
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
76
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
60
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
78
Yantis
0
0
0
5
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
85
county
Hospitals
Landfills
Newspaper
Nursing homes
Pharmacies
Physicians
Police stations
Radio stations
Residential homes
Rest homes
Schools
Colleges
Nursery
Sheriff
Television stations
Veterinarians
Cable television
Airports
Hospices
Children's home
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Data regarding these facilities was limited in extent and is shown where it was
available. Although there are gaps in this data, the Multi-Hazard Goal #2
addresses how this will be resolved in the future.
Multi-Hazard #2
Continue efforts to research data useful to the hazard mitigation planning
process, plan for future growth, implement measures effectively, and integrate
hazard mitigation goals and activities into the fabric of existing regulatory
measures.
86
Infrastructure and Lifelines
US Highway
69, 80
37, 11, 154,
182
State Highway
Farmer Market
Rd.
1448, 852
Miles of Road
Total
Miles
County
Mineola
1,236
Quitman
1,079
55
Alba
Hawkins
23
13
Winnsboro Yantis
26
33
7
Stream Crossings
Total
County
Mineola
Quitman
539
17
Alba
Hawkins
3
1
Winnsboro
2
Yantis
0
0
Bridges
Total
TXDOT
LOCAL
County
Mineola
98
15
Quitman
1
0
Alba
0
1
Hawkins
0
0
Winnsboro Yantis
0
0
0
0
0
0
Airports
Total
County
64pvt
Mineola
2public
Quitman
Alba
Hawkins
Winnsboro
Yantis
87
Railroad
Total
Miles
County
Mineola
105
100
Quitman
2
Alba
0
Hawkins
0
Winnsboro
1.5
Yantis
2
0
Dams
Total
County
Mineola
58
60
Quitman
1
Alba
Hawkins
Winnsboro
Yantis
1
HAZMAT Facilities and Pipelines
Pipeline Materials
Material
s
Crude oil, natural gas,
propane/butane
Pipeline Miles
Total
Miles
County
Mineola
419
383
EPA-Regulated Facilities – 54
Quitman
3
Alba
0
0.08
Hawkins
Winnsboro Yantis
30.67
0.58
1.1
Commercial Facilities – 1,889
88
Potential Future Development
Depending on the hazard type, the entire County could be at risk of damage, so any
future development will be at risk of damage. According to population trends within the
past ten years, the County’s population has been growing. If the population trend
continues, then the number of houses is projected to increase by one house per 2.42
people. This means that potentially an additional 3,046 housing units could be built
within the next ten years within Wood County.
CRITICAL FACILITIES
Transportation
89
Pipelines
90
Wells
91
Emergency and Routine Healthcare Centers and Hospitals
There are two hospitals within Wood County:
ETMC – Quitman
117 N Winnsboro St., Quitman, Texas – (28 beds)
Presbyterian Hospital
719 W Coke Rd, Winnsboro, Texas.
One emergency medical service provider, located in Winnsboro,
Wood County also has eleven clinics, sixteen doctor offices, eight dentists, five
veterinarians, one animal shelter, and three animal hospitals.
Health Care Facilities
92
Clinics
Winnsboro Chiropractic Clinic 703 S Mill St
Wound Care Ctr
719 W Coke Rd # 8
Yantis Family Clinic
115 N Main St # B
East Texas Medical Ctr
5875 S State Highway 37
East Texas Medical Ctr Health 106 E Blackbourn St
Elliott Thomas Health Ctr
415 W Kilpatrick St
Mineola Family Clinic
312 N Pacific St
Mineola Medical & Surgical
620 E Broad St
New Life Clinics
33 Woodland Vlg
Trinity Mother Frances Medical 1302 N Pacific St
Trinity Mother Frances Medical 117 N Winnsboro St
Winnsboro
Winnsboro
Yantis
Mineola
Hawkins
Mineola
Mineola
Mineola
Hawkins
Mineola
Quitman
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
Physicians
Cathey Jr, George V MD
Daniels Medical Clinic
Family Care Ctr
Waddleton, Beverly MD
Wadle, Brent DO
Winnsboro Ear Nose & Throat
Blab, Michael W MD
Blair, R Van MD
Clothier, Mark MD
De La Cruz, Alberto MD
East Texas Gastroenterology
East Texas Urology
Eye Center Assoc
Family Practice
Glen Lakes Orthopedics
Murley Clinic Inc
117 N Winnsboro St
117 N Winnsboro St
711 E Goode St
129 N Winnsboro St
719 W Coke Rd # 6
719 W Coke Rd
719 W Coke Rd # 3
719 W Coke Rd # 1
719 W Coke Rd # 2
719 W Coke Rd # 7
719 W Coke Rd # 5
719 W Coke Rd
719 W Coke Rd # 5
719 W Coke Rd # 3 # 6
719 W Coke Rd # 5
600 E Coke Rd
Quitman
Quitman
Quitman
Quitman
Winnsboro
Winnsboro
Winnsboro
Winnsboro
Winnsboro
Winnsboro
Winnsboro
Winnsboro
Winnsboro
Winnsboro
Winnsboro
Winnsboro
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
Dentists
Weedon, Kyle DDS
Dental Care Of Mineola
Marvin G Stephens Inc
Mineola Dental Diagnostic
Scott, John W DDS
Eberhart, Gregory S DDS
Cannaday, Henry F DDS
Mc Adoo, Mike DDS
115 N Newsom St
139 Maxine St
112 S Line St
223 Graham St
615 N Pacific St
208 S Main St
505 S Mill St
402 S Main St
Mineola
Mineola
Mineola
Mineola
Mineola
Quitman
Winnsboro
Winnsboro
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
Veterinarians
Hawkins Pet Exotic Animal Care
TX
Lake Country Animal Clinic
1124 W Fm 564
Mineola Veterinary Clinic
1820 W Broad St
Quitman Animal Clinic
1142 E Goode St
1129 N Beaulah St Hawkins
Mineola
Mineola
Quitman
TX
TX
TX
93
Animal Shelter
Mineola Animal Shelter
Freeman St
Mineola
TX
Animal Hospitals
Winnsboro Vet Medical Ctr
Pet & Exotic Animal Clinic
Tri-County Veterinary Clinic
21006 Texas Highway 11 E
County Rd 4660
958 Wheeler Dr
Winnsboro
Winnsboro
Winnsboro
TX
TX
TX
Nursing Homes
There are five nursing homes, two convalescent homes, two residential homes, two
retirement communities, and two rest homes in Wood County.
Convalescent Homes
Whispering Pines
Harvest Care Nursing Ctr
910 S Beech St
716 Mimosa Dr
Winnsboro
Mineola
TX
TX
Nursing Homes
Wood Memorial Nursing Home 220 Greenville Ave
Brookwoods Elder Care
821 S Main St
Hawkins Care Ctr
230 S Beaulah St
Heritage Nursing Home
1026 E Goode St
Trinity Mission Health & Rehab 502 E Coke Rd
Mineola
Winnsboro
Hawkins
Quitman
Winnsboro
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
Retirement Community
Winnsboro Manor Inc
Mineola Senior Communities
955 Taylor Dr
1136 N Newsom St
Winnsboro
Mineola
TX
TX
Rest Homes
Village Manor Nursing Home
Pine Villa's LTD
503 N College St
704 S Mcallister St
Quitman
Quitman
TX
TX
Quitman
Hawkins
TX
TX
Residential Homes
Wesley House Assisted Living 1031 E Goode St
Gardens At Hawkins Co
648 N Beaulah St
94
Special Needs
95
Public Law Enforcement Stations
96
Schools and Daycare Facilities
There are 11 local school districts within the Wood County. There are a total of six
elementary, three intermediate or middle schools, and five high schools.
There is one elementary school, one middle school and one high school in Winnsboro.
Winnsboro Accelerated Learning
112 W Elm St Winnsboro
TX
Winnsboro Head Start
310 W Coke Rd
Winnsboro
TX
There is one elementary school, and one high school in Quitman.
Dogwood Christian Learning Ctr
320 County Road 2153
Quitman
TX
Lake Country Learning Ctr
1101 E Goode St
Quitman
TX
Quitman Special Educ Elmntry 1101 E Goode St
Quitman
TX
There is one elementary school, and one high school in Alba.
There is one elementary school, one middle school and one high school in Hawkins.
There are two elementary schools, one middle school and one high school in Mineola.
Mineola Preschool
740 W Patten St
Mineola
TX
There are eight daycare/childcare centers within Wood County.
privately owned and managed.
Most of these are
97
Wood County Schools 1
98
Emergency Shelters
Mineola Emergency Shelters
99
City of Quitman – Emergency Shelters
100
Quitman Emergency Shelters
Carroll Green Civic Center – 602 McAllister Street – 903-763-5100
300 spaces, restrooms, and kitchen
Quitman High/Jr. High School – 1101/1103 E. Goode Street
Gym – 100 spaces, showers, restrooms, kitchen
Morris Avenue Gym – 100 spaces, shower, restrooms
Quitman Elementary School – 902 East Goode Street – 903-763-5423
100 spaces with restrooms and kitchen
Quitman Public Library – 202 East Goode Street – 903-763-4191
75 spaces with restrooms only
First Baptist Church – 301 East Lane Street – 903-763-4142
First Methodist Church – 406 East Lane Street – 903-763-4127
Church on the Rock – 302 South Main Street – 9030763-4588
75 spaces with restroom, shower, kitchen if necessary in the Education Building
101
Government Offices
102
Religious Facilities
103
City Maps
104
Mineola – Critical Facilities
105
Quitman – Critical Facilities
106
WOOD COUNTY HAZARD IMPACT and RISK SUMMARY
Hazard
Sector
Tornados
Wood
County
Disease
Wood
County
Hazardous
Materials
Wood
County
Drought
Wood
County
Winter Storm /
Ice Storm
Wood
County
Flooding / Flash
Flooding
Wood
County
Thunderstorms /
Hail / Lightning
Wood
County
Wildfire
Wood
County
Dam Failure
Wood
County
Earthquakes
Wood
County
Frequency of
Occurrence
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Warning Time
Potential
Severity
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Risk Level
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Priority*
High
High
High
Medium
Medium
Medium
Low
Low
Low
Low
* High, Medium, Low
107
ALBA HAZARD IMPACT and RISK SUMMARY
Hazard
Sector
Tornados
Alba
Disease
Alba
Hazardous
Materials
Alba
Drought
Alba
Winter Storm /
Ice Storm
Alba
Thunderstorms /
Hail / Lightning
Alba
Wildfire
Alba
Flooding / Flash
Flooding
Alba
Dam Failure
Alba
Earthquakes
Alba
Frequency of
Occurrence
□
□
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Warning Time
Potential
Severity
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Risk Level
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Priority*
High
High
High
Medium
Medium
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
* High, Medium, Low
108
HAWKINS HAZARD IMPACT and RISK SUMMARY
Hazard
Sector
Tornados
Hawkins
Disease
Hawkins
Hazardous
Materials
Hawkins
Drought
Hawkins
Winter Storm /
Ice Storm
Hawkins
Flooding /
Flash Flooding
Hawkins
Thunderstorms
/ Hail /
Lightning
Hawkins
Wildfire
Hawkins
Dam Failure
Hawkins
Earthquakes
Hawkins
Frequency of
Occurrence
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Warning Time
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Potential
Severity
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Risk Level
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Priority*
High
High
High
Medium
Medium
Medium
Low
Low
Low
Low
* High, Medium, Low
109
MINEOLA HAZARD IMPACT and RISK SUMMARY
Hazard
Sector
Tornados
Mineola
Disease
Mineola
Hazardous
Materials
Mineola
Drought
Mineola
Winter Storm /
Ice Storm
Mineola
Flooding /
Flash Flooding
Mineola
Thunderstorms
/ Hail /
Lightning
Mineola
Wildfire
Mineola
Dam Failure
Mineola
Earthquakes
Mineola
Frequency of
Occurrence
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Warning Time
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Potential
Severity
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Risk Level
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Priority*
High
High
High
Medium
Medium
Medium
Low
Low
Low
Low
* High, Medium, Low
110
QUITMAN HAZARD IMPACT and RISK SUMMARY
Hazard
Sector
Tornados
Quitman
Disease
Quitman
Hazardous
Materials
Quitman
Drought
Quitman
Winter Storm /
Ice Storm
Quitman
Flooding /
Flash Flooding
Quitman
Thunderstorms
/ Hail /
Lightning
Quitman
Wildfire
Quitman
Dam Failure
Quitman
Earthquakes
Quitman
Frequency of
Occurrence
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Warning Time
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Potential
Severity
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Risk Level
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Priority*
High
High
High
Medium
Medium
Medium
Low
Low
Low
Low
* High, Medium, Low
111
WINNSBORO HAZARD IMPACT and RISK SUMMARY
Hazard
Sector
Tornados
Winnsboro
Disease
Winnsboro
Hazardous
Materials
Winnsboro
Drought
Winnsboro
Winter Storm /
Ice Storm
Winnsboro
Flooding /
Flash Flooding
Winnsboro
Thunderstorms
/ Hail /
Lightning
Winnsboro
Wildfire
Winnsboro
Dam Failure
Winnsboro
Earthquakes
Winnsboro
Frequency of
Occurrence
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Warning Time
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Potential
Severity
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Risk Level
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Priority*
High
High
High
Medium
Medium
Medium
Low
Low
Low
Low
* High, Medium, Low
112
YANTIS HAZARD IMPACT and RISK SUMMARY
Hazard
Sector
Tornados
Yantis
Disease
Yantis
Hazardous
Materials
Yantis
Drought
Yantis
Winter Storm /
Ice Storm
Yantis
Flooding /
Flash Flooding
Yantis
Thunderstorms
/ Hail /
Lightning
Yantis
Wildfire
Yantis
Dam Failure
Yantis
Earthquakes
Yantis
Frequency of
Occurrence
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Likely
Occasional
Unlikely
Warning Time
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Minimal or None
3 to 6 hours
6 to 12 hours
More than 12 hours
Potential
Severity
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Substantial
Major
Minor
Limited
Risk Level
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Very High
High
Limited
Minimal
Priority*
High
High
High
Medium
Medium
Medium
Low
Low
Low
Low
* High, Medium, Low
113
Estimating Potential Losses
The hazards identified, with the exception of flooding, have no specific boundaries, and
affect Wood County and the cities of Alba, Hawkins, Mineola, Quitman, Winnsboro, and
Yantis equally.
The Texas Department of Insurance (TDI) does not have statistical data pertaining to
claims related to specific hazard events for specific counties. TDI only has statewide
statistical data. Several insurance companies have also been contacted in an attempt to
obtain data pertaining to estimated losses by hazard by county. This information is
competitive information that the insurance companies are not willing to disperse. So, in
order to fulfill this requirement, the County/City compiled a list of public infrastructure,
including structures, water and sewer system, and bridges and estimated values. If a
significant hazard were to occur, the amenity could experience total loss.
Detailed data is not available for Wood County, City of Alba, City of Hawkins, City of
Quitman, and City of Yantis, so the total appraised value of property within each
jurisdiction is the best available data to address this requirement.
If all property in Wood County experienced total loss, then damages would be estimated
at $1,873,172,172.
City of Alba’s total loss estimate = $15,034,258
City of Hawkins’ total loss estimate = $52,193,515
City of Quitman’s total loss estimate = $94,381,887
City of Yantis’ total loss estimate = $ 13,710,000
A more detailed study is needed in order to develop a more detailed estimate of potential
losses. As a result, the County developed action items to address this very issue in the
future. Please see the following goal:
Multi-Hazard #2
Continue efforts to research data useful to the hazard mitigation planning process, plan
for future growth, implement measures effectively, and integrate hazard mitigation goals
and activities into the fabric of existing regulatory measures.
Implementation:
Continue efforts to collect data regarding estimated costs of past and potential
structural damage and prioritize mitigation projects.
114
ESTIMATED VALUE
City of Mineola
Mineola
Animal Shelter/ Dog House
City hall/ Police
Fire Station
Sign / traffic Control Storage
Storage Tank ( 500K Gal)
Pumping Plant
Storage
Storage Tank ( 500K Gal)
Elevated Water Tank (153K Gal)
Water Tower (500K Gal)
Water Tower (300K Gal)
Street Department Shop/ Storage
Street Department Break Room
Water Shop/ Equipment Storage
Water/ Street Department Offices
Gazebo
Museum
Train Depot
Community Devel. Storage
Road/ Fencing Culverts Bollards
Site Piping
Primary Unit
Aeration Outlet Box Basin
Clarifiers
UV Structure
Effluent Structure
Return Sludge Pump Station
Plant Lift Station
Belt Press Building
Office/ Laboratory and Signs
Generator/ Electrical Modifications
Electric Building
Pavilion
Animal Shelter/ Cat House
Pavilion
Building Value
51,648
1,158,820
364,519
4,246
203,000
62,222
40,383
203,000
205,000
520,000
430,000
63,255
39,376
89, 520
52,756
27,561
460,689
184,064
14,500
77,000
348,400
269,000
184,000
427,000
157,000
114,000
209,000
19,000
72,000
55,572
347,000
75,000
20,000
16,458
45,000
Contents Value
10,000
500,000
250,000
10,000
20,000
85,000
5,000
100,000
10,000
8,000
1,000
1,500
321,000
53,428
20,000
2,000
115
Winnsboro
Agitators Aerators Sewer
Airport hanger
Antennas Maintenance
Bath House Parks
City Auditorium/ Administration
City Hall/ Fire Station Administration
Concession Building Parks
350 K Gal Elevated water Stge T water
Gilbreath Memorial Library Administration
500 K Gal Ground Water Stge Tan Water
Lift Station Sewer
Lift Station Sewer
Lion’s Park/ Concession Stand Park
Lion’s storage Bldg Parks
Metal Pump Building Water
Old Water Plant Storage Water
Pool Pump House Parks
Lab & Office Wastewater Treatment
Pump House Water
Radio Equipment maintenance
Underground Lift Station Sewer
Water Filtration Plant/ Clarifi Sewer
Water Pumps
Flocculators Sewer
Livesock Pavilion/ Park
Equipment Shed at Tower Maintenance
Maint Bldg/ Water Plant
2M Gal Ground Water Stge Tank Water
`Animal Shelter
Storage Bldg Wastewater Treatment
Lab offices Wastewater Treatment
Gas Pavilion / Pumps Wastewater
Treatment
Chlorine Building
Depot/ Museum Administration
Lab and Offices/ Water Plant
Chlorine Building
Fuel Tank and Fuel Pump
Lion’s Park/ Concession/ Restroom
Water Filtration Plant/ Clarifier. Water
Building Value
350,000
175,400
1,500
126,400
222,200
816,500
39,900
485,000
346,200
215,000
9,000
85,000
39,900
10,800
5,600
40,600
15,000
14,000
12,500
15,000
950,000
50,000
150,000
165,800
1,400
155,300
483,800
110,000
5,300
40,700
4,500
3,700
310,300
300,000
3,400
1,500
38,500
500,000
Contents Value
100,000
200,000
75,000
20,000
130,000
30,000
30,000
156,000
60,000
9,550
35,000
15,000
10,000
15,000
30,000
50,000
25,000
335,000
10,000
116
Potential Losses as a Result of Flooding
The City of Mineola, as reported in the Assessing Vulnerability and Risk Section, has
approximately 12 residential structures within the floodplain. These structures’ average
appraised value is $116,964. So these structures, if damaged as a result of flooding
could cost a total of $1,403,570—replacement value. In addition, the City of Mineola
identified a commercial structure valued at $6,000 that is also in the floodplain.
The City of Winnsboro has approximately 12-15 residential structures within the
floodplain, including two (2) schools. These property values are not currently available.
The City of Alba does not have any structures within the floodplain.
The number of structures within the floodplain is unknown in Wood County, and the cities
of Hawkins, Quitman, and Yantis. Unfortunately, the Wood County Appraisal District
does not keep a database that can separate-out properties that are within the floodplain in
order to collect a list of flood-prone properties and their values.
As a part of this initiative to develop this plan, one of the main incentives to develop a GIS
for the County was to utilize aerial photos, overlayed by Flood Insurance Rate Maps to be
able to determine the number, address, and value of each property within the floodplain.
Unfortunately, there are too many trees blocking the view of the structures, especially
along tributaries. A more detailed study is needed in order to develop an estimate of
potential losses as a result of flooding. As a result, the County developed action items to
address this very issue in the future. Please see the following:
Flood-Specific #2
Take steps to improve the long-range management and use of flood-prone areas by using
multi-objective approaches.
Implementation:
Continue efforts to identify flood-prone properties and the property’s
appraised value
Analyze each repetitive flood property within the County/City and identify feasible
mitigation options.
Take action to flood-proof public buildings, where appropriate
Encourage development of acquisition and management strategies to preserve
open space for flood mitigation and water quality in the floodplain.
Seek funding to purchase existing open space in the floodplain for use as parkland
or open space to avoid future flooding problems as a result of development
Continue studies to determine alternative drainage paths
Continue efforts to develop or enhance data and mapping for floodplain information
within the County/City, as needed.
Continue efforts to maintain and clear debris and vegetation from the channels
117
Analyzing Development Trends
Wood County
Wood County has grown slightly in population in the last 10 years, for according to the
1990 Census, 29,380 people inhabited the County, but as of the 2000 Census, 36,752
inhabit the County. This increase in population lends itself favorably towards new
development.
Wood County, as a County, has limited land use control, for the State of Texas’ law is setup in a manner that does not give counties the power to utilize zoning as a planning tool.
City of Alba
The City of Alba does not have a zoning ordinance, a comprehensive plan, nor a capital
improvements program. There are currently no mitigation projects being implemented at
this time other than the development of this plan. This Plan will be used as a tool in
implementing hazard mitigation measures.
The City of Alba is small and has not grown in years. In fact, the City of Alba has
decreased in population in the last 10 years, for according to the 1990 Census, 489
people inhabited the City, but as of the 2000 Census, 459 inhabit the City. This decrease
in population does not lend itself favorably towards new development.
There is not development pressure within or along the floodplain, and there are no land
uses that are contributing to or enhancing the hazard.
City of Hawkins
The City of Hawkins has grown slightly in population in the last 10 years, for according to
the 1990 Census, 1,309 people inhabited the City, but as of the 2000 Census, 1,319
inhabit the City. This slight increase in population lends itself favorably towards new
development.
City of Mineola
The City of Mineola uses zoning as a means of regulating local land use to promote
quality development to ensure the health, safety, and welfare of the public. The City also
has floodplain regulations to ensure that restrictions are placed on new development
within the floodplain in order to avoid compounding the flooding issues.
The City of Mineola has a comprehensive plan from 1976. As a part of the Capital
Improvements Program, the City is currently updating its Comprehensive Plan this year.
(2004).
118
The City of Mineola has grown slightly in population in the last 10 years, for according to
inhabit the City. This increase in population lends itself favorably towards new
development. The majority of Mineola’s growth has been occurring to the North of 37/69
intersection. Although there has not been any planned development within the floodplain,
business development to the North (additional concrete) has been contributing to
additional storm water run-off, resulting in an increased street/property flooding potential.
The City of Mineola has taken steps to improve street drainage, for it has reduced the
number of beaver dams, increased maintenance of storm drains, and has made street
and public safety improvements.
City of Quitman
The City of Quitman has grown slightly in population in the last 10 years, for according to
inhabit the City. This increase in population lends itself favorably towards new
development.
City of Winnsboro
The City of Winnsboro uses zoning and floodplain regulations as a means of regulating
local land use to promote quality development to ensure the health, safety, and welfare of
the public. The City of Winnsboro does not have a comprehensive plan nor a capital
improvements program. There are currently no mitigation projects being implemented at
this time. This Plan will be used as a tool in implementing hazard mitigation measures in
the future.
The City of Winnsboro has grown in population in the last 10 years, for according to the
1990 Census, 2,904 people inhabited the City, but as of the 2000 Census, 3,689 inhabit
the City. This increase in population lends itself favorably towards new development.
Winnsboro is currently growing to the West and to the South. The City is concerned
about a proposed school development within the floodplain, but unfortunately, the City
has no power to prevent this from occurring. In addition this same area has a few
residential properties that are within the floodplain. Further analysis is needed in order to
determine the exact number of properties within this area.
City of Yantis
The City of Yantis has grown slightly in population in the last 10 years, for according to
the 1990 Census, 210 people inhabited the City, but as of the 2000 Census, 344 inhabit
the City. This increase in population lends itself favorably towards new development.
119
Hazard Mitigation Goals
Requirement: The hazard mitigation strategy shall include a description of mitigation
goals to reduce or avoid long-term vulnerabilities to the identified hazards.
The Wood County Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee profiled each hazard,
developed the risk assessment and then developed goals that would have the greatest
benefit in reducing hazard impacts to the County. The brainstorming and profiling of
hazards gave the Committee a base of information to build each goal and strategy from.
The County also used the “Clackamas County Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan,” as a
guide to assist in formulating several goals, but tailored them to the County’s needs.
Again, the purpose of hazard mitigation is to reduce property damage and risks to human
life prior to the hazard event. Several of the goals listed are goals relating to the primary
hazard event. In addition, the Committee addressed issues that are sometimes referred
to as “cascading potential,” meaning, hazards as a result of a hazard, or secondary
hazards. . Because of the relative low priority given to Earthquake Hazards, no mitigation
goals or strategies are given for this specific hazard. When the plan is updated,
consideration should be given to potential earthquake hazards should the hazard priority
rise.
What are the Plan Goals?
The Plan goals describe the overall direction that the County, each City, community
organizations, businesses, and citizens can take to work toward mitigating risks that
derive from natural and man-made hazards.
The following categories are being used for each goal in order to assist in the process to
monitor implementation progress.
Protect Life and Property
Public Awareness
Natural Systems
Partnerships and Implementation
Emergency Services
Protect Life and Property
Implement activities that assist in protecting lives by making homes, businesses,
infrastructure, critical facilities, and other property more resistant to losses from hazards
Improve data collection and hazard assessments in order to make improvements to
regulatory measures regarding new development, and to further identify and retro-fit
existing structures to reduce repetitive damage.
Reduce localized annual flooding by improving drainage.
120
Maintain public health to attempt to safeguard against direct acts of terrorism, natural or
man-made disasters, or infected animals.
Make improvements to critical facilities and other property that would be affected from
electrical power outages as a result of ice storms.
Public Awareness
Implement public outreach and education programs to increase public awareness of the
risks associated with natural hazards.
Provide information on resources and funding sources to assist in implementing mitigation
activities
Natural Systems
Take advantage of opportunities to improve long-range management and use of flood
prone areas by using multi-objective approaches. For example, to preserve open space
or create parkland by applying for funding to acquire land in the floodplain, while at the
same time accomplishing the goal to ensure that development occurs outside the
floodplain.
Increase ability to reduce the number and severity of wild land fires.
Partnerships and Implementation
Strengthen communication and coordinate participation among and within business
owners, citizens, community organizations, and public agencies to gain a vested interest
in implementing mitigation measures.
Organize public and private partnerships to assist with the implementation of specific
mitigation action items.
Emergency Services
Strengthen emergency operations by increasing collaboration and coordination with State
and Federal programs in order to receive funds for further training, communication
improvements, equipment and mapping improvements.
Coordinate and integrate mitigation activities, where appropriate, with emergency
operation plans and procedures.
Again the Hazard Mitigation Committee identified all goals and action items through a
planning process. Please see the Documentation of Planning Process Section of this
Plan for more details.
121
Relationship to the State Hazard Mitigation Plan
The State of Texas has developed the following goals:
Reduce or eliminate hazardous conditions that cause loss of life
Reduce or eliminate hazardous conditions, which inflict injuries
Reduce or eliminate hazardous conditions, which cause property damage; and
Reduce or eliminate hazardous conditions, which degrade important natural
resources.
Wood County’s goals parallel with State mitigation goals. For Wood County’s “Protect
Life and Property,” “Public Awareness,” “Partnership & Implementation,” and “Emergency
Services” goals address the first three State goals as listed above. Wood County’s
“Natural Systems” goal addresses the State’s goal to reduce or eliminate hazardous
conditions, which degrade important natural resources.
Relationship to the National Flood Insurance Program
Wood County’s Action Plan also coincides with the objectives of the National Flood
Insurance Program, for the program’s purpose is to enable property owners in
participating communities to purchase insurance protection against losses from flooding.
This insurance is designed to provide an insurance alternative to disaster assistance to
meet the escalating costs of repairing damage to buildings and their contents caused by
floods. Participation in the NFIP is based on an agreement between local communities
and the Federal Government that states if a community will adopt and enforce a
floodplain management ordinance to reduce future flood risks to new construction in
Special Flood Hazard Areas, the Federal Government will make flood insurance available
within the community as a financial protection against flood losses.
Wood County and the cities of Mineola, Winnsboro, and Yantis are participants of the
National Flood Insurance Program; however, the cities of Alba, Hawkins, and Quitman do
not currently participate. As a part of the Wood County Plan, the Committee incorporated
an action item to encourage non-participants of the National Flood Insurance Program to
become a participant—See Flood Hazard #3. (Alba, Hawkins, and Quitman are not
currently participants of the National Flood Insurance Program.)
The following action items are structured to achieve the common goal of the National
Flood Insurance Program:
Flood-Specific #3
Develop or enhance zoning ordinances, subdivision regulations, or other measures that
regulate development in identified flood-hazard areas, as appropriate
122
Implementation:
Encourage cities that are not participants of the National Flood Insurance Program
to become a participant.
Adopt measures to control runoff from developing areas outside the floodplain.
Recommend revisions to requirements for development within the floodplain,
where appropriate.
Flood-Specific #4
Participate in floodplain management and mitigation initiatives
Implementation:
Determine whether the Community Rating System is an appropriate option for the
County/City in order to receive a reduction of floodplain insurance premiums for
actions taken to reduce flood losses.
Community Overview
Community:
County:
WOOD COUNTY*
State:
TEXAS
WOOD COUNTY
CID:
481055
Program:
Regular
Emergency Entry:
Status:
PARTICIPATING
Current Map:
08/01/2008
FIRM Status:
FHBM Status:
02/21/2001
08/01/2008
Status Effective:
02/21/2001
Level of Regs:
ALL ZONE A, C AND X - ORIGINAL FIRM BY
LETTER
Initial FIRM:
08/01/2008
SUPERCEDED BY FIRM
Initial FHBM:
05/31/1977
Probation Status:
Study Underway:
Regular Entry:
NO
Probation Effective:
Probation Ended:
Suspension Effective:
Withdrawal Effective:
CRS Class / Discount:
Policies in Force:
Effective Date:
Insurance in Force:
$771,600.00
Workshop Date:
No. of Paid Losses:
0
GTA Date:
Total Losses Paid:
CAV Date:
CAC Date:
05/27/2003
[ ]Tribal Community
Sub. Damage Claims Since 1978:
[ ]Upton Jones Claims
[ ]HMGP Projects
[ ]ICC Claims
[ ]FMA Projects
19
$0.00
0
123
Timeframe of Action Items
The purpose of these proposed action items is to achieve the goals set forth in the
previous chapter. Each action item has a timeframe in which to implement depending on
available funds. Short term activities are activities that the coordinating organization
could implement with existing resources and authorities within one to five years. Long
term activities may require additional resources and authorities, and may take between
one and ten years to implement.
Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) estimates and totals up the equivalent money value of the
benefits and costs to the community of projects to establish whether they are worthwhile.
These projects may be dams and highways or can be training programs and health care
systems. Cost-benefit analysis is a term that refers both to:
•
a formal discipline used to help appraise, or assess, the case for a project or
proposal, which itself is a process known as project appraisal; and
•
an informal approach to making decisions of any kind.
In this case an informal approach was taken, rather than a formal approach, as part of the
cost-benefit analysis, given the limited resources available to the Committee. A costbenefit review comparing the mitigation strategy effectiveness and benefits to the cost,
both short term and long term, was a primary component in the prioritization process.
The goal of this was to develop the most inexpensive yet necessary items first and thus
mitigate the most easily preventable, dangerous and expensive damages from natural
hazards in the most cost effective manner possible. It is anticipated that, as per FEMA
direction, complete cost-benefit analyses will be completed prior to the application for predisaster mitigation funds for each hazard mitigation action item.
The individual jurisdictions included in this plan have many similar characteristics, both
geographically and socially. Therefore, many of the action items in the plan are suitable to
many, if not all, of the jurisdictions, including the county. Action items are not intended to
be blanket applied to all jurisdictions and those responsible for implementation need to
closely review the action items to ensure a seamless implementation.
While each jurisdiction has a specific action item to implement, the Hazard Mitigation
Committee unanimously chose to prioritize action items at the county level rather than at
the city level.
Timeframes are defined as short term (1-5 years) and long term (1-10 years).
Project Cost Estimates
Detailed cost estimates will be developed by the formal Hazard Mitigation Committee or
by an engineering and consulting firm for each project prior to implementation.
These estimates are not available at this time, so the Committee created an action item to
address this issue—See Multi-Hazard Action Item #2
124
Multi-Hazard #2
Continue efforts to research data useful to the hazard mitigation planning process, plan
for future growth, implement measures effectively, and integrate hazard mitigation goals
and activities into the fabric of existing regulatory measures.
Seek funding to continue efforts to collect data of historical damage reports
and to develop estimated costs of potential projects.
Develop cost estimates for each potential project, especially projects that
could be funded through grant programs
125
Multi-Hazard Mitigation Action Items
Long-Term
Improve ability to warn citizens prior to, during or after
Multi-Hazard
hazard events.
#1
Continue efforts to research data useful to the hazard
Long Term
mitigation planning process, plan for future growth,
Multi-Hazard
implement measures effectively, and integrate hazard
#2
mitigation goals and activities into the fabric of existing
regulatory measures.
Develop public and private partnerships with necessary
Short-Term
community groups to lessen the cascading potential or
Multi-Hazard
risks of additional hazards being created that could have
#3
been avoided through hazard mitigation and pre-planning
efforts.
Increase training opportunities for citizens in order to get
Short-Term
them involved with mitigation efforts.
Multi-Hazard
#4
Long-Term
Multi-Hazard
#5
Construct new or retro-fit existing structures to meet the
mitigation needs of the County/City.
County/City; Hazard
Mitigation Committee
Short term
Pg
132
X
County/City, Hazard
Mitigation Committee,
Emergency Services
Long term
Pg
132
X
Hazard
Mitigation
Committee, County
/City,
Local
Fuel
Suppliers,
Community Leaders
Hazard
Mitigation
Committee,
Health
Department, School
System
County/City
Short term
Pg
134
X
Long term
Pg
134
Long term
Pg
135
X
X
X
127
Emergency
Services
Partnerships &
Implementation
Natural Systems
Public Awareness
Protect Life and
Property
Implementation
Timeline
Goals
Coordinating
Organization
Natural
Hazard
Thunderstorm / Lightning / Hail Mitigation Action Items
Continue efforts to reduce the affects or severity of
Long-Term
impact from a thunderstorm event by ensuring adequate
Thunderstorm /
resources, planning and public awareness.
#1
Long-Term
Thunderstorm /
Hail Storms #2
Long-Term
Thunderstorm /
Lightning #3
Provide community outreach and education to individuals
and businesses concerning actions for homes and
businesses to take in preparation for hailstorms.
Provide community outreach and education to promote
awareness of lightning dangers associated with
thunderstorm activities and encourage actions to prevent
loss of life and property during storms.
Tornado Mitigation Action Items
Long-Term
Take measures to harden structures to protect the
Tornado
structure, its contents, and to provide a safe place for
#1
humans during an event
Long-Term
Continue to improve planning efforts related to tornado
Partnerships &
Implementation
Emergency Services
Natural Systems
X
County/City,
Emergency
Services, & Health
Department
Hazard
Mitigation
Committee,
Emergency
Services,
County/City
Short
term
Pg
135
Long term
Pg
136
County/City, Hazard
Mitigation
Committee,
Utility
Companies
County/City, Hazard
Mitigation
Committee,
Utility
Companies,
County/City, Hazard
Long term
Pg
137
X
X
X
X
Long term
Pg
137
X
X
X
X
Long term
Pg
138
X
X
X
X
County/City,
Local
Business
Owners,
Residents
County/City, Hazard
Long term
Pg
139
X
Long term
Pg
X
Protect
Property
Life
Implementation
Long-Term
Multi-Hazard
#7
Improve self-sufficiency or survivability during the first few
hours after the event to decrease cascading potential for
risks—risks that are apt to occur prior to the Red Cross
coming on-board.
Develop, enhance and implement education programs
aimed at mitigating natural hazards, and reducing the risks
to citizens, public infrastructure, private property owners,
businesses and schools.
X
Timeline
Long-Term
Multi-Hazard
#6
Public Awareness
and
Goals
Coordinating
Organization
Natural
Hazard
X
X
X
128
Mitigation
Committee,
Emergency
Management
Coordinator, Health
Department
Wildfire Mitigation Action Items
Long-Term
Enhance emergency services to increase the efficiency of
Wildfire
wildfire response and recovery activities to reduce the
#1
number and severity of wild land fires
Long-Term
Implement measures to reduce the potential magnitude of
Wildfire
a fire event
#2
Implement GIS Mapping system to identify areas at risk
Short-Term
for wildfires and to track future wildfire occurrences
Wildfire
#3
Drought Mitigation Action Items
Short-Term
Decrease the magnitude of the event where possible via
Drought
the general public.
#1
Short-Term
Improve economic stability for farmers during a drought by
Drought
encouraging Crop Insurance.
#2
Flood Specific Mitigation Action Items
Long-Term
Ensure that critical facilities have the ability to remain fully
Flood Specific operable during flood events
#1
Long-Term
Take steps to improve the long-range management and
Flood Specific use of flood-prone areas by using multi-objective
#2
approaches.
Fire
Departments,
Texas
Forestry
Service
Fire
Department,
Community
Organizations
Wood
County
Emergency
Management Texas
Forestry Service
Long term
Pg
141
Long term
Pg
141
X
X
X
Short
Term
Pg
1142
X
X
X
County/City, Hazard
Short
term
Pg
142
County,
Hazard
Short
Term
Pg
143
County/City
Short
term
Pg
143
X
County/City, Texas
Parks and Wildlife
Long term
Pg
143
X
Emergency
Services
Partnerships &
Implementation
Public
A
Natural Systems
Protect Life and
Property
Goals
Implementation
139
Timeline
Natural
Hazard
events
Coordinating
Organization
Tornado
#2
X
X
X
X
X
X
129
Participate in floodplain management and mitigation
initiatives
Short-Term
Flood Specific
#5
Pg
145
Develop public information programs to create a greater
awareness of the flood-hazard and to help the citizens take
the flood risk into account in making decisions about future
development
County/City, Hazard
Short
term
Pg
145
Long-Term
Flood Specific
#6
Develop a GIS Mapping System which will assist in
identifying areas which are susceptible to flash flooding
and major flooding.
County/City, Hazard
Mitigation
Committee,
Emergency
Management
Coordinator,
Long
Term
Pg
145
Natural
Hazard
Goals
Severe Winter Storm / Ice Storm Mitigation
Long-Term
Continue efforts to reduce the magnitude of a severe
Severe Winter winter storm / ice storm event by ensuring adequate
Storm/ Ice
resources, planning, and public awareness.
Storm
#1
Hazardous Materials Mitigation
Continue efforts to collect data pertaining to hazardous
Long-Term
materials within the County/City and make improvements,
Hazardous
as appropriate
Materials
#1
X
X
X
County/City, Hazard
Long term
Pg
146
County/City,
Emergency
Management
Coordinator
Long term
Pg
147
X
X
X
X
Implementation
Short
term
Timeline
Hazard
Mitigation
Committee
Coordinating
Organization
Pg
144
Emergency
Services
Short-Term
Flood Specific
#4
Long term
Partnerships &
Implementation
County / City
Public
A
Natural Systems
Review the need to develop or enhance zoning
ordinances, subdivision regulations, or other measures
that regulate development in identified flood-hazard areas
Protect Life and
Property
Long-Term
Flood Specific
#3
X
X
130
Disease Related Mitigation
Short-Term
Improve community outreach and education with an
Disease
emphasis on elderly, lower income families about vaccines
Specific
and treatment such as flu vaccines, pneumonia vaccines,
#1
as well as, other contagious diseases.
Long-Term
Continue to be proactive in collecting data and reporting to
Disease
all healthcare entities in the community on infectious
Specific
diseases that affect the community.
#2
Long-Term
Reduce risks to citizens, specifically those with special
Disease
needs
Specific
#3
Long-Term
Ensure that medical facilities are adequately stocked with
Disease
specific medical supplies and equipment should specific
Specific
hazard events occur.
#4
County/City
Health Department
Long term
Pg
147
Wood
Healthcare
Community
Long term
Pg
148
X
Health Department,
County/City, Health
Community
Short
term
Pg
148
X
Health Department
Short
term
Pg
149
County
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Dam Failure Mitigation
Dam Failure
Specific
#1
Reduce risks to citizens from dam breach and subsequent
flooding.
Sabine River
Authority, Cities,
County
Long
Term
Pg
149
X
X
131
IMPLEMENTATION OF GOALS
The following hazard mitigation action items are provided to help the jurisdictions implement
various goals related to the identified hazards. Not all of the action items will be
implemented due to cost and other considerations. Priorities are established based on costbenefit analysis, feasibility and ease of implementation. Included for each action item are the
implementation strategies, coordinating organization and completion time frame.
Multi Hazard
Multi-Hazard action items are those activities that pertain to several hazards in the mitigation
plan.
Multi-Hazard #1
Improve ability to warn citizens prior to, during or after hazard events.
Action Items:
Install new and/or upgraded adequate outdoor early storm warning notification systems
to cover the majority of the incorporated municipalities, as appropriate.
Improve communications specifically to travelers to provide early warning regarding
accidents, weather conditions, and road closures to reduce risks that could be avoided
via hazard mitigation.
Develop a system for identifying special needs individuals throughout city, and develop
ways to notify these individuals in time of emergency, as well as, provide emergency
transportation.
Evaluate whether Reverse 911 calling would be a cost effective means of expanding
early warning capabilities, especially for chemical spill events, communicable disease
situations and industrial accidents.
Coordinating Organization: Wood County, City of Alba, City of Hawkins, City of Mineola, City of
Quitman, City of Winnsboro, City of Yantis, Hazard Mitigation Committee
Timeline: Short term
Plan Goals Addresses: Protect Life and Property
Potential Funding Sources:
FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP), FEMA Predisaster Mitigation Program (PDM), Local jurisdiction
contribution (non-federal), private contributions.
Multi-Hazard #2
Continue efforts to research data useful to the hazard mitigation planning process, plan for
future growth, implement measures effectively, and integrate hazard mitigation goals and
activities into the fabric of existing regulatory measures.
132
Action Items:
Determine how to integrate the goals and action items in the Hazard Mitigation Plan into
existing regulatory documents and programs, where appropriate
Identify and pursue funding opportunities to develop and implement local mitigation activities
Establish a formal role for the Hazard Mitigation Committee to develop a process to
implement & monitor mitigation activities and to update the Hazard Mitigation Plan.
Continue efforts to collect data regarding estimated costs of past and potential structural
damage and prioritize mitigation projects
Review building codes and determine if they are adequate to resist or reduce damage from
all hazard types in each incorporated jurisdiction.
Continue mapping/GIS development to enhance the County and each City’s ability to
analyze hazard mitigation needs.
Every five years re-evaluate whether there is a need to increase the number of shelters or
shelter capacity, based on population growth.
Strengthen emergency services preparedness and response by linking emergency services
with hazard mitigation efforts
Quitman, City of Winnsboro, City of Yantis, Hazard Mitigation
Committee, Emergency Services
Timeline: Long Term
Plan Goals Addresses: Partnership & Implementation
Potential Funding Sources: FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP), FEMA Predisaster Mitigation Program (PDM), Local jurisdiction contribution
(non-federal), private contributions.
133
Multi-Hazard Goal #3
Develop public and private partnerships with necessary community groups to lessen the
cascading potential or risks of additional hazards being created that could have been avoided
through hazard mitigation and pre-planning efforts.
Action Items:
Continue efforts to develop a Memorandum of Understanding between the cities and the
fuel suppliers to use as back-up fuel suppliers to obtain additional diesel for the
generators during extended periods of time, in which the back-up supply is not ample.
Review and update Memorandum of Understandings with grocery stores to provide food
for those in the shelters for the first couple of days until the Red Cross steps in.
Determine alternative organizations that will accept donations of excessive amounts of
perishable food items, and designate a facility, in which the items can be unloaded and
stored
Partner with utility companies to encourage the implementation of mitigation measures,
such as tree trimming around power lines
Improve communication among emergency personnel, city-to-city, and county-to-city
Quitman, City of Winnsboro, City of Yantis, Hazard Mitigation Committee, Local
Fuel Suppliers, Community Leaders
Timeline: Long Term
Multi-Hazard #4
Increase training opportunities for citizens in order to get them involved with mitigation efforts.
Action Items:
Increase training opportunities for drivers in order to have an adequate number of qualified
drivers to respond during or after a hazard event for mass transit needs.
Encourage citizens to obtain training for and volunteer for Disease-related initiatives.
Encourage citizens to participate in the Community Emergency Response Team Program
(CERT) and host CERT training courses in order to ensure that an adequate support team is
available to meet the demands of the hazard and to reduce health risks associated with
emergency response crews such as heat exhaustion or other health-related risks. This
program teaches greater self-sufficiency.
134
Quitman, City of Winnsboro, City of Yantis, Hazard Mitigation Committee,
Health Department, School System
Timeline: Long Term
Plan Goals Addresses: Public Awareness, Partnership & Implementation
Multi-Hazard #5
Construct new or retro-fit existing structures to meet the mitigation needs of the County and
each participating jurisdiction.
Action Items:
Retrofit and/or harden public structures and infrastructure to reduce damage that would
occur as a result of a hazard event.
Make improvements to the shelters
o Implement ADA design standards to existing structures that could be turned into a
Red-Cross-Approved shelter in order to serve the entire community and to comply
with regulations.
o Maintain and identify available shelters to increase the number of shelters and
capacity.
o Improve ability to evacuate and direct citizens to shelter facilities, when appropriate.
Quitman, City of Winnsboro, City of Yantis
Timeline: Long term
Multi-Hazard #6
Improve self-sufficiency or survivability during the first few hours after the event to decrease
cascading potential for risks—risks that are apt to occur prior to Red Cross coming on-board.
Action Items:
Increase capability to clear roads in the first 12-48 hours following the hazard event to avoid
unnecessary emergency response delays, to improve access to homes, and to avoid other
cascading potential hazards.
Purchase chainsaws and truck attachments
Install adequate generators to critical facilities
135
Ensure emergency communication abilities with an adequate number of emergency
electrical generators (Including the Fire and Police Departments specifically)
Encourage medical facilities and/or nursing homes to evaluate whether additional
generators are necessary
Quitman, City of Winnsboro, City of Yantis, Emergency Services, Health Department
Plan Goals Addresses: Protect Life and Property, Partnership & Implementation, Emergency
Services
Multi-Hazard #7
Develop, enhance and implement education programs aimed at mitigating natural hazards, and
reducing the risks to citizens, public infrastructure, private property owners, businesses and
schools.
Action Items:
Distribute public awareness information to citizens and business owners regarding:
o What to do and what not to do before, during and after the event to avoid cascading
potential hazards – Specific examples:
- Ways to retro-fit property or to harden the facility to decrease damage to
structures and contents.
- Options or instructions regarding how to handle extended periods of power
outages,
- Distribute contact information regarding whom to contact for specific hazard
situations
- Tips regarding how to prepare property prior to the event, including at home tree
maintenance, emergency kits, etc.
- Safety precautions regarding live wires
o What funding programs are available to individuals to retrofit their personal property.
o What the warning siren’s tones mean
Develop ways to improve communication to non-English speaking population.
Improve communication among all Emergency Response teams.
Improve the line of communications between the Command Center, the Emergency
Management Coordinator, and the shelters
Quitman, City of Winnsboro, City of Yantis, Hazard Mitigation Committee, Emergency Services
Timeline: Long Term
136
Plan Goals Addresses: Emergency Services
Thunderstorm / Lightning / Hail
Thunderstorm / Windstorm #1
Continue efforts to reduce the affects or severity of impact from a thunderstorm / lightning/ hail
event by ensuring adequate resources, planning, and public awareness.
Action Items:
Enhance strategies for debris management by establishing specific locations throughout the
county and city which can house debris until it can be deposed of properly.
Map and publicize locations around the County that have the highest incidence of extreme
thunderstorm and windstorm events.
Encourage electrical utilities to use underground construction methods where possible to
reduce power outages from thunderstorms and windstorms.
Increase public awareness of thunderstorm and windstorm mitigation activities, such as to
secure loose objects, trimming tree limbs near power lines, etc.
Review and determine if more restrictive wind resistant building site and construction codes
need to be implemented and enforced.
Obtain a current inventory of all buildings and their wind ratings, and recommend any
necessary modifications.
Evaluate the need for early storm warning notification systems for those communities that
currently have none or need upgrades.
Quitman, City of Winnsboro, City of Yantis, Hazard Mitigation Committee, Utility Companies
Timeline: Long Term
Plan Goals Addresses:
Protect Life and Property, Public Awareness, Partnership &
Implementation, Emergency Services
Thunderstorm / Hail Storm #2
Provide community outreach and education to individuals and businesses concerning actions
for homes and businesses to take in preparation for hail storms.
Action Items:
Hailstorms cannot be prevented, but the impact of these storms can be reduced.
Key to reducing the adverse impacts is preparation by individuals and building
with materials that will withstand hail storms. Citizens must be encouraged to
purchase storm windows and doors to protect private property and provide
adequate shelter within the home or business.
137
Produce pamphlets describing to the general public the actions necessary to
protect life and property prior to a hail storm. These actions would include
bringing property such as cars and pets into a sheltered area, seeking adequate
shelter if humans are outside, when a hailstorm is imminent.
Stress the importance of purchasing NOAA Weather Radios for homes and
businesses which automatically alerts the public when a watch or warning is
issued for an area.
Educate the public on strengthening roofs through the use of specific building
materials, such as concrete tiles, this can lessen the long-term damage from
hailstorms and protect private property.
Committee, Utility Companies
Timeline:
Long Term
Plan Goals Addressed:
Protect Life and Property, Public Awareness,
Partnership & Implementation, Emergency Services
Thunderstorm / Lightning #3
Provide community outreach and education to promote awareness of lightning dangers
associated with thunderstorm activities and encourage actions to prevent loss of life and
property during storms.
Action Items:
Stress the importance of NOAA Weather Radios that automatically alert the public when
a watch or warning is issued for an area as well as train people to serve as weather
spotters.
Encourage cities to pass ordinances requiring buried power lines. This offer the security
of uninterrupted power during and after storms. Utility companies should be encouraged
to bury lines where appropriate.
Public and private buildings should be designed with lightning rods, structural bracing,
shutters, laminated glass in window panes, and hail resistant roof shingles or flashing to
minimize damage.
Committee, Utility Companies
Timeline:
Long Term
Plan Goals Addressed:
Protect Life and Property, Public Awareness,
Partnership & Implementation, Emergency Services
138
Tornados
Texas is the number one ranking state in terms of the number of tornados and in terms of the
number of killer tornados. Texas is also ranked as number 10 in the United States in terms of
annual tornados per 10,000 square miles.
Communities can plan for future tornados through promoting sustainable construction and
tornado-resistant communities. Mitigation is achieved when a community actively seeks and
applies methods and approaches that lessen the degree of damage, injuries, and loss of life
that may be sustained from tornados.
Wood County is in an area that could experience 250 mph wind speeds, and also has 6-10
tornados per 1,000 square miles. So, according to the “Taking Shelter from the Storm: Building
a Safe Room Inside Your House,” Smith County is at high risk, which means that shelters
should be available for use during a tornado or high wind hazard event.
Tornado #1
Take measures to harden structures to protect the structure, its contents, and to provide a safe
place for humans during an event.
Action Items:
Retrofit or add shelters to existing facilities that offer inadequate protection
Incorporate the design of shelters in the construction of new critical facilities
Encourage the adoption of the most current edition of a model building codes and
engineering standards that provide greater protection against high winds.
Obtain a current inventory of all buildings and their wind ratings, and recommend any
necessary modifications.
Quitman, City of Winnsboro, City of Yantis, Hazard Mitigation Committee, local business
owners, residents
Timeline: Long Term
Tornado #2
Continue to improve planning efforts related to tornado events
139
Action Items:
Ensure that all public building have a designated “safe haven.”
Encourage critical facilities, such as schools and daycare centers, to determine the best
location for occupants during a storm, and provide directions to the designated “safe
haven.”
Continue efforts to keep up-to-date list of addresses of shelters, to assist non-local
emergency response agencies in checking after a tornado to see if people are trapped
inside.
Determine how to accommodate individuals with special needs before, during and after a
tornado event.
Quitman, City of Winnsboro, City of Yantis, Hazard Mitigation Committee, Emergency
Management Coordinator, Health Department
Timeline: Long Term
Plan Goals Addresses: Protect Life and Property and Emergency Services
Wildfire Operations
Large wildland/urban interface fires, by their size, location, and risks, frequently require the
coordinated efforts of fire fighting agencies with differing missions, training, and equipment.
This difference in missions works well when the wildland vegetation is remote from the
structures of suburbs and cities. The fire suppression situation becomes complicated when the
wildland vegetation mixes with people and their homes and other structures.
According to materials published and distributed by www.firewise.org, fire seasons vary
throughout the United States, yet particular sets of conditions could exist at anytime that would
make any City/County at risk for both structural and wildland fire hazards.
How do you mitigate against wildfires? Fire Protection is the key to mitigation, for its definition
is “Actions taken to limit the adverse environmental, social, political, and economic effects of
fire.”
Wildfire
According to the Texas Forest Service, Wood County is listed as having a high risk of Texas
Urban Wildland Interface Counties.
140
Wildfire #1
Enhance emergency services to increase the efficiency of wildfire response and recovery
activities to reduce the number and severity of wild land fires.
Action Items:
Enhance response capabilities of local fire departments by increasing training and
upgrading equipment. (Evaluate whether additional resources are needed for particular
types of fires, structural, forestry, grass fires, petroleum, etc.)
Increase training opportunities, dispatching capabilities, communication capabilities, and
necessary equipment in order to reduce damage that could occur as a result of
inadequate resources.
Inform emergency response teams about potential funding sources for implementation
purposes.
Utilize resources of the Texas Forest Service for fire prevention and suppression.
Continue efforts to develop maps to assist emergency services during response
Quitman, City of Winnsboro, City of Yantis, Hazard Mitigation Committee, Fire Departments,
Texas Department of Public Safety, Texas Forestry Service
Timeline: Long Term
Plan Goals Addresses: Emergency Services
Wildfire #2
Implement measures to reduce the potential magnitude of a fire event
Action Items:
Continue efforts to reduce fire fuel load on developed and undeveloped lots by
removing debris
Continue efforts to install generators to critical facilities to ensure that the County/City
has a continuous, obtainable water supply.
Enhance outreach and education programs for rural fire prevention, especially in
areas of urban-wild land interface.
Identify alternative methods of water supply
Enforce burn bans
Establish county codes and enforcement of codes
Quitman, City of Winnsboro, City of Yantis, Hazard Mitigation Committee, Fire Department,
Community Organizations, Texas Forestry Service
Timeline: Long Term
Plan Goals Addresses: Protect Life and Property, Public Awareness, Natural Systems
141
Wildfire #3
Implement GIS Mapping system to identify areas at risk for wildfires and to track future wildfire
occurrences
Action Items:
Develop a GIS mapping system which identifies areas throughout the County that contain
vegetative coverage which may be vulnerable to wildfires.
Add capability to the GIS mapping system for vulnerable wildfire areas which will allow for data
collection document locations of wildfires throughout the County.
Coordinating Organization: Wood County, Hazard Mitigation Committee, Community
Organizations, Texas Forestry Service
Timeline: Short Term
Plan Goals Addresses: Protect Life and Property, Public Awareness, Natural Systems
Drought
Droughts occur when a long period passes without any substantial rainfall and the water table
has not risen back to its standard level.
Drought #1
Decrease the magnitude of the event where possible via the general public.
Action Items:
Distribute public awareness information regarding droughts to encourage citizens to
lower their water use during drought periods.
Plan Goals Addresses: Public Awareness
Resources: Federal Emergency Management Agency website contains fact sheets that provide
helpful information.
142
Drought #2
Preserve economic stability for farmers during a drought by encouraging them to purchase crop
insurance.
Action Items:
Distribute public awareness information regarding crop insurance which includes
importance of insurance and how to go about purchasing insurance.
Coordinating Organization: Wood County, Hazard Mitigation Committee
Plan Goals Addresses: Public Awareness, Protect Life and Property
FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP), FEMA Predisaster Mitigation Program (PDM), County contribution (nonfederal), private contributions.
Flooding
Reduce property damage that occurs as a result from flood events
Flood-Specific #1
Ensure that critical facilities have the ability to remain fully operable during flood events
Action Items:
Develop and implement mitigation measures to reduce flood damage to the Wastewater
Treatment Plants (WWTP) and take measures to ensure continued functionality during
flood events, where appropriate.
Evaluate the location of existing lift stations to determine if mitigation measures to a
higher elevation in order to prevent storm water runoff from overflowing the WWTP,
where appropriate.
Flood-Specific #2
Take steps to improve the long-range management and use of flood-prone areas by using
multi-objective approaches.
Action Items:
Conduct hydrology studies and surveys of flood-prone areas and identify feasible
mitigation options.
Take action to flood-proof public buildings, where appropriate
143
Encourage development of acquisition and management strategies to preserve open
space for flood mitigation and water quality in the floodplain.
Seek funding to purchase existing open space in the floodplain for use as parkland or
open space to avoid future flooding problems as a result of development
Improve current drainage infrastructure
Obtain assistance from Texas D.O.T.
Form inter-local agreements to ensure that the County and Cities work together
Continue efforts to develop or enhance data and mapping for floodplain information
within the County/City, as needed.
Improve maintenance of storm gutters and storm sewers
Continue efforts to maintain and clear debris and vegetation from the channels
Utilize civic organizations, neighborhood community service groups, and/or community
service offenders to work in drainage projects.
Acquire properties that have been damaged during recent, severe floods.
Make improvements to bridges so that its construction standards are high enough to
avoid future repetitive damage
Encourage jurisdictions that are not a participant in the National Flood Insurance
Program to become a participant so that citizens can purchase flood insurance.
Quitman, City of Winnsboro, City of Yantis, Texas Parks and Wildlife
Timeline: Long term
Plan Goals Addresses: Protect Life and Property, Natural Systems
Flood-Specific #3
Review the need to develop or enhance zoning ordinances, subdivision regulations, or other
measures that regulate development in identified flood-hazard areas
Action Items:
Develop and/or obtain data necessary to develop floodplain regulations
Adopt measures to control runoff from developing areas outside the floodplain
o Incorporate “No Adverse Impact” methods to community activities, where
appropriate.
o Recommend revisions to requirements for development within the
floodplain, where appropriate.
Timeline: Long term
144
Flood-Specific #4
Participate in floodplain management and mitigation initiatives
Action Items:
Determine whether the Community Rating System is an appropriate option for the
County/City in order to receive a reduction of floodplain insurance premiums for actions
taken to reduce flood losses.
Flood-Specific #5
Develop public information programs to create a greater awareness of the flood-hazard and to
help the citizens take the flood risk into account in making decisions about future development
Action Items:
Provide education for property owners on how to maintain property to reduce flooding and
soil erosion problems.
Timeline: Long Term
Flood-Specific #6
Develop a GIS Mapping System which will assist in identifying areas which are susceptible to
flash flooding and major flooding.
Action Items:
Conduct hydrology studies and surveys of flood-prone areas to assist with mapping frequently
flooded areas
Update FEMA maps to add as a GIS layer
145
In the development of this Plan, each participating City and the County answered a
questionnaire that asked how many structures are in the floodplain. According to the results of
the questionnaire, if any, structures and developments are located in low-lying areas in the 100year flood plain in the County, yet several country roads and lakefront properties are prone to
flooding.
One of the biggest challenges facing Wood County will be acquiring up-to-date floodplain maps.
Out-of-date floodplain maps may be the reason, why structures are prone to flooding, yet these
structures are not known to be within a flood zone. Since FEMA’s primary push behind hazard
mitigation legislation is to reduce damage as a result of flooding, Wood County Hazard
Mitigation Committee strongly feels that efforts should be made immediately to update these
maps. Unfortunately, this is a common problem with most of the counties in rural East Texas.
In order to accomplish this daunting task, it will take considerable funding. Hence, the
Committee recommends developing a cooperative effort with other East Texas counties,
perhaps through the East Texas Council of Government (ETCOG), to acquire funding for
accurate floodplain delineations in order to substantially reduce cost to all of the counties
involved.
Timeline: Long Term
Plan Goals Addresses: Public Awareness, Protect Life and Property,
FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP), Local
jurisdiction contribution (non-federal), private contributions.
Severe Winter Storm / Ice Storm
Severe Winter Storm / Ice Storm #1
Continue efforts to reduce the magnitude of a severe winter storm / ice storm event by ensuring
adequate resources, planning, and public awareness.
Action Items:
Enhance strategies for debris management
Develop and implement programs to coordinate maintenance and mitigation activities to
reduce risk to public infrastructure
Increase public awareness of severe winter storm mitigation activities
Enhance weather monitoring to attain earlier severe storm warning
(See multi-hazard goals regarding generators, tree maintenance, partnering with utility
companies, etc.)
Timeline: Long Term
Plan Goals Addresses: Protect Life and Property, Public Awareness, Emergency Services
146
Hazardous Materials
Hazardous Materials #1
Continue efforts to collect data pertaining to the storage and transportation of hazardous
materials within the County/City and make improvements, as appropriate.
Action Items:
As development occurs, evaluate and implement more logical alternative hazardous
material (HAZMAT) routes, especially for areas, in which hazardous materials are
passing by high or critical populations.
Increase response capabilities by review HAZMAT evacuation plans and develop
mitigation measures to increase capabilities—possibly forming a HAZMAT team,
obtaining specialized training and equipment to meet HAZMAT needs.
Develop a plan to handle evacuated residents from surrounding areas
Continue efforts to collect information regarding the location of hazardous materials and
distribute information to emergency response crews.
Continue efforts to inventory facilities or sites that store hazardous materials and
incorporate this data into the GIS to improve the emergency response and evacuation
efforts should a hazard event occur
Timeline: Long term
Disease Specific
Disease-Specific #1
Improve community outreach and education with an emphasis on elderly, lower income families
and the homeless about vaccines and treatment such as flu vaccines, pneumonia vaccines, as
well as, other contagious diseases.
Action Items:
Take measures to reduce risks to humans and animals that occur as a result of hazard
events, by encouraging the Health Department to publicize Disease related issues
utilizing all means of media.
Increase ability to vaccinate and spay/neuter animals
Take measures to reduce fear associated with bio-terrorist threats by distributing
accurate, non-biased information.
147
Timeline: Long Term
Disease-Specific #2
Continue to be proactive in collecting data and reporting to all healthcare entities in the
community on infectious diseases that affect the community. The healthcare community must
work together to educate themselves on infectious and deadly diseases, how to recognize
them, ad how to treat them before they become widespread.
Action Items:
Create a County Emergency Action Plan for mass public vaccination.
Coordinating Organization: Wood County Healthcare Community
Timeline: Long Term
Plan Goals Addresses: Protect Life and Property, Partnership & Implementation
Disease-Specific #3
Reduce risks to citizens, specifically those with special needs
Action Items:
Continue to pursue state and federal funding for health department to treat citizens of the
community who may not have the opportunity to seek healthcare in a hospital due to
insurance restrictions.
Continue to identify individuals with special needs and publicize existing programs to
improve the County’s inventory of any medical needs that might need to be addressed prior
to, during, or after a hazard event, especially in the event of a power outage.
Request citizens with special needs to register through an ongoing program that will capture
information from new and existing residents.
Timeline: Long term
Plan Goals Addresses:
Protect Life and Property, Public Awareness, Partnership &
Implementation, Emergency Services
148
Disease-Specific #4
Ensure that medical facilities are adequately stocked with specific medical supplies and
equipment should specific hazard events occur.
Action Items:
Encourage hospitals to increase oxygen stock in order to have an adequate quantity to
refill tanks for citizens that are dependent on power to run breathing machines. (tank
capacity -- four hour limit)
Designate a climate-controlled area for Disease-related supplies.
Coordinating Organization: Wood County Health Department
Plan Goals Addresses: Partnership & Implementation, Emergency Services
Dam Failure-Specific #1
Reduce risks to citizens from dam breach and subsequent flooding.
Action Items:
Create a county wide mapping system that includes: Locate all dams on a map. Survey
areas located below these dams that contain homes or business that would be impacted
by a dam breach. Establish an inventory of these structures.
Work with land/property owners that would be impacted by a dam breach to inform them
of the risk of the hazard and options for prevention.
Quitman, City of Winnsboro, City of Yantis, Sabine River Authority
Timeline: Long Term
Plan Goals Addresses: Public Awareness, Protect Life and Property, Partnerships &
Implementation, Emergency Services.
149
Plan Maintenance
This section of the document details the formal process that will ensure that the Hazard
Mitigation Plan remains an active and a relevant document.
The plan maintenance process includes a schedule for monitoring and evaluating the Plan
annually and producing a plan revision every five years. This section also describes how the
County will integrate public participation throughout the plan maintenance process, and will also
describe how the County/City intends to incorporate the mitigation strategies into existing
mechanisms such as building codes, and zoning ordinances.
Plan Adoption
Wood County will be responsible for submitting the Plan to the Regional Liaison Officer (RLO)
with the Texas Department of Public Safety, Division of Emergency Management. After the
RLO’s review of the document, it will be submitted to the State Hazard Mitigation Officer at the
Texas Department of Public Safety, Division of Emergency Management, Mitigation Section in
Austin, Texas. After the State’s review, the State will be responsible for the Plan’s submission
to the Federal Emergency Management Agency for review. This review will address the federal
criteria outlined in FEMA Interim Final Rule 44 CFR Part 201. Upon acceptance by FEMA, the
Wood County Commissioners Court and each City Council will be responsible for adopting the
Hazard Mitigation Action Plan, for as a governing body, the Commissioners Court and each City
Council has the authority to promote sound public policy regarding hazards. Once the Plan is
accepted by FEMA and adopted by the County and each City, then the County/City will gain
eligibility for Hazard Mitigation Grant Program funds.
Formation of the Committee and Implementation of Action Items
The Wood County Hazard Mitigation Action Plan has a few recommendations through its goals
and strategies that should be incorporated into existing measures and programs. The following
goals and action items were specifically put in place for these purposes:
Initial priorities of this Hazard Mitigation Action Plan:
Multi-Hazard #2 states, “Continue efforts to research data useful to the hazard mitigation
planning process, plan for future growth, implement measures effectively, and integrate
hazard mitigation goals and activities into the fabric of existing regulatory measures.”
Under this goal, specific ideas of implementation have been listed as recommendations to
ensure that they are implemented.
150
First, the County will need to:
1. “Establish a formal Hazard Mitigation Committee to develop a process to
implement & monitor mitigation activities and to update the Hazard Mitigation
Plan.”
Responsibility for implementation of the plan:
The Hazard Mitigation Committee will be responsible for coordinating implementation of plan
action items and undertaking a formal review process. The County Commissioners Court will
ensure that the Committee consists of the Emergency Management Coordinator,
representatives from each jurisdiction, and members from local organizations, businesses, and
citizens. The Hazard Mitigation Committee will meet no less than quarterly. Meeting dates will
be scheduled once the final Committee has been established. The Commissioners Court will
appoint a chair of the Committee, which will be responsible for contacting Committee members
and organizing meetings. Plan implementation, monitoring, and updating will be a shared
responsibility among the Hazard Mitigation Committee Members and other responsible
parties as listed under each goal.
The following five action priorities were selected by the Committee for immediate
implementation based on ease of implementation, low relative cost, administrative
capabilities, hazard priority and the review of the costs versus the benefits. The cost has
yet to be determined with some projects. In those cases, we used ease of implementation,
administrative capabilities, hazard priority and the benefits of the project for prioritization
process.
The Committee identified several hazard mitigation actions to be included in the Hazard
Mitigation Plan. Table 3: Priority Actions lists actions by hazard. Table 4: Implementation
Strategy contains these actions, along with the responsible agency, the funding source,
and implementation timeframe (short term 1-5 years, long term 1-10 years.) The
Mitigation Planning Team prioritized the actions using the STAPLE+E criteria, a planning
tool used to evaluate alternative actions. The following table explains the STAPLE+E
criteria.
STAPLE+E
Criteria Explanation
S – Social
Mitigation actions are acceptable to the community if they do not
adversely affect a particular segment of the population, do not
cause relocation of lower income people, and if they are
compatible with the community’s social and cultural values.
T – Technical
Mitigation actions are technically most effective if they provide
long- term reduction of losses and have minimal secondary
adverse impacts.
A – Administrative
Mitigation actions are easier to implement if the jurisdiction has the
necessary staffing and funding.
P – Political
Mitigation actions can truly be successful if all stakeholders have
been offered an opportunity to participate in the planning process
and if there is public support for the action.
151
L – Legal
It is critical that the jurisdiction or implementing agency have the
legal authority to implement and enforce a mitigation action.
E – Economic
Budget constraints can significantly deter the implementation of
mitigation actions. Hence, it is important to evaluate whether an
action is cost-effective, as determined by a cost benefit review,
and possible to fund.
E – Environmental
Sustainable mitigation actions that do not have an adverse effect
on the environment, that comply with Federal, State, and local
environmental regulations, and that are consistent with the
community’s environmental goals, have mitigation benefits while
being environmentally sound.
Each committee member had an equal number of votes to use toward the actions that met the
criteria best, based on their knowledge and expertise. The mitigation actions with highest
priority were the most cost effective and most compatible with the communities’ social and
cultural values. The committee selected the Priority Actions for the initial implementation phase
of the plan based on the hazard priority ranking, ease of implementation and available funding.
The committee determined the review and updating of development codes and ordinances
could be performed by existing staff and in a relatively short time period. Because the
development codes affect nearly all of the residents in Wood County, the committee decided
that the following actions were the greatest “bang for the buck” and would have an immediate
impact.
Assignments of 2 Action Items per Jurisdiction WOOD COUNTY ASSIGMENTS Thunderstorm 1. Enhance strategies for debris management by establishing specific locations throughout the county and city which can house debris until it can be deposed of properly. (Short Term) 2. Map and publicize locations around the County that have the highest incidence of extreme thunderstorm and windstorm events. (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: Wood County Commissioners Court, County Sheriff and Constable Lightning 1. Stress the importance of NOAA Weather Radios that automatically alert the public when a watch or warning is issued for an area as well as train people to serve as weather spotters. Public Service Announcements could be used for this type of information dissemination. (Short Term) 152
2. Encourage cities to pass ordinances requiring buried power lines. This offer the security of uninterrupted power during and after storms. Utility companies should be encouraged to bury lines where appropriate. (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: Wood County Commissioners Court, County Sheriff and Constable Hail 1. Educate the public on strengthening roofs through the use of specific building materials, such as concrete tiles, this can lessen the long‐term damage from hailstorms and protect private property utilizing informational pamphlets. (Short Term) 2. Stress the importance of purchasing NOAA Weather Radios for homes and businesses which automatically alerts the public when a watch or warning is issued for an area. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: Wood County Commissioners Court, County Sheriff and Constable Tornados 1. Incorporate the design of shelters in the construction of new critical facilities. (Long Term) 2. Retrofit or add shelters to existing facilities that offer adequate protection. (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: Wood County Commissioners Court, County Sheriff and Constable Wildfire 1. Increase training opportunities, dispatching capabilities, communication capabilities, and necessary equipment in order to reduce damage that could occur as a result of inadequate resources. (Short Term) 2. Enhance response capabilities in the County by working with local fire departments by assisting with funding to increase training and upgrade equipment. (Evaluate whether additional resources are needed for particular types of fires, structural, forestry, grass fires, petroleum, etc.). (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: Wood County Commissioners Court, County Sheriff and Constable 153
Drought 1. Distribute public awareness information regarding droughts to encourage citizens to lower their water use during drought periods. (Short Term) 2. Distribute public awareness information regarding crop insurance which includes importance of insurance and how to go about purchasing insurance. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: Wood County Commissioners Court, County Sheriff and Constable Flood 1. Evaluate the location of existing lift stations to determine if mitigation measures to a higher elevation are in order to prevent storm water runoff from overflowing the WWTP, where appropriate. (Long Term) 2. Take action to flood‐proof public buildings, where appropriate. (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: Wood County Commissioners Court, County Sheriff and Constable Winter Storm 1. Enhance strategies for debris management after storms. (Short Term) 2. Enhance weather monitoring to attain earlier severe storm warning. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: Wood County Commissioners Court, County Sheriff and Constable Hazardous Materials 1. As development occurs, evaluate and implement more logical alternative hazardous material (HAZMAT) routes, especially for areas, in which hazardous materials are passing by high or critical populations. (Long Term) 2. Develop a plan to handle evacuated residents from surrounding areas. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: Wood County Commissioners Court, County Sheriff and Constable 154
Disease 1. Increase ability to vaccinate and spay/neuter animals. (Long Term) 2. Create a County Emergency Action Plan for mass public vaccination. (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: Wood County Commissioners Court, County Sheriff and Constable Dam Failure 1. Create a county wide mapping system that includes: Locate all dams on a map. Survey areas located below these dams that contain homes or business that would be impacted by a dam breach. Establish an inventory of these structures. (Long Term) 2. Work with land/property owners that would be impacted by a dam breach to inform them of the risk of the hazard and options for prevention. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: Wood County Commissioners Court, County Sheriff and Constable ALBA ASSIGNMENTS Thunderstorm 1. Increase public awareness of thunderstorm and windstorm mitigation activities, such as to secure loose objects, trimming tree limbs near power lines, etc. (Short Term) 2. Evaluate the need for early storm warning notification systems for those communities that currently have none or need upgrades. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Alba, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Lightning 1. Pass ordinance requiring buried power lines. This offers the security of uninterrupted power during and after storms. Utility companies should be encouraged to bury lines where appropriate. (Short Term) 2. Pass ordinances to require public and private buildings to be designed with lightning rods, structural bracing, shutters, laminated glass in window panes, and hail resistant roof shingles or flashing to minimize damage. (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions 155
Responsible agency: City of Alba, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Hail 1. Stress the importance of purchasing NOAA Weather Radios for homes and businesses which automatically alerts the public when a watch or warning is issued for an area. These notices will be distributed in water bills. (Short Term) 2. Educate the public on strengthening roofs through the use of specific building materials, such as concrete tiles, this can lessen the long‐term damage from hailstorms and protect private property. (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Alba, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Tornados 1. Encourage the adoption of the most current edition of a model building codes and engineering standards that provide greater protection against high winds. (Long Term) 2. Obtain a current inventory of all buildings and their wind ratings, and recommend any necessary modifications. (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Alba, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Wildfire 1. Continue efforts to reduce fire fuel load on developed and undeveloped lots by removing debris. (Short Term) 2. Enhance response capabilities by the volunteer fire department by increasing training and upgrading equipment. (Evaluate whether additional resources are needed for particular types of fires, structural, forestry, grass fires, petroleum, etc.). (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Alba, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Drought 1. Distribute public awareness information regarding droughts to encourage citizens to lower their water use during drought periods. (Short Term) 2. Implement phased water rationing when necessary to ensure efficient water usage. (Short Term) 156
Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Alba, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Flood 1. Encourage development of acquisition and management strategies to preserve open space for flood mitigation and water quality in the floodplain. (Long Term) 2. Improve maintenance of storm gutters and storm sewers. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Alba, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Winter Storm 1. Enhance strategies for debris management. (Short Term) 2. Develop and implement programs to coordinate maintenance and mitigation activities to reduce risk to public infrastructure. (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Alba, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Hazardous Materials 1. Continue efforts to collect information regarding the location of hazardous materials and distribute information to emergency response crews. (Short Term) 2. As development occurs, evaluate and implement more logical alternative hazardous material (HAZMAT) routes, especially for areas, in which hazardous materials are passing by high or critical populations. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Alba, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Disease 1. Increase ability to vaccinate and spay/neuter animals. (Long Term) 2. Take measures to reduce fear associated with bio‐terrorist threats by distributing accurate, non‐biased information. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Alba, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary 157
Dam Failure 1. Work with County to create a mapping system that includes: Locate all dams on a map. Survey areas located below these dams that contain homes or business that would be impacted by a dam breach. Establish an inventory of these structures. (Long Term) 2. Work with land/property owners that would be impacted by a dam breach to inform them of the risk of the hazard and options for prevention. (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Alba, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary HAWKINS ASSIGNMENTS Thunderstorm 1. Encourage electrical utilities to use underground construction methods where possible to reduce power outages from thunderstorms and windstorms. (Long Term) 2. Increase public awareness of thunderstorm and windstorm mitigation activities, such as to secure loose objects, trimming tree limbs near power lines, etc. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Hawkins, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Lightning 1. Pass ordinance requiring buried power lines. This offer the security of uninterrupted power during and after storms. Utility companies should be encouraged to bury lines where appropriate. (Long Term) 2. Require public and private buildings to be designed with lightning rods, structural bracing, shutters, laminated glass in window panes, and hail resistant roof shingles or flashing to minimize damage. (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Hawkins, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Hail 1. Reduce the adverse impacts by preparing individuals and buildings with materials that will withstand hail storms. Encourage citizens to purchase storm windows and doors to protect private property and provide adequate shelter within the home or business. (Short Term) 2. Produce pamphlets describing to the general public the actions necessary to protect life and property prior to a hail storm. These actions would include bringing property such as cars and 158
pets into a sheltered area, seeking adequate shelter if humans are outside, when a hailstorm is imminent. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Hawkins, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Tornados 1. Ensure that all public building have a designated “safe haven.” (Long Term) 2. Require critical facilities, such as schools and daycare centers, to determine the best location for occupants during a storm, and provide directions to the designated “safe haven.” (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Hawkins, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Wildfire 1. Identify alternative methods of water supply to fight fires. (Long Term) 2. Continue efforts to reduce fire fuel load on developed and undeveloped lots by removing debris. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Hawkins, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Drought 1. Distribute public awareness information regarding droughts to encourage citizens to lower their water use during drought periods. (Short Term) 2. Implement phased water rationing when necessary to ensure efficient water usage. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Hawkins, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Flood 1. Develop and/or obtain data necessary to develop floodplain regulations. (Long Term) 2. Adopt measures to control runoff from developing areas outside the floodplain (Long Term) a. Incorporate “No Adverse Impact” methods to community activities, where appropriate. b. Recommend revisions to requirements for development within the floodplain, where appropriate. 159
Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Hawkins, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Winter Storm 1. Enhance weather monitoring to attain earlier severe storm warning. (Short Term) 2. Enhance strategies for debris management. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Hawkins, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Hazardous Materials 1. Develop a plan to handle evacuated residents from surrounding areas. (Long Term) 2. Continue efforts to collect information regarding the location of hazardous materials and distribute information to emergency response crews. (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Hawkins, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Disease 1. Encourage hospital/clinics to increase oxygen stock in order to have an adequate quantity to refill tanks for citizens that are dependent on power to run breathing machines. (tank capacity ‐‐ four hour limit). (Short Term) 2. Designate a climate‐controlled area for Disease‐related supplies. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Hawkins, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Dam Failure 1. Create a county wide mapping system that includes: Locate all dams on a map. Survey areas located below these dams that contain homes or business that would be impacted by a dam breach. Establish an inventory of these structures. (Long Term) 2. Work with land/property owners that would be impacted by a dam breach to inform them of the risk of the hazard and options for prevention. (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Hawkins, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary 160
MINEOLA ASSIGNMENTS Thunderstorm 1. Enhance strategies for debris management by establishing specific locations throughout the city which can house debris until it can be deposed of properly. (Short Term) 2. Map and publicize locations around the City that have the highest incidence of extreme thunderstorm and windstorm events. (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Mineola, Mayor/City Council, City Administrator, Fire Chief Lightning 1. Require Public and private buildings to be designed with lightning rods, structural bracing, shutters, laminated glass in window panes, and hail resistant roof shingles or flashing to minimize damage. (Short Term) 2. Stress the importance of NOAA Weather Radios that automatically alert the public when a watch or warning is issued for an area as well as train people to serve as weather spotters. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Mineola, Mayor/City Council, City Administrator, Fire Chief Hail 1. Stress the importance of purchasing NOAA Weather Radios for homes and businesses which automatically alerts the public when a watch or warning is issued for an area. (Short Term) 2. Educate the public on strengthening roofs through the use of specific building materials, such as concrete tiles, this can lessen the long‐term damage from hailstorms and protect private property. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Mineola, Mayor/City Council, City Administrator, Fire Chief Tornados 1. Encourage critical facilities, such as schools and daycare centers, to determine the best location for occupants during a storm, and provide directions to the designated “safe haven.” (Short Term) 2. Continue efforts to keep up‐to‐date list of addresses of shelters, to assist non‐local emergency response agencies in checking after a tornado to see if people are trapped inside. (Short Term) 161
Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Mineola, Mayor/City Council, City Administrator, Fire Chief Wildfire 1. Utilize resources of the Texas Forest Service for fire prevention and suppression. (Short Term) 2. Continue efforts to develop maps to assist emergency services during response. (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Mineola, Mayor/City Council, City Administrator, Fire Chief Drought 1. Distribute public awareness information regarding droughts to encourage citizens to lower their water use during drought periods. (Short Term) 2. Distribute public awareness information regarding crop insurance which includes importance of insurance and how to go about purchasing insurance. (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Mineola, Mayor/City Council, City Administrator, Fire Chief Flood 1. Conduct hydrology studies and surveys of flood‐prone areas and identify feasible mitigation options. (Long Term) 2. Take action to flood‐proof public buildings, where appropriate. (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Mineola, Mayor/City Council, City Administrator, Fire Chief Winter Storm 1. Develop and implement programs to coordinate maintenance and mitigation activities to reduce risk to public infrastructure. (Long Term) 2. Increase public awareness of severe winter storm mitigation activities. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions 162
Responsible agency: City of Mineola, Mayor/City Council, City Administrator, Fire Chief Hazardous Materials 1. As development occurs, evaluate and implement more logical alternative hazardous material (HAZMAT) routes, especially for areas, in which hazardous materials are passing by high or critical populations. (Long Term) 2. Increase response capabilities by review HAZMAT evacuation plans and develop mitigation measures to increase capabilities—possibly forming a HAZMAT team, obtaining specialized training and equipment to meet HAZMAT needs. (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Mineola, Mayor/City Council, City Administrator, Fire Chief Disease 1. Continue to pursue state and federal funding for health department to treat citizens of the community who may not have the opportunity to seek healthcare in a hospital due to insurance restrictions. (Long Term) 2. Continue to identify individuals with special needs and publicize existing programs to improve the County’s inventory of any medical needs that might need to be addressed prior to, during, or after a hazard event, especially in the event of a power outage. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Mineola, Mayor/City Council, City Administrator, Fire Chief Dam Failure 1. Create a county wide mapping system that includes: Locate all dams on a map. Survey areas located below these dams that contain homes or business that would be impacted by a dam breach. Establish an inventory of these structures. (Long Term) 2. Work with land/property owners that would be impacted by a dam breach to inform them of the risk of the hazard and options for prevention. (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Mineola, Mayor/City Council, City Administrator, Fire Chief QUITMAN ASSIGNMENTS Thunderstorm 1. Increase public awareness of thunderstorm and windstorm mitigation activities, such as to secure loose objects, trimming tree limbs near power lines, etc. (Short Term) 163
2. Evaluate the need for early storm warning notification systems for those communities that currently have none or need upgrades. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Quitman, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary, Fire Chief Lightning 1. Pass ordinance requiring buried power lines. This offers the security of uninterrupted power during and after storms. Utility companies should be encouraged to bury lines where appropriate. (Short Term) 2. Pass ordinances to require public and private buildings to be designed with lightning rods, structural bracing, shutters, laminated glass in window panes, and hail resistant roof shingles or flashing to minimize damage. (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Quitman, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary, Fire Chief Hail 1. Stress the importance of purchasing NOAA Weather Radios for homes and businesses which automatically alerts the public when a watch or warning is issued for an area. These notices will be distributed in water bills. (Short Term) 2. Educate the public on strengthening roofs through the use of specific building materials, such as concrete tiles, this can lessen the long‐term damage from hailstorms and protect private property. (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Quitman, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary, Fire Chief Tornados 1. Encourage the adoption of the most current edition of a model building codes and engineering standards that provide greater protection against high winds. (Long Term) 2. Obtain a current inventory of all buildings and their wind ratings, and recommend any necessary modifications. (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Quitman, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary, Fire Chief 164
Wildfire 1. Continue efforts to reduce fire fuel load on developed and undeveloped lots by removing debris. (Short Term) 2. Enhance response capabilities by the volunteer fire department by increasing training and upgrading equipment. (Evaluate whether additional resources are needed for particular types of fires, structural, forestry, grass fires, petroleum, etc.). (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Quitman, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary, Fire Chief Drought 1. Distribute public awareness information regarding droughts to encourage citizens to lower their water use during drought periods. (Short Term) 2. Implement phased water rationing when necessary to ensure efficient water usage. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Quitman, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary, Fire Chief Flood 1. Encourage development of acquisition and management strategies to preserve open space for flood mitigation and water quality in the floodplain. (Long Term) 2. Improve maintenance of storm gutters and storm sewers. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Quitman, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary, Fire Chief Winter Storm 1. Enhance strategies for debris management. (Short Term) 2. Develop and implement programs to coordinate maintenance and mitigation activities to reduce risk to public infrastructure. (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Quitman, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Hazardous Materials 1. Continue efforts to collect information regarding the location of hazardous materials and distribute information to emergency response crews. (Short Term) 165
2. As development occurs, evaluate and implement more logical alternative hazardous material (HAZMAT) routes, especially for areas, in which hazardous materials are passing by high or critical populations. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Quitman, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Disease 1. Increase ability to vaccinate and spay/neuter animals. (Long Term) 2. Take measures to reduce fear associated with bio‐terrorist threats by distributing accurate, non‐
biased information. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Quitman, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Dam Failure 1. Work with County to create a mapping system that includes: Locate all dams on a map. Survey areas located below these dams that contain homes or business that would be impacted by a dam breach. Establish an inventory of these structures. (Long Term) 2. Work with land/property owners that would be impacted by a dam breach to inform them of the risk of the hazard and options for prevention. (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Quitman, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary WINNSBORO ASSIGNMENTS Thunderstorm 1. Enhance strategies for debris management by establishing specific locations throughout the city which can house debris until it can be deposed of properly. (Short Term) 2. Map and publicize locations around the area that have the highest incidence of extreme thunderstorm and windstorm events. (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Winnsboro, Mayor/City Council, City Administrator, Fire Marshall 166
Lightning 1. Public and private buildings should be designed with lightning rods, structural bracing, shutters, laminated glass in window panes, and hail resistant roof shingles or flashing to minimize damage. (Short Term) 2. Stress the importance of NOAA Weather Radios that automatically alert the public when a watch or warning is issued for an area as well as train people to serve as weather spotters. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Winnsboro, Mayor/City Council, City Administrator, Fire Marshall Hail 1. Stress the importance of purchasing NOAA Weather Radios for homes and businesses which automatically alerts the public when a watch or warning is issued for an area. (Short Term) 2. Educate the public on strengthening roofs through the use of specific building materials, such as concrete tiles, this can lessen the long‐term damage from hailstorms and protect private property. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Winnsboro, Mayor/City Council, City Administrator, Fire Marshall Tornados 1. Encourage critical facilities, such as schools and daycare centers, to determine the best location for occupants during a storm, and provide directions to the designated “safe haven.” (Short Term) 2. Continue efforts to keep up‐to‐date list of addresses of shelters, to assist non‐local emergency response agencies in checking after a tornado to see if people are trapped inside. (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Winnsboro, Mayor/City Council, City Administrator, Fire Marshall Wildfire 1. Utilize resources of the Texas Forest Service for fire prevention and suppression. (Short Term) 2. Continue efforts to develop maps to assist emergency services during response. (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Winnsboro, Mayor/City Council, City Administrator, Fire Marshall 167
Drought 1. Distribute public awareness information regarding droughts to encourage citizens to lower their water use during drought periods. (Short Term) 2. Distribute public awareness information regarding crop insurance which includes importance of insurance and how to go about purchasing insurance. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Winnsboro, Mayor/City Council, City Administrator, Fire Marshall Flood 1. Conduct hydrology studies and surveys of flood‐prone areas and identify feasible mitigation options. (Long Term) 2. Take action to flood‐proof public buildings, where appropriate. (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Winnsboro, Mayor/City Council, City Administrator, Fire Marshall Winter Storm 1. Develop and implement programs to coordinate maintenance and mitigation activities to reduce risk to public infrastructure. (Long Term) 2. Increase public awareness of severe winter storm mitigation activities. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Winnsboro, Mayor/City Council, City Administrator, Fire Marshall Hazardous Materials 1. As development occurs, evaluate and implement more logical alternative hazardous material (HAZMAT) routes, especially for areas, in which hazardous materials are passing by high or critical populations. (Short Term) 2. Increase response capabilities by review HAZMAT evacuation plans and develop mitigation measures to increase capabilities—possibly forming a HAZMAT team, obtaining specialized training and equipment to meet HAZMAT needs. (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Winnsboro, Mayor/City Council, City Administrator, Fire Marshall 168
Disease 1. Continue to pursue state and federal funding for health department to treat citizens of the community who may not have the opportunity to seek healthcare in a hospital due to insurance restrictions. (Short Term) 2. Continue to identify individuals with special needs and publicize existing programs to improve the County’s inventory of any medical needs that might need to be addressed prior to, during, or after a hazard event, especially in the event of a power outage. (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Winnsboro, Mayor/City Council, City Administrator, Fire Marshall Dam Failure 1. Create a county wide mapping system that includes: Locate all dams on a map. Survey areas located below these dams that contain homes or business that would be impacted by a dam breach. Establish an inventory of these structures. (Long Term) 2. Work with land/property owners that would be impacted by a dam breach to inform them of the risk of the hazard and options for prevention. (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Winnsboro, Mayor/City Council, City Administrator, Fire Marshall YANTIS ASSIGNMENTS Thunderstorm 1. Encourage electrical utilities to use underground construction methods where possible to reduce power outages from thunderstorms and windstorms. (Long Term) 2. Increase public awareness of thunderstorm and windstorm mitigation activities, such as to secure loose objects, trimming tree limbs near power lines, etc. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Yantis, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Lightning 1. Pass ordinance requiring buried power lines. This offer the security of uninterrupted power during and after storms. Utility companies should be encouraged to bury lines where appropriate. (Long Term) 2. Require public and private buildings to be designed with lightning rods, structural bracing, shutters, laminated glass in window panes, and hail resistant roof shingles or flashing to minimize damage. (Long Term) 169
Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Yantis, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Thunderstorm 1. Encourage electrical utilities to use underground construction methods where possible to reduce power outages from thunderstorms and windstorms. (Long Term) 2. Increase public awareness of thunderstorm and windstorm mitigation activities, such as to secure loose objects, trimming tree limbs near power lines, etc. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Yantis, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Lightning 1. Pass ordinance requiring buried power lines. This offer the security of uninterrupted power during and after storms. Utility companies should be encouraged to bury lines where appropriate. (Long Term) 2. Require public and private buildings to be designed with lightning rods, structural bracing, shutters, laminated glass in window panes, and hail resistant roof shingles or flashing to minimize damage. (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency City of Yantis, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Hail 1. Reduce the adverse impacts by preparing individuals and buildings with materials that will withstand hail storms. Encourage citizens to purchase storm windows and doors to protect private property and provide adequate shelter within the home or business. (Short Term) 2. Produce pamphlets describing to the general public the actions necessary to protect life and property prior to a hail storm. These actions would include bringing property such as cars and pets into a sheltered area, seeking adequate shelter if humans are outside, when a hailstorm is imminent. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Yantis, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary 170
Tornados 1. Ensure that all public building have a designated “safe haven.” (Long Term) 2. Require critical facilities, such as schools and daycare centers, to determine the best location for occupants during a storm, and provide directions to the designated “safe haven.” (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Yantis, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Wildfire 1. Identify alternative methods of water supply to fight fires. (Long Term) 2. Continue efforts to reduce fire fuel load on developed and undeveloped lots by removing debris. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Yantis, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Drought 1. Distribute public awareness information regarding droughts to encourage citizens to lower their water use during drought periods. (Short Term) 2. Implement phased water rationing when necessary to ensure efficient water usage. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Yantis, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Flood 1. Develop and/or obtain data necessary to develop floodplain regulations. (Long Term) 2 Adopt measures to control runoff from developing areas outside the floodplain (Long Term) c. Incorporate “No Adverse Impact” methods to community activities, where appropriate. d. Recommend revisions to requirements for development within the floodplain, where appropriate. Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Yantis, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Winter Storm 1. Enhance weather monitoring to attain earlier severe storm warning. (Short Term) 171
2. Enhance strategies for debris management. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Yantis, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Hazardous Materials 1. Develop a plan to handle evacuated residents from surrounding areas. (Long Term) 2. Continue efforts to collect information regarding the location of hazardous materials and distribute information to emergency response crews. (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Yantis, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Disease 1. Encourage hospital/clinics to increase oxygen stock in order to have an adequate quantity to refill tanks for citizens that are dependent on power to run breathing machines. (tank capacity ‐‐ four hour limit). (Short Term) 2. Designate a climate‐controlled area for Disease‐related supplies. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Yantis, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Dam Failure 1. Create a county wide mapping system that includes: Locate all dams on a map. Survey areas located below these dams that contain homes or business that would be impacted by a dam breach. Establish an inventory of these structures. (Long Term) 2. Work with land/property owners that would be impacted by a dam breach to inform them of the risk of the hazard and options for prevention. (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Yantis, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Hail 1. Reduce the adverse impacts by preparing individuals and buildings with materials that will withstand hail storms. Encourage citizens to purchase storm windows and doors to protect private property and provide adequate shelter within the home or business. (Short Term) 2. Produce pamphlets describing to the general public the actions necessary to protect life and property prior to a hail storm. These actions would include bringing property such as cars and 172
pets into a sheltered area, seeking adequate shelter if humans are outside, when a hailstorm is imminent. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Yantis, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Tornados 1. Ensure that all public building have a designated “safe haven.” (Long Term) 2. Require critical facilities, such as schools and daycare centers, to determine the best location for occupants during a storm, and provide directions to the designated “safe haven.” (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Yantis, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Wildfire 1. Identify alternative methods of water supply to fight fires. (Long Term) 2. Continue efforts to reduce fire fuel load on developed and undeveloped lots by removing debris. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency City of Yantis, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Drought 1. Distribute public awareness information regarding droughts to encourage citizens to lower their water use during drought periods. (Short Term) 2. Implement phased water rationing when necessary to ensure efficient water usage. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Yantis, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Flood 1. Develop and/or obtain data necessary to develop floodplain regulations. (Long Term) 2 Adopt measures to control runoff from developing areas outside the floodplain (Long Term) a. Incorporate “No Adverse Impact” methods to community activities, where appropriate. b. Recommend revisions to requirements for development within the 173
floodplain, where appropriate. Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Yantis, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Winter Storm 1. Enhance weather monitoring to attain earlier severe storm warning. (Short Term) 2. Enhance strategies for debris management. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Yantis, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Hazardous Materials 1. Develop a plan to handle evacuated residents from surrounding areas. (Long Term) 2. Continue efforts to collect information regarding the location of hazardous materials and distribute information to emergency response crews. (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Yantis, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Disease 1. Encourage hospital/clinics to increase oxygen stock in order to have an adequate quantity to refill tanks for citizens that are dependent on power to run breathing machines. (tank capacity ‐‐ four hour limit). (Short Term) 2. Designate a climate‐controlled area for Disease‐related supplies. (Short Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Yantis, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary Dam Failure 1. Create a county wide mapping system that includes: Locate all dams on a map. Survey areas located below these dams that contain homes or business that would be impacted by a dam breach. Establish an inventory of these structures. (Long Term) 2. Work with land/property owners that would be impacted by a dam breach to inform them of the risk of the hazard and options for prevention. (Long Term) Potential Funding Sources for above: PDM, HMGP Grants, Local Jurisdiction Contribution (non‐federal), Private contributions Responsible agency: City of Yantis, Mayor/City Council, City Secretary
174
What is the estimated cost of each project?
The Federal Emergency Management Agency requires that a cost-benefit analysis be
developed in order to verify that the cost of the project will be less than the potential damage
that would result if no action is taken. In other words, FEMA wants to verify the economic
feasibility of mitigation projects.
Most action items within this Plan require that further data is gathered and/or require
engineering services in order to develop estimated costs for each project. Depending on the
type of project, the Committee will need to contact an engineer or a grant management and
planning firm to develop detailed estimated budgets for particular projects. In some cases,
additional planning, research, and data gathering will be necessary prior to determining the
estimated costs of the project—of which will also require additional funding. To meet the
requirements of this plan, the Committee determined that this should be incorporated as an
action items to ensure that estimates are developed. Once the Committee is formalized, it will
be responsible for implementing this action item:
Seek funding to continue efforts to collect data of historical damage reports and to
develop estimated costs of potential projects.
Develop cost estimates for each potential project, especially projects that could be
funded through grant programs
How the plan will be funded
The prioritization and funding of Plan action items should be determined by the Hazard
Mitigation Committee based on three factors--the prioritized list of hazards in the “Assessing
Vulnerability & Risks” Section, the cost/benefit analysis as developed by the Committee & by
other professional organizations, and by the availability of funds via both locally and via State
and/or Federal grant programs, such as the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program and Pre-Disaster
Mitigation Grant Program. Since further information is needed in order to develop the
cost/benefit analysis and cost estimates of each project, the Committee is recommending that
action items be prioritized once further information is collected. As a result, the Committee
incorporated the following action item to address this issue:
Prioritize the remaining mitigation measures according to funding availability and
cost-benefit analysis.
At the time at which funds become available through State or Federal Programs, the Committee
will ensure that estimates are still applicable and will submit an application for funding
accordingly.
Identify and pursue funding opportunities to develop and implement local
mitigation activities
The Hazard Mitigation Committee will also be responsible for implementing specific action
items, as able, that do not require additional funding by creatively working projects into existing
methods. For example, public awareness is a major goal throughout the Plan. Public
175
awareness activities can be accomplished through the Fire Department school programs, by
utilizing utility company billing to distribute information, or through booths at local festivals.
Work Schedule
One of the first tasks of the Hazard Mitigation Committee will be to assign tasks to members
according to a schedule that the Committee sets to implement the first five action items as listed
in the previous section These action items must be implemented first in order to set-up the
framework necessary to implement the remaining action items.
The Committee will set the implementation schedule using the short-term and long-term goal
projections as a guide. Each action item has a timeframe assigned, which is listed under each
action item and as a part of the Summary Action Item Tables. The short-term goals should be
addressed, while at the same time preliminary plans should be in the works to address longterm goals.
Formal Review Process
The Hazard Mitigation Committee will ensure that regular monitoring and updating of the
Hazard Mitigation Plan occurs. The Committee will evaluate the plan annually to determine the
Plan’s effectiveness and to reflect any changes that may affect mitigation priorities. An
evaluation process shall be complete one year from the date that all the City Councils, as well
as, the County Commissioners Court adopt the Plan. The Chairman of the Committee will be
responsible for organizing an annual meeting specifically to evaluate the progress of the
mitigation strategies. The Committee will keep record of any necessary changes, how and by
whom it was evaluated, and the criteria used to evaluate the Plan. The evaluation shall assess,
whether:
The goals and action items address current and expected conditions;
The nature or magnitude of risks that might have changed;
The current resources are appropriate for implementing the Plan;
There are implementation problems, such as technical, political, legal, or
coordination issues;
The outcomes have occurred as expected;
The partners participated as proposed.
The Committee members will not only evaluate each goal and action item to determine their
relevance to changing situations of the County, but also, changes in State or Federal policy to
ensure that the County is addressing issues accordingly.
The Committee will also monitor the risk assessment portion of the plan to determine if this
information should be updated or modified.
The parties responsible for the various
176
implementation actions will provide the Committee with a report on the status of their projects
and will include which implementation processes worked well, any difficulties encountered, how
coordination efforts were proceeding, and which strategies should be updated. Any new
mitigation measures that the Committee feels would be important to add to the Plan should be
addressed via the annual evaluation and reported to the State Hazard Mitigation Officer.
Each jurisdiction will monitor the plan at regularly scheduled meetings and review the plan
annually to ensure compliance with the adopted action items. As conditions warrant, the plan
will be updated during this annual review to include new hazards, updated cost-benefit analysis
or reprioritized action items as the need arises. Monitoring will include periodic reports by
agencies involved in implementing projects or activities; site visits, phone calls, and
meetings conducted by the person responsible for overseeing the plan; and the
preparation of an annual report that captures the highlights of the previously mentioned
activities. More specifically, the overall purpose of each meeting will be to monitor and
evaluate the progress of the action items and to maintain the partnerships that are formed.
Although an evaluation of the plan will be completed annually, a formal updated plan will be
submitted to the State Hazard Mitigation Officer and FEMA by the Hazard Mitigation Committee
Chairman at least every five years. In the fourth year of every five year update cycle, in
accordance with 44 CFR, Section 201.6, the Committee will reconvene to update and amend
the HMAP, and discuss new mitigation measures to be added to the HMAP, and discuss and
document accomplishments and/or implementation problems, and recommended solutions.
Finally, the HMT shall ensure that any new planning tools that are developed in Wood County –
such as comprehensive plans, capital improvement plans, or storm water management plans –
shall reflect components of the hazard mitigation action items in the HMAP, as appropriate.
The Chairman will be responsible for submitting the updated Hazard Mitigation Action Plan to
the State Hazard Mitigation Officer and to FEMA for review.
Continued Public Involvement
The County is dedicated to involving the public directly in the continual review and updates of
the Hazard Mitigation Action Plan. Copies of the Plan will be available at the County
Courthouse, as well as, on the Wood County Hazard Mitigation website for the public to review
and submit comments. This website also includes contact information to which people can
direct their comments or concerns. The Hazard Mitigation Committee will also be implementing
public awareness/outreach programs in which will also be utilized to maintain the public’s
involvement in this process.
177
Effectiveness Assessments
This section addresses FEMA requirements that are not previously addressed, as well as,
Texas standards that exceed Section 201 requirements. FEMA requirement 201.6 © (4) (ii)
requests, “The plan shall include a process by which local governments incorporate the
requirements of the mitigation plan into other planning mechanisms such as comprehensive or
capital improvement plans when appropriate…” Each jurisdiction’s development trends and
planning mechanisms including information pertaining to comprehensive plans and/or capital
improvement plans by jurisdiction are listed within the Analyzing Development Trends Section.
The following summarizes the existing planning mechanisms.
Implementation of Mitigation Measures
Planning Tools that will incorporate mitigation measures:
Mitigation happens locally, so local governments such as Wood County and the cities
within it must recognize hazards and initiate mitigation actions. At a minimum, that
means:
-Enacting and enforcing building codes, zoning ordinances and other measures to protect life
and property.
-Complying with federal and state regulations that are designed to reduce disaster costs and
preserve and protect natural, historic and cultural resources.
-Incorporate Land Use Planning in local decision making to establish the best land uses to
mitigate damage to life and property.
-Limit variances to building codes and zoning ordinance in order to protect life and property.
Comprehensive Plans
Currently, the City of Mineola has a Comprehensive Plan and a Capital Improvements Program,
both of which could be utilized as tools to incorporate mitigation measures as discussed within
this plan. The purchase of mapping software to allow the city to better track hazards would be
an ideal addition to the CIP.
Zoning
Wood County has no zoning power to regulate future development, for the laws of Texas are
set-up in a manner that does not enable counties to utilize zoning as a planning mechanism.
On the other hand, the City of Mineola and the City of Winnsboro have zoning power in order to
regulate land use. This power will be greatly beneficial in encouraging smart development
practices, especially with regard to floodplain issues.
178
The following table addresses Texas Standards that are not otherwise addressed:
TEXAS STANDARD
P42.01: HMGP Grant
COMMENT/ASSESSMENT
No completed HMGP projects and no HMGP
money received.
P42.02: Public Assistance
According to John Latham, with the Texas
Department of Public Safety, Wood County
received $79,171 in Public Assistance funds,
while the City of Mineola received $24,709 in
Public Funds. The City of Quitman received
$8,400 and the City of Winnsboro received
$34,219 in Public Funds.
The TXDPS
database dates back to 1998.
P42.03: Corps of Engineers
Michael Mocek, a Deputy District Engineer with
the Corps of Engineers provided information
pertaining to projects within East Texas Council
of Governments Planning Region. See the
letter below.
P42.04: TX Water
According to Gilbert Ward, with the Texas
Development Board
Water Development Board, no jurisdictions
have received TX Water Development Board
funds within the East Texas Council of
Governments Planning Region.
P42.05: PI, PDM, H-PPM
No grant money received from the programs
P42.06:
Master
drainage, Wood County – Does not have a master
storm water management
drainage system
Alba - - Data not available
Hawkins – Does not have a master drainage
system
Mineola – Has one man-made drainage
system. It is believed to have been built in the
1920’s. This system drains into natural
drainage areas.
Quitman – Does not have a master drainage
system
Winnsboro – Data not available
Yantis – Data not available
P42.07: current comprehensive See Analyzing Development Trends Section of
and capital improvement plans this plan
179
P42.08: Current building and
fire codes. Date and type of
codes
in
use,
describe
inspection/permit
process,
number & qualifications of
inspectors, and number of
building starts and inspections
for the past 12 months
Which cities have building and fire codes? If
they have codes, please have them answer the
following questions.
Wood County – Does not have building or fire
codes
Alba – Data not available
Hawkins – Adopted the Southern Building
Code. The City does not have a building
inspection department. There is no inspection
by the City that takes place on new
construction. Two building starts in the past 12
months, but no inspections by the City.
Hawkins has a Fire Code – Current Life Safety
and Fire Prevention Code – The adopting
ordinance sets this up so that all current
changes are automatically adopted. The Fire
Marshall makes these inspections annually.
Mineola – The City has adopted the
International Building, Fire, and Plumbing Code
2000 edition. These codes were adopted in
2000. The City also uses the NEC 2002
edition.
To obtain a building permit, the
applicant must submit three sets of plans and
fill out an application. The City has five working
days to respond to the applicant. Plumbers
must show proof of their master license to
receive a permit. Electricians must show proof
of their master license. All inspections are
performed
during
different
stages
of
construction. The City has one plumbing, one
electrical, and one fire inspector. The plumbing
inspector is certified through the Texas
Commission on Fire Protection. The electrical
inspector is not certified at this time. There
were 42 building starts in the last twelve
months and 339 inspections.
Quitman – Does not have building or fire codes
180
P42.09: Current floodplain
management ordinances/court
orders. Identify dates adopted
and explain inspection/permit
process,
numbers
and
qualifications
of
floodplain
administrators, and the number
of inspections and permits
approved and the number and
explanation of why permit
variances were allowed during
the last twelve period.
Does the city have floodplain management
ordinances/court orders? If yes, then answer
the following:
Wood County – Adopted a floodplain ordinance
on December 21, 2000. There is no inspection
process, and therefore no inspections have
been performed, no permits issued, and no
permit variance allowed within the past 12
months. . The County Judge is the floodplain
administrator, of which is not certified. Please
see the floodplain ordinance following this
section.
Alba – Data not available
Hawkins – The City does not have a floodplain
management ordinance/court order.
Mineola – City has a current floodplain
management ordinance #00-11-27. Please see
a copy of the ordinance in the back pocket of
this plan. No permits were approved in the
floodplain management areas.
Quitman – Does not have a floodplain
management ordinance / court order
P42.10: Community Assistance
Visits (CAVs), flood insurance
studies or other technical
assistance
reports/findings.
Identify type and date of
current
floodplain
maps,
repetitive loss category and
participation in the Community
rating System.
P42.11: Findings/results of
Building Code Effectiveness
Grading. Include date of report
and score received.
Please see below for a list pertaining to this
information for each jurisdiction.
Dennis Gage, with ISO Properties, Incorporated
was able to provide dates that BCEG were
performed, but was unable to provide the score
received. Each participating jurisdiction was
requested to complete a questionnaire in order
to obtain this information, but most jurisdictions
were not able to provide a score.
181
Alba – 98/99 effective 1996
Hawkins – 98/99 effective 1997 (ISO rating = 5)
Mineola – 8/8 effective 1997
Quitman – 98/99 effective 1996
Winnsboro – No classification assigned
Yantis – No classification assigned
P 42.10 - Continued
Community
Participation
Status
Date and Type of Date of the
Map
Last CAV
Wood County
Alba
Hawkins
Mineola
Quitman
Winnsboro
Yantis
EP – 2/21/01
Withdrawn
NP
EP – 4/1/02
NP
RP – 12/7/82
RP – 10/26/82
FHBM – 5/31/77
FHBM – 5/2/75
Rescinded
FHBM – 6/4/76
Rescinded
FIRM – 12/7/82
FIRM – 10/26/82
Never CAV’ed
N/A
N/A
Never CAV’ed
N/A
Never CAV’ed
Never CAV’ed
Number of
Repetitive
Losses
0 / $0
N/A
N/A
0 / $0
N/A
0 / $0
0 / $0
Repetitive
Loss (RL)
Category
Cat. A
Cat. A
Cat. A
Cat. A
Cat. A
Cat. A
Cat. A
CRS
Level
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
P.49 – Identify the impact of emergencies and disasters that occurred during the year. Include
impact to floodplains, repetitive loss areas, and an assessment of effectiveness of previous and
ongoing mitigation measures.
No jurisdiction reported any additional emergency or disaster within the last 12 months that
should be addressed within this plan.
P.50 – Identify prioritized list of proposed mitigation actions from mitigation action plan and
discuss implementation accomplishments and/or implementation problems and recommended
solutions.
The list of prioritized action items can be found under the Plan Maintenance section. Each
jurisdiction developed goals and action items that are incorporated into this Hazard Mitigation
Action Plan. Since this document is the base for future projects, no implementation
accomplishments or problems can be identified at this time. The Committee should keep track
of accomplishments and problems and incorporate into future revisions of this Plan.
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
APPENDIX 1
WOOD COUNTY, TEXAS MITIGATION ACTION PLAN
Historical Storm Event Data (1954-2008)
This information derives from the National Weather Service (NWS), National Climatic Data Center
(NCDC), Storm Events Database. The information can be queried/sorted online at the following URL:
http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwEvent~Storms
Location or County Date Time Type Mag Dth Inj PrD CrD WOOD 2/19/1954 930 Tornado F1 0 0 3K 0 WOOD 5/15/1955 1700 Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/15/1955 1700 Thunderstorm Winds 75 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 4/19/1957 2355 Tornado F0 0 0 3K 0 WOOD 8/31/1957 1530 Thunderstorm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 3/8/1958 500 Thunderstorm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 3/28/1961 1810 Hail 2.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 3/28/1961 1810 Tornado F2 0 0 25K 0 WOOD 3/24/1962 1530 Tornado F3 0 8 2.5M 0 WOOD 3/24/1962 1700 Tornado F1 0 0 25K 0 WOOD 4/30/1962 1800 Tornado F0 0 0 0K 0 WOOD 5/27/1963 2020 Thunderstorm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 7/1/1963 1850 Tornado F1 0 0 3K 0 WOOD 10/31/1963 1600 Tornado F 0 0 25K 0 WOOD 4/5/1964 300 Tornado F2 0 0 250K 0 WOOD 4/23/1966 2100 Tornado F2 0 0 25K 0 WOOD 4/25/1966 1730 Tornado F1 0 0 3K 0 WOOD 5/23/1966 1800 Tornado F2 0 0 0K 0 WOOD 5/1/1967 1000 Tornado F1 0 0 0K 0 WOOD 5/17/1968 100 Thunderstorm Winds 50 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 12/27/1968 1100 Tornado F0 0 0 3K 0 WOOD 4/25/1970 725 Thunderstorm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 12/14/1971 1930 Tornado F1 0 0 25K 0 WOOD 4/29/1975 1940 Tornado F2 0 0 25K 0 WOOD 11/19/1975 1718 Tornado F2 0 0 0K 0 WOOD 4/20/1976 326 Thunderstorm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/5/1978 330 Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/5/1978 330 Thunderstorm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/5/1978 330 Thunderstorm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/11/1978 1830 Thunderstorm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 6/30/1978 1745 Tornado F 0 0 25K 0 WOOD 4/11/1979 1102 Tornado F1 0 0 0K 0 WOOD 5/3/1979 1700 Tornado F3 0 0 2.5M 0 WOOD 5/13/1981 2025 Tornado F2 0 0 250K 0 As of 07/31/2008
Climatic Data Center
Page 200 of 207
NOAA- National
Location or County Date Time Type Mag Dth Inj PrD CrD WOOD 5/13/1981 2110 Tornado F2 0 0 25K 0 WOOD 5/26/1981 1935 Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 4/2/1982 1810 Tornado F2 0 1 25K 0 WOOD 4/15/1982 1715 Tornado F0 0 0 0K 0 WOOD 3/4/1983 1145 Thunderstorm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 11/23/1983 100 Thunderstorm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/2/1984 1530 Tornado F0 0 0 0K 0 WOOD 5/2/1984 1540 Tornado F0 0 0 0K 0 WOOD 5/2/1984 1545 Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 9/1/1984 1700 Thunderstorm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 2/22/1985 1920 Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 3/20/1985 1835 Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 4/22/1985 1833 Tornado F0 0 0 0K 0 WOOD 5/13/1985 1220 Thunderstorm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/21/1985 415 Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 8/27/1985 1500 Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 2/5/1986 1550 Thunderstorm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 3/11/1986 2120 Thunderstorm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 3/11/1986 2145 Thunderstorm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 4/4/1986 2145 Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 4/12/1986 230 Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 4/19/1986 1345 Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 4/19/1986 1518 Thunderstorm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 4/19/1986 1550 Thunderstorm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 8/3/1986 1545 Thunderstorm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 8/3/1986 1605 Thunderstorm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 3/16/1987 2130 Tornado F1 0 0 250K 0 WOOD 6/23/1987 1910 Thunderstorm Winds 52 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 6/23/1987 1915 Thunderstorm Winds 57 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 1/19/1988 7 Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 3/29/1988 1000 Thunderstorm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 11/19/1988 1145 Thunderstorm Winds 61 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 11/25/1988 1945 Hail 4.50 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 11/25/1988 2000 Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 11/25/1988 2020 Thunderstorm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 3/28/1989 1000 Thunderstorm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 4/3/1989 2245 Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/5/1989 15 Thunderstorm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/5/1989 20 Thunderstorm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 6/4/1989 10 Thunderstorm Winds 56 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 6/13/1989 730 Thunderstorm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 3/7/1990 1545 Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 4/5/1990 2015 Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 4/26/1991 1745 Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 As of 07/31/2008
Page 201 of 207
NOAA- National
Location or County Date Time Type Mag Dth Inj PrD CrD WOOD 4/27/1991 2245 Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/3/1991 315 Thunderstorm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/4/1991 1758 Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 7/15/1991 1330 Thunderstorm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 9/24/1991 1315 Thunderstorm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 10/4/1991 1840 Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 11/19/1991 1130 Thunderstorm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 3/4/1992 2125 Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/11/1992 2020 Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/11/1992 2110 Thunderstorm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/11/1992 2233 Thunderstorm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/11/1992 2300 Thunderstorm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/15/1992 1819 Thunderstorm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 6/6/1992 320 Thunderstorm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 6/11/1992 15 Thunderstorm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 6/28/1992 2330 Thunderstorm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 10/29/1992 1612 Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 10/29/1992 1642 Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 1/23/1993 2015 Thunderstorm Windss 0 kts. 0 0 1K 0 WOOD 4/13/1993 1705 Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 4/19/1993 2025 Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 4/19/1993 2110 Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/9/1993 1730 Thunderstorm Windss 0 kts. 0 0 5K 0 WOOD 10/18/1993 1730 Thunderstorm Windss 0 kts. 0 0 500K 0 WOOD 10/18/1993 1740 Tornado F2 0 0 500K 0 WOOD 10/18/1993 1743 Tornado F1 0 0 50K 0 WOOD 10/18/1993 1746 Thunderstorm Windss 0 kts. 0 0 5K 0 WOOD 10/18/1993 1800 Hail 2.75 in. 0 0 500K 0 WOOD 10/19/1993 2115 Thunderstorm Windss 52 kts. 0 0 5K 0 WOOD 10/19/1993 2300 Flash Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 WOOD 10/20/1993 135 Flash Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 WOOD 10/20/1993 135 Flash Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 WOOD 11/14/1993 505 Thunderstorm Windss 0 kts. 0 0 500K 0 WOOD 1/26/1994 1710 Hail 2.75 in. 0 0 50.0M 0 WOOD 1/26/1994 1900 Hail 2.00 in. 0 0 50K 0 WOOD 2/9/1994 0 Ice Storm N/A 0 0 50.0M 0 WOOD 4/25/1994 2300 Thunderstorm Windss 0 kts. 0 0 5K 0 WOOD 4/29/1994 2117 Tornado F2 0 0 5.0M 0 WOOD 4/29/1994 2135 Thunderstorm Windss 0 kts. 0 0 5K 0 WOOD 5/14/1994 2020 Thunderstorm Windss 0 kts. 0 0 5K 0 WOOD 5/14/1994 2020 Thunderstorm Windss 0 kts. 0 0 50K 0 WOOD 5/29/1994 1000 Thunderstorm Windss 52 kts. 0 0 5K 0 WOOD 6/10/1994 900 Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 50K 0 WOOD 7/15/1994 546 Flash Flooding N/A 0 0 0 0 As of 07/31/2008
Page 202 of 207
NOAA- National
Location or County Date Time Type Mag Dth Inj PrD CrD WOOD 11/4/1994 1720 Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 11/4/1994 1720 Thunderstorm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 5K 0 WOOD 11/4/1994 1845 Thunderstorm Winds 52 kts. 0 0 5K 0 WOOD 11/4/1994 2205 Flash Flooding N/A 0 0 0 0 WOOD 11/4/1994 2205 Thunderstorm Winds 52 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 1/18/1995 455 Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 1/18/1995 500 Hail 2.00 in. 0 0 40K 0 WOOD 1/18/1995 500 Thunderstorm Windss 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 1/18/1995 525 Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 15K 0 WOOD 1/18/1995 525 Thunderstorm Windss 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 1/18/1995 525 Hail 2.00 in. 0 0 40K 0 WOOD 1/18/1995 635 Hail 2.50 in. 0 0 40K 0 WOOD 1/18/1995 635 Thunderstorm Windss 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 1/18/1995 700 Thunderstorm Windss 0 kts. 0 0 10K 0 WOOD 4/19/1995 1640 Thunderstorm Windss 65 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 4/19/1995 1655 Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 4/19/1995 1705 Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 4/19/1995 2215 Thunderstorm Windss 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 4/22/1995 1530 Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 4/22/1995 1645 Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 4/22/1995 1926 Hail 1.75 in. 2 0 0 0 WOOD 4/22/1995 1926 Lightning N/A 2 0 0 0 WOOD 4/30/1995 2330 Thunderstorm Windss 52 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/8/1995 35 Thunderstorm Windss 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/8/1995 100 Thunderstorm Windss 0 kts. 0 0 25K 0 WOOD 5/8/1995 100 Flash Flood N/A 0 0 10K 0 WOOD 6/10/1995 2145 Thunderstorm Windss 0 kts. 0 0 15K 0 WOOD 8/20/1995 1655 Thunderstorm Windss 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 10/1/1995 1810 Thunderstorm Windss 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 1/18/1996 12:15 AM Thunderstorm Winds 60 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 3/5/1996 5:31 PM Hail 0.88 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 3/5/1996 6:12 PM Tornado F0 0 0 0 0 WOOD 3/17/1996 4:30 PM Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/1/1996 12:00 AM Drought N/A 0 0 0 4.0M WOOD 6/18/1996 5:15 PM Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 6/18/1996 5:20 PM Thunderstorm Winds 50 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 7/4/1996 2:35 PM Thunderstorm Winds 65 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 10/21/1996 1:36 PM Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 11/7/1996 2:00 AM Hail 2.75 in. 0 0 4K 0 WOOD 12/16/1996 5:00 AM Winter Storm N/A 0 0 0 0 WOOD 1/6/1997 12:00 PM Ice Storm N/A 0 0 0 0 WOOD 1/14/1997 6:00 AM Ice Storm N/A 0 0 0 0 WOOD 2/12/1997 8:00 AM Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 WOOD 2/20/1997 6:00 PM Flash Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 As of 07/31/2008
Page 203 of 207
NOAA- National
Location or County Date Time Type Mag Dth Inj PrD CrD WOOD 3/2/1997 6:00 AM Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 WOOD 3/2/1997 9:50 AM Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 4/21/1997 11:21 PM Hail 1.25 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 4/21/1997 11:30 PM Hail 4.50 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 4/22/1997 5:20 AM Thunderstorm Winds 60 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 6/13/1997 7:28 PM Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 6/13/1997 7:55 PM Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 6/13/1997 7:55 PM Thunderstorm Winds 75 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 6/13/1997 9:15 PM Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 6/17/1997 1:15 AM Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 6/17/1997 1:35 AM Thunderstorm Winds 60 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 6/17/1997 12:04 AM Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 6/17/1997 12:04 AM Thunderstorm Winds 70 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 7/7/1997 9:00 AM Flash Flood N/A 0 0 1K 0 WOOD 7/7/1997 9:30 AM Flash Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 WOOD 8/6/1997 6:00 PM Thunderstorm Winds 60 kts. 0 0 1K 0 WOOD 10/25/1997 12:31 PM Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 10/25/1997 12:31 PM Thunderstorm Winds 60 kts. 0 0 5K 0 WOOD 1/11/1998 5:15 PM Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 3/7/1998 3:15 AM Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 3/30/1998 9:45 PM Thunderstorm Winds 70 kts. 0 0 25K 0 WOOD 3/30/1998 10:45 PM Thunderstorm Winds 60 kts. 0 0 2K 0 WOOD 3/30/1998 10:45 PM Thunderstorm Winds 60 kts. 0 0 5K 0 WOOD 5/2/1998 10:08 PM Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/2/1998 10:20 PM Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/9/1998 12:20 AM Thunderstorm Winds 60 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 6/1/1998 12:00 AM Drought N/A 0 0 0 150.0M WOOD 6/4/1998 9:35 PM Thunderstorm Winds 56 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 7/1/1998 12:00 AM Drought N/A 0 0 0 0 WOOD 7/12/1998 5:45 PM Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 7/12/1998 5:45 PM Thunderstorm Winds 61 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 8/11/1998 3:10 PM Thunderstorm Winds 52 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 8/11/1998 3:20 PM Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 8/11/1998 3:20 PM Thunderstorm Winds 70 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 10/2/1998 10:05 PM Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 10/2/1998 10:05 PM Thunderstorm Winds 61 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 10/2/1998 10:10 PM Thunderstorm Winds 52 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 11/10/1998 1:30 AM Thunderstorm Winds 52 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 12/22/1998 6:00 PM Ice Storm N/A 0 0 0 0 WOOD 3/2/1999 3:25 PM Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 3/5/1999 6:20 PM Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 3/5/1999 7:15 PM Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 3/8/1999 1:10 PM Thunderstorm Winds 60 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 3/8/1999 12:30 PM Thunderstorm Winds 60 kts. 0 0 0 0 As of 07/31/2008
Page 204 of 207
NOAA- National
Location or County Date Time Type Mag Dth Inj PrD CrD WOOD 3/24/1999 10:20 PM Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 4/3/1999 12:38 PM Thunderstorm Winds 60 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 4/3/1999 12:50 PM Thunderstorm Winds 60 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 4/26/1999 9:20 AM Thunderstorm Winds 60 kts. 0 0 30K 0K WOOD 5/17/1999 4:00 PM Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/17/1999 5:09 PM Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/17/1999 5:30 PM Thunderstorm Winds 60 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/25/1999 8:10 PM Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/25/1999 8:12 PM Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/25/1999 8:55 PM Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 1/26/2000 12:00 PM Ice Storm N/A 0 0 0 0 WOOD 3/10/2000 3:00 PM Hail 0.88 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 3/10/2000 5:20 PM Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 3/29/2000 1:05 AM Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 3/29/2000 1:30 AM Thunderstorm Winds 52 kts. 0 0 10K 0 WOOD 3/29/2000 1:45 AM Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 3/29/2000 1:45 AM Thunderstorm Winds 52 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 4/7/2000 5:30 PM Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 4/7/2000 5:30 PM Thunderstorm Winds 52 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/3/2000 1:10 PM Thunderstorm Winds 65 kts. 0 0 60K 0 WOOD 5/3/2000 1:11 PM Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/12/2000 8:30 PM Thunderstorm Winds 52 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/12/2000 8:40 PM Thunderstorm Winds 52 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/27/2000 6:00 PM Thunderstorm Winds 55 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 6/14/2000 11:05 PM Thunderstorm Winds 52 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 6/15/2000 5:20 AM Flash Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 WOOD 6/15/2000 5:20 AM Flash Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 WOOD 6/19/2000 4:40 PM Thunderstorm Winds 54 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 12/12/2000 8:00 PM Ice Storm N/A 0 0 123.0M 0 WOOD 2/14/2001 1:45 AM Flood N/A 0 0 266K 0 WOOD 2/16/2001 6:20 AM Flash Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 WOOD 2/16/2001 7:15 AM Flood N/A 0 0 12K 0 WOOD 2/27/2001 4:15 AM Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 6/14/2001 8:37 PM Thunderstorm Winds 54 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 6/27/2001 12:13 PM Hail 2.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 12/16/2001 6:05 PM Flash Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/4/2002 7:10 AM Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 8/27/2002 7:40 AM Thunderstorm Winds 53 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 4/23/2003 10:30 PM Thunderstorm Winds 52 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/5/2003 2:30 PM Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/5/2003 9:22 AM Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/6/2003 10:20 PM Thunderstorm Winds 58 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/6/2003 10:45 PM Tornado F2 0 5 330K 0 WOOD 5/16/2003 3:40 PM Hail 2.00 in. 0 0 0 0 As of 07/31/2008
Page 205 of 207
NOAA- National
Location or County Date Time Type Mag Dth Inj PrD CrD WOOD 5/16/2003 4:20 PM Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/16/2003 5:00 PM Thunderstorm Winds 58 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 6/12/2003 2:05 PM Thunderstorm Winds 55 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 2/4/2004 7:00 PM Flash Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 WOOD 3/4/2004 4:15 PM Thunderstorm Winds 56 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 3/4/2004 4:25 PM Thunderstorm Winds 56 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 3/20/2004 9:56 PM Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 4/30/2004 11:30 PM Thunderstorm Winds 56 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/30/2004 7:52 PM Thunderstorm Winds 60 kts. 0 0 10K 0 WOOD 5/30/2004 8:45 PM Lightning N/A 0 0 5K 0 WOOD 6/1/2004 9:05 PM Thunderstorm Winds 55 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 6/1/2004 9:05 PM Thunderstorm Winds 65 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 6/1/2004 9:15 PM Thunderstorm Winds 60 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 6/1/2004 9:43 PM Thunderstorm Winds 53 kts. 0 0 20K 0 WOOD 6/2/2004 7:15 PM Thunderstorm Winds 58 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 6/19/2004 3:45 PM Thunderstorm Winds 56 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 11/23/2004 10:45 AM Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 3/31/2005 6:03 PM Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/25/2005 2:10 PM Thunderstorm Winds 52 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 8/1/2005 12:00 AM Drought N/A 0 0 0 0 WOOD 12/1/2005 12:00 AM Drought N/A 0 0 0 0 WOOD 2/19/2006 5:00 PM Winter Weather/mix N/A 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/14/2006 1:05 AM Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/14/2006 4:45 AM Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/14/2006 12:25 AM Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 5/14/2006 12:55 AM Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 8/23/2006 4:20 PM Thunderstorm Winds 55 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 8/23/2006 4:45 PM Thunderstorm Winds 55 kts. 0 0 0 0 WOOD 1/13/2007 18:05 PM Flash Flood N/A 0 0 0K 0K WOOD 4/3/2007 23:15 PM Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0K 0K WOOD 4/13/2007 20:20 PM Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0K 0K WOOD 4/13/2007 20:25 PM Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0K 0K WOOD 4/13/2007 20:35 PM Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0K 0K WOOD 5/23/2007 19:27 PM Thunderstorm Winds 53 kts. 0 0 0K 0K WOOD 5/23/2007 19:37 PM Hail 0.88 in. 0 0 0K 0K WOOD 5/23/2007 19:37 PM Thunderstorm Winds 53 kts. 0 0 0K 0K WOOD 6/13/2007 15:15 PM Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0K 0K WOOD 6/13/2007 15:15 PM Thunderstorm Winds 52 kts. 0 0 0K 0K WOOD 9/5/2007 10:40 AM Tornado F1 0 0 5K 0K WOOD 3/3/2008 7:00 AM Thunderstorm Winds 54 kts. 0 0 0K 0K WOOD 3/13/2008 22:38 PM Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0K 0K WOOD 3/18/2008 12:09 PM Strong Wind 48 kts. 0 0 25K 0K WOOD 4/10/2008 5:10 AM Thunderstorm Winds 53 kts. 0 0 0K 0K WOOD 5/10/2008 20:35 PM Thunderstorm Winds 56 kts. 0 0 0K 0K As of 07/31/2008
Page 206 of 207
NOAA- National
Location or County Date Time Type Mag Dth Inj PrD CrD WOOD 5/14/2008 9:00 AM Flash Flood N/A 0 0 0K 0K WOOD 5/14/2008 23:50 PM Thunderstorm Winds 87 kts. 0 0 1.0M 0K WOOD 6/17/2008 12:00 PM Thunderstorm Winds 53 kts. 0 0 0K 0K WOOD 6/17/2008 12:20 PM Thunderstorm Winds 53 kts. 0 0 0K 0K WOOD 6/20/2008 16:10 PM Thunderstorm Winds 52 kts. 0 0 0K 0K TOTALS: 4 14 238.244M 154.000M Type Drought Flood & Flash Flood Hail Ice Storm Lightning Strong Wind Thunderstorm Winds Tornado Winter Storm TOTAL As of 07/31/2008
Page 207 of 207
Frequency
5
20
101
6
2
1
132
34
2
303
%
1.7%
6.6%
33.3%
2.0%
0.7%
0.3%
43.6%
11.2%
0.7%
100.0%
NOAA- National

WOOD COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Prepared by

Transcription

Similar documents

Warranty Info

Hertco Express 20-DoorStyles_062013-A.indd

Riddles taken from I Am a Rock

1923 Ford Model T Huckster for Sale

Materials Matter - Fort Street Studio

PDF

www.FirstColorado.com 18205 Highway 285 Nathrop, CO 81236

Terra Plus Technical Data Sheet

Premium Wood Stain Brochure - Rust

BANGKI-OIL