What exercising behaviors are practiced by subpopulations? An

Transcription

What exercising behaviors are practiced by subpopulations? An
An Analysis of Exercising Behavior in Online Populations
David Jurgens, James McCorriston, Derek Ruths
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Introduction and Motivation
Data
Exercise is an important component of health. Previous studies of exercise and health have
been stymied by the lack of accurate records of exercising activities. In our study, we
overcome this limitation by using data from Fitocracy, a gamified workout tracking site that
precisely records users' workout histories using over 1,000 unique exercises and where users
self-report their age, gender, and height. We analyze nearly half a million users' histories to
identify exercising behavior trends and how those behaviors vary by age and gender.
All of a user's activities, profile, social data, and group memberships
on Fitocracy were crawled over a six-month period to acquire the
complete profiles and workout histories of 441,034 users. Ultimately,
188,265 users recorded at least one workout, with the total dataset
comprising 3,130,276 workouts (14.3M activities) over nearly a four
year span from February 2011 to January 2015.
How does exercising behavior vary with age and gender?
Methodology: The activities performed by different age groups provide a insightful view into how exercise behavior changes over time. We divided
users by gender and into seven age ranges. Within each gender-age cohort, we computed the probability that a user in that cohort records each
exercise and then sorted all exercises according to their average probability of being performed. Below, we show the ten exercises that are most likely
to be performed by an individual from each cohort.
Ages 20-25
Walking
Running
Elliptical Trainer
Crunch
Running (treadmill)
Push-Up
Plank
Body Weight Squat
Cycling (stationary)
Stretching
Ages 25-30
Walking
Running
Elliptical Trainer
Running (treadmill)
Push-Up
Plank
Crunch
Body Weight Squat
Cycling (stationary)
Stretching
Ages 30-35
Walking
Running
Elliptical Trainer
Running (treadmill)
Push-Up
Plank
Crunch
Body Weight Squat
Walking (treadmill)
Cycling
Ages 35-40
Walking
Running
Elliptical Trainer
Running (treadmill)
Walking (treadmill)
Push-Up
Body Weight Squat
Plank
Crunch
Cycling (stationary)
Ages 40-50
Walking
Running
Elliptical Trainer
Walking (treadmill)
Running (treadmill)
Push-Up
Plank
Cycling (stationary)
Crunch
Stretching
Ages 50+
Walking
Walking (treadmill)
Running
Elliptical Trainer
Cycling (stationary)
Walked up the stairs
Cycling
Swimming
Running (treadmill)
Push-Up
Push-Up
Barbell Squat
Barbell Bench Press
Running
Barbell Deadlift
Pull-Up
Dumbbell Bicep Curl
Walking
Crunch
Overhead Press
Push-Up
Running
Barbell Squat
Barbell Bench Press
Barbell Deadlift
Pull-Up
Dumbbell Bicep Curl
Walking
Crunch
Sit-Up
Running
Push-Up
Barbell Squat
Barbell Bench Press
Walking
Barbell Deadlift
Pull-Up
Running (treadmill)
Cycling
Dumbbell Bicep Curl
Running
Push-Up
Walking
Barbell Squat
Barbell Bench Press
Running (treadmill)
Cycling
Elliptical Trainer
Barbell Deadlift
Pull-Up
Running
Walking
Push-Up
Running (treadmill)
Cycling
Barbell Bench Press
Elliptical Trainer
Barbell Squat
Cycling (stationary)
Pull-Up
Running
Walking
Push-Up
Cycling
Running (treadmill)
Elliptical Trainer
Cycling (stationary)
Barbell Bench Press
Barbell Squat
Crunch
Walking
Running
Cycling
Push-Up
Elliptical Trainer
Cycling (stationary)
Running (treadmill)
Walking (treadmill)
Light Walking (secondary)
Walked up the stairs
Men
Women
Ages 0-20
Walking
Running
Crunch
Plank
Body Weight Squat
Push-Up
Elliptical Trainer
Running (treadmill)
Jumping Jacks
Sit-Up
Women's exerce selection
focuses on bodyweight
movements and cardio and is
remains largely similar across
age cohorts.
Men's exercise selection initially
focuses on strength training but
then converges with women's
exercise choices.
What exercising behaviors are practiced by subpopulations?
30
40
50
60
20
30
Age
40
Age
50
60
Male
Female
20
30
40
Age
50
60
Male
Female
200
150
100
50
0
20
30
40
Age
50
60
Top Exercises
Plank
Dumbbell Lunges
Dumbbell Side Bend
Exercise Ball Crunch
Standing Dumbbell
Shoulder Press
250
Male
Female
200
150
100
50
0
20
30
40
Age
50
Top Exercises
Stretching
Foam Rolling
Shoulder Dislocation
Other Bodyweight
Band Pull Aparts
Relative Probability Mass
250
Relative Probability Mass
Relative Probability Mass
Our analysis found more behaviors that were practiced by
more women than men, suggesting more nuance in female
exercising habits. The behaviors here are ordered from
mostly-female practiced to mostly-male practiced.
60
300
200
150
100
50
0
20
30
Male
Female
20
30
40
Age
50
60
40
Age
50
60
Top Exercises
Cycling (stationary)
General Insanity
Rowing (machine)
Stair Machine
Walking (treadmill)
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Male
Female
20
30
40
Age
50
60
100
0
20
30
40
Age
50
60
100
50
0
20
30
40
Age
50
60
1000
800
600
400
200
0
20
20
30
40
Age
50
60
350
Male
Female
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
20
30
40
Age
50
60
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Top Exercises
Machine Chest Fly
Machine Ab Crunch
Lat Pulldown
Leg Press
Machine Shoulder Press
Relative Probability Mass
Top Exercises
Cycling
Swimming
Football (US Soccer)
Basketball
Hiking
Relative Probability Mass
Relative Probability Mass
Male
Female
40
Age
50
60
Male
Female
250
200
150
100
50
0
20
30
40
Age
Behavior adoption time changes
by gender: Women most adopt
this behavior in their early 20s,
while men adopt it near 30.
The behavior associated
with CrossFit-like exercises
had an even gender split.
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
30
Top Exercises
Push-Up
Body Weight Squat
Crunch
Plank
Sit-Up
300
Male
Female
20
30
60
Top Exercises
Walking
Walked up the stairs
Light Walking
Yard Work
Other Cardio
60
Top Exercises
Two-Arm Kettlebell Swing
Goblet Squat (kettlebell)
One-Arm Kettlebell Swing
Body Weight Inverted Row
Push-Up
Male
Female
20
30
40
Age
50
40
Age
50
60
Male
Female
20
30
40
Age
50
60
350
Male
Female
20
30
40
Age
50
60
Top Exercises
Dumbbell Bicep Curl
Standing Dumbbell
Shoulder Press
Dumbbell Side Lateral Raise
Dumbbell Bench Press
Dumbbell Flyes
Surprisingly, we found that the proportion of behaviors did
not radically change between age cohorts, which suggests
people find their preferred activities and stick with them as
they grow older.
300
Top Exercises
250
Barbell Squat
200
Barbell Bench Press 150
100
Barbell Deadlift
50
Standing Barbell
0
Shoulder Pres
Bent Over Barbell Row
50
Top Exercises
300
250
Leg Press
200
Lat Pulldown
150
Rowing (machine) 100
Seated Cable Row 50
0
Leg Extensions
Relative Probability Mass
200
150
Male
Female
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Top Exercises
Running (treadmill)
Walking (treadmill)
Boxing
Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu
Muay Thai
Male
Female
20
30
40
Age
50
60
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Top Exercises
Pull-Up
Chin-Up
Push-Up
Dips - Triceps Ver.
Wide-Grip Pull-Up
Relative Probability Mass
300
200
Top Exercises
Burpee
Rowing (machine)
Pull-Up
Front Barbell Squat
Box Jumps
1200
Relative Probability Mass
400
Male
Female
Top Exercises 600
500
Standing Calf Raise
400
Walking
300
Abductor Machine200
Adductor Machine100
0
Glute Kickback
Some behaviors buck
gendered expectations!
Relative Probability Mass
500
Top Exercises
Running
Trail Running
Walking
General P90X
Running (Sprints)
250
Relative Probability Mass
Male
Female
Relative Probability Mass
Relative Probability Mass
Height influences exercise selection: Men and
women practicing the bottom behavior were 1.5in
and 0.34in taller than those for the top behavior!
600
700
Age matters: These two behaviors
were associated with the oldest
individuals on average
Male
Female
250
Top Exercises
Elliptical Trainer
General Yoga
Pilates
Vinyasa
Bikram / Hot Yoga
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Relative Probability Mass
Top Exercises
Bicycle
Crunch
Reverse Crunch
Plank
Russian Twist
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Relative Probability Mass
Male
Female
Relative Probability Mass
20
Top Exercises
Boot Camp
Spinning
Arnold's 1% Circuit
Zumba
Kickboxing
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Relative Probability Mass
Male
Female
Relative Probability Mass
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Relative Probability Mass
Relative Probability Mass
Methodology: To identify the underlying behaviors from people's activities, we train a Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model on users’ exercising data.
We model each individual’s history as a reflection of that person engaging in just a few behaviors, where a behavior selects for certain exercises with
higher frequency. Below, we show the demographics of the population engaging in the behaviors identified from a 20-behavior LDA-model.
Male
Female
20
30
40
Age
50
60
Top Exercises
Incline Dumbbell Bench
Press
Barbell Bench Press
Barbell Incline Bench Press
Dumbbell Side Lateral Raise
Seated Cable Row
Check out our interactive behavior demo at http://networkdynamics.org/resources/exercise

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