PDF 3.13 MB - Advanced Cables and Conductors Program Peer

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High Temperature
g Magnet
g
Superconducting
Possibilities
David Larbalestier
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State
University, Tallahassee FL 32310
Office of Electric Delivery and Energy Reliability
Peer Review
Arlington VA, June 29-July 1, 2010
Special thanks to colleagues at Brookhaven (Ramesh Gupta, Arup Ghosh,
Peter Wanderer)
Wanderer), Fermilab (John Tompkins and Alvin Tollestrup),
Tollestrup) Particle
Beams Inc. (Bob Palmer), AMSC (Bruce Gamble, Alex Malozemoff),
SuperPower (Drew Hazelton, Venkat Selvamanickam), NHMFL (Mark Bird,
Denis Markiewicz, Ulf Trociewitz, Huub Weijers), Zenergy (Larry Masur), GE
(Jim Bray), Joe Minervini (MIT) for sharing information on their plans and
goals for HTS magnets
What is the totally unfair
competitive advantage of HTS?
120
J Jiang (NHMFL)
J.
100
Irreverrsibility Field
d (T)
YBCO has a high Hirr(T),
capability for very high Jc
and very high strength
(Hastelloy versions)
80
60
Bi-2212 RW
YBCO ()
40
MgB2 ()
20
Nb3Sn
0
0
Danko van der Laan, NIST
Slide 2
Bi-2223 ()
Nb-Ti
20
40
T
Temperature
t
(K)
David Larbalestier, DOE HTS Peer Review, June 29, 2010
60
80
High Fields: where are we now?
World’s highest field superconducting magnet – 23.5 T for 1 GHz NMR
(Bruker in Lyon) - ~ 1 m OD Nb-Ti
Nb Ti outer and Nb3Sn inner
World’s highest incremental superconducting field (2.8 T in 31 T =
33.8T) – SuperPower YBCO in NHMFL coil - ~ 3.5 cm OD
Slide 3
Key Points
Magnets come in many sizes, not just big
100 – 1000 m of g
good wire can generate
g
significant fields
These lengths are what industry is
producing now
Today’s conductors have certain lengthvarying
i defects
d f t that
th t need
d fixing
fi i
Small magnets are a wonderful evaluator and
discriminator for the defects
Success with small magnets will generate
demand for many big magnets
Slide 4
HTS insert coil trends
yyear
BA+BHTS=Btotal
[T]
Jave
[A/mm2]
Stress [[MPa]]
JavexBAxRmax
Stress [MPa]
JexBAxRmax
2003
2008
2008
BSCCO
20+5=25 T(tape)
20+2=22 T(wire)
31+1=31 T (wire)
89
92
80
125
69
47
175
109
89
2007
YBCO- SP
19+7.8=26.8 T
259
215
382
2008
YBCO-NHMFL
31+2.8=33.8 T
460
245
324
2009
YBCO -SP
20+7.2=27.2
211
185
314
2009
YBCO-NHMFL
(strain limited)
20+0.1= 20.1
241
392
~611
600
open
p symbols:
y
BSCCO
solid symbols: ReBCO
30
Huub Weijers (NHMFL)
BCF [T]]
peak central magnetic field trend
500
25
300
20
peak winding current
15
10
1990
Slide 5
 39 mm
400
200
Jave [A/mm
m 2]
35
 163 mm
100
1995
0
YBCO SP 2007  87 mm
2000
2005
2010
yearDavid
[-] Larbalestier, DOE HTS Peer Review, June 29, 2010
Bi‐2212 i
 38 mm
YBCO Test Coils vs. 32 T YBCO
Coils
Now funded
SuperPower I.
NHMFL I.
SuperPower II.
NHMFL II.
32 T YBCO Coils
Ulf Trociewitz, H, Weijers, D, Markiewicz (NHMFL), D, Hazelton and V, Selvamanickam
(SuperPower)
Slide 6
Larry Masur
Masur,, Zenergy
In production
Slide 7
In prod
production
ction
Larry Masur
Masur,, Zenergy
Slide 8
Trudy Lehner, SuperPower
Slide 9
Bruce Gamble, AMSC
Planned
Slide 10
Planned
Bruce Gamble, AMSC
Slide 11
Proposal in
M k Bi
Mark
Bird,
d NHMFL
Slide 12
Proposal in
Mark Bird, NHMFL
Slide 13
Proposal in
Slide 14
Ramesh Gupta, BNL
Slide 15
Ramesh Gupta, BNL
The Muon Collider Design Study at
Fermilab
Design exercise in place
50 T solenoids are a crucial feature……
Slide 16
John Tompkins, FNAL
Slide 17
Proposal in
Slide 18
HTS make much higher fusion magnetic
fields accessible………
35
We need to develop
superconducting magnets for
fusion which take advantage
of this fantastic new
operating space
30
25
Field (T
T)
Bi-2212 ( )
20
MgB2 ()
15
YBCO ()
Fusion reactor range
10
5
Nb3Sn
Bi-2223 ()
Nb-Ti
Bi-2212 Tape
0
0
20
40
Temperature (K)
Slide 19
60
80
Vision for postITER DEMO
reactors and
Plasma Physics
machines
Minervini
Old operating space
19
Stellarators using bulk HTS Tiles?
(PPPL and MIT)
Use diamagnetic properties of Bulk Superconducting Tiles to define flux surfaces?
Objectives of concept
•Superconductor material can be used
t shield
to
hi ld magnetic
ti fi
field
ld
•Use superconducting tiles to modify
fields made from relatively simple coils
− Reduced TF coils in tokamaks
− Simplify
p y coil g
geometries for
stellarators
Vision for postITER DEMO
reactors and
Plasma Physics
machines
Minervini
Slide 20
20
YBCO and cryocoolers can serve a
broad, lower-field user magnet
market
10
40
1.000
35
8
1.750
+
2.500
3.250
30
6
5.500
6.250
7 000
7.000
7.750
8.500
4
9.250
10.00
0
1
2
2
3
e
Fi
4
5
ld
la
es
(T
6
7
8
)
9
80
70
60
50
40
p e ra
Tem
30
ture
20
10
(K)
Hirr (Teslla)
4.750
Jc (MA//cm 2)
4.000
25
20
~ 4.66
15
Fit
c-axis
ab-plane
ab
plane
10
5
0
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
Temperature (K)
Jc (YBCO) more than 1 MA/cm2 over
a very wide range, JE ~ 1% Jc
9T magnets
g
at 55K are within reach,,
even using the lower c-axis Jc as the
gate, not the much higher Jcab
Slide 21
Hirr of Nb3Sn – but at 58 K,,
not 2K
HTS for MRI?
Closed (1-3 Tesla) and open (0.3T) MRI magnets both use Nb-Ti with a
transition temperature (Tc) of only 9K, ~-450F.
YBCO could replace Nb
Nb-Ti
Ti but not at present costs
MgB2 is a viable MRI conductor prospect (low cost/performance)
Slide 22
Superconducting magnets are
conductor driven
Better magnets
require all that the
conductor can offer
Multifilament is
better than
monofilament
Nb-Ti
Large magnets
need high current,
cabled conductors
Especially in Jc and Je
Nb3Sn
MgB2
Bi-2212
Bi-2212 Rutherford cables (LBNL)
Slide 23
Two styles of HTS magnet conductor
YBCO with phenomenal Jc - ~20 x 106 A/cm2 at 25T
But YBCO is ~1% of cross-section
50% is high strength superalloy
2 m Ag
1 m HTS
~ 30 nm LMO
p MgO
g
~ 30 nm Homo-epi
20 m Cu
20m
~ 10 nm IBAD MgO
Round wire Bi-2212 – the preferred shape for cabling
YBCO coated
conductor
4 x 0.1 mm
< 0.1 mm
50
50m
H t ll substrate
Hastelloy
b t t
20m Cu
Bi-2212 round
wire ~ 1mm dia.
VHFSMC chose to work on 2212 because:
It is a round wire
ARRA ffunds
d enable
bl a serious,
i
short
h t tterm effort
ff t
YBCO has been well supported by electric utility end use
Slide 24
A LABORATORY-UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY
COLLABORATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MAGNETS
WITH FIELDS > 22 TESLA USING HTS CONDUCTOR
Very High Field Superconducting Magnet Collaboration
(VHFSMC)
September 2009 – August 2011
Principal Investigators
Alvin Tollestrup (Fermilab) and David Larbalestier (National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University)
Representing a collaboration of groups at BNL (Arup
Ghosh),
) FNAL ((Emanuela Barzi and John Tompkins),
p
) FSUNHMFL (Eric Hellstrom and Ulf Trociewitz), LANL (Terry
Holesinger and Ken Marken), LBNL (Arno Godeke and Dan
Dietderich), NIST (Najib Cheggour), NCSU (Justin Schwartz)
and Texas A&M University (Al McInturff)
Ro nd ire m
Round-wire,
multifilament
ltifilament Bi
Bi-2212
2212 focus
foc s to complement OEDER YBCO
coated conductor focus
Slide 25
How did the world’s commodity
conductor Nb-Ti
Nb Ti develop?
18000
into production about 1965
Optimized fitfully as Nb44-50wt%Ti
until mid-70s
Tevatron established Nb46.5Ti as
standard, requiring ongoing industry
demand from multiple vendors
This focused attention on the “black
p
of Nb-Ti
art” optimization
Development of high Jc and Je
came from HEP support for basic
understanding in the early 1980s
Understanding
g that -Ti p
precipitates,
p
,
not dislocation cell wall density
controlled Jc and that local Ti
variations in the cast billets on scales
of mm controlled and the Jc after
drawing down to nm scale in real wires
Full development took about 20
years (1965-1985)
Critic
cal Current Density, A/mm
m²
1st
2003
16000
14000
1996
12000
1994
10000
1991
8000
6000
1986
4000
1985
1980
2000
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11
Applied Field, T
Development to the limits took an integrated focus on both fundamental and
production issues with magnet project pull
Slide 26
Cables allow large magnets
Rutherford cable (flattened, fully
transposed cable) works well for round
wire 2212
YBCO Roebel – Nick Long (IRL)
and Andrew Priest (General Cable
NZ) and E Barzi (FNAL)
Major task of the HEP collaboration
YBCO tape cannot be Rutherford cabled
but cabling by the Roebel method is
possible
Under evaluation by
y Karlsruhe and
General Cable and IRL (NZ)
Bi-2212
Arno Godeke, Magnet Group, LBNL
Slide 27
Summary
HTS conductors, especially YBCO, can enable magnets
impossible with Nb-Ti or Nb3Sn
G t conductor
Greater
d t architecture
hit t
versatility
tilit would
ld really
ll
help
Prefer a conductor that can be cabled
Prefer a multifilament, transposed conductor
Cheaper conductor opens many new doors
U i
Unique
applications
li ti
are much
h less
l
costt sensitive
iti
Magnets come in many sizes
Can use p
present conductors and provide
p
early
y feedback to
required QC and product tolerance issues that are so important
to yield, cost…..
Uniformity
y and p
predictability
y are of high
g importance
p
Of interest to multiple arms of DOE, NSF and industry…………
Slide 28

PDF 3.13 MB - Advanced Cables and Conductors Program Peer

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