doc1849 Act - The Collectors Club
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1849 Act - The Collectors Club
Victoria’s Early Foreign Routes Victoria in Hobson’s Bay, Capt. Thomas Robertson John Barwis, 2010 Plan • • • • • • • Origin of Victoria Summary of maritime routes All sea route via Cape Horn All sea route via Cape of Good Hope Overland routes via Suez Via Singapore and/or India Transpacific routes Port Phillip District NSW, 1836 Royal Geographical Society London, 1837 Selected Shipping Lanes, Pre 1866 Melbourne Sailings to Foreign Ports 800 700 600 500 v. N & S Am., Pacific Ports v. Guam, Manila, China 400 v. India v. Indon, Ceylon, Suez 300 v. Cape of Good Hope v. Cape Horn 200 100 0 Contracts: Toulmin ARM P&O GSS Steam E&A Clippers P&O Steam Via Cape Horn Non-Contract Sailing Ship Melbourne to London Direct 18 May 1841 161 days Platina: Melbourne 18 May, London 25 Oct Paid in Melbourne: ship letter 3d Due in London: ship letter 8d 1838 Act Via Cape Horn Non-Contract Sailing Ship London to Melbourne Direct 11 December 1844 169 days William Stoveld: London 31 Dec, Melbourne 28 May Paid in Liverpool: ship letter 8d Due in Melbourne: ship letter 3d 1838 Act Via Cape Horn Non-Contract Sailing Ship Melbourne to Scotland via Sydney 30 November 1844 214 days Lanchester: Sydney 2 January, London 30 Jun Paid in Melbourne: 1/3 inland to Sydney + 3d ship letter = 1/6 Due in Edinburgh: 8d ship letter + 1d inland = 9d 1838 Act Via Cape Horn Non-Contract Sailing Ship Geelong to Scotland via Melbourne 8 February 1845 145 days Royal George: Melbourne 14 Feb, Leith 2 Jul Paid in Melbourne: 4d steamer + 3d ship letter = 7d Due in Leith: ship letter 8d 1838 Act Via Cape Horn British Contract Sailing Ship The Toulmin Packets, 1844-1849 14 November 1848 166 days Sir Edward Paget: Sydney 12 Dec, Gravesend 27 Apr Paid in Melbourne: 3d ship + 1/3 inland = 1/6 Due in Edinburgh: packet letter 1/Melbourne – Sydney – Gravesend – London – Edinburgh 1838 Act Via Cape Horn Non-Contract Sailing Ship 1850 Inland-Rate Reduction 15 October 1850 156 days Thomas Lowry: Melbourne 18 Nov, London 19 Mar Paid in Seymour: inland 2d + ship letter 3d = 5d Due in London: ship letter 8d 1849 Act Via Cape Horn Non-Contract Sailing Ship + Br. Pkt. Per United States – British Treaty 25 January 1851 131 days Lysander, Melbourne 28 Jan, London 22 May Asia: Liverpool 25 May, New York 4 Jun Paid in Melbourne: ship letter 3d London debit to U.S.: ship letter 8d + transatlantic packet 8d = 32¢ Due in Missouri: 32¢ debit + 5¢ inland = 37¢ Melbourne – London – Liverpool – New York – Glasgow, Mo. 1849 Act Via Cape Horn The Clipper Ship Era Black Ball Line Marco Polo, oil by Capt. Thomas Robertson, ca. 1858 The fastest ship ever built when launched in 1852 by Donald McKay of Boston Via Cape Horn British Contract Clipper Ship First Contract-Clipper Voyage 9 March 1855 73 days Black Ball James Baines: Melbourne 11 Mar, Liverpool 20 May Paid in Melbourne: ship letter 1s x 4 = 4/Due in Birmingham: ship letter 6d x 4 = 2/1854 Act Via Cape Horn British Contract Clipper Ship British Retaliatory Rate 9 April 1855 81 days Black Ball Lightning: Melbourne 11 Apr, Liverpool 30 Jun Paid in Melbourne: ship letter = 1/Due in London: retaliatory rate = 1/1854 Act Via Cape Horn British Contract Clipper Ship Adopting the Uniform Rate: British Contract 1 April 1856 107 days White Star Earl of Sefton: Melbourne 26 Apr, Liverpool 16 Jul Paid in Melbourne: 6d Credit to U.K.: 5d 1855 Act Via Cape Horn Colonial Contract Clipper Ship Adopting the Uniform Rate: Colonial Contract 4 July 1856 101 days Black Ball Champion of the Seas: Melbourne 13 Jul, Liverpool 12 Oct Paid in Melbourne: 6d Credit to U.K.: 1d 1855 Act Via Cape of Good Hope British Contract Steamship Australian Royal Mail Steam Navigation Co. 21 September 1852 114 days Australian: Melbourne 28 Sep, Plymouth 11 Jan Paid in Melbourne: 2d inland + 3d ship = 5d Due in London: packet letter 1/Contract’s maiden voyage 1849 Act Via Cape of Good Hope Non-Contract Steamship Australian Royal Mail Steam Navigation Co. 6 December 1852 101 days Sydney: Melbourne 11 Dec, Plymouth 16 Mar Paid in Melbourne: ship letter 3d Due in Shropshire: packet letter 1/1849 Act Via Cape of Good Hope British Contract Steamship General Screw Steam Shipping Co. 19 August 1853 72 days Argo: Melbourne 24 Aug, Plymouth 27 Oct Paid in Melbourne: ship-letter double, 3d x 2 = 6d London forwarded unpaid under 1843 British-French Treaty, triple rate Due in Basel: 130 rappen x 3 = 390 Melbourne – Plymouth – London – Calais – Paris – Basel 1849 Act Via Cape of Good Hope British Contract Steamship General Screw Steam Shipping Co. 11 November 1854 78 days Calcutta: Melbourne 12 Nov, Plymouth 28 Jan Paid in Melbourne: ship letter 1/Due in London: ship letter 6d No colonial credit to UK, so London rated as ship letter 1854 Act Via Cape of Good Hope Non-Contract Sailing Ship Geelong to Cape Colony via Melbourne 6 January 1854 67 days Andromeda: Melbourne 8 Jan, Cape Town 15 Mar Paid in Geelong: 2d inland + 3d ship letter = 5d Due in Petersberg: 4d ship letter + 8d inland = 1/1849 Act Overland via Suez & Marseilles British Contract Steamship P&O: From the Gold District to Massachusetts 9 September 1853 128 days Shanghai: Melbourne 27 Sep, Galle 31 Oct Paid in McIvor: 2d inland + 3d ship = 5d London debit to U.S.: 44¢ via France + 16¢ transatlantic = 60¢ Due in Chicopee Falls: 5¢ inland + 60¢ debit = 65¢ Melbourne – Galle – Suez – Alex – Marseilles – London – Liverpool – Boston 1849 Act Overland via Suez & Trieste British & Austrian Contract Steamships P&O to Suez, Austrian Lloyd to Trieste 28 January 1854 64 days Madras: Melbourne 30 Jan, Galle 23 Feb Paid in Melbourne: ship letter 3d Due in Carnarvon: treaty rate from Alexandria by Prussian closed mail = 1/Melbourne – Suez – Alexandria – Trieste – Aachen – Ostende – London 1849 Act Overland via Suez & Southampton British & U.S. Contract Steamships P&O: California via Liverpool & New York ~14 February 1859 100 days Salsette: Melbourne 15 Feb, Suez 27 Mar Pera: Alexandria 29 Mar, Southampton 9 Apr City of Washington: Liverpool 13 Apr, New York 25 Apr Paid in Melbourne: 1/9 (20½d fully prepaid rate) London credited U.S. 1/2½ (29¢ = 3¢ UK inland,16¢ packet, 10¢ US inland) Melbourne – Suez – Alex – Southampton – Liverpool – NY – Panama – SF 1855 Act Via Singapore Non-Contract Steamship P&O, Pre-Contract Experimental Voyage 2 January 1853 Chusan: Melbourne 3 Jan, Singapore 4 Feb Bombay: Manila 20 Feb 50 days Manila rated 2 reales due 1849 Act Via Singapore Non-Contract Steamship To the Far East Mails Bound for Suez 16 February 1856 50 days Hellespont: Melbourne 18 Feb, Singapore 16 Mar P&O steamers to Suez & Marseilles; London 28 Apr Paid in Melbourne: via Galle & Marseilles (¼ - ½ oz) = 1/4 Due in Leamington: “India letter” = 4d 1855 Act Via India Non-Contract Sailing Ship From Bombay, via Calcutta and Sydney 16 January 1841 233 days Calcutta 27 Jan, Sydney 4 Sep, Melbourne 6 Sep Sent unpaid, overland to Calcutta Due in Melbourne: 3d ship letter + 1/3 inland= 1/6 1838 Act Via India Non-Contract Sailing Ship To the Far East Mails at Bombay 21 September 1851 259 days Troubadour: Melbourne 4 Oct, Bombay, arr. unk. Acbar: 3 May to Suez; Medina: Alex. to S’hampton, arr. 5 Jun Paid in Melbourne: 2d inland + 3d ship letter = 5d Due in London: 1/- packet letter + 4d India letter = 1/4 Melbourne – Bombay – Suez – Alexandria – Southampton 1849 Act Via Panama Non-Contract Sailing Ship + RMSPC Delayed in Callao 20 July 1853 149 days Woodstock: Melbourne 20 Jul, Callao 17 Sep Bogota: Callao 12 Nov, Panama 20 Nov Paid in Melbourne: ship letter = 3d Due in London: packet letter from Panama = 2/Melbourne – Callao – Panama – Chagres – St. Thomas – Southampton 1849 Act Via Panama Non-Contract Sailing Ship + RMSPC First Transpacific Mail by Steamship 5 May 1854 73 days Golden Age: Melbourne 5 May, Panama 19 Jun Dee: Chagres 23 Jun; Magdalena: St. Thomas 2 Jul Paid in Melbourne: ship letter = 1/Due in London: packet letter from Panama = 2/Melbourne – Sydney – Tahiti – Panama – Chagres – St. Thomas – S’hampton 1854 Act Via Panama Non-Contract Sailing Ship + RMSPC First Transpacific Mail by Steamship 5 May 1854 75 days Golden Age: Melbourne 5 May, Panama 19 Jun Paid in Melbourne: ship letter = 1/Rated in London: 2/- packet letter + 4d transit to NL = 2/4 Due in Amsterdam: 160 Dutch cents 1854 Act Via Cape Horn Non-Contract Sailing Ship Too Late For Golden Age 5 May 1854 120 days Essex: Melbourne 7 May, Falmouth 1 Sep Paid in Melbourne: ship letter = 1/Due in London: ship letter = 8d 45 days longer than via Panama 1854 Act Via Panama Non-Contract Sailing Ship + PMSNC + PMSC Delayed in Callao 23 August 1858 129 days Caspian: Melbourne 26 Aug, Callao 14 Oct Unknown ship to San Francisco Paid in Melbourne: to destination via Southampton = 20.5d Due in Columbia: ship letter = 20¢ Melbourne – Callao – Panama – San Francisco 1854 Act Suez 1850, unsigned watercolor