MECC_A-196_Fraction_Munchers

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FractionMunchers
No. A-196
Instmctional Computing Courseware
for Appleo II SerieisCofrputers
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Fraction
Munchers
Instructional Computing Courseware
for Apple@II SeriesComputers
,
This manualis compatible
wltn
the Fraction Munchers drsk
Version i.x
MECC warrants that it will, at its option, repair, replace,or return
the purchaseprice of anyproductfound by MECC to be defective
in quality or for any other reason,andwhich is returnedto MECC,
postagepaid. This warranty replacesand supersedesall other
warrantiesstatedor implied, including any warranty of design,
merchantability, or fitness for a particuiar purposeor use. MECC
will not be iiable for any incidentai, special,or consequential
damagesresulting from any useof or defectsin the product.
O MECC
6160SummitDrive North
Minnesota55430-4003
Minneapolis,
ISBN 0-87490-410-2
August1987
LatestPrinting:February1992
This softwareandmanualmaynot becopiedor
Copyright@ 1987by MECC.All rightsreserved.
uansferredto anothermediumexceptas permittedby U.S. CopyrightLaw or as authorizedby
nademarkof AppleComputer,Incis a registered
MECC.Apple@
Library of CongressCataloging-in-Publication
Data
Fractionmunchers[computerfile]. -- Version 1.0.
1 computerdisk : sd.,col. ; 5 Il4 in. + manual.
Systemrequiremens:Apple II series;128K;DOS 3.3;
BASIC; 1 disk drive; monochromeor color monitor.
Title from title screen.
Edition statementfrom disk label.
Copy protected.
Audience: Grade3-Adult.
Issuedaisoon 3 Il2 n. computerdisk.
Summary: Four educationalgameschallengestudentsto race
their Fraction Munchersin searchof equivalent,non-equivalent,
proper, improper,reduced,and other types of fractions while
avoiding their foes, the Troggles.
Contents: Fractiontypes -- Equivalent fractions-- Comparing
fractions-- [etc.]
"A-I96"--Disklabel.
1. Fractions--Juvenile
software. [ 1. Fractions--Software]
I. MinnesotaEducationalComputing Corporation.
87-18022
513',.26
QA117.F69 1987
ISBN 0-87490-410-2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction...............
.........
1
Program
Fraction Munchers
Description
LearningObjectives
ProgramPreview
General
Information...............
Characters
ControllingtheFractionMuncher
Contentof theGames
Types........
Fraction
Fractions
Equivalent
Fractions
Comparing
Expressions................
Fraction
Scoring
Levelsof Play
Orderof Key Values
Pausing
withintheGame
EndingtheGame
Hall of Fame
AdditionalGraphics
Usein anInstructional
Senin9...............
Preparation
UsingtheProgram
Management
Options
ModifyGameSettings
ModifyDenominator
Settings
Restore
OriginalSettings
EraseHall of Fame
..........:.......
.............2
.................2
.....................3
..............3
........4
.......5
........5
........................5
......................5
.....................6
........................6
.............6
....................7
..........7
.....................7
........--.....7
......................7
...........8
................9
...................9
.......9
.......10
.................10
.....13
.............13
......................
13
StudentHandouts
Appendices
A. C r e d i ts
..................18
INTRO D U CTION
Welcometo Fraction Muncherst
Fraction Munchers focusesupon severaldifferentbut compleqlenta{ymathematicalskills
involving fractions. Using a garneformqt,you direct the.FractionMuncher to "eat" numben or
riaftotrai expressionsthaimitch a criterionor a "key y49:." If you munch anincorrectnumber
oi expression,you lose a muncher.You must alsoavoid "Troggles,"creatutesthat love to catch
and devourFractionMunchers.
Four differentFraction Munchers gamescanbe played:
Object
Game
Fraction Types
to identifydifferenttypesof fractionalnumbers
EquivalentFractions
to identify fractionsequivalentto a key value
Comparing Fractions
to comparethe sizesof various fractional values
FractionExpressions to identify expressionsthat resultin a numberequalto a key value
ManagementOptionsenabley9u to -selectwhich gamesstudentsmay use,to setgame
pr.-?t.tr, und to erasethe'Hall of Fame" Iists.-Tousethe ManagementOptions,press
'Control-a (nota oo*n the Control Key and pressthe A Key) when the main menuis displayed.
The soundeffectsin F raction Munchers serveto motivateplayers,provide them with
Gabact abouttheir performance,and warn them when a Troggleis aboutto.entera game
screen. Soundmay be turnedon andoff during the gameby pressingControl-S'
(eppl9 ll2,l(, otJI::) wit\at least ^
Fraction Munchers requiresan Apple II seriescomprrter.
*.*oty. Not" that this soit*ate will not work with an Apple II or rI Plus.) The useof
lzsK
gafli:o'rti.f"i is optional,tut ttreuseof otherinput devicesthat alsoconnectto the Apple's
aIJ
you
If
arg.ys.ing
4pp1eIIos'
Dorr(suchas gamepuootesor graphicpads)'isnor recorlmended.
i"i, riiv it;a:;;il
the control panel.
setto "normal"throughtheuseof
speed
to piuyfi" !*.i withthesystem
D ESC R IPT ION
Fraction Munchers is an educationalgamethat reinforcesmathematicsconceptsfor students
of any agefrom Grade3 on up. The object of the gameis to direct the FractionMuncher to eat
numbersor mathematicalexpressionsthat matcha key valuedisplayedat the top of the game
screen.If a Muncher eatsan incorrectnumberor expressionor if a Muncher is caughtby a
Troggle,then the Muncher is lost.
CurriculumArea:
Mathematics
Subject:
Arithmetic
Topic:
Fractions
Type:
GradeRange:
ClassroomUse:
EducationalGame
3 - Adult
Individual
LEARNIN G OB JE CTIV E S
After using this courseware,the studentwill havepracticed:
.
identifying proper fractions, improper fractions, mixed numbers,and whole numbers;
.
identifying the numeratorand denominatorin fractions;
.
determininewhethera fraction is reducedto lowestterms:
.
identifyingequivalentfractions;
.
comparing the size of fractions;
.
evaluatingsimpleexpressionsinvolving fractions.
PRO GRAM P RE V IE W
Ge n e r a l In formation
The object of Fraction Munchers is to direct your FractionMuncher to "eat" appropriate
numbersor fractionalexpressions.Figure I showsa typical gamescreenfrom the Equivalent
Fractionsgame. Each time you successfullyclearthe screenof all the targetvalues,the game
advancesto the next level, with a differentkey value and a new setof targetsand distractors.
K e y v a lue
Game level
T ro g g le
Target value
(inthis case,
a fraction
equivalent
to
the key value)
Distractor
(inthiscase,
a fractionnol
equivalent
to
thekey
value)
Fraction
Muncher
Safe zone
Remaining
Munchers
Current
Scor e
Figure1
You may find it helpful to refer to Figure i as you readmore aboutFraction Munchers on the
next few pages.
P R O G R A M P R E V IE W (co n ti n u ed)
Characters
Six differentcharacters
areusedin Fraction Munchers-{ne FractionMuncherandfive
varietiesof Troggies.The characters
anda descriptionof their behaviorfollows:
You start the gamewith four Fraction Munchers
(threein reserveand one on the g;rmescreen).You
may earn one additional Muncher if your score
reaches1,000points and anotherat 10,000points.
Fraction Munchers are under your control. This
meansthat you choosethe direction in which the
Fraction Muncher moves and you determinewhen
it will eat a numberor expression(target). If the
targeteatenmatchesthe key valuedisplayedat the
top of the gamescreen)then you earnpoints.
Fr a cti on M unchers
(Munchicusfracticus)
Reggiesare the most common speciesof Troggle.
Thesecreaturestravel in straight lines. When
Reggiesenter cells containing a number or
expression,they eat it and leave anothertarget or
distractorin its place.
Reggies
(Trcgglusnormalus)
Helpers
(Trcgglus
assisrus)
@
Workers behavein a mannersimiiar to Reggies
except,when they entercells, they alwaysleavea
numberor expressionbehindwhetherthe celis
originally containedanything or not. Like Helpers,
their movementsare random.
Workers
(Troggluslaborus)
Ba s h f u l s
(Trogglustimidus)
Sm a r t i e s
(Trcgglussmarticus)
Helpersbehavein a mannersimiiar to Reggies
except,when they entercells containinga number
or expression,they will eatit but not leave
anythingin its place. Uniike Reggies,Heipers
move in random directions.
ffi
ffi
Bashfulsbehavein a mannersimilar to Reggies
exceptthey tend to avoid contactwith Munchers.
Otherwise,their movementsare random.
Smartiestravel in an unpredictablepattern until
they get closeto the Muncher. Then they will
"home in" on the Muncher and nryto catchit.
They haveno effect on the contentsof cells.
PRO GRAM P RE V IE W (continued )
Co n tr ollin g the Fraction Muncher
You move the Fraction Muncher by using a joystick or the computerkeyboard. If you chooseto
usethe keyboard,the following keys may be used:
t
e
@@
@@g@
t
@
@
+
@
+
(A:row Keys)
Pressingthe SpaceBar or the joystick's fire button wiil make the Muncher eat the number or
expressionin the cell it is in.
C on ten t o f the Games
Four gamesare availablein Fraction Munchers: FractionTypes,EquivalentFractions,
ComparingFractions,and FractionsExpressions.
FractionTypes. The object of Fraction Types (Figure 2) is to direct the Fraction
Muncher to eat numbersof the type displayedat the top of the game screen.
ManagementOptions(seepage 10) permit you to controi studentaccessto the game,
the typesof numbersseen,and the denominatorsused'
EquivalentFractions. The object of Equivalent Fractions (Figure 3) is to direct the
Frlcdon Muncher to eat fractions that are equivalentto the key value. The
ManagementOptions(seepage 10) may be usedto control studentaccessto the game
and the denominatorsused.
llixed
Lev el
I
Nuabers
e]
rf,
t!
l2
I
eI
I
l6
^1
oz
r =-
7
rft
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rr:{!:l!,,
6
E
t5
24
;;i;,;;i,
,1iltr,fi,.
tll,,
fiitit
2l
3()
t
il
+
,rr:rllrli,
1't
lo
1,"
2
.l
6
7
T
3b
tt',lf'fi
F i g u re2
3
6
Esuiualent to
9
24
?l
24
+
3
2
z7
T
,""1t"
',nf.
il
3
30
t2
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5
2
5
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fi
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ci
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2
6
9
5d
ll' ililll
3
Figure
PRO GRAM P RE V IE W (continued )
C on ten t of the Games (continued)
ComparingFractiors. The objectof ComparingFractionsfigure 4) is to direct
the FractionMuncherto eatfractionsthat arelessthan l lz or greaterthan 1/2.
ManagementOptionsmay be usedto control studentaccessto this game,the
comparisonsallowed,and the denominatorsused.
Fracion Expressions.The object of FractionExpressions(Figure5) is to direct
the Muncher to 9a! expressionsthat,when solved,equalthe key value. For example,
if the key valueis 1lz,thenthe following expressions
would be valid targets:lla + rla;
sls- lla;? xlla; and 1 + 2. Management
Optionspermityou to controlsiudentaccess
to this gameand the denominatorsusedin the key values. You may also usethe
ManagementOptionsto control the arithmeticoperationsthat are used(addition,
subtraction,multiplication,and division). Any combinationof thesefour operations
may be used.
Level'
Equal to
i---1 " i r x * l4 x *
:lii
r-t
I
I
i t - f l r +r
i . . . . . . _ " - . . t . . . . .l.-.
-1t
+
:::::i:t:t:t::.::l:::1................,
,rlliiifi,
L x=-I
rlir,fiilt
i
ls
r"
" i rt'',".![' [,i
15i
ll
1 +2 l 1 +3 1
il
il
i " -l"''"""'i
II z ' l o l34r
l*1 *'I
J,
lJ
i - t- - - i ;
l4*l I;+o
5- o 1i,ill|llliltri
'
r "- '- "- t"- ..- ..
l l - .i r
|
.l l |l l t,.'
.
l-l
2'+ i
;,+l --iI
I _ ......_ ........t.,,,.. .......
z
,i- - i
lJ
r
ii-o ,
S c or
Figure4
rl
i
|l l +2
..;F
;i
i
Figure5
Scor in g
Points areearnedwheneverthe FractionMuncher eatsa correctnumberor expression(target).
The value of the numberor expressionis dependentupon the level of the game:
L e ve l
Point Value of Tar gets
1 -3
A
5
6
I
8
9
10
11
1 2 -1 8
19+
10
l)
20
25
JU
J)
40
45
50
75
PRO GRAM P RE V IE W (continue d )
L e ve ls of P lay
When 1 game screenhas beenclearedof all the targets,the screenis erasedand a new level of
play is begun. The current level of play is indicated in the box in the upper left comer of the
screen.
The contentof any level of play is more difficult than that of the level immediatelybefore. The
mechanicalaspectso-ftl," gape alsobecomeprogressivelymore difficult. Factori that may
changebetweenlevelsinclude:
.
the maximumnumberof Troggleson the screenat once;
.
the typesof Troggles;
.
the speedof the Troggles;
'
the number of safe zones(cells that the Fraction Muncher may enter but that Troggies
may not); and
.
the point valueper target.
O r de r of K ey V alues
Each level of play presentsa new key value and a new setof numbersor expressionsto munch.
The key valuesare randomlyselectedfrom the setof allowedvalues. The valuesallowed
dependon which denominatorshave beenturned on through the ManagementOptions.
Pa u sin g within the Game
You may call "time.outald freezethe game by.pressingthe ? Key. To resumeplay, simply
pressthe ? Key again. Each time you pause,points equal to thoseawardedfor cbrrLctly ' munching a taxgetare deductedfrom your score.
En d in g the Game
Play endswheneverthe last FractionMuncher is lost or when you pressthe Escape@sc) Key.
H all o f Fame
Fraction Munchers maintainsa list of the ten highestscoresfor eachgameand the namesof
thosewho achievedthem. If your scoreis greaterthan the lowestscoreon the list, then you will
be given a chanceto addyour nameto the list. You may usethe ManagementOptions(see
page 13) to eraseentriesin the Hall of Fame.
PRO GRAM RE V IE W (continued)
Add iti on a l Graphics
After studentshavesuccessfullycompletedthreelevelsof play, a brief "graphic interiude"is
dispiayed @igures6 and 7) for motivational purposes. Other such interiudesappearafter every
three additional levels of play. There are six different interiudesincluded in this package,eachof
which focusesupon a "memorableperformanceat the Muncher Olympiad."
Sta a '
il
ll';;tlll1i""
ffi
lnllT:
llfil:lj[|
Figure6
Figure
7
The six eventsfeaturedin theseinteriudesare long jump, shot put" high diving, figure skating,
weight lifting, and the awardsceremony. The awardsceremonyfeaturesa fireworks dispiay and
is only seenafter 18 levelsof successfulplay.
USE IN AN INS TRUCTIONA L SE T T I NG
Preparation
Use the ManagementOptions (seepage 10) to setup the gamesyou want studentsto usewhile
playing F raction Munchers. For example,if you want studentsto drill on equivalentfractions
and do not want them to useany of the othergamesin F raction Munchers, the Management
Options screencan be set to look like Figure 8. For studentsneedingpractice on addition and
subtractionof fractionalexpressions,
setup the ManagementOptionsscreenso that it looks like
Fieure 9.
ttodif rj Gane Settings
?{odifs
Ga1e .
l On/,gff.l .Other Settingq
Frac. Types I Off
I I of I t,Jpes
Gatre..
..
E eualF r a c . j Gi l
Cor,rparins Off
Exqlgsslonl i ofl
Equ:l
Ignaqff l..other.Sgtt,inss-....
.. .
On
j I
i
On
i
I
on
] (, )
Frac. Tgpes
I
i
iL (, )
*: -_:
l:. !
-,
Frac.
coaparins
Gane Settings
of
I
tgpes
E : lr - ' : : 9 1 : lq 1 I -
[Jse arrolrs to nove, Space Bar
E s c a p e , h a n a g e n e n t 0 Ptio n s
Use arrous to nove, Space Bar to
Escape. ilanage;rent 0ptions
change-
Figure9
Figure8
Usin g the P rogram
While studentsare flrst learning the game,it may be helpful for them to work in pairs. This will
allow one studentto work on masteringthe gamewhile anotherfinds the correct targets.
Eventually, however,you will want studentsto have the opportunity for extendedindividual play.
You might want to consideraFraction Munchers tournamentwith prizes awardedto players
with the bestscores,the most improvedplayer,and so on. Handout 1, "Muncher Award
Certificate," may also be usedfor the winners. Alternatively, you may want to deciarethe entire
classwinnersand awardeachstudenta certificate.
Handout2, "A Note to Palents,"hasalsobeenprovided. You may wish to sendit homewith
studentsto inform their parentsaboutthe useof F raction Munchers.
9
M AN AG EM E NT OP TIONS
ManagementOptions allow you to determinewhich gamesstudentscan play and to make
adjusrnentsto the educationalcontentof eachgame. You may alsorestorethe original game
settingsand eraseindividual Hatl of Famelists. To accessthe ManagementOptions,press
Control-A when the main menu is displayed(Figure 10). Cfo pressControl-A, hold down the
Control Key while pressingthe A Key). The ManagementOptions menu screenwill then appear
(Figure1i).
ilanagenent
Options
rffi
Uge anrous
lroue,
to
Press
2.
hodifs
Denoninaton
3.
R estore
4.
E nase H al l of
Ori gi nal
Use arnous to noveEscape' llain l'lenu
Return-
Settings
S etti ngs
Fane
Press
Return.
11
Figure
F i g u re1 0
M o d ify Ga me S ettings
To check or modify the current game settings,chooseOption 1 from the ManagementOptions
menu Gigure 12) andpressReturn. The gamesettingsscreenis thendisplayed@igure 13).
To modify a setting, use the Arrow Keys to highlight the settingyou wish to modify and press
Return.
llanagenent
Options
llodifg
Gane Settings
r .@
2.
l'lodifg
Oenoninaton
3.
R e s t or e
4.
E r a s e Ha ll o f
Br ig in a l
U s e a n n o u s to r o u e .
Escape, l'lain l{enu
Settings
Se ttin g s
Fane
Pn e ss Re tu r n .
Use arnor.rs to noue, Space Bar to
Escape' |lanagenent
Options
Fi gure13
F i g u re1 2
10
change.
OP TIONS (cont in u e d )
M ANAGEME NT
M o d ifl ' Game S ettings (continued )
The gamesavailablein Fraction Munchers are listedvertically in the coiumn on the left. To
the right of eachgameis informationaboutits currentsettings.
The "On/Off' column indicateswhetherstudentsare allowedto play a particulargame. If more
than one gameis marked"On," then studentswill be given a choiceof gamesto play. To modify
this setting,usethe Arrow Keys to highiight the settingyou wish to modify and pressthe Space
Bar. For example,with the on/off swirchessetas shownin Figure 14, the studentwill seethe
menu screenshown in Fieure 15.
tlodifg Gane Settings
E c u a l F r a c,
r liilFllllRlllflEEll
ll
|
0n
I
conpaning I IIn
Exere;;ionJ I orr
| <, )
I *, :,. i:. !
Use annor.rs to nove, Space Bar to
Escape' llanagenent
Options
gaae r,rould
l'lhich Fraction
llunchers
sou l i ke to pl ag?
Gi.!e
I Ot/Offl othqt sgltfngs
Frac, Tgpes I On
| 8 of 8 tgpes
2.
E qui val ent
3.
Let
the
Fracti ons
C onputer
D eci de
change.
Use arror.rs to
F i g u re1 4
nove,
Press
Return.
Figure15
The "Other Settings" coiumn for Fraction Typesallows you to regulatethe types of numbersthat
are usedas key values. When you selectthis option, a list of the eight typesavailableappears
figure 16). The types marked with a check mark are the onesthat will be used. Whiie the
messagethat appearsin the "Other Settings"columndoesnot indicatethe exacttypesbeing
used,it will tell how many of the eight typesare in usefigure 17).
F r a ctio n
Glne
Frac. Tgpes
E q u a l F r a c.
Coaparing
E x p n e s s i o ns
Tgpes
l todi fg
Gene.. .
Onz0ffl other Settings .
0n
iSof Bt v ees
Frac. Tgpes
onl
on
on
E qual Frac.
C onpari ng
l < ,>
* , -,
1: ',
',
Expressions
Gane S etti ngs
O"aOr| OttrenSettings
on lGfifrilIllil
onl
I
on l < ,)
On
I
l +,- ,x ,2
O p t i o n s c he cke d ( r ,/) ttill b e u se d ,
Pnopers
'/
Inpcopers
'/
Giuen l{unerator
llixed
'/
,/
Given Oenoninator
I'lholes
'/
U s e a n c o u s L o .to ve , Sp a ce g ir
E s c a p e , H o d ifs Ga a e Se ttin g s
U se anrous to 6oue, S pace 8ar
Escape' l1anagenent 0ptions
to a n .n g.
Figure17
F i g u re1 6
11
to
change
OP TIONS (cont in u e d )
M ANAGEME NT
M o d ify Game S ettings (continued )
The "Other Settings"column in ComparingFractionsallows you to determinewhich
mathematicalcomparisonsare used. The two types aliowed are "less than rlz" and "greater than
1/2"(Figure 18). A typical gamescreenis shownin Figure
19.
Co a p a r in g
F r a ctio n s
Leuel'
Cane
I On ,,Offl Olh g q Se ltln g 5
Frac- Tgpes | 0n
I I o f I tg p e s
Equal Fnac. I
0n
I
Conpacing
I
On
I <, >
E x p n e s s i o ns |
0n
| + , - , x, t
(r,z)
lptions checked
o"at""t
li"*"o ao
I
iE
9
.l o
3
T
r.lill be used,
G n e a te n lh a n
E-
T
T2
tz
r9
I
{
El
It
;l
T-z
tu,,ll'11.,
" " t1'
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ll
9
l9
lt?
3
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ll
+
tt
t?
1
9
l-9
l3
.z lElG5IiEFlZ|l
'/
Less than
lo
{
9
to
5
Use amor"rs to .or", Cp... S". to ct i"e"
EscaPg' ltodifg Garte Settings
F i g u re1 8
16
'l I
rr
nl
I
'' ''' '.- . . I
ili,flill
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t1
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;' I
I
iz l
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,lilhll,, '4rll
Fi gure19
The "Other Settings" coiumn for Fraction Expressionsindicateswhich arithmetic operationsare
seenby studentsplaying this game. You can regulatethe use of the four operations(addition,
subtraction,multiplication,and division) by selectingthis option (Figure20). The operations
indicatedwith a checkmark are the only onesthat will be usedin the actuaigameGigure 21).
F r a cb io n
Exp r e ssio n s
Levet,
GaFe
| 0't10f f | 0thsn. ss.-t!,ing9_ ..
Fnac. Tgpes | 0n
| 8 of I tgtpes
E c u a l F r a c.
I
On
Conparing
|
0n
Expressions
I
On
;.;
I
| (, )
I
*t - a
Options checked (r/) uill
Addition (+)
-/
(-)
V
S u b t r actio n
( x)
,/
t t u l t i p lica tio n
.r :
,
Escape, hodifc
r'+ t272 12
t6
l 5'16
2'+
??*o
+-t
t-o
*:"
9*o
+'+
7 _3
55
tl
Figure20
Figure21
t2
**o
n:ilirl!
,, illlll!,,,
il
ll
S corei
Gane Settings
+
73
3.*o 5-F
il:fl!, t'+
be used,
t?REER;lIZil
Use a""ors to nove, space s"r lo ilta;g..
Equal to
M AN AG EME NT
OP TIONS (cont in u e d )
M o d ify Denominator S ettings
The denominatorsusedas key valuesand for generatingfractions in the various gamescan be
controlled by selectingOption 2, "Modify DenominatorSettings," from the Management
Optionsmenu. The primarydenominator
setavailableis {2, 3,4, 5,6,7,8,9, 10, 12, 16}. The
iist shown wili indicate with a check mark which denominatorswill be used (Figure 22). You
may changeany of the settingsby simply moving the cursorto the box below the denominator
that you want changed.
Note:
ln the EquivalentFractionsand FractionExpressionsgames,the denominatorsettings
are used to determinethe key values. Other denominatorswill appearon the actual
gamescreen(Figure23).
n o d if' J
De n o n in a to r
Se ttin g s
Levet'
Onlg the denoninatons
checked (/)
r.rill
be used uith the keg ualues in the galres.
A t l e a s t 4 d e n o n in a to r s
n u st b e u se d .
3
6
i l+ I 5 le rz le d lrol12lre l
Jl J ltlv
I l; i lv lJlJl
6
a
3
30
Use ancolrs to nove, Space Bar to
Escape, llanagenent
0ptions
EsuiualeDt to
!5
24
;;i;;i,;,
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tlir,,t,illr
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4
30
9
zl
scor-eill :i
change.
+
to
tz
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2
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2
4
3
4
5
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b
-
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3E
ll
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6
t
fr
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il
Figure23
Frgure22
Re stor e Original S ettings
You may wish to set all of the gamesin F raction Munchers to their original settings.To do
so, chooseOption 3, "RestoreOriginal Settings,"from the ManagementOptionsmenu. Note
that in doing so any specialsettingsyou havemadewill be lost. The original settingshave ali
featuresturned on and all denominatorsturned on with the exceptionof 7 and 9.
Er a se H all of Fame
F raction Munchers maintainsa list of the ten bestscoresfor eachgame. After the tenth score
is entered,only a scorehigherthan the lowestscoreon the list will be recorded.
To deleteone or more of theselists, chooseOption 4, "ElaseHall of Fame," from the
ManagementOptionsmenu and selectthe Hall of Famelist(s) you wish-to erase.Wh.enchoosing
to eraseall of the lists at once,you will be given the opportunityto confirm your desireto erase
the lists beforereturningto the ManagementOptionsmenu. This safeguardis providedbecause
onceyou erasea list, it is permanentlylost.
13
Stu d e ntH andouts
5rK
A NO T E T O P A RE NT S
A! pu.t of our work in mathematics,your child will be playingF raction Munchers, an
educationalcomputergame. A typical gamescreenlooks like this:
Key value
Game level
Ta r g e tva lu e
(inthiscase,
a lraction
equivalent
to
thekeyvalue)
Fraction
M u n ch e r
Troggle
Distractor
(inthiscase,
a fractionnof
equivalent
to
thekey
value)
Sate zon e
Current
Score
Re ma ini n g
Mu n c h er s
Ask aboutF raction Munchers and work with your child on thoseconceptsthat areproving
difficult. Your child rnay not only becomea championFraction Muncher but, more importantly,
he or shewill alsoieam to masterfraction skills.
Sincerelv.
Teacher
Appendices
T7
AppendixA
CREDITS
teamthat includedCraig Copley,
Fraction Muncherswasproducedby a MECC development
MichaelStein,CraigSolomonson,
CharolynKapplingeaPaulNoennig,RogerShimada,
JamesL. Thompson,andPaulWenker.
TO TFM READER:
MECC hasmadeeveryeffort to ensurethe instructionalandtechnicalquality of this courseware
for inclusion
package.Yourcomments-asuseror reviewer-arevaluedandwill be considered
to:
comments
in anyfutureversionof theproduct.Pleaseaddress
MECC SoftwareDevelopment
6160SummitDrive North
Minnesota55430-4003
Minneapolis,
18
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ASSOCIATION. SOFTWAREPUBUSHERSASSOCIATION.
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cop_mght
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says,that you c-n'l ma-kecopies
ythgut the permiesionof the copynghtholder. iopyright
law is writtcn this way to p-t""i!oE*nne pnogranmers
aDo pubushen and the investment theyve made in ttreA
. products. The creative tea.msthst developthe software _
pro,grarnmers,writer8, Sgphic artists, content specialists,
and othen - all deservefair compensation.Without the
protection given by our copyright iaws, they would be
unable to producethe educatlonal, entertainment and
productivity software that adds so much to our daily lives.
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copiesof copyrighted material, inctuding software, without
I.f1.ougo p,E. is pirac!, and yoo may
31_tforizati,on.
lace not only a civil
suit, but alsofines ofup to $100,000
and jail terms of up to Syears.
CF
So Pm tever allanoed, to co1ry eofiuton
for
any teuon?
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If a backup copyw8s not included in the box with
di$ts], you are permitted to make one copy
griqrryl
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rn order to have both a working ppy and a backup
of
Copyrrght taw prohi-Uitsyo" Ao-,ri"tii!"opi
t",fpryadohonal copieeofthe software for any other reason
*l$9r1t the peraission of the softnare-company. If the
publisher has authorized any exceptionsto theiopyright
Iaw, they will be stated in the ticense
U"t
"gr""-"oG
accompanyall software products.
&_nut
anenl sclarr,ls alloud
putrye?
for dtrcational
to m&e
copias
No. Iilre individuals and corporations,educational
A
ingtitutions are bound by the coplright law. Beceuseof
F"{ tpqg" position of inlluence, sciools have a-partrcuIar obligation to abide by the copynght law and educate
snrdents about ilrelr own respoDsibifideswhen using
software. Just as it wouid bewrong to buy one t"*tb*L
and.photocopyit for uee by many shraerrts,it is wrong for
dup[j"t" softsare without t]re authorization of
:, dql.P
lne puDlraher. I'tus means tlut educatorscannot ma&.e
unauthorized copiesfor tlreA students, either to use in
schoolor to ta-kehome.
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fint plrce.
Many
educatorsare not aware of how the copyr.ight
I
law applies to them. Wittrout t}re publisher'sauthonzation to make copies,your schoolneedsto purchase as
of a prograro as you will use. Howerrer,many
T11y
so.ltwgrelrme
-p:""
do offer special salesarrangements to
echmls. Theseinclude reducedpricedlab packs(a number
of programssold together)and site licenses(anangemenrc
which permit schoolsto copy for a specific location at a
fixedpricc). Becaue tfeib arraniements vary from
publieher to publieher, it ir esse;tial that vou reed
and undenstaDd the license agreement for-each
prcgr8m before rnsking any copies.
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lalning lo instolt q nctutork for our
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n"-"-ber thal the installation of a network does
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not changeyourobligations with regard to the copyr-ight
law.
pu-rchasrngsoftwarefor a network, be sure to
,when
asx lne publrsherwhat types of licensing€urzrngements
are
availablefor networks. SomesoftwareiublishJrs allow
schooisto purchasea network licensethat authorizesthe
schoolto install stand-alonesoftwareon a network. In
addition, many soft,warepublishers create special network
versions that license the program to be run on the file
serverof a network. Becausesomepublisherslimit the
number of workststions that are pernrittcd to legally access
the softwareon the network. it is'very lmportani to check
the licenseagleementfor any restrictionjthat may apply.
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If you have trouble understanding the license
agreement, help is available. your school district,s media
or computer specialist may be able to answer your ques_
tions. In addition, you can always contact the software
publisher and ask for a clarificaiion ofthe license aereementas it applies to your schooi. Finally, if you still have
questions, contact the Software publishirs Association
for
more information about software and the copyright law.
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Becausethe software industry is relatively new and
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becausecopyrngsoftware is so easy,
peoplaare either
unaware of the iaws governing software
-anyuse oi chmse to
ignorethem. It is the responsibilityof eachand every
software user to read and understond the license agreeme,ntsof the products they use and to be sure that iheir
*fty*
use complies with copy.ight law. Seewhar you
can do to initiate a software
po[cy statement rn your
"seninatty, as an educator,
schoolthat everyonerespects.
help
set an examplefor your studentsthat responsiblecomputer
usersshould be "softwarelegal."
Ifyou have any questions about how
the copyr-ight law applies to you and your
school, please contact the
Soft ware Publishers Association
st2O24ti2-t6OO.
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