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Odontotermes
The link among termites in Dong Khuai village, Laos Nguyen Quynh Trang Okuno Masaki Tsuchida Kouji Insect Ecology Lab. – Gifu University Introduction • Location: Dong Khuai Village (Vientiane, Laos) • Period: Dec. 2011 ~ Feb. 2013 - Sampling sites: Dipterocarp woods (Khok) Forest (Dong) Paddy field (Na) - Quantity: 205 samples of fungus-growing termites Fungus-growing termites • Belong to subfamily Macrotermitinae. • Build mound as their nest. • Cultivate fungi in a spongelike structure called fungus-garden. Genera of fungus-growing termite Genus Macrotermes Genus Hypotermes Genus Odontotermes Genus Ancistrotermes Genus Microtermes http://www.jcc2u.com/photo/in dex.php?album=TERMITE&imag e=doc9363_001.jpg http://termitesandants.blogspot.jp/20 10/01/termites-and-ants-others.html MATERIALS AND METHODS Location Sampling site - 2011 Khok hong hien Sampling site - 2012 Sampling site 2013 Na somsom wan Dong hee ? Dong son poo Sampling methods Using GPS to define the location of each termite’s nest while collecting samples of termites and their fungi (if any) around Dong Khuai village. Samples were maintained in ethanol. Forest Paddy field Classification head shape + size • Base on soldier’s phenotype mandible’s features • Documents: - Termites (Isoptera) of Thailand - Fauna of Vietnam, chapter 15 (Termites - Isoptera) DNA extraction and amplification • Mitochondrial DNA will be extracted from termites by Landry’s method. • Cytochrome Oxydase subunit I will be amplified by conducting PCR according to Aanen et al. (2002) Diversity Simpson’s species diversity index: S 1 nj(nj-1) D=1Σ N(N-1) j=1 N: Total number of classified samples S: Total number of termite species nj: Number of colonies belonging to the jth species D is close to 1: high diversity D is close to 0: low diversity RESULTS Classification and Composition Ancistrotermes 4% Microtermes 1% Hypotermes 12% Odontotermes 27% Macrotermes 56% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Genus Species Quant. Macrotermes (119) gilvus 62 annandalei 22 carbonarius 19 serrulatus 13 malaccensis 3 Odontotermes (56) maesodensis 16 ceylonicus 13 feae 11 proformosanus 7 angustignathus 5 graveli 2 hainanensis 2 Hypotermes (26) makhamensis 26 Ancistrotermes (8) pakistanicus 8 Microtermes (2) obesi 2 211 Odontotermes angustignathus 2% Odontotermes proformosanus 3% Ancistrotermes pakistanicus 4% Odontotermes feae 5% Odontotermes ceylonicus 6% Macrotermes serrulatus 6% Odontotermes maesodensis 8% Macrotermes carbonarius 9% Odontotermes Macrotermes Odontotermes hainanensis graveli malaccensis 1% 1% 2% Microtermes obesi 1% Macrotermes gilvus 29% Hypotermes makhamensis 12% Macrotermes annandalei 11% Distribution Map • By: Okuno Masaki Dipterocarp woods (Khok) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Species Macrotermes annandalei Macrotermes carbonarius Macrotermes gilvus Macrotermes proformosanus Odontotermes maesodensis Odontotermes ceylonicus Odontotermes feae Hypotermes makhamensis Ancistrotermes pakistanicus Quant. 13 8 4 6 5 2 1 16 3 58 Simpson’s diversity Index: D = 0.84 Ancistrotermes pakistanicus 5% Hypotermes makhamensis 28% Macrotermes annandalei 22% Macrotermes carbonarius 14% Odontotermes feae 2% Odontotermes ceylonicus 3% Odontotermes maesodensis 9% Macrotermes proformosanus 10% Macrotermes gilvus 7% Forest (Dong) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Species Quant. Macrotermes carbonarius 6 Macrotermes annandalei 5 Macrotermes serrulatus 4 Macrotermes gilvus 2 Odontotermes ceylonicus 7 Odontotermes maesodensis 5 Odontotermes feae 2 Odontotermes proformosanus 1 Odontotermes graveli 1 Hypotermes makhamensis 4 Ancistrotermes pakistanicus 2 Microtermes obesi 1 40 Simpson’s diversity Index: D = 0.91 Ancistrotermes Hypotermes pakistanicus makhamensis 5% 10% Odontotermes graveli 3% Odontotermes proformosanus 3% Microtermes obesi 3% Macrotermes carbonarius 15% Odontotermes feae Odontotermes 5% maesodensis 12% Macrotermes annandalei 12% Macrotermes serrulatus 10% Odontotermes ceylonicus 17% Macrotermes gilvus 5% Paddy field (Na) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Species Quant. Macrotermes gilvus 56 Macrotermes serrulatus 9 Macrotermes carbonarius 5 Macrotermes annandalei 4 Macrotermes malaccensis 3 Odontotermes feae 8 Odontotermes maesodensis 6 Odontotermes angustignathus 5 Odontotermes ceylonicus 4 Odontotermes hainanensis 2 Odontotermes graveli 1 Hypotermes makhamensis 6 Ancistrotermes pakistanicus 3 Microtermes obesi 1 113 Simpson’s diversity Index: D = 0.74 Odontotermes Ancistrotermes graveli Odontotermes pakistanicus 1% Microtermes hainanensis Hypotermes 3% obesi 2% makhamensis 1% 5% Odontotermes ceylonicus 4% Odontotermes angustignathus 4% Odontotermes maesodensis 5% Odontotermes feae 7% Macrotermes malaccensis 3% Macrotermes Macrotermes annandalei carbonarius 3% 4% Macrotermes gilvus 50% Macrotermes serrulatus 8% Composition differs in environment Khok: D = 0.84 Hypotermes makhamensis 28% Hypotermes makhamensis 10% Macrotermes carbonarius 15% Macrotermes annandalei 12% Suggestion: HUMAN SELECTION on termite’s mounds Macrotermes Odontotermes serrulatus maesodensis 10% 12% Odontotermes ceylonicus 17% Dong: D = 0.91 Macrotermes annandalei 22% Macrotermes gilvus 50% Na: D = 0.74 Phylogenetic tree Future plans • Confirm the classification results with Prof. Takematsu from Yamaguchi University. • Complete the phylogenetic tree of termites in Dong Khuai Village, Laos. • Co-operate with Mr. Okuno Masaki to create genetic relationship map between fungus-growing termites and fungi. Thank you for your attention!