Jewish Resurgence •Maccabean •Hasmonean •Roman •Herod

Jewish Resurgence •Maccabean •Hasmonean •Roman •Herod

Jewish Resurgence
•Maccabean
•Hasmonean
an
•Roman
•Herod
Maccabean Revolt
I. Mattathias (167)
A. Antiochus IV
B. Hasideans
C. Modein
II. Judas (166–160)
A. Temple: 164 BC, 25th Chislev
(Hanukkah—Jn. 10:22)
B. Acra : 162 BC = religious freedom
III. Jonathan (160–143): 152 BC = high priesthood
IV. Simon (143–134): 142 BC = tax exemption
Jewish Resurgence: Maccabean
Macc. Revolt Contributions:
(1) Religious, political freedom
(2) Hasmonean high priesthood
(3) Messianic expectations
(4) New Jewish heroes
(5) Birth of apocalyptic literature
Jewish Resurgence: Maccabean
Jewish Resurgence
•Maccabean
•Hasmonean
•Roman
•Herod
Hasmonean Rule
I. Simon (143–134)
A. Tax exemption: 142 BC = religious freedom
B. Gazara judaized by force
C. Political intrigue, Rome intervenes
D. 140 BC, Rome declares Simon high priest,
commander, ethnarch of Jews forever—the
Hasmoneans are made a dynasty
II. John Hyrcanus I (134–104): ruthless policies
A. Gerezim temple razed (128 BC)
B. Idumeans forceably judaized
C. Samaria destroyed (Pharisees withdraw
support from Hasmoneans)
Jewish Resurgence: Hasmonean
Hasmonean Rule
V. Salome Alexandra (76–67)
A. Hyrcanus II made high priest
B. Aristobulus II, ambitious brother
C. Salome dies
VI. Civil War (67–63)
A. Hyrcanus II made king
B. Aristobulus II revolts
1. Seizes high priesthood, kingship
2. Rules as king (66–63 BC)
C. Antipater's schemes
1. Son of Antipas, governor of Idumea
2. Beseiges Jerusalem for Hyrcanus II
Jewish Resurgence: Hasmonean
Hasmonean Rule
III. Aristobulus I (104–103)
A. Calls himself "king"
B. Galilee judaized (later seedbed of Zealots)
C. Dies, high priesthood jeapordized
IV. Alexander Janneus (103–76)
A. Levirite marriage to Queen Alexandra
B. Opposed by Pharisees
C. Hellenistic territories expanded
1. Idumea secured, among others
2. Antipas granted governorship
Jewish Resurgence: Hasmonean
Onias III (198–174)
Hellenizers
Jewish
High
Priests
Hasmonians
Jason I
Menelaus
Alcimus
(vacant)
Jonathan
Simon
John Hyrcanus I
Aristobulus I
Alexander Janneus
John Hyrcanus II
Aristobulus II
John Hyrcanus II
Jewish Resurgence: Maccabean
174–171
171–161
161–159
159–152
152–143
142–134
134–104
104–103
103–76
76–67
66–63
63–40
Maccabean Leaders
Mattathias
Judas Maccabeus
Jonathan Maccabeus
Simon Maccabeus
John Hycanus
Aristobulus
Alexander Jannaeus
Alexandra Salome
Hyrcanus II vs. Aristobulus II
Hyrcanus II
Antigonus
Hasmonean House
168–166
166–160
160–143
143–134
134–104
104–103
103–76
76–67
67–63
63–40
40–37
Jewish Resurgence: Maccabean
versus
John
Judas
Judas
Aristobulus
Simon
Simon
Eleazar
John
John Hyrcanus
Hyrcanus
Aristobulus
Aristobulus II
II
Alexandra = Alexander
Alexander
Antigonus
Mariamne = Herod the Great
Has. Rule Contributions:
Antigonids
Antiochus III
(1) Political power
(2) Territorial expansion
Antiochus IV
Seleucus IV
(?)
Antiochus V
Demetrius I
Alexander Balas
Demetrius II
Antiochus VI
(3) Ruthless policies
(4) Roman involvement
(5) Religious disaffection
Antiochus VII
Jewish Resurgence: Maccabean
Mattathias
Alex.
Alex. Janneus
Janneus == Salome Alexandra
Hyrcanus II
Aristobulus III
Jonathan
Jewish Resurgence: Maccabean
Syrian Throne
Seleucids
Mattathias
Jewish Resurgence: Hasmonean
Jewish Resurgence
•Maccabean
•Hasmonean
•Roman
•Herod
Rome's Rise
I. Class Warfare (businessmen vs. aristocrats)
II. Mediterranean Conquest (2nd/1st cent. BC)
A. Macedonia (168 BC)
1. Philippi
2. Thessalonica
B. Achaia (146 BC)
1. Athens
2. Corinth
C. Asia (133 BC: Ephesus)
D. Syria (66 BC)
1. Antioch
2. Galilee and Judea
Jewish Resurgence: Roman
Rome's Rise
Macedonia (168 BC)
Asia (133 BC)
Achaia (146 BC)
Jewish Resurgence: Roman
Syria (66 BC)
Rome's Rise
III. Political Instability (60s–30s BC)
A. First Triumvirate (Pompey, Caesar)
1. Crossing the Rubicon
2. Egyptian Campaign
3. Antipater's heroism and reward
4. Political turmoil (Caesar assassinated in
44; Antipater murdered in 43)
B. Second Triumvirate (Anthony, Octavian)
1. Battle of Actium (31 BC)
2. Herod's dilemma and audacity
Jewish Resurgence: Roman
Antipater's Rise To Power
Roman
Pompey
Event (Date)
Eastern Campaign
(63 BC)
Gabinius First Triumvirate
(60–53 BC)
Caesar
Egyptian Campaign
(48–47 BC)
Antipater
shadow control
of government
procurator of
Jerusalem
procurator of
all Jewish lands
Jewish Resurgence: Roman
Jewish Resurgence
•Maccabean
•Hasmonean
•Roman
•Herod
Rome's Contributions:
(1) Political power
(2) Territorial expansion
(3) Social, economic change
(4) Antipater's rise to power
(5) Jewish priviledges
(6) New Testament world
Jewish Resurgence: Roman
Herod the Great
I. Herod's Rise
A. Governor of Galilee (Antipater's rewards)
B. Confirmed by Anthony (Caesar's death)
C. Challenged by Antigonus (Hasmoneans)
D. Crowned by Roman Senate (40 AD)
E. Conquers Jerusalem (37 BC)
F. Crisis of Actium (31 BC)
1. Anthony lost, commits suicide
2. Confirmed by Octavian
Jewish Resurgence: Herod
Herod the Great
II. Herod's Reign (37–4 BC)
A. Early Reign (37–27)
1. Consolidating power
2. Battle of Actium, 31 BC
3. Mariamne executed, brief insanity
B. Public Buildings (27–13)
1. Caesarea, Masada, Temple
2. Patron of culture, commerce
C. Domestic Troubles (13–4)
1. Herod's sons
2. Herod's will
Jewish Resurgence: Herod
Herod's Contributions:
(1) Hellenistic rule
(2) Political stability
(3) Economic prosperity
(4) Tremendous buildings
(5) Deep animosities
(6) New Testament stage
Jewish Resurgence: Herod