Base Commander

Transcription

Base Commander
Nature Coast Scuttlebutt
USSVI Sturgeon Base, Crystal River, Florida
January 2004
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Base Commander
John Dudas
4450 West Pine Ridge Blvd.
Beverly Hills, Fl. 34465-8909
(352) 527-8149
[email protected]
Vice Commander
David Garraway
9016 East Gospel Island Road
Inverness, FL. 34450
(352) 726-3774
Past Base Commanders
Dale Danielsen, (352) 732-4180, [email protected]
Richard Dorff, (352) 382-9059, [email protected]
Sturgeon Base Web Site
http://donmac.org/sturgeon.htm
[email protected]
Secretary
Fairman Bockhorst
1519 North Lombardo Ave.
Lecanto, FL. 34461
(352) 746-9486
[email protected]
Treasurer
Reginald Clarke
5119 North Coralwood Terrace
Beverly Hills, FL. 34465
(352) 746-3619
[email protected]
Chief of the Boat
Paul Sable
132 West Honey Palm Loop
Beverly Hills, FL. 34465
(352) 489-2714
[email protected]
Chaplin
Tyler Montgomery
6133 West Pinedale Circle
Crystal River, FL. 34429
(352) 795-0891
[email protected]
Historian
Dennis Maita
6607 S. Frankfurter Way
Homosassa, FL. 34446
(352) 621-0622
[email protected]
Base Storekeeper
Ron Dunwoodie
PO Box 2244
Inverness, FL. 34451
(352) 637-6828
[email protected]
Newsletter Editor
John P Dudas
4450 W. Pine Ridge Blvd.
Beverly Hills, FL. 34465
(352) 527-8149
[email protected]
Base Membership
Billy Wein
1120 N Beach Park Drive
Inverness, FL. 34453
(352) 726-5926
[email protected]
Holland Club POC
Ed Beyers
1595 N. Foxboro Loop
Crystal River, FL. 34429
(352) 563-2139
[email protected]
In This Issue
Base News
Holland Club & Base Membership
January Lost Boats List
Commanders Comments
January Submarine History
Christmas Party Pictures
STORIES
None this issue
Veterans Info
None this issue
USSVI Base Application
Holland Club Members
Ed Beyers 1950 USS Irex / SS-482
Holland Club POC for Sturgeon Base
George Schimpf 1951
Dale Danielsen 1936
Sea Lion / ASSP-315
USS S-10 / SS-115
Estel Ludlow 1944
Angelo Telesca 1943
USS Atule / SS-403
USS Drum / SS-228
Sturgeon Base Membership
Robert “Alan” Arnold
Daniel Butler
Dale Danielsen
Ronald Dunwoodie
Anthony Gervasi
Boyd Long
John McKee
George Renshaw
George Schimpf
William Tappan
Billy Wein
James Lyons
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Edwin Beyers
Charles Callahan
Richard Dorff
David Garraway
Thomas Hedge
Estel Ludlow
Matthew Morse
George Robb
Stephen Shaw
Angelo Telesea
Bill Whalen
Fairman Bockhorst
Reginald Clarke
John Dudas
Cliff Gauthier
William Kelley
Dennis Maita Sr.
Wayne Reedy
Paul Sable
Dick Skiles
Leon Uplinger
Jeffrey Couch
January Lost Boats Listing
Date of Loss
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Boat
Hull #
Cause
05 January
1944
USS Scorpion
SS-278
Lost with all hands (76 men) by a
possible Japanese mine in the Yellow Sea
off China
10 January
1943
USS Argonaut
SS-166
Lost with all hands (105 men) in the
Java Sea by Japanese surface attack.
12 January
1945
USS Swordfish
SS-193
Lost with all hands (89 men) by a
possible Japanese surface attack or mine
off Okinawa.
20 January
1942
USS S-36
SS-141
Destroyed after she ran aground on the
Taka Bakang Reef in Makassar Straight,
Indonesia. The crew was rescued
24 January
1942
USS S-26
SS-131
Lost with 46 men in the Gulf of Panama,
14 miles west of San Jose Light when
USS PC-460 rammed it. 2 men survived
Commander’s Comments
I hope everyone’s Christmas and New Years was a great celebration. The Sturgeon Base Christmas Party
was a great time. We had 36 people in attendance and a whole pile of toys was gathered for our donation.
I took the toys to work for distribution by our housing department who had identified 50 children in need
for this holiday. The Toys for Tots program told me to take them there instead of the warehouse and then
deliver them there anyway. I saw some of the children walking through the building after receiving their
presents – It was a warm and appreciative sight – We did a good thing for the area children – Bravo Zulu
to those that gave to this venture.
The Christmas Party had a lot of pretty ladies and I couldn’t believe that the guys cleaned up so well. The
food and company was excellent. We had a great time mixing and the wives didn’t complain to loudly
about the sea stories.
We had the two winners of the essay contest along with their parents and grandparents present at the
party. Heather and Donovan Foster read their winning essays at dinner. Their acceptance by the crew
members was a long round of applause. The kids did an excellent job and their efforts were very well
received. Everyone was in agreement that with young people like this participating in their future at the
level they showed in the quality of their essay’s, we can be proud of our young people if they are anything
like these two.
Our next big event will be a joint spring picnic with the Nautilus Base. I would like to see everyone join
in and make a success of this venture. There are a great bunch of guys in Ocala who really want to know
us better. I hope we forge a strong bond with our fellow shipmates – there are a lot of things we can
accomplish together.
The District 4 meeting in Jacksonville promises to be a great time. It includes busses to St. Mary’s for a
Memorial Service and time at the Submarine Museum. I would like to see a bunch of the Sturgeon Base
members there since it is so close to home this year. I have already booked my room – how about joining
me for a good time with all of our sister bases in the Southeast.
The National Convention in Saratoga Springs is heating up. The Prime Hotel is already booked full and
the others are starting to fill. I’ve got the video from them announcing what they intend to do for this
convention. If you haven’t seen it, you’re missing a very entertaining and informative presentation by the
Saratoga Springs community and what they want to do for us. It’s not far to New London and they are
offering trips there if you want to get back and visit the Subase and your old stomping grounds. It just
might be as much fun as Reno.
We’ll have to start thinking about nominations for a few base officers. Reggie has stated that he has been
the treasurer for almost 2 years and is due for some relief. His end of year report balanced right to the
penny, so the bookwork is in good order for the next treasurer. We’ll do some research to see how long
everyone has served and let you know. At some point we will have to hold elections, so please consider
helping the base out and volunteering for a nomination when the time comes. It’s always better when
everyone helps at some time during their affiliation with any organization. It’s the only way a group can
grow because it spreads the experience around to all the members.
See Ya All At The January Meeting.
John Dudas
MMCS(SS) USN RET
Sturgeon Base Commander
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January Submarine History
01/11/1901
01/12/1903
01/14/1903
01/17/1903
01/01/1904
01/06/1912
01/06/1912
01/10/1912
01/27/1912
01/16/1914
01/22/1914
01/31/1914
01/08/1915
01/15/1915
01/20/1915
01/01/1917
01/16/1917
01/07/1918
01/19/1918
01/21/1918
01/24/1918
01/27/1918
01/28/1918
01/29/1918
01/29/1918
01/11/1919
01/18/1919
01/18/1919
01/20/1919
01/24/1919
01/30/1919
01/08/1920
01/30/1920
01/05/1921
01/15/1921
01/07/1922
01/06/1923
01/11/1923
01/05/1924
01/15/1924
01/22/1924
01/13/1925
01/25/1936
01/15/1937
01/26/1937
01/16/1939
01/16/1939
01/27/1940
01/01/1941
01/06/1941
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Keel is laid for the USS A 7 (SS 8).
USS A 2 Adder (SS 3) is commissioned.
USS A 5 Pike (SS 6) is launched.
USS A 4 Moccasin (SS 5) is commissioned.
Keel is laid for the USS O 5 (SS 66).
USS F 3 Pickerel (SS 22) is launched.
USS F 4 Skate (SS 23) is launched.
USS G 2 (SS 27) is launched.
Keel is laid for the USS K 4 (SS 35).
USS H 3 (SS 30) is commissioned.
USS G 4 (SS 26) is commissioned.
USS K 2 (SS 33) is commissioned.
USS C 1 (SS 9) Grounded in Almaranti Bay.
USS E 2 (SS 23) Battery explosion.
USS L 1 (SS 40) is launched.
Submarine School is established at Submarine
Base, New London, Connecticut.
USS N 2 (SS 54) is launched.
USS R 18 (SS 95) is launched.
3 (SS 42) Heavy weather damaged torpedo tube
shutters and caused salting of battery.
USS R 20 (SS 97) is launched.
USS L 10 (SS 50) One man lost overboard while in
transit to Bantry Bay, Ireland. This is our first
personnel loss in a war zone.
USS O 9 (SS 70) is launched.
USS R 19 (SS 96) is launched.
Keel is laid for the USS S 6 (SS 111).
Keel is laid for the USS S 7 (SS 112).
USS S 32 (SS 137) is launched.
USS R 3 (SS 80) is launched.
Keel is laid for the USS S 23 (SS 128).
Keel is laid for the USS S 9 (SS 114).
USS R 2 (SS 79) is commissioned.
USS S 3 (SS 107) is commissioned.
Keel is laid for the USS S 12 (SS 117).
USS T 1(SS 52) is commissioned.
USS S 40 (SS 145) is launched.
USS S 15 (SS 120) is commissioned.
USS T 2 AA 2 (SS 60) is commissioned.
USS S 19 (SS 124) is commissioned.
USS S 11 (SS 116) is commissioned.
USS S 47 (SS 158) is launched.
USS S 41 (SS 146) is commissioned.
USS S 27 (SS 132) is commissioned.
USS S 51 (SS 162) Sank after collision with SS
City of Rome on 25 September 1925 off Block
Island.
USS Shark (SS 174) is commissioned.
USS Pollack (SS 180) is commissioned.
USS Pickerel (SS 177) is commissioned.
USS Sculpin (SS 191) is commissioned.
Keel is laid for the USS Tambor (SS 198).
USS Tautog (SS 199) is launched.
The first RADAR for submarines becomes
operational.
USS Tuna (SS 203) is commissioned.
01/25/1941
01/29/1941
01/31/1941
01/02/1942
01/15/1942
01/20/1942
01/20/1942
01/20/1942
01/21/1942
01/22/1942
01/22/1942
01/24/1942
01/27/1942
01/27/1942
01/30/1942
01/31/1942
01/01/1943
01/02/1943
01/03/1943
01/06/1943
01/09/1943
01/10/1943
01/10/1943
01/10/1943
01/13/1943
01/15/1943
01/19/1943
01/20/1943
01/20/1943
01/23/1943
01/24/1943
01/24/1943
01/25/1943
f
USS Gudgeon (SS 211) is launched.
USS Marlin (SS 205) is launched.
USS Grayback (SS 208) is launched.
Keel is laid for the USS Hoe (SS 258).
USS Herring (SS 233) is launched.
Keel is laid for the USS Sawfish (SS 276).
USS Guardfish (SS 217) is launched.
36 (SS 141) is lost after grounding on Taka Bakang
Reef in Makassar Strait, Indonesia. All the crew
was rescued.
USS Greenling (SS 213) is commissioned.
USS Sturgeon (SS 187) downs what she thinks is a
Japanese cruiser in the Makassar Strait and sends
her famous message "Sturgeon no longer virgin".
Keel is laid for the USS Archerfish (SS 311).
USS S 26 (SS 131) is lost with the loss of 46
shipmates after a collision with the USS PC 460 in
the Gulf of Panama.
USS Gudgeon (SS 211) is the first U. S. submarine
to sink an enemy submarine, the Japanese IJN I
173.
USS Seawolf (SS 197) delivers ammunition to
Corregidor, evacuates Navy and Army pilots.
USS Trigger (SS 237) is commissioned.
USS Finback (SS 230) is commissioned.
USS Nautilus (SS 168) evacuates 29 civilians from
Teop Island, Solomon Islands.
Japanese submarine I 18, sunk by submarine
GRAYBACK (SS 208), Solomon Islands area.
USS Remora (SS 487) is commissioned.
USS Jack (SS 259) is commissioned.
USS Seahorse (SS 304) is launched.
USS Pogy (SS 266) is commissioned.
USS Argonaut (SS 166) is lost with the loss of 105
shipmates when it was sunk off Rabaul by
Japanese aircraft.
Japanese destroyer Okikaze sunk by USS Trigger
(SS 237).
USS Searaven uses for the first time what was to
become a standard tactic for submarines, the 'end
around'.
USS Tinosa (SS 283) is commissioned.
ComSubPac Admiral English dies in an airplane
crash in the hills near Crystal Lake, California. With
him are several members of SubPac staff. Admiral
Charles Lockwood takes over the duties of
ComSubPac later in the month.
USS Capelin (SS 289) is launched.
USS Silversides (SS 236) experiences the
infamous 'dangling torpedo' problem in which one
fish did not fire completely out of the tube and was
jammed half way out of one forward tubes.
Undergoes depth charge attack with fish dangling.
USS Lapon (SS 260) is commissioned.
USS Pargo (SS 264) is launched.
USS Raton (SS 270) is launched.
USS Wahoo (SS 238) sends message "Another
running gun fight…Destroyer gunning …Wahoo
running".
01/27/1943
01/28/1943
01/29/1943
01/01/1944
01/02/1944
01/07/1944
01/08/1944
01/09/1944
01/22/1944
01/24/1944
01/26/1944
01/26/1944
01/27/1944
01/27/1944
01/27/1944
01/27/1944
01/29/1944
01/30/1944
01/01/1945
01/01/1945
01/03/1945
01/10/1945
01/12/1945
01/14/1945
01/15/1945
01/17/1945
01/23/1945
01/26/1945
01/26/1945
01/26/1945
01/29/1945
01/11/1946
01/10/1948
01/20/1948
01/15/1949
01/11/1952
01/02/1953
01/21/1954
01/14/1955
01/17/1955
01/22/1955
01/31/1955
01/25/1956
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Keel is laid for the USS Golet (SS 361).
Keel is laid for the USS Shark (SS 314).
USS Trumpetfish (SS 425) is commissioned.
USS Pintado (SS 387) is commissioned.
USS Baya (SS 318) is launched.
USS Perch (SS 313) is commissioned.
USS Spadefish (SS 411) is launched.
USS Hawkbill (SS 366) is launched.
USS Pipefish (SS 388) is commissioned.
USS Bream (SS 243) is commissioned.
USS Wahoo (SS 238) sinks entire convoy of four
Japanese merchantmen north of New Guinea.
USS Guitarro (SS 363) is commissioned.
USS Razorback (SS 394) is launched.
USS Redfish (SS 395) is launched.
USS Ronquil (SS 396) is launched.
USS Scabbardfish (SS 397) is launched.
Keel is laid for the USS Spikefish (SS 404).
USS Becuna (SS 319) is launched.
USS Stickleback (SS 415) is launched.
USS Requin (SS 481) is launched.
Keel is laid for the USS Sirago (SS 485).
USS Odax (SS 484) is launched.
USS Swordfish (SS 193) is lost when sunk of Yaku
Island in Japanese home waters with the loss of 90
shipmates.
USS Chivo (SS 341) is launched.
USS Argonaut (SS 475) is commissioned.
USS Mero (SS 378) is launched.
USS Barb (SS 220) enters Namkwan Harbor,
China and destroys Japanese shipping and
causing "Thunder Below".
USS Moray (SS 300) is commissioned.
USS Capitaine (SS 336) is commissioned.
USS Irex (SS 482) is launched.
Keel is laid for the USS Pomodon (SS 486).
USS Argonaut (SS 475) Collides with USS
Honolulu (CL 48) off coast of New Jersey.
USS Volador (SS 490) is commissioned.
USS Cusk (SS 348, later redesignated SSG 348) is
the Navy's first guided missile submarine.
USS Trumpetfish (SS 425) Collided with USS
Marquette (AKA 95).
USS K 3 is commissioned.
USS Trutta (SS 421) is recommissioned for the
second time.
USS Nautilus (SSN 571) is launched.
USS Tench (SS 417) runs aground off Cape Henry
Light, Virginia.
Commander Dennis Wilkinson, aboard the USS
Nautilus (SSN 571), sends the historic message,
"Underway on nuclear power," signaling a new era
in both submarine warfare and maritime propulsion.
USS George Bancroft (SSBN 643) is
commissioned.
USS Dace (SS 247) is decommissioned for the
third and final time.
Keel is laid for the USS Swordfish (SSN 579).
01/18/1957
01/18/1957
01/11/1958
01/09/1959
01/14/1959
01/17/1959
01/23/1959
01/28/1959
01/04/1960
01/09/1960
01/17/1961
01/17/1961
01/21/1961
01/23/1961
01/04/1963
01/12/1963
01/12/1963
01/27/1964
01/04/1965
01/11/1965
01/15/1965
01/15/1965
01/16/1965
01/18/1965
01/17/1966
01/05/1968
01/25/1968
01/30/1968
01/30/1969
01/10/1970
01/17/1970
01/29/1970
01/08/1971
01/16/1971
01/08/1972
01/24/1972
01/13/1973
01/22/1973
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USS Paddle (SS 263) is decommissioned for the
second time.
USS Muskallunge (SS 262) is decommissioned for
the second time.
First Fleet Ballistic Missile flight test, Point Magu,
CA.
USS Halibut (SSGN 587) is launched.
USS Skate (SSN 578) collides with USS Cubera
(SS 347) just after highline transfer..
USS Barbel (SS 580) is commissioned.
Keel is laid for the USS Scamp (SSN 588).
USS Skate (SSN 578) collides with USS Cubera
(SS 347) just after highline transfer.
USS Halibut (SSGN 587) is commissioned.
USS Lizardfish (SS 373) is decommissioned for the
second time.
USS Burrfish (SS 312) is recommissioned for the
second time.
Keel is laid for the USS Lafayette (SSBN 616).
USS George Washington (SSBN 598) arrives in
New London after her first patrol. She set a record
for submerged indurance of 66 days, 10 hours.
USS Springer (SS 414) is decommissioned for the
second time and turned over to Chile.
USS Thomas Jefferson (SSBN 618) is
commissioned.
USS John Adams (SSBN 620) is launched.
USS Nathan Hale (SSBN 623) is launched.
Keel is laid for the USS Tautog (SSN 639).
Keel is laid for the USS Ray (SSN 653).
USS Barb (SSN 596) Collides with USS Sargo
(SSN 583) while at 300 feet 50 miles from Oahu.
Keel is laid for the USS Sunfish (SSN 649).
Keel is laid for the USS Sand Lance (SSN 660).
USS Kamehameha (SSBN 642) is launched.
President Johnson announces plans to develop
Poseidon, a more powerful missile than the Polaris
A 3.
Keel is laid for the USS Narwhal (SSN 671).
USS Pargo (SSN 650) is commissioned.
USS Gato (SSN 615) is commissioned.
USS Seawolf (SSN 575)Grounds 65 miles off Cape
Cod and severly damages rudder and stern
structure. Towed back into port.
USS Sea Devil (SSN 664) is commissioned.
USS Bluefish (SSN 675) is launched.
USS Volador (SS 490) collides with Japanese
freighter Miyahime Maru.
USS Nathaniel Greene (SSBN 636) grounds off
Charleston, SC.
USS Bluefish (SSN 675) is commissioned.
USS Archerfish (SSN 678) is launched.
Keel is laid for the USS Los Angeles (SSN 688).
USS Sea Horse (SSN 669) grounds off Charleston,
SC.
USS Parche (SSN 683) is launched.
USS Batfish (SSN 681) Runs aground at
Charleston, SC, towed off and returns to port.
01/27/1973
01/08/1974
01/12/1974
01/26/1974
01/09/1978
01/29/1979
01/05/1980
01/25/1980
01/19/1981
01/30/1981
01/16/1982
01/16/1982
01/30/1982
01/08/1983
01/04/1984
01/21/1984
01/01/1985
01/12/1985
01/19/1985
01/25/1986
01/15/1987
01/23/1988
01/07/1989
01/10/1989
01/07/1990
01/26/1991
01/08/1994
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Keel is laid for the USS Omaha (SSN 692).
USS Finback (SSN 670) collides with USS
Kittiwake (ASR 13) in Norfolk, VA.
USS Richard B. Russell (SSN 687) is launched.
USS Tunny (SSN 682) is commissioned.
Keel is laid for the USS Ashville (SSN 758).
Keel is laid for the USS Houston (SSN 713).
USS Indianapolis (SSN 697) is commissioned.
Keel is laid for the USS Buffalo (SSN 715).
Keel is laid for the USS Henry M. Jackson (SSBN
730).
Keel is laid for the USS Minneapolis St. Paul (SSN
708).
USS Grayback (SS 574) experiences diving lockout
chamber accident with the loss of five shipmates.
USS Bonefish (SS 582) Flooding in the engine
room.
USS Boston (SSN 703) is commissioned.
USS City of Corpus Christi (SSN 705) is
commissioned.
Keel is laid for the USS Oklahoma City (SSN 723).
USS Augusta (SSN 710) is launched.
On this day in 1985, beards were no longer
authorized by the US Navy.
USS Alaska (SSBN 732) is launched.
USS Augusta (SSN 710) is commissioned.
USS Alaska (SSBN 732) is commissioned.
The first flight test of the Trident II (D 5) missile was
conducted from Cape Canaveral, FL.
USS Topeka (SSN 754) is launched.
USS Norfolk (SSN 714) In collision with USS San
Diego (AFS 6) in Chesapeake Bay near Norfolk,
VA.
USS City of Corpus Christi (SSN 705) In collision
with ??? while submerged in Atlantic
Keel is laid for the USS Charlotte.
USS Scranton (SSN 756) is commissioned.
USS Santa Fe (SSN 763) is commissioned.
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\
APPLICATION FOR MEMBERSHIP
Regular { Life { Associate {
OUR CREED:
“To perpetuate the memory of our shipmates who gave their lives in the
pursuit of their duties while serving their country. That their dedication, deeds and supreme
sacrifice be a constant source of motivation toward greater accomplishments. Pledge loyalty and
patriotism to the United States Government”
NATIONAL DUES:
Annual:
I subscribe to the Creed of the United States Submarine Veterans, Inc., and agree to abide
by the Constitution, all Bylaws, Regulations and Procedures governing the U.S.
Submarine Veterans, Inc., so long as they do not conflict with my military or civil
obligations. I will furnish further proof of my eligibility for Regular or Life membership,
including an Honorable Discharge and U.S. Navy (SS) Designation, if required by proper
authority.
$20 (1st year)
$10(subsequent years)
Life:
(Age 65 + = $50)
(55 to 65 = $100)
(45 to 55 = $150)
(Under 45 = $250)
For: USSVI Sturgeon Base, Crystal River, Florida
Sturgeon Base AnnualDues:($10.00)
Signature: ____________________________________________________ Date: ____/____/______
Name: (Print or Type)____________________________Address: _____________________________
City: _______________________ State: _____ Zip Code: ______ _____Tel: (______)__________
E-Mail Address (If applicable) __________________________Base Desired:___________________
Sponsor:______________________________________(Associate or Groton Base Membership Only)
Associate Applicant is: Veteran {
Spouse of Veteran {
Other (specify) { _______________________
BIOGRAPHICAL DATA (New Members/Updates/Changes)
Please provide the information requested below. This information will be retained in the National and/or Base
Database. Individual Bases may request additional data for their specific use only.
Date Of Birth (MM/DD/YY) ____/____/____
Spouse _______________________________
Highest Rank Attained: ________________
Retired (Y/N): _____
Active Duty (Y/N): ____
Qual Boat: ______________________ Hull#_________ Qual Date (MM/YY) __/__ From Yr._____to _____
Other Boats: ___________________________
Hull#______________
From Yr.____ to _____
___________________________
Hull#______________
From Yr._____ to _____
___________________________
Hull#______________
From Yr._____ to _____
___________________________
Hull#______________
From Yr._____ to _____
____________________________
Hull#_______________
From Yr._____ to _____
_____________________________
Hull#_______________
From Yr. _____ to _____
Next of Kin if other than Spouse:
Name: _______________________________
Relationship: (optional) ___________________
Address:__________________________ City: ___________________
State: ______
Zip: _________-________
Applicants serving on active duty are requested to provide a permanent address through which they may be contacted.
US Submarine Veteran's Inc
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(Continue on back if necessary)
Upon completion, please mail or deliver to any base member or officer listed on the front page of this newsletter.
Sturgeon Base, Crystal River, Fl.
Base Commander: John Dudas
4450 West Pine Ridge Blvd.
Beverly Hills, Fl., 34465-8909
Lost Boats for the month of January
05
10
12
20
24
January
January
January
January
January
USS Scorpion
USS Argonaut
USS Swordfish
USS S-36
USS S-26
PRIDE RUNS DEEP
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SS-278
SS-166
SS-193
SS-141
SS-131
1944
1943
1945
1942
1942